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href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সাগর">সাগর</a>। এটি <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="জিব্রাল্টার প্রণালী">জিব্রাল্টার প্রণালী</a> দ্বারা <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর">আটলান্টিক মহাসাগরের</a> সাথে সংযুক্ত এবং উত্তরে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="দক্ষিণ ইউরোপ">দক্ষিণ ইউরোপ</a> ও <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="তুরস্কের">তুরস্কের</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আনাতোলিয়া">আনাতোলিয়া</a>, দক্ষিণে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="উত্তর আফ্রিকা">উত্তর আফ্রিকা</a>, পূর্বে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="লেভ্যান্ট">লেভ্যান্ট</a> এর দ্বারা প্রায় পুরোপুরি আবদ্ধ। যদিও সাগরটিকে মাঝে মাঝে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর">আটলান্টিক মহাসাগরের</a> অংশ হিসেবে বিবেচনা করা হয়। ভূতাত্ত্বিক প্রমাণ নির্দেশ করে যে ভূমধ্যসাগর প্রায় ৫৯ লক্ষ বছর আগে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর">আটলান্টিক মহাসাগরের</a> থেকে বিচ্ছিন্ন হয়ে গিয়েছিল এবং ৫৩ লক্ষ বছর আগে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="জানক্লিন বন্যা (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">জানক্লিন বন্যায়</a> পুনরায় পূর্ণ হওয়ার আগ পর্যন্ত আংশিক বা সম্পূর্ণভাবে প্রায় ৬ লক্ষ বছর ধরে শুষ্ক ছিল।</p> <table class="infobox vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">ভূমধ্যসাগর</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:Mediterranee_02_EN.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Mediterranee_02_EN.jpg/264px-Mediterranee_02_EN.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Mediterranee_02_EN.jpg/396px-Mediterranee_02_EN.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Mediterranee_02_EN.jpg/528px-Mediterranee_02_EN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="915"></a></span> <div class="infobox-caption"> ভূমধ্যসাগরের মানচিত্র </div></td> </tr> <tr class="adr"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">অবস্থান</th> <td class="infobox-data region"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="পশ্চিম ইউরোপ">পশ্চিম ইউরোপ</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="দক্ষিণ ইউরোপ">দক্ষিণ ইউরোপ</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="উত্তর আফ্রিকা">উত্তর আফ্রিকা</a> ও <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="পশ্চিম এশিয়া">পশ্চিম এশিয়া</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="ভৌগোলিক স্থানাঙ্ক">স্থানাঙ্ক</span></th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5321622">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dbn%26pagename%3D%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A7%2582%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25A7%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A6%25B0%26params%3D35_N_18_E_region:XZ_type:waterbody_scale:25000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="এই অবস্থানের জন্য মানচিত্র, আকাশ থেকে তোলা চিত্র, এবং অন্যান্য তথ্য"><span class="latitude">৩৫° উত্তর</span> <span class="longitude">১৮° পূর্ব</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="এই অবস্থানের জন্য মানচিত্র, আকাশ থেকে তোলা চিত্র, এবং অন্যান্য তথ্য">৩৫° উত্তর ১৮° পূর্ব</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35; 18</span></span></span></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Body_of_water?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Waterbody_types" class="mw-redirect" title="Body of water">ধরন</a></th> <td class="infobox-data category"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সাগর">সাগর</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inflow_(hydrology)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Inflow (hydrology) (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)"><span title="প্রাথমিক অন্তর্প্রবাহ: নদী, প্রবাহ, বৃষ্টিপাত">প্রাথমিক অন্তর্প্রবাহ</span></a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর">আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মার্মারা সাগর">মার্মারা সাগর</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="নীল নদ">নীল নদ</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="এব্রো নদী (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">এব্রো নদী</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="হ্রনি নদী (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">হ্রনি নদী</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="চেলিফ নদী (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">চেলিফ নদী</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="পো নদী">পো নদী</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="নিষ্কাশন অববাহিকা">অববাহিকার</a> দেশসমূহ</th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7784936">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none;"> <div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal;text-align:left"> প্রায় ৬০টি </div> <div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="hlist hwrap"> <ul> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আবখাজিয়া">আবখাজিয়া</a> (স্বাধীনতা বিতর্কিত)</li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আলবেনিয়া">আলবেনিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আলজেরিয়া">আলজেরিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আর্মেনিয়া">আর্মেনিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অ্যান্ডোরা">অ্যান্ডোরা</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অস্ট্রিয়া">অস্ট্রিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বেলারুশ">বেলারুশ</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বসনিয়া ও হার্জেগোভিনা">বসনিয়া ও হার্জেগোভিনা</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বুলগেরিয়া">বুলগেরিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বুরুন্ডি">বুরুন্ডি</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="চাদ">চাদ</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="গণতান্ত্রিক কঙ্গো প্রজাতন্ত্র">গণতান্ত্রিক কঙ্গো প্রজাতন্ত্র</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ক্রোয়েশিয়া">ক্রোয়েশিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সাইপ্রাস">সাইপ্রাস</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র">চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মিশর">মিশর</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইরিত্রিয়া">ইরিত্রিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইথিওপিয়া">ইথিওপিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ফ্রান্স">ফ্রান্স</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="জর্জিয়া">জর্জিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="জিব্রাল্টার">জিব্রাল্টার</a> (<a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="যুক্তরাজ্য">যুক্তরাজ্য</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="গ্রিস">গ্রিস</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="হাঙ্গেরি">হাঙ্গেরি</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইসরায়েল">ইসরায়েল</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইতালি">ইতালি</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="কেনিয়া">কেনিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="কসোভো">কসোভো</a> (স্বাধীনতা বিতর্কিত)</li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="লেবানন">লেবানন</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="লিবিয়া">লিবিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="লিশটেনস্টাইন">লিশটেনস্টাইন</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মাল্টা">মাল্টা</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মলদোভা">মলদোভা</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মোনাকো">মোনাকো</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মন্টিনিগ্রো">মন্টিনিগ্রো</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মরক্কো">মরক্কো</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="নাইজার">নাইজার</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="উত্তর সাইপ্রাস">উত্তর সাইপ্রাস</a> (স্বাধীনতা বিতর্কিত)</li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="উত্তর মেসিডোনিয়া">উত্তর মেসিডোনিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ফিলিস্তিন">ফিলিস্তিন</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="রোমানিয়া">রোমানিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="রাশিয়া">রাশিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="রুয়ান্ডা">রুয়ান্ডা</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সান মারিনো">সান মারিনো</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সার্বিয়া">সার্বিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="স্লোভাকিয়া">স্লোভাকিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="স্লোভেনিয়া">স্লোভেনিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="দক্ষিণ ওসেটিয়া">দক্ষিণ ওসেটিয়া</a> (স্বাধীনতা বিতর্কিত)</li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="দক্ষিণ সুদান">দক্ষিণ সুদান</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="স্পেন">স্পেন</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সুদান">সুদান</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সুইজারল্যান্ড">সুইজারল্যান্ড</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সিরিয়া">সিরিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তানজানিয়া">তানজানিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ট্রান্সনিস্ট্রিয়া">ট্রান্সনিস্ট্রিয়া</a> (স্বাধীনতা বিতর্কিত)</li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তিউনিসিয়া">তিউনিসিয়া</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তুরস্ক">তুরস্ক</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="উগান্ডা">উগান্ডা</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইউক্রেন">ইউক্রেন</a></li> <li><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ভ্যাটিকান সিটি">ভ্যাটিকান সিটি</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">পৃষ্ঠতল অঞ্চল</th> <td class="infobox-data">২৫,০০,০০০ কিমি<sup>২</sup> (৯,৭০,০০০ মা<sup>২</sup>)</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">গড় গভীরতা</th> <td class="infobox-data">১,৫০০ মি (৪,৯০০ ফু)</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">সর্বাধিক গভীরতা</th> <td class="infobox-data">৫,২৬৭ মি (১৭,২৮০ ফু)</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">পানির আয়তন</th> <td class="infobox-data">৩৭,৫০,০০০ কিমি<sup>৩</sup> (৯,০০,০০০ মা<sup>৩</sup>)</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">বাসস্থান সময়</th> <td class="infobox-data">৮০-১০০ বছর<sup id="cite_ref-Water_Flow_in_Semienclosed_Seaways_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Water_Flow_in_Semienclosed_Seaways-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>১<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80:%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="বিষয়শ্রেণী:জল শরীর অনুযায়ী দ্বীপপুঞ্জসমূহ (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">দ্বীপপুঞ্জ</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=List_of_islands_in_the_Mediterranean&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="List of islands in the Mediterranean (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">3300+</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">জনবসতি</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আলেকজান্দ্রিয়া">আলেকজান্দ্রিয়া </a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আলজিয়ার্স">আলজিয়ার্স</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="এথেন্স">এথেন্স</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বার্সেলোনা">বার্সেলোনা </a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বৈরুত">বৈরুত</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইজমির">ইজমির</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="রোম">রোম</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="স্পিল্ট (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">স্পিল্ট</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তানজাহ">তানজাহ</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তেল আবিব">তেল আবিব</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ত্রিপোলি">ত্রিপোলি</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তিউনিস">তিউনিস</a> <i>(<a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ভূমধ্যসাগরের উপকূলীয় জনবসতিসমূহের তালিকা (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">সম্পূর্ণ তালিকা</a>)</i></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>ভূমধ্যসাগরের আয়তন প্রায় ২৫ লক্ষ বর্গকিলোমিটার (৯,৬৫,০০০ বর্গমাইল) যা বৈশ্বিক <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মহাসাগর">মহাসাগরের</a> পৃষ্ঠতলের মাত্র ০.৭%। কিন্তু <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="জিব্রাল্টার প্রণালী">জিব্রাল্টার প্রণালী</a> দ্বারা <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর">আটলান্টিকের</a> প্রধান জলভাগের সঙ্গে সংযুক্ত স্থানে এটি মাত্র ১৪ কিলোমিটার (৯ মাইল) প্রশস্ত।<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>২<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>৩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ভূমধ্যসাগরের গড় গভীরতা প্রায় ১,৫০০মি (৪৯২১ফুট) এবং সর্বোচ্চ গভীরতা ৫,২৬৭মি (১৭২৮০ ফুট) যা <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আয়োনীয় সাগর">আয়োনীয় সাগরের</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ক্যালিপ্সো ডিপ (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">ক্যালিপ্সো ডিপে</a> অবস্থিত।এ স্থান <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5321622"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dbn%26pagename%3D%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A7%2582%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25A7%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A6%25B0%26params%3D36_34_N_21_8_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="এই অবস্থানের জন্য মানচিত্র, আকাশ থেকে তোলা চিত্র, এবং অন্যান্য তথ্য"><span class="latitude">৩৬°৩৪′ উত্তর</span> <span class="longitude">২১°৮′ পূর্ব</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="এই অবস্থানের জন্য মানচিত্র, আকাশ থেকে তোলা চিত্র, এবং অন্যান্য তথ্য">৩৬.৫৬৭° উত্তর ২১.১৩৩° পূর্ব</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.567; 21.133</span></span></span></a></span> অক্ষাংশের মধ্যে অবস্থিত।এর পূর্ব থেকে পশ্চিমের দৈর্ঘ্য অর্থাৎ <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="জিব্রাল্টার প্রণালী">জিব্রাল্টার প্রণালী</a> থেকে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ইস্কেন্দেরুন উপসাগর (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">ইস্কেন্দেরুন উপসাগরে</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তুরস্ক">তুরস্কের</a> দক্ষিণ-পূর্বাঞ্চলীয় উপকূল পর্যন্ত দূরত্ব প্রায় ৪০০০ কিমি। উত্ত্র-দক্ষিণ বরাবর এর বিস্তৃতি একেক জায়গায় একেক রকম হয়ে থাকে। সবথেকে ক্ষুদ্র নদী পথটি অবস্থিত <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ট্রিয়েস্ট উপসাগর (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">ট্রিয়েস্ট উপসাগর</a> এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="সিদরা উপসাগর (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">সিদরা উপসাগরের</a> মাঝে যার দৈর্ঘ্য প্রায় ১২০০ মাইল। পানির তাপমাত্রা শীতকালে মৃদু এবং গ্রীষ্মে উষ্ণ হয় এবং শীতের মাসগুলোতে বেশিরভাগ বৃষ্টিপাত হওয়া ভূমধ্যসাগরীয় জলবায়ু হিসেবে পরিচিত। এর উপকূল রেখা থেকে উষ্ণ মরুভূমি খুব একটা দূরে নয়, তবে উপকূল গুলোতে উপকূলিয় আবহাওয়া বিদ্যমান।</p> <p>প্রাচীন কালে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="বণিক (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">বণিক</a> ও ভ্রমণকারীদের জন্য সমুদ্র ছিল একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পথ, যা এই অঞ্চলের মানুষের মধ্যে বাণিজ্য ও সাংস্কৃতিক বিনিময়ের পথ করে দিয়েছিলো। অনেক আধুনিক সমাজের উৎপত্তি এবং বিকাশ বোঝার জন্য ভূমধ্যসাগরীয় অঞ্চলের ইতিহাস অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। রোমান সাম্রাজ্য বহু শতাব্দী ধরে ভূমধ্যসাগরে সামুদ্রিক আধিপত্য বজায় রেখেছিল।</p> <p>ঘড়ির কাঁটার ক্রমে ভূমধ্যসাগরকে ঘিরে থাকা দেশগুলি হল <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="স্পেন">স্পেন</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ফ্রান্স">ফ্রান্স</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মোনাকো">মোনাকো</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইতালি">ইতালি</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="স্লোভেনিয়া">স্লোভেনিয়া</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ক্রোয়েশিয়া">ক্রোয়েশিয়া</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বসনিয়া ও হার্জেগোভিনা">বসনিয়া ও হার্জেগোভিনা</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মন্টিনিগ্রো">মন্টিনিগ্রো</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আলবেনিয়া">আলবেনিয়া</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="গ্রিস">গ্রীস</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তুরস্ক">তুরস্ক</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সিরিয়া">সিরিয়া</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="লেবানন">লেবানন</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইসরায়েল">ইসরাইল</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ফিলিস্তিন">ফিলিস্তিন</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মিশর">মিশর</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="লিবিয়া">লিবিয়া</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তিউনিসিয়া">তিউনিসিয়া</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আলজেরিয়া">আলজেরিয়া</a> এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মরক্কো">মরক্কো</a>; <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মাল্টা">মাল্টা</a> এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সাইপ্রাস">সাইপ্রাস</a> এই সমুদ্রের দ্বীপ দেশ। এছাড়াও, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="উত্তর সাইপ্রাস">উত্তর সাইপ্রাসের</a> বিতর্কিত অঞ্চল এবং কিছু ছিটমহল, বিশেষ করে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="জিব্রাল্টার">জিব্রাল্টার</a> এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সেউতা">সেউতা</a> সমুদ্রের উপকূলে অবস্থিত। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আলেকজান্দ্রিয়া">আলেকজান্দ্রিয়া</a> হল বৃহত্তম উপকূলীয় মানববসতি। নদির অবাহিকাগুলো অন্যান্য দেশগুলির একটি বড় সংখ্যাকে এই সমুদের সাথে যুক্ত করেছে, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="নীলনদ">নীলনদ</a> ভূমধ্যসাগরে পতিত হওয়া দীর্ঘতম নদী।</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="bn" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">পরিচ্ছেদসমূহ</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8"><span class="tocnumber">১</span> <span class="toctext">ইতিহাস</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE"><span class="tocnumber">১.১</span> <span class="toctext">প্রাচীন সভ্যতা</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3"><span class="tocnumber">১.২</span> <span class="toctext">দক্ষিণ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8"><span class="tocnumber">১.৩</span> <span class="toctext">২১শ শতক ও অভিবাসন</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2"><span class="tocnumber">২</span> <span class="toctext">ভূগোল</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9"><span class="tocnumber">২.১</span> <span class="toctext">প্রান্তিক সমুদ্র সমূহ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0"><span class="tocnumber">২.২</span> <span class="toctext">বিস্তার</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF"><span class="tocnumber">২.৩</span> <span class="toctext">হাইড্রোগ্রাফি</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9"><span class="tocnumber">২.৪</span> <span class="toctext">উপকূলীয় দেশসমূহ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2"><span class="tocnumber">২.৫</span> <span class="toctext">একচেটিয়া অর্থনৈতিক অঞ্চল</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF"><span class="tocnumber">২.৬</span> <span class="toctext">উপকূলের দৈর্ঘ্য</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0"><span class="tocnumber">২.৭</span> <span class="toctext">উপকূলীয় শহর</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97"><span class="tocnumber">২.৮</span> <span class="toctext">উপপভাগ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9"><span class="tocnumber">২.৯</span> <span class="toctext">বৃহত দ্বিপসমূহ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81"><span class="tocnumber">২.১০</span> <span class="toctext">জলবায়ু</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF"><span class="tocnumber">৩</span> <span class="toctext">সমূদ্রবিদ্য</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9"><span class="tocnumber">৩.১</span> <span class="toctext">সাধারণ পানি প্রবাহ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE"><span class="tocnumber">৩.২</span> <span class="toctext">পানি সঞ্চালন প্রভাবিত করা অন্যান্য ঘটনা</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8"><span class="tocnumber">৩.৩</span> <span class="toctext">জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8"><span class="tocnumber">৪</span> <span class="toctext">জৈব-রসায়ন</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC"><span class="tocnumber">৫</span> <span class="toctext">ভূতত্ত্ব</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3"><span class="tocnumber">৫.১</span> <span class="toctext">টেকটোনিক্স এবং প্যালিওএনভায়রনমেন্টাল বিশ্লেষণ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F"><span class="tocnumber">৫.২</span> <span class="toctext">মেসিনিয়ান লবণাক্ততা সংকট</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC"><span class="tocnumber">৫.৩</span> <span class="toctext">উদ্ভিদ ও প্রাণীজগতের সুষমকরণ এবং বিনিময়</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF_%22%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%22-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE"><span class="tocnumber">৫.৪</span> <span class="toctext">একটি "ভূমধ্যসাগরীয় জলবায়ু"-তে স্থানান্তরিত হওয়া</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F"><span class="tocnumber">৬</span> <span class="toctext">প্যালিওক্লাইমেট</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF"><span class="tocnumber">৭</span> <span class="toctext">জীববৈচিত্র্য</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE"><span class="tocnumber">৮</span> <span class="toctext">পরিবেশগত সমস্যা</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9"><span class="tocnumber">৮.১</span> <span class="toctext">প্রাকৃতিক বিপদসমূহ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF"><span class="tocnumber">৮.২</span> <span class="toctext">আক্রমণকারী প্রজাতি</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8"><span class="tocnumber">৮.৩</span> <span class="toctext">নতুন গ্রীষ্মমণ্ডলীয় আটলান্টিক প্রজাতির আগমন</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF"><span class="tocnumber">৮.৪</span> <span class="toctext">সমুদ্রের উচ্চতা বৃদ্ধি</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3"><span class="tocnumber">৮.৫</span> <span class="toctext">দূষণ</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3"><span class="tocnumber">৮.৫.১</span> <span class="toctext">প্লাস্টিক দূষণ</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0"><span class="tocnumber">৯</span> <span class="toctext">তথ্যসূত্র</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ইতিহাস"><span id=".E0.A6.87.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.B9.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B8"></span>ইতিহাস</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: ইতিহাস" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> মূল নিবন্ধ: <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ভূমধ্যসাগরের ইতিহাস (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">ভূমধ্যসাগরের ইতিহাস</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="প্রাচীন_সভ্যতা"><span id=".E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.9A.E0.A7.80.E0.A6.A8_.E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.AD.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BE"></span>প্রাচীন সভ্যতা</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: প্রাচীন সভ্যতা" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg/300px-Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="219" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="1496"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 219px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg/300px-Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg.png" data-width="300" data-height="219" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg/450px-Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg/600px-Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ভূমধ্যসাগর </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/220px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2534" data-file-height="1614"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/220px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/330px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/440px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> সর্বোচ্চ বিস্তার কালে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="রোমান সাম্রাজ্য">রোমান সম্রাজ্যের</a> সীমা, (১১৭ খ্রিস্টাব্দ) </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:AntikeGriechen1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/AntikeGriechen1.jpg/220px-AntikeGriechen1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="1616"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 125px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/AntikeGriechen1.jpg/220px-AntikeGriechen1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="125" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/AntikeGriechen1.jpg/330px-AntikeGriechen1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/AntikeGriechen1.jpg/440px-AntikeGriechen1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> খ্রিস্টপূর্বাব্দ ৬ষ্ঠ শতকে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="গ্রিক জনগোষ্ঠী">গ্রিক</a> (লাল) এবং ফিনিসীয় (হলুদ) কলোনী </figcaption> </figure> <p>প্রধান প্রাচীন সভ্যতাগুলি ভূমধ্যসাগরের চারপাশে অবস্থিত ছিল। সমুদ্র যুগে অসংখ্য সম্প্রদায়ের জন্য বাণিজ্য, উপনিবেশ এবং যুদ্ধের পাশাপাশি খাদ্যের যোগানের (মাছ ধরা এবং অন্যান্য সামুদ্রিক খাবার সংগ্রহ থেকে) মাধ্যম ছিলো ভূমধ্যসাগর।<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>৪<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>ধ্রুপদী প্রাচীনত্বের সবচেয়ে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমধ্যসাগরীয় সভ্যতাগুলি ছিল <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="গ্রীক নগর রাষ্ট্র (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">গ্রীক নগর রাষ্ট্র</a>, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="পারস্য">পারস্য</a> এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ফিনিশিয়া">ফিনিশিয়ানরা</a> উভয়ই ভূমধ্যসাগরের উপকূলে ব্যাপকভাবে উপনিবেশ স্থাপন করেছিল।</p> <p>পারস্যের <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মহান দারিয়াস">প্রথম দারিয়াস</a>, যিনি প্রাচীন মিশর জয় করেছিলেন, ভূমধ্যসাগরকে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="লোহিত সাগর">লোহিত সাগরের</a> সাথে সংযুক্ত করার জন্য একটি খাল খনন করেছিলেন। দারিয়াসের খালটি দুটি ট্রাইমেমের (একধরণের দাড়টানা জাহাজ) পাশাপাশি চলাচলের জন্য যথেষ্ট প্রশস্ত ছিল এবং খাল দিয়ে লোহিত সাগর থেকে ভুমধ্যসাগরে পৌছতে চার দিন সময় লাগত।<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>৫<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>পরে, যখন <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আউগুস্তুস">অগাস্টাস</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="রোমান সাম্রাজ্য">রোমান সাম্রাজ্য</a> প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন, রোমানরা ভূমধ্যসাগরকে <b>মেরে নস্ট্রাম</b> ("আমাদের সাগর") বলে উল্লেখ করতো। পরবর্তী ৪০০ বছর ধরে, রোমান সাম্রাজ্য সম্পূর্ণরূপে ভূমধ্যসাগর এবং জিব্রাল্টার থেকে লেভান্ট পর্যন্ত এর সমস্ত উপকূলীয় অঞ্চল নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে থাকে।</p> <p>২০১৯ সালে, আকদেনিজ ইউনিভার্সিটির আন্ডারওয়াটার রিসার্চ সেন্টারের প্রত্নতাত্ত্বিক বিশেষজ্ঞদের দল <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তুরস্ক">তুরস্কের</a> উপকূলবর্তী ভূমধ্যসাগরে ৩,৬০০ বছর আগের একটি জাহাজের ধ্বংসাবশেষ আবিষ্কার করে। জাহাজে পাওয়া ১.৫ টন তামার বিশুদ্ধ আকরিক এর সাহাজ্যে জাহাগটির বয়স অনুমান ক্রা হয়েছিল। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আনাতোলিয়া">আনাতোলিয়ার</a> গভর্নর মুনির কারালোগলু এই মূল্যবান আবিষ্কারটিকে "পানির নিচের <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="গোবেকলি তেপে">গোবেকলি তেপে</a>" হিসাবে বর্ণনা করেছিলেন৷ এটি নিশ্চিত করা গিয়েছে যে জাহাজের ধ্বংসাবশেষটি ১৬০০ খ্রিস্টপূর্বাব্দের,যা ১৪০০ খ্রিস্টপূর্বাব্দের "উলুবুরুন জাহাজের ধ্বংসাবশেষ" থেকেও পুরানো৷<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>৬<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>৭<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>৮<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="দক্ষিণ"><span id=".E0.A6.A6.E0.A6.95.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B7.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.A3"></span>দক্ষিণ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: দক্ষিণ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>৪৭৬ সালের দিকে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="পশ্চিম রোমান সাম্রাজ্য">পশ্চিম রোমান সাম্রাজ্যের</a> পতন ঘটে। ৪র্থ শতকে সম্রাজ্যের পূর্বাংশ <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্রাজ্য">বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্রাজ্য</a> নাম নিয়ে রোমান আধিপত্য বজায় রাখে প্রাক্তন <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="রোমান সাম্রাজ্য">সম্রাজ্যের</a> পূর্ব অংশে। ৭ম শতকে আরেকটি পরাশক্তির আবির্ভাব হয়, যা সাথে নিয়ে এসেছিলো <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইসলাম">ইসলাম ধর্ম</a>। খুব দ্রুতই এই শক্তি ভুমধ্যসাগরীয় অঞ্চলে ছড়িয়ে পড়ে, এবং এর সর্বচ্চো বিস্তার কালে, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="উমাইয়া খিলাফত">উমাইয়াদের</a> সময়ে সমস্ত পূর্ব এবং দক্ষিণ উপকূলে এই সম্রাজ্য বিস্তার লাভ করে এখানে স্থায়ি প্রভাব রেখে যায়।</p> <p><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="প্রাথমিক মুসলিম বিজয়">প্রাথমিক মুসলিম বিজয়</a> পূর্ব এবং পশ্চিম ইউরোপের মধ্যকার বাণিজ্য পথে বাধা সৃষ্টি করে এবং পূর্বের এশিয় দেশগুলির সাথে ইউরপের বাণিজ্য বাধাগ্রস্থ করে। যা <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="কাসপিয়ান সাগর (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">কাসপিয়ান সাগর</a> ঘিরে গরে ওঠা নতুন বাণিজ্য পথ সৃষ্টিতে পরোক্ষ ভূমিকা রাখে। মিশরের পরিবর্তে পূর্বের দেশেরগুলো থেকে শস্য আমদানি শুরু হয়। পূর্বের বিলাসপন্য যেমং সিল্ক এবং মশলা মিশর এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ভেনিস">ভেনিস</a> ও <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="কনসট্যান্টিনোপেল (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">কনসট্যান্টিনোপেল</a> এর বন্দরগুলোতে আসতে শুরু করে। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ভাইকিং">ভাইকিং</a> দের আক্রমণ এই বাণিজ্য পথকে আর অধীকতর বাধাগ্রস্থ করে এবং এ বাণিজ্য পথে স্থবিরতা নেমে আসে। যাইহক, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="নর্সমেন (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">নর্সমেনরা</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="নরওয়ে">নরওয়ে</a> থেকে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="শ্বেত সাগর">শ্বেত সাগর</a> মাধ্যমএ নতুন বাণিজ্য পথসৃষ্টি করে, এবং একি সাথে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="স্পেন">স্পেন</a> থেকে বিলাস পণ্য আমদানি অব্যাহত রাখে। ৮ম শতকের মাঝামাঝি <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্রাজ্য">বাইজেন্টাইনরা</a> উত্তর-পূর্ব অংশের দখল ফিরে পায়। অপরদিকে আরব আক্রমণ থেকে সুরক্ষার জন্য ভেনিসীয় জাহাজগুলোতে সমরাস্ত্রীয়করণ শুরু হয় এবং এশিয়া থেকে ভেনিসের বন্দরে পণ্য আসতে থাকে।<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>৯<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1341"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 118px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="118" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ১৫৭১ সালের <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="লিওপান্ত যুদ্ধ (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">লিওপান্ত যুদ্ধ</a> যার সমাপ্তি ঘতেছিলো <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্য">উসমানীয়দের</a> ওপর ইউরপের <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="হলি লীগ (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">হলি লীগ</a> এর বিজয়ের মাধ্যমে। </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ফাতিমীয় খিলাফত">ফাতিমীয়রা</a> ক্রুসেডের আগ পর্যন্ত ইতালির নগর রাষ্ট্র, যেমনঃ <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="আমালফি রাজ্য (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">আমালফি রাজ্য</a> এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="জেনোয়া">জেনোয়ার</a> সাথে বাণিজ্য সম্পর্ক বজায় রেখেছিলো। ৯৯৬ সালের দস্তাবেজ থেকে আলামফির বনিকদের <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="কায়রো">কায়রোতে</a> বসবাসের প্রমান পাওয়া যায়। আরেকতি চিঠিতে জেনোয়ানদের সাথে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আলেকজান্দ্রিয়া">আলেকজান্দ্রিয়ার</a> বাণিজ্য সম্পর্কের প্রমাণ পাওয়া যায়। ১০৬০ সাল নাগাদ খলিফা <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="আল মুসতানজির (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">আল মুসতানজির</a> ল্যাটিনদের পরিবর্তে আলমাফিদের জেরুজালেমে থাকার অনুমতি প্রদান করেন।<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>১০<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ক্রুসেড">ক্রুসেডের</a> ফলে ইউরপের সাথে দখলকৃত অঞ্চলের নতুন বাণিজ্য সম্পর্ক গড়ে ওঠে।<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>১১<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> জেনোয়া। ভেনিস এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="পিসা (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">পিসা</a> ক্রুসেডারদের নিয়ন্ত্রণাধীন অঞ্চলে উপনিবেশ গড়ে তোলে এবং এর মাধ্যমে প্রাচ্যের সাথে বনিজ্যের নিয়ন্ত্রন লাভ করে। এই উপনিবেশগুলোর মাধ্যমে তাঁরা প্রাচ্যের দেশগুলোর সাথে বাণিজ্য করতো। যদিও কেউসেডারদের পতনের পর এবং মুসলিম শাসকদের দ্বারা পোপের সাথে বাণিজ্যে অবরোধ আরোপের ফলে এ বাণিজ্য বাধাগ্রস্থ হয়েছিলো, তবুও এ বাণিজ্য পথ চলমান থাকে।<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>১২<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>ইউরোপ ঘুড়ে দাঁড়ায় এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মধ্যযুগ">মধ্যযুগে</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="রেনেসাঁ">রেনেসাঁ</a> শুরু হলে আরো সুসংগঠিত এবং এককেন্দ্রিক রাষ্ট্রের উদ্ভব হয়।</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:De_Engels-Nederlandse_vloot_in_de_Baai_van_Algiers_ter_ondersteuning_van_het_ultimatum_tot_vrijlating_van_blanke_slaven,_26_augustus_1816._Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1377.jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/De_Engels-Nederlandse_vloot_in_de_Baai_van_Algiers_ter_ondersteuning_van_het_ultimatum_tot_vrijlating_van_blanke_slaven%2C_26_augustus_1816._Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1377.jpeg/220px-thumbnail.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="2061"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/De_Engels-Nederlandse_vloot_in_de_Baai_van_Algiers_ter_ondersteuning_van_het_ultimatum_tot_vrijlating_van_blanke_slaven%2C_26_augustus_1816._Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1377.jpeg/220px-thumbnail.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/De_Engels-Nederlandse_vloot_in_de_Baai_van_Algiers_ter_ondersteuning_van_het_ultimatum_tot_vrijlating_van_blanke_slaven%2C_26_augustus_1816._Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1377.jpeg/330px-thumbnail.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/De_Engels-Nederlandse_vloot_in_de_Baai_van_Algiers_ter_ondersteuning_van_het_ultimatum_tot_vrijlating_van_blanke_slaven%2C_26_augustus_1816._Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1377.jpeg/440px-thumbnail.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ১৮১৬ সালের আগস্টে ইঙ্গ-ওলোন্দাজ নৌবহর কর্তৃক আলজিয়ার্সে বমাবর্ষন, এর উদ্দেশ্য ছিলো ইউরোপীয় কৃতদাসদের মুক্তির জন্য হুমকি প্রদান করা। </figcaption> </figure> <p>আনাতোলিয়াতে অটোম্যানদের ক্ষমতা বাড়তে থাকে এবং তাঁরা কন্সট্যান্টিনোপেল দখলের মাধ্যমে বাইজ্যানটাইন সম্রাজ্যের সমাপ্তি ঘটায়। ১৬০০ সাল নাগাদ অটোমানরা সমুদ্রের পূর্বাংশের বেশিরভাগেরই নিয়ন্ত্রণ লাভ করে এবং দক্ষিণ ফ্রান্স (১৫৪৩-১৫৪৪), <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আলজেরিয়া">আলজেরিয়া</a> ও <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তিউনিসিয়া">তিউনিশিয়াতে</a> তাঁরা নৌবহর স্থাপন করে। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="হাইরেদ্দীন বারবারোসা">হাইরেদ্দীন বারবারোসা</a> সাগরে আধীপত্যের প্রতীক হয়ে ওঠেন পার্ভারজা যুদ্ধ (১৫৩৮) জয়ের মাধ্যমে। ইউরপীয়রা আবারো ভূমধ্যসাগরে তাদের দৃষ্টি নিবন্ধ করে এবং ১৫৭১ সালে লেপান্তো যুদ্ধে অটোম্যানদের শক্তির পরীক্ষা দিতে হয়ে ছিলো। এই যুদ্ধ ছিলো দাড়টানা জাহাদের শেষ যুদ্ধ।</p> <p>পশ্চিম ভূমধ্যসাগরে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মাগরেব">উত্তর -পশ্চিম আফ্রিকার</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="বার্বারি জলদস্যুরা (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">বার্বারি জলদস্যুরা</a> খ্রিস্টান এবং ইউরপীয় জাহারের শিকারে নেমেছিলো।<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>১৩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> রবার্ট ডেভিসের মতে, জলদস্যুরা ১৬ ও ১৯ শতকের মাঝামাঝি ১০ লক্ষ থেকে ১০ লক্ষ ২৫ হাজারের মত ইউরপীয়দের কৃতদাস হিসেবে বন্দি করেছিলো।<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>১৪<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>মহাসাগরের মাধ্যমে বাণিজ্যপথ চালু হলে তা এখানের বাণিজ্যকে পুরপুরি প্রভাবিত করেছিলো। একসময়ে ইউরপ ও প্রাচ্যের অধিকাংশ বাণিজ্য এপথে হলেও ১৪৯০ এর দিকে বাণিজ্য <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ভারত মহাসাগর">ভারত মহাসাগর</a> কেন্দ্রিক হয়ে পড়ে। এর মাধ্যমে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর">আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর</a> হয়ে প্রাচ্যকে থেকে মশলা এবং অন্যান্য পণ্য ইউরোপে আসতে শুরু করে।<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>১৫<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>১৬<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>১৭<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>এই সাগরটি এরপরো কৌশলগত দিক দিয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ছিলো। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="জিব্রাল্টার">জিব্রাল্টারের</a> ওপর ব্রিটিশ কতৃত্ব উত্তর আফ্রিকা ও দক্ষিণ পশ্চিম এশিয়াতে তাদের প্রভাব বিস্তারে ভূমিকা রাখে। বিশেষত আবুরকির যুদ্ধ (<a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="নীল নদের যুদ্ধ (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">নীল নদের যুদ্ধ</a>) এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ট্রাফালগার যুদ্ধ (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">ট্রাফালগার যুদ্ধের</a> মাধ্যমে তাদের একক আধীপত্য স্থাপিত হয়। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধ">প্রথম</a> ও <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ">দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধকালে</a> ভূমধ্যসাগর নৌযুদ্ধের ক্ষেত্র হয়ে ওঠে।<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>১৮<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>১৮৬৯ সালে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সুয়েজ খাল">সুয়েজ খাল</a> উনমুক্ত হলে তা ইউরপ ও এশিয়ার বাণিজ্যে মৌলিক পরিবর্তন আনে। তখন এশিয়া এর পূর্ব আফ্রিকা হয়ে নতুন দ্রততর নৌপথের সৃষ্টি হয়। এর প্রভাবে ভুমধ্যসাগরীয় বন্দরগুলোর গুরুত্ব বাড়তে থাকে এবং তাদের অর্থনৈতিক জাগরণ দেখা দেয়। ১ম ও ২য় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ, <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সুয়েজ সংকট">সুয়েজ সংকট</a> এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="স্নায়ুযুদ্ধ">স্নায়ুযুদ্ধ</a> আবার দৃষ্টিবিন্দু উত্তর ইউরপের বন্দরের দিকে ফিরিয়ে নেয় এবং দক্ষীনের বন্দরগুলোর প্রভাবে পরিবর্তন দেখা দেয় নতুন সিল্ক রোড ও মুক্ত বাণিজ্য স্থাপনের মাধ্যমে।<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>১৯<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="২১শ_শতক_ও_অভিবাসন"><span id=".E0.A7.A8.E0.A7.A7.E0.A6.B6_.E0.A6.B6.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.95_.E0.A6.93_.E0.A6.85.E0.A6.AD.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.A8"></span>২১শ শতক ও অভিবাসন</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: ২১শ শতক ও অভিবাসন" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> আরও তথ্যের জন্য দেখুন: <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%8F_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="২০১৫-এ ইউরোপীয় অভিবাসী সংকট">২০১৫-এ ইউরোপীয় অভিবাসী সংকট</a> ও <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ইউরোপের অভিবাসি সংকটের সময়রেখা (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">ইউরোপের অভিবাসি সংকটের সময়রেখা</a> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 272px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 270px; height: 110px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -265px; left: -1055px; width: 2200px"> <div class="noresize"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:BlackMarble20161km.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BlackMarble20161km.jpg/2200px-BlackMarble20161km.jpg" decoding="async" width="2200" height="1100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="43200" data-file-height="21600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 2200px;height: 1100px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BlackMarble20161km.jpg/2200px-BlackMarble20161km.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="2200" data-height="1100" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BlackMarble20161km.jpg/3300px-BlackMarble20161km.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BlackMarble20161km.jpg/4400px-BlackMarble20161km.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:BlackMarble20161km.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="চিত্র:BlackMarble20161km.jpg"> </a> </div>রাতে ভুমধ্যসাগরের <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="উপগ্রহ চিত্র">উপগ্রহ চিত্র</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>২০১৩ সালে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মাল্টা">মাল্টার</a> রাষ্ট্রপতি অভিবাসীবাহী নৌকাডুবির ফলে অভিবাসীদের মৃত্যুর কারণে ভুমধ্যসাগরকে একটা কবরস্থান বলেছিলেন।<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>২০<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইউরোপীয় সংসদ">ইউরোপীয় সংসদের</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="সভাপতি">সভাপতি</a> মার্টিন শুলজ ইউরোপের অভিবাসননীতিকে দায়ী করে বলেছিলেন, "ইউরোপ ভূমধ্যসাগরকে একতি কবরস্থানে রূপান্তরিত করেছে।"<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>২১<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আজারবাইজান">আজারবাইজানের</a> এক কর্মকর্তা বলেছিলেন,"এটা এমন এক কবরখানা... যেখানে মানুষ মৃত্যু বরন করে।"<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>২২<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>২০১৩ সালের লাম্পেদুসা অভিবাসীদের জাহাজ ডুবির পর ইতালির সরকার "অপারেশন মারে রস্ট্রাম" নামে ভূমধ্যসাগরে তাদের জাতীয় নজরদারীকে আর জোরদার করেছে। এর উদ্দেশ্য মানবিক বিবেচনায় শরনার্থীদের রক্ষা করা এবং মানবপাচারকারীদের গ্রেফতার করা। শুধু ২০১৫ তেই ১০ লাখেরও বেশি শরনার্থী ইউরোপের উদ্দেশ্যে ভুমধ্যসাগর পাড়ী দিয়েছিলো।<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>২৩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%8F_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="২০১৫-এ ইউরোপীয় অভিবাসী সংকট">ইউরোপীয় অভিবাসী সংকটের</a> সরাসরি প্রভাব ইতালির ওপর পরছিলো। ২০১৩ সালের পর থেকে প্রায় ৭ লক্ষ শরনার্থী ইতালীতে প্রবেশ করেছে,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>২৪<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> যাদের অধীকাংশই সাব-সাহারান আফ্রিকা থেকে এসেছে।<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>২৫<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ভূগোল"><span id=".E0.A6.AD.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.97.E0.A7.8B.E0.A6.B2"></span>ভূগোল</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: ভূগোল" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7327998/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg/180px-STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5275" data-file-height="5222"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 178px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg/180px-STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="180" data-height="178" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg/270px-STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg/360px-STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> উপগ্রহ চিত্রে ভূমধ্যসাগর। নিচের বাম (উত্তর-পশ্চিম) পাশে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="জিব্রাল্টার প্রণালী">জিব্রাল্টার প্রণালী</a> দেখা যাচ্ছে, এর বামে রয়েছে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইউরোপ">ইউরোপের</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইবেরীয় উপদ্বীপ">ইবেরীয় উপদ্বীপ</a>, এবং ডানে রয়েছে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আফ্রিকা">আফ্রিকার</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মাগরেব">মাগরেব</a>। </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0:Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.jpg/180px-Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="653"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 180px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.jpg/180px-Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="180" data-height="180" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.jpg/270px-Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.jpg/360px-Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="তুরস্ক">তুরষ্কের</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="দার্দানেলেস প্রণালী">দার্দানেলেস প্রণালী</a>।<a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ইউরোপ">ইউরোপের</a> উওরাংশ (<a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="থ্রেস">থ্রেস অঞ্চলের</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="গ্যালিপলি">গ্যালিপলি উপদ্বীপ</a>); দক্ষিণে (নীচে)<a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="এশিয়া">এশিয়ার</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আনাতোলিয়া">আনাতোলিয়া</a>। </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>ভূমধ্যসাগর সংযুক্ত করেছেঃ</p> <ol> <li>পশ্চিমে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর">আটলান্টিক</a> মহাসাগরকে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="জিব্রাল্টার প্রণালী">জিব্রালটার</a> প্রণালীর মাধ্যমে (যাকে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="হোমার">হোমার</a> তাঁর লেখায় <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="হারকিউলিস">হারকিউলিক্সের</a> স্তম্ভ হিসেবে উল্লেখ্য করেছেন)।</li> <li>পূর্বে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="দার্দানেলেস প্রণালী">দার্দানেলেস</a> এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="বসফরাস প্রণালী">বসফরাস</a> প্রনালির মাধ্যমে যথাক্রমে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="মার্মারা সাগর">মার্মারা</a> এবং <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="কৃষ্ণ সাগর">কৃষ্ণ</a> সাগরকে।</li> </ol> <p>১৬৩ কিঃমিঃ বা ১০১ মাইল দীর্ঘ্য <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সুয়েজ খাল">সুয়েজ খাল</a> একে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="লোহিত সাগর">লোহিত সাগরের</a> সাথে যুক্ত করেছে কোন প্রকার শিপ লক ছাড়ায়, কারণ এই দুই সাগরের পানির উচ্চতা প্রায় সমান।<sup id="cite_ref-melitensia_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-melitensia-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>২৬<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>২৭<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="প্রান্তিক_সমুদ্র_সমূহ"><span id=".E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.A8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.95_.E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.AE.E0.A7.81.E0.A6.A6.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0_.E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.AE.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.B9"></span>প্রান্তিক সমুদ্র সমূহ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: প্রান্তিক সমুদ্র সমূহ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="বিস্তার"><span id=".E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.B8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B0"></span>বিস্তার</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: বিস্তার" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="হাইড্রোগ্রাফি"><span id=".E0.A6.B9.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.87.E0.A6.A1.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A7.8B.E0.A6.97.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.AB.E0.A6.BF"></span>হাইড্রোগ্রাফি</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ 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minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="একচেটিয়া_অর্থনৈতিক_অঞ্চল"><span id=".E0.A6.8F.E0.A6.95.E0.A6.9A.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.9F.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC.E0.A6.BE_.E0.A6.85.E0.A6.B0.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A5.E0.A6.A8.E0.A7.88.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.95_.E0.A6.85.E0.A6.9E.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.9A.E0.A6.B2"></span>একচেটিয়া অর্থনৈতিক অঞ্চল</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: একচেটিয়া অর্থনৈতিক অঞ্চল" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading 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class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: পানি সঞ্চালন প্রভাবিত করা অন্যান্য ঘটনা" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="জলবায়ু_পরিবর্তন"><span id=".E0.A6.9C.E0.A6.B2.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC.E0.A7.81_.E0.A6.AA.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.B0.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.A8"></span>জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="জৈব-রসায়ন"><span id=".E0.A6.9C.E0.A7.88.E0.A6.AC-.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC.E0.A6.A8"></span>জৈব-রসায়ন</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: জৈব-রসায়ন" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ভূতত্ত্ব"><span id=".E0.A6.AD.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.A4.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A4.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AC"></span>ভূতত্ত্ব</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: ভূতত্ত্ব" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>ভূমধ্যসাগরের ভূতাত্ত্বিক ইতিহাস জটিল। সামুদ্রিক ভূত্বকের অধীনস্থ, সমুদ্র অববাহিকাকে একসময় প্রাচীন <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="টেথিস মহাসাগর (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">টেথিস মহাসাগরের</a> একটি টেকটোনিক অবশিষ্টাংশ বলে মনে করা হত; এটি এখন স্বল্প বয়সী অববাহিকা হিসাবে পরিচিত, যাকে বলা হয় নিওথিস, যা প্রথম ট্রায়াসিক এবং প্রারম্ভিক জুরাসিক সময়ে আফ্রিকান এবং ইউরেশীয় প্লেটের মিলনের ফলে গঠিত হয়। যেহেতু এটি একটি শুষ্ক অঞ্চলের প্রায় স্থলবেষ্টিত জলাধার, তাই ভূমধ্যসাগরে প্রচুর বাষ্পীভবন এবং বাষ্পীভবনের ফলে প্রচুর বৃষ্টিপাত হয়ে থাকে। মেসিনিয়ান লবণাক্ততা সংকট শুরু হয়েছিল প্রায় ৬০ লক্ষ বছর আগে যখন ভূমধ্যসাগর স্থলবেষ্টিত হয়ে যায় এবং তারপরে মূলত শুকিয়ে গিয়েছিলো। তল থেকে দশ লক্ষ ঘন কিলোমিটারেরও বেশি নীচে লবণের আমানত রয়েছে - এই স্তর কিছু জায়গায় তিন কিলোমিটারেরও বেশি পুরু।<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>২৮<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>২৯<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>বিজ্ঞানীরা অনুমান করেন যে সাগরটি শেষবার প্রায় ৫.৩ মিলিয়ন বছর আগে, দুই বছরেরও কম সময়ের মধ্যে <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="জ্যানক্লিয়ান বন্যা (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">জ্যানক্লিয়ান বন্যায়</a> পানিপূর্ণ হয়েছিল। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর">আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর</a> থেকে একটি ভাঙ্গণের ফলে সৃষ্ট নতুন জলপথের মাধ্যম,যাকে এখন <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="জিব্রাল্টার প্রণালী">জিব্রাল্টার প্রণালী</a> বলা হয়,<a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="আমাজন নদী">আমাজন নদীর</a> বর্তমান প্রবাহের চেয়ে প্রায় তিন অর্ডার বেশি মাত্রার (এক হাজার গুণ) পানি ঢুকেছিলো।<sup id="cite_ref-GCetal2009_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GCetal2009-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>৩০<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="টেকটোনিক্স_এবং_প্যালিওএনভায়রনমেন্টাল_বিশ্লেষণ"><span id=".E0.A6.9F.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.95.E0.A6.9F.E0.A7.8B.E0.A6.A8.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.95.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B8_.E0.A6.8F.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.82_.E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B2.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.93.E0.A6.8F.E0.A6.A8.E0.A6.AD.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.A8.E0.A6.AE.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.A8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.9F.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B2_.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.B6.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B2.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.B7.E0.A6.A3"></span>টেকটোনিক্স এবং প্যালিওএনভায়রনমেন্টাল বিশ্লেষণ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: টেকটোনিক্স এবং প্যালিওএনভায়রনমেন্টাল বিশ্লেষণ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="মেসিনিয়ান_লবণাক্ততা_সংকট"><span id=".E0.A6.AE.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.A8.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.A8_.E0.A6.B2.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.A3.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.95.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BE_.E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.82.E0.A6.95.E0.A6.9F"></span>মেসিনিয়ান লবণাক্ততা সংকট</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: মেসিনিয়ান লবণাক্ততা সংকট" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="উদ্ভিদ_ও_প্রাণীজগতের_সুষমকরণ_এবং_বিনিময়"><span id=".E0.A6.89.E0.A6.A6.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AD.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.A6_.E0.A6.93_.E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.A3.E0.A7.80.E0.A6.9C.E0.A6.97.E0.A6.A4.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.B0_.E0.A6.B8.E0.A7.81.E0.A6.B7.E0.A6.AE.E0.A6.95.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.A3_.E0.A6.8F.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.82_.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.A8.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.AE.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC"></span>উদ্ভিদ ও প্রাণীজগতের সুষমকরণ এবং বিনিময়</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: উদ্ভিদ ও প্রাণীজগতের সুষমকরণ এবং বিনিময়" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="একটি_"ভূমধ্যসাগরীয়_জলবায়ু"-তে_স্থানান্তরিত_হওয়া"><span id=".E0.A6.8F.E0.A6.95.E0.A6.9F.E0.A6.BF_.22.E0.A6.AD.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.AE.E0.A6.A7.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.97.E0.A6.B0.E0.A7.80.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC_.E0.A6.9C.E0.A6.B2.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC.E0.A7.81.22-.E0.A6.A4.E0.A7.87_.E0.A6.B8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A5.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.A8.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.A8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.A4_.E0.A6.B9.E0.A6.93.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC.E0.A6.BE"></span>একটি "ভূমধ্যসাগরীয় জলবায়ু"-তে স্থানান্তরিত হওয়া</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: একটি "ভূমধ্যসাগরীয় জলবায়ু"-তে স্থানান্তরিত হওয়া" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="প্যালিওক্লাইমেট"><span id=".E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B2.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.93.E0.A6.95.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B2.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.87.E0.A6.AE.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.9F"></span>প্যালিওক্লাইমেট</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: প্যালিওক্লাইমেট" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="জীববৈচিত্র্য"><span id=".E0.A6.9C.E0.A7.80.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.AC.E0.A7.88.E0.A6.9A.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.A4.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AF"></span>জীববৈচিত্র্য</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: জীববৈচিত্র্য" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="পরিবেশগত_সমস্যা"><span id=".E0.A6.AA.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.AC.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.B6.E0.A6.97.E0.A6.A4_.E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.AE.E0.A6.B8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BE"></span>পরিবেশগত সমস্যা</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: পরিবেশগত সমস্যা" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="প্রাকৃতিক_বিপদসমূহ"><span id=".E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.95.E0.A7.83.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.95_.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.AA.E0.A6.A6.E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.AE.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.B9"></span>প্রাকৃতিক বিপদসমূহ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: প্রাকৃতিক বিপদসমূহ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="আক্রমণকারী_প্রজাতি"><span id=".E0.A6.86.E0.A6.95.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.AE.E0.A6.A3.E0.A6.95.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B0.E0.A7.80_.E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.9C.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF"></span>আক্রমণকারী প্রজাতি</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: আক্রমণকারী প্রজাতি" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="নতুন_গ্রীষ্মমণ্ডলীয়_আটলান্টিক_প্রজাতির_আগমন"><span id=".E0.A6.A8.E0.A6.A4.E0.A7.81.E0.A6.A8_.E0.A6.97.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A7.80.E0.A6.B7.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AE.E0.A6.AE.E0.A6.A3.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A1.E0.A6.B2.E0.A7.80.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC_.E0.A6.86.E0.A6.9F.E0.A6.B2.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.A8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.9F.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.95_.E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A6.9C.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.B0_.E0.A6.86.E0.A6.97.E0.A6.AE.E0.A6.A8"></span>নতুন গ্রীষ্মমণ্ডলীয় আটলান্টিক প্রজাতির আগমন</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: নতুন গ্রীষ্মমণ্ডলীয় আটলান্টিক প্রজাতির আগমন" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="সমুদ্রের_উচ্চতা_বৃদ্ধি"><span id=".E0.A6.B8.E0.A6.AE.E0.A7.81.E0.A6.A6.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.B0_.E0.A6.89.E0.A6.9A.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.9A.E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.BE_.E0.A6.AC.E0.A7.83.E0.A6.A6.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A7.E0.A6.BF"></span>সমুদ্রের উচ্চতা বৃদ্ধি</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: সমুদ্রের উচ্চতা বৃদ্ধি" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="দূষণ"><span id=".E0.A6.A6.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.B7.E0.A6.A3"></span>দূষণ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: দূষণ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="প্লাস্টিক_দূষণ"><span id=".E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B2.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.9F.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.95_.E0.A6.A6.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.B7.E0.A6.A3"></span>প্লাস্টিক দূষণ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: প্লাস্টিক দূষণ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="তথ্যসূত্র"><span id=".E0.A6.A4.E0.A6.A5.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.B8.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.A4.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.B0"></span>তথ্যসূত্র</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="অনুচ্ছেদ সম্পাদনা: তথ্যসূত্র" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>সম্পাদনা</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7391394">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Water_Flow_in_Semienclosed_Seaways-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Water_Flow_in_Semienclosed_Seaways_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pinet, Paul R. (২০০৮)। <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D6TCm8Xy-sLUC%26pg%3DPA220%26lpg%3DPA220"><i>Invitation to Oceanography</i></a>। <i>Paleoceanography</i>। <b>30</b>। Jones & Barlett Learning। পৃষ্ঠা 220। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="আন্তর্জাতিক মান পুস্তক সংখ্যা">আইএসবিএন</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8/978-0-7637-5993-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বিশেষ:বইয়ের উৎস/978-0-7637-5993-3">978-0-7637-5993-3</a>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invitation+to+Oceanography&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Barlett+Learning&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7637-5993-3&rft.aulast=Pinet&rft.aufirst=Paul+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6TCm8Xy-sLUC%26pg%3DPA220%26lpg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ifremer.fr/lobtln/OTHER/ext_abstr_East_Sea_workshop_TLM.pdf">"Microsoft Word — ext_abstr_East_sea_workshop_TLM.doc"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portable_Document_Format?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a>)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৩ এপ্রিল ২০১০</span>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Word+%E2%80%94+ext_abstr_East_sea_workshop_TLM.doc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifremer.fr%2Flobtln%2FOTHER%2Fext_abstr_East_Sea_workshop_TLM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511175309/http://ec.europa.eu/research/headlines/news/article_09_03_19_en.html">"Researchers predict Mediterranean Sea level rise — Headlines — Research – European Commission"</a>। Europa। ১৯ মার্চ ২০০৯। ১১ মে ২০১১ তারিখে <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ec.europa.eu/research/headlines/news/article_09_03_19_en.html">মূল</a> থেকে আর্কাইভ করা<span class="reference-accessdate">। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২৩ এপ্রিল ২০১০</span>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Researchers+predict+Mediterranean+Sea+level+rise+%E2%80%94+Headlines+%E2%80%94+Research+%E2%80%93+European+Commission&rft.pub=Europa&rft.date=2009-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fresearch%2Fheadlines%2Fnews%2Farticle_09_03_19_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">David Abulafia (২০১১)। <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/greatseahumanhis0000abul_o4t7"><i>The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean</i></a>। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Sea%3A+A+Human+History+of+the+Mediterranean&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.au=David+Abulafia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatseahumanhis0000abul_o4t7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rappoport, S. (Doctor of Philosophy, Basel). History of Egypt (undated, early 20th century), Volume 12, Part B, Chapter V: "The Waterways of Egypt", pp. 248–257 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/stream/historyofegyptch12masp%23page/248/mode/2up">online</a>). London: The Grolier Society.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Davidson, Tom (১১ এপ্রিল ২০১৯)। <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/archaeologists-discover-3600-year-old-14286476">"Archaeologists discover 3,600-year-old shipwreck that sunk in a storm"</a>। <i>mirror</i><span class="reference-accessdate">। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৫ মে ২০১৯</span>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mirror&rft.atitle=Archaeologists+discover+3%2C600-year-old+shipwreck+that+sunk+in+a+storm&rft.date=2019-04-11&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirror.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-news%2Farchaeologists-discover-3600-year-old-14286476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dailysabah.com/history/2019/04/08/turkish-archaeologists-discover-worlds-oldest-bronze-age-shipwreck-off-antalya-coast">"Turkish archaeologists discover world's 'oldest' Bronze Age shipwreck off Antalya coast"</a>। <i>DailySabah</i>। ৮ এপ্রিল ২০১৯<span class="reference-accessdate">। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৫ মে ২০১৯</span>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailySabah&rft.atitle=Turkish+archaeologists+discover+world%27s+%27oldest%27+Bronze+Age+shipwreck+off+Antalya+coast&rft.date=2019-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fhistory%2F2019%2F04%2F08%2Fturkish-archaeologists-discover-worlds-oldest-bronze-age-shipwreck-off-antalya-coast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/turkey-3-600-year-old-shipwreck-found-in-mediterranean/1446015">"Turkey: 3,600-year-old shipwreck found in Mediterranean"</a>। <i>www.aa.com.tr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৫ মে ২০১৯</span>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=Turkey%3A+3%2C600-year-old+shipwreck+found+in+Mediterranean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fculture%2Fturkey-3-600-year-old-shipwreck-found-in-mediterranean%2F1446015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Couper, Alastair (২০১৫)। <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DWFVACwAAQBAJ%26q%3DThe%2BGeography%2Bof%2BSea%2BTransport%26pg%3DPA37"><i>The Geography of Sea Transport</i></a>। পৃষ্ঠা 33–37। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="আন্তর্জাতিক মান পুস্তক সংখ্যা">আইএসবিএন</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8/978-1-317-35150-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বিশেষ:বইয়ের উৎস/978-1-317-35150-4">978-1-317-35150-4</a>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geography+of+Sea+Transport&rft.pages=33-37&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-35150-4&rft.aulast=Couper&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWFVACwAAQBAJ%26q%3DThe%2BGeography%2Bof%2BSea%2BTransport%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Balard, Michel (২০০৩)। Bull, Marcus Graham; Edbury, Peter; Phillips, Jonathan, সম্পাদকগণ। <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DJEN-0A3icQUC%26q%3Damalfi%2Bcairo%26pg%3DPA233"><i>The Experience of Crusading, Volume 2 – Defining the Crusader Kingdom</i></a>। Cambridge University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 23–35। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="আন্তর্জাতিক মান পুস্তক সংখ্যা">আইএসবিএন</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8/978-0-521-78151-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বিশেষ:বইয়ের উৎস/978-0-521-78151-0">978-0-521-78151-0</a>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Experience+of+Crusading%2C+Volume+2+%E2%80%93+Defining+the+Crusader+Kingdom&rft.pages=23-35&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-78151-0&rft.aulast=Balard&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJEN-0A3icQUC%26q%3Damalfi%2Bcairo%26pg%3DPA233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Norman_Housley&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Norman Housley (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">Housley, Norman</a> (২০০৬)। <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/contestingcrusad0000hous"><i>Contesting the Crusades</i></a>। Blackwell Publishing। পৃষ্ঠা <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/contestingcrusad0000hous/page/152">152</a>–54। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="আন্তর্জাতিক মান পুস্তক সংখ্যা">আইএসবিএন</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8/978-1-4051-1189-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বিশেষ:বইয়ের উৎস/978-1-4051-1189-8">978-1-4051-1189-8</a>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contesting+the+Crusades&rft.pages=152-54&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-1189-8&rft.aulast=Housley&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontestingcrusad0000hous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brundage, James (২০০৪)। <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DE2CTAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthrough%2Ball%2Bthese%2Bmilitary%2Btriumphs%2Band%2Breverses,%2Bitalian%2Bmerchants%2Bconstituted%2Bthe%2Bmainstay%26pg%3DPT303"><i>Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia</i></a>। Routledge। পৃষ্ঠা 273। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="আন্তর্জাতিক মান পুস্তক সংখ্যা">আইএসবিএন</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8/978-1-135-94880-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বিশেষ:বইয়ের উৎস/978-1-135-94880-1">978-1-135-94880-1</a>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Italy%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-135-94880-1&rft.aulast=Brundage&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE2CTAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthrough%2Ball%2Bthese%2Bmilitary%2Btriumphs%2Band%2Breverses%2C%2Bitalian%2Bmerchants%2Bconstituted%2Bthe%2Bmainstay%26pg%3DPT303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Robert Davis (৫ ডিসেম্বর ২০০৩)। <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/trent_0116405722392"><i>Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="বিনামূল্যে নিবন্ধন প্রয়োজন"> <noscript> <img alt="বিনামূল্যে নিবন্ধন প্রয়োজন" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="বিনামূল্যে নিবন্ধন প্রয়োজন" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span></a></span>। Palgrave Macmillan। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="আন্তর্জাতিক মান পুস্তক সংখ্যা">আইএসবিএন</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8/978-0-333-71966-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বিশেষ:বইয়ের উৎস/978-0-333-71966-4">978-0-333-71966-4</a><span class="reference-accessdate">। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৭ জানুয়ারি ২০১৩</span>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Slaves%2C+Muslim+Masters%3A+White+Slavery+in+the+Mediterranean%2C+the+Barbary+Coast+and+Italy%2C+1500%E2%80%931800&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2003-12-05&rft.isbn=978-0-333-71966-4&rft.au=Robert+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftrent_0116405722392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/white_slaves_01.shtml">"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast"</a>। Bbc.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৭ জানুয়ারি ২০১৩</span>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Slaves+on+the+Barbary+Coast&rft.pub=Bbc.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fempire_seapower%2Fwhite_slaves_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C.I. Gable – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.boglewood.com/timeline/ottomans.html">Constantinople Falls to the Ottoman Turks</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ওয়েব্যাক মেশিন">ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029132035/http://www.boglewood.com/timeline/ottomans.html">আর্কাইভকৃত</a> ২৯ অক্টোবর ২০১৪ তারিখে -<i> Boglewood Timeline</i> – 1998 – Retrieved 3 September 2011.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sephardicstudies.org/ottoemp.html">"History of the Ottoman Empire, an Islamic Nation where Jews Lived"</a> <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ওয়েব্যাক মেশিন">ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018040430/http://www.sephardicstudies.org/ottoemp.html">আর্কাইভকৃত</a> ১৮ অক্টোবর ২০১৪ তারিখে – <i>Sephardic Studies and Culture</i> – Retrieved 3 September 2011.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Guisepi – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311160503/http://history-world.org/ottoman%2520empire.htm">The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors To Empire Builders</a><sup><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F:%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="টেমপ্লেট:অধিগ্রহণকৃত/নথি (পাতার অস্তিত্ব নেই)">[অধিগ্রহণকৃত!]</a></sup> – 1992 – <i>History World International</i> – Retrieved 3 September 2011.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See: Brian Lavery "Nelson's Navy: The Ships, Men, and Organization, 1793–1815" (2013).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Pelletier "A brief history of the Suez Canal" In: Apollo 3 July 2018; Harry de Wilt: Is One Belt, One Road a China crisis for North Sea main ports? in World Cargo News, 17. December 2019; Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstraße (2018), pp 112; Hans Reis "Der Suezkanal – die wichtigste von Menschen geschaffene Wasserstrasse wurde vor 150 Jahren gebaut und war oft umkämpft" In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung 17 November 2019; Bernhard Simon: Can The New Silk Road Compete With The Maritime Silk Road? in The Maritime Executive, 1 January 2020.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/10/13/migrant-deaths-prompt-calls-for-eu-action/">"Migrant deaths prompt calls for EU action"</a>। <i>Al Jazeera – English</i>। ১৩ অক্টোবর ২০১৩<span class="reference-accessdate">। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১৪ মার্চ ২০২২</span>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+%E2%80%93+English&rft.atitle=Migrant+deaths+prompt+calls+for+EU+action&rft.date=2013-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F10%2F13%2Fmigrant-deaths-prompt-calls-for-eu-action%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://euobserver.com/tickers/121894">"Schulz: EU migrant policy 'turned Mediterranean into graveyard<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>। <i>EUobserver</i>। ২৪ অক্টোবর ২০১৩<span class="reference-accessdate">। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১২ ডিসেম্বর ২০১৪</span>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUobserver&rft.atitle=Schulz%3A+EU+migrant+policy+%27turned+Mediterranean+into+graveyard%27&rft.date=2013-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2Ftickers%2F121894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://topnews.az/en/news/148766/Novruz-Mammadov-The-Mediterranean-become-a-burial-ground.html">"Novruz Mammadov: The Mediterranean become a burial ground"</a>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novruz+Mammadov%3A+The+Mediterranean+become+a+burial+ground&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftopnews.az%2Fen%2Fnews%2F148766%2FNovruz-Mammadov-The-Mediterranean-become-a-burial-ground.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2015/12/5683d0b56/million-sea-arrivals-reach-europe-2015.html">"Over one million sea arrivals reach Europe in 2015"</a>। <i>UNHCR – The UN Refugee Agency</i>। ৩০ ডিসেম্বর ২০১৫।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNHCR+%E2%80%93+The+UN+Refugee+Agency&rft.atitle=Over+one+million+sea+arrivals+reach+Europe+in+2015&rft.date=2015-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2Flatest%2F2015%2F12%2F5683d0b56%2Fmillion-sea-arrivals-reach-europe-2015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thelocal.it/20180521/what-will-italys-new-government-mean-for-migrants">"What will Italy's new government mean for migrants?"</a>। <i>The Local Italy</i>। ২১ মে ২০১৮।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local+Italy&rft.atitle=What+will+Italy%27s+new+government+mean+for+migrants%3F&rft.date=2018-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.it%2F20180521%2Fwhat-will-italys-new-government-mean-for-migrants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-migrants-africa/african-migrants-fear-for-future-as-italy-struggles-with-surge-in-arrivals-idUSKBN1A30QD">"African migrants fear for future as Italy struggles with surge in arrivals"</a>। <i>Reuters</i>। ১৮ জুলাই ২০১৭।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=African+migrants+fear+for+future+as+Italy+struggles+with+surge+in+arrivals&rft.date=2017-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-italy-migrants-africa%2Fafrican-migrants-fear-for-future-as-italy-struggles-with-surge-in-arrivals-idUSKBN1A30QD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-melitensia-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-melitensia_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vella, Andrew P. (১৯৮৫)। <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329163002/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Hyphen/Hyphen.%25204%25281985%25295/02.pdf">"Mediterranean Malta"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(পিডিএফ)</span>। <i>Hyphen</i>। <b>4</b> (5): 469–472। ২৯ মার্চ ২০১৭ তারিখে <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Hyphen/Hyphen.%25204(1985)5/02.pdf">মূল</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(পিডিএফ)</span> থেকে আর্কাইভ করা।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hyphen&rft.atitle=Mediterranean+Malta&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=469-472&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Vella&rft.aufirst=Andrew+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmelitensiawth.com%2Fincoming%2FIndex%2FHyphen%2FHyphen.%25204%281985%295%2F02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harald Krachler "Alois Negrelli, der Suezkanalplaner" In: Wiener Zeitung 18 January 1999.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ryan, William B. F. (২০০৯)। "Decoding the Mediterranean salinity crisis"। <i>Sedimentology</i>। <b>56</b> (1): 95–136। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সিম্যান্টিক স্কলার">এসটুসিআইডি</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52266741">52266741</a>। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ডিজিটাল অবজেক্ট আইডেন্টিফায়ার">ডিওআই</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252Fj.1365-3091.2008.01031.x">10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01031.x</a>। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বিবকোড">বিবকোড</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Sedim..56...95R">2009Sedim..56...95R</a>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sedimentology&rft.atitle=Decoding+the+Mediterranean+salinity+crisis&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=95-136&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A52266741&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-3091.2008.01031.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Sedim..56...95R&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=William+B.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">William Ryan (২০০৮)। <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093103/http://eesc.ldeo.columbia.edu/courses/w4937/Readings/Ryan_Messinian_Stratigraphy_2008.pdf">"Modeling the magnitude and timing of evaporative drawdown during the Messinian salinity crisis"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(পিডিএফ)</span>। <i>Stratigraphy</i>। <b>5</b> (3–4): 229। ৪ মার্চ ২০১৬ তারিখে <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://eesc.ldeo.columbia.edu/courses/w4937/Readings/Ryan_Messinian_Stratigraphy_2008.pdf">মূল</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(পিডিএফ)</span> থেকে আর্কাইভ করা<span class="reference-accessdate">। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৫ নভেম্বর ২০১৪</span>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stratigraphy&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+magnitude+and+timing+of+evaporative+drawdown+during+the+Messinian+salinity+crisis&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=229&rft.date=2008&rft.au=William+Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feesc.ldeo.columbia.edu%2Fcourses%2Fw4937%2FReadings%2FRyan_Messinian_Stratigraphy_2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-GCetal2009-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GCetal2009_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Garcia-Castellanos, D.; Estrada, F.; Jiménez-Munt, I.; Gorini, C.; Fernàndez, M.; Vergés, J.; De Vicente, R. (২০০৯)। "Catastrophic flood of the Mediterranean after the Messinian salinity crisis"। <i>Nature</i>। <b>462</b> (7274): 778–781। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="সিম্যান্টিক স্কলার">এসটুসিআইডি</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205218854">205218854</a>। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ডিজিটাল অবজেক্ট আইডেন্টিফায়ার">ডিওআই</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1038%252Fnature08555">10.1038/nature08555</a>। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="পাবমেড আইডেন্টিফায়ার">পিএমআইডি</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010684">20010684</a>। <a href="https://bn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="বিবকোড">বিবকোড</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Natur.462..778G">2009Natur.462..778G</a>।</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Catastrophic+flood+of+the+Mediterranean+after+the+Messinian+salinity+crisis&rft.volume=462&rft.issue=7274&rft.pages=778-781&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature08555&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205218854&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20010684&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Natur.462..778G&rft.aulast=Garcia-Castellanos&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Estrada%2C+F.&rft.au=Jim%C3%A9nez-Munt%2C+I.&rft.au=Gorini%2C+C.&rft.au=Fern%C3%A0ndez%2C+M.&rft.au=Verg%C3%A9s%2C+J.&rft.au=De+Vicente%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbn.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> 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<span>১৯:৪৫, ১১ জানুয়ারি ২০২৫ তারিখে সর্বশেষ সম্পাদিত</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>ভাষা</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B3%25D1%258C%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B6%25D1%258C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D3%2599%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D1%2588%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD" title="Адгьылбжьаратәи амшын - আবখাজিয়ান" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Адгьылбжьаратәи амшын" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="আবখাজিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%258B%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2582" title="Хыгурыт - আদেগে" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Хыгурыт" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="আদেগে" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See - আফ্রিকান" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Middellandse See" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="আফ্রিকান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittelmeer" title="Mittelmeer - সুইস জার্মান" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mittelmeer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="সুইস জার্মান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%259C%25E1%258B%25B5%25E1%2589%25B5%25E1%2588%25AB%25E1%258A%2592%25E1%258B%25AB%25E1%258A%2595_%25E1%2589%25A3%25E1%2588%2595%25E1%2588%25AD" title="ሜድትራኒያን ባሕር - আমহারিক" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሜድትራኒያን ባሕር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="আমহারিক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterrania" title="Mar Mediterrania - আর্গোনিজ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mar Mediterrania" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="আর্গোনিজ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendels%25C7%25A3" title="Wendelsǣ - প্রাচীন ইংরেজী" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wendelsǣ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="প্রাচীন ইংরেজী" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okwaan%25CC%2584_Ile_Mediterenia" title="Okwaan̄ Ile Mediterenia - ওবোলো" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Okwaan̄ Ile Mediterenia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="ওবোলো" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="भूमध्य सागर - আঙ্গিকা" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="আঙ্গিকা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25B6_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B7" title="البحر الأبيض المتوسط - আরবি" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البحر الأبيض المتوسط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="আরবি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%259D%25DC%25A1%25DC%2590_%25DC%25AA%25DC%2592%25DC%2590" title="ܝܡܐ ܪܒܐ - আরামাইক" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܡܐ ܪܒܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="আরামাইক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%258A" title="لبحر الشامي - Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لبحر الشامي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B7" title="البحر المتوسط - Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البحر المتوسط" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A7%2582%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25A7%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF_%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A7%25B0" title="ভূমধ্য সাগৰ - অসমীয়া" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভূমধ্য সাগৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="অসমীয়া" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterraneu" title="Mar Mediterraneu - আস্তুরিয়" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mar Mediterraneu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="আস্তুরিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%258C%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D1%258C%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%258C%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B1_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4" title="Ракьдагьоркьосеб ралъад - আভেরিক" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ракьдагьоркьосеб ралъад" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="আভেরিক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="भूमध्य सागर - আওয়াধি" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="আওয়াধি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aral%25C4%25B1q_d%25C9%2599nizi" title="Aralıq dənizi - আজারবাইজানী" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aralıq dənizi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="আজারবাইজানী" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2582_%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C" title="آرالیق دنیزی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آرالیق دنیزی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D2%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D2%2599" title="Урта диңгеҙ - বাশকির" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Урта диңгеҙ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="বাশকির" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segara_Tengah" title="Segara Tengah - বালিনীয়" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Segara Tengah" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="বালিনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlmeea" title="Middlmeea - Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Middlmeea" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C4%2597dor%25C5%25BEem%25C4%2597_j%25C5%25ABra" title="Vėdoržemė jūra - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vėdoržemė jūra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Mediterraneo" title="Dagat Mediterraneo - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dagat Mediterraneo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D1%2596%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Міжземнае мора - বেলারুশিয়" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міжземнае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="বেলারুশিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D1%2596%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Міжземнае мора - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міжземнае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Средиземно море - বুলগেরিয়" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Средиземно море" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="বুলগেরিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="भूमध्य सागर - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Tangah" title="Laut Tangah - Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Laut Tangah" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterane_Baji" title="Mediterane Baji - বামবারা" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Mediterane Baji" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="বামবারা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2598%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%258C%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%258A%25E0%25BE%25B2%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A1%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BE%2592%25E0%25BE%25B1%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2598%25E0%25BD%259A%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BC%258D" title="མེ་ཌི་ཊྲེ་ནི་ཡིན་རྒྱ་མཚོ། - তিব্বতি" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མེ་ཌི་ཊྲེ་ནི་ཡིན་རྒྱ་མཚོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="তিব্বতি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Kreizdouar" title="Mor Kreizdouar - ব্রেটন" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mor Kreizdouar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ব্রেটন" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredozemno_more" title="Sredozemno more - বসনীয়" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sredozemno more" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="বসনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Газарай дундада тэнгис - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Газарай дундада тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%25C3%25A0nia" title="Mar Mediterrània - কাতালান" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mar Mediterrània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="কাতালান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediteraneo" title="Mar Mediteraneo - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Mar Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25AA-d%25E1%25B9%25B3%25CC%2586ng-h%25C4%2581i" title="Dê-dṳ̆ng-hāi - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-dṳ̆ng-hāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B0%25D1%258C%25D1%2582%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2583%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2585%25D3%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B4" title="Лаьттайуккъера хӀорд - চেচেন" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лаьттайуккъера хӀорд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="চেচেন" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Mediteraneo" title="Dagat Mediteraneo - চেবুয়ানো" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dagat Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="চেবুয়ানো" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="دەریای ناوین - মধ্য কুর্দিশ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەریای ناوین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="মধ্য কুর্দিশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Tarraniu" title="Mari Tarraniu - কর্সিকান" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mari Tarraniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="কর্সিকান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aq_de%25C3%25B1iz" title="Aq deñiz - ক্রিমিয়ান তুর্কি" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Aq deñiz" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="ক্রিমিয়ান তুর্কি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%25C5%2599edozemn%25C3%25AD_mo%25C5%2599e" title="Středozemní moře - চেক" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Středozemní moře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="চেক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strz%25C3%25B3dzemn%25C3%25A9_M%25C3%25B2rze" title="Strzódzemné Mòrze - কাশুবিয়ান" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Strzódzemné Mòrze" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="কাশুবিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25C4%2583%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25C3%25A7%25C4%2595%25D1%2580_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25C4%2595%25D1%2581%25C4%2595" title="Вăтаçĕр тинĕсĕ - চুবাস" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăтаçĕр тинĕсĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="চুবাস" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_M%25C3%25B4r_Canoldir" title="Y Môr Canoldir - ওয়েলশ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Môr Canoldir" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ওয়েলশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="সুপারিশকৃত নিবন্ধ"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelhavet" title="Middelhavet - ডেনিশ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Middelhavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ডেনিশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittelmeer" title="Mittelmeer - জার্মান" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mittelmeer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="জার্মান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deryayo_S%25C4%25B1p%25C3%25AA" title="Deryayo Sıpê - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Deryayo Sıpê" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srjej%25C5%25BAne_m%25C3%25B3rjo" title="Srjejźne mórjo - নিম্নতর সোর্বিয়ান" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Srjejźne mórjo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="নিম্নতর সোর্বিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="भूमध्य सागर - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259C%25CE%25B5%25CF%2583%25CF%258C%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582_%25CE%2598%25CE%25AC%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CF%2583%25CE%25B1" title="Μεσόγειος Θάλασσα - গ্রিক" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεσόγειος Θάλασσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="গ্রিক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25AAr_Mediter%25C3%25A0ni" title="Mêr Mediteràni - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mêr Mediteràni" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea - ইংরেজি" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mediterranean Sea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ইংরেজি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediteraneo" title="Mediteraneo - এস্পেরান্তো" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="এস্পেরান্তো" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%25C3%25A1neo" title="Mar Mediterráneo - স্প্যানিশ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mar Mediterráneo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="স্প্যানিশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahemeri" title="Vahemeri - এস্তোনীয়" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vahemeri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="এস্তোনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterraneoa" title="Mediterraneoa - বাস্ক" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mediterraneoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="বাস্ক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Mediterr%25C3%25A1neu" title="Mari Mediterráneu - Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mari Mediterráneu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2587" title="دریای مدیترانه - ফার্সি" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریای مدیترانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ফার্সি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C3%25A4limeri" title="Välimeri - ফিনিশ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Välimeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ফিনিশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaih%25C3%25B5meri" title="Vaihõmeri - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vaihõmeri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%25C3%25B0jar%25C3%25B0arhavi%25C3%25B0" title="Miðjarðarhavið - ফেরোইস" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Miðjarðarhavið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ফেরোইস" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_M%25C3%25A9diterran%25C3%25A9e" title="Mer Méditerranée - ফরাসি" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mer Méditerranée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ফরাসি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_M%25C3%25A8dit%25C3%25A8rran%25C3%25AA" title="Mar Mèditèrranê - Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mar Mèditèrranê" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madlunsia" title="Madlunsia - উত্তরাঞ্চলীয় ফ্রিসিয়ান" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Madlunsia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="উত্তরাঞ্চলীয় ফ্রিসিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middell%25C3%25A2nske_See" title="Middellânske See - পশ্চিম ফ্রিসিয়ান" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Middellânske See" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="পশ্চিম ফ্রিসিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Mhe%25C3%25A1nmhuir" title="An Mheánmhuir - আইরিশ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Mheánmhuir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="আইরিশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259C%25B0%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%25B5%25B7" title="地中海 - gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="地中海" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanm%25C3%25A8_M%25C3%25A9dit%25C3%25A9ran%25C3%25A9" title="Lanmè Méditérané - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanmè Méditérané" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_Muir_Meadhan-th%25C3%25ACreach" title="Am Muir Meadhan-thìreach - স্কটিশ-গ্যেলিক" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Am Muir Meadhan-thìreach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="স্কটিশ-গ্যেলিক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%25C3%25A1neo" title="Mar Mediterráneo - গ্যালিশিয়" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mar Mediterráneo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="গ্যালিশিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para_Yvy_mbyt%25C3%25A9pe" title="Para Yvy mbytépe - গুয়ারানি" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Para Yvy mbytépe" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="গুয়ারানি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Veanvooir" title="Yn Veanvooir - ম্যাঙ্কস" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Veanvooir" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="ম্যাঙ্কস" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahar_Rum" title="Bahar Rum - হাউসা" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bahar Rum" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="হাউসা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-ch%25C3%25BBng-h%25C3%25B3i" title="Thi-chûng-hói - Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-chûng-hói" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%2599%25D7%259D_%25D7%2594%25D7%25AA%25D7%2599%25D7%259B%25D7%2595%25D7%259F" title="הים התיכון - হিব্রু" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הים התיכון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="হিব্রু" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="भूमध्य सागर - হিন্দি" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="হিন্দি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Samundar" title="Mediterranean Samundar - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mediterranean Samundar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredozemno_more" title="Sredozemno more - ক্রোয়েশীয়" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sredozemno more" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ক্রোয়েশীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srjed%25C5%25BAne_morjo" title="Srjedźne morjo - উচ্চ সোর্বিয়ান" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Srjedźne morjo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="উচ্চ সোর্বিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%25C3%25B6ldk%25C3%25B6zi-tenger" title="Földközi-tenger - হাঙ্গেরীয়" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Földközi-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="হাঙ্গেরীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2584%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BB%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25AF%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25AE%25D5%25B8%25D5%25BE" title="Միջերկրական ծով - আর্মেনিয়" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջերկրական ծով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="আর্মেনিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2584%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BB%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25AF%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D4%25BE%25D5%25B8%25D5%25BE" title="Միջերկրական Ծով - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Միջերկրական Ծով" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterranee" title="Mar Mediterranee - ইন্টারলিঙ্গুয়া" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mar Mediterranee" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ইন্টারলিঙ্গুয়া" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasik_Mediterranean" title="Tasik Mediterranean - ইবান" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Tasik Mediterranean" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ইবান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Tengah" title="Laut Tengah - ইন্দোনেশীয়" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laut Tengah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ইন্দোনেশীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterraneo" title="Mediterraneo - ইন্টারলিঙ্গ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mediterraneo" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="ইন্টারলিঙ্গ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="নির্বাচিত নিবন্ধ"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybay_Mediteraneo" title="Baybay Mediteraneo - ইলোকো" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baybay Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ইলোকো" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B0%25D1%258C%25D1%2582%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25AE%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2584%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B4" title="Лаьттан Юкъера форд - ইঙ্গুশ" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Лаьттан Юкъера форд" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ইঙ্গুশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediteraneo" title="Mediteraneo - ইডো" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ইডো" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%25C3%25B0jar%25C3%25B0arhafi%25C3%25B0" title="Miðjarðarhafið - আইসল্যান্ডীয়" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Miðjarðarhafið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="আইসল্যান্ডীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterraneo" title="Mar Mediterraneo - ইতালিয়" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mar Mediterraneo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ইতালিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259C%25B0%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%25B5%25B7" title="地中海 - জাপানি" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地中海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="জাপানি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meditarienian_Sii" title="Meditarienian Sii - Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Meditarienian Sii" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mijytu%2527a_xamsi" title="mijytu'a xamsi - লোজবান" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mijytu'a xamsi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="লোজবান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagara_Tengah" title="Sagara Tengah - জাভানিজ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sagara Tengah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="জাভানিজ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A8%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2590_%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%25A6%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2590" title="ხმელთაშუა ზღვა - জর্জিয়ান" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხმელთაშუა ზღვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="জর্জিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer_orta_te%25C5%2584izi" title="Jer orta teńizi - কারা-কাল্পাক" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Jer orta teńizi" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="কারা-কাল্পাক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilel_Agrakal" title="Ilel Agrakal - কাবাইলে" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ilel Agrakal" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="কাবাইলে" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A9%25D3%2580%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D1%258A%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583_%25D0%25A5%25D1%258B" title="ЩӀылъэку Хы - কাবার্ডিয়ান" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ЩӀылъэку Хы" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="কাবার্ডিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediteranee_Te%25C5%258Bgu" title="Mediteranee Teŋgu - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mediteranee Teŋgu" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyai_A%25CC%25B1sa%25CC%25B1khwot_Meditaroniya" title="Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Meditaroniya - টিয়াপ" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Meditaroniya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="টিয়াপ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawok_Mediterania" title="Lawok Mediterania - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Lawok Mediterania" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D2%25A3%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D1%2596" title="Жерорта теңізі - কাজাখ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жерорта теңізі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="কাজাখ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%2598%25E1%259E%25BB%25E1%259E%2591%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%2598%25E1%259F%2581%25E1%259E%258C%25E1%259E%25B8%25E1%259E%2591%25E1%259F%2582%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259F%2589%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%258E%25E1%259F%2581" title="សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ាណេ - খমের" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ាណេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="খমের" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B3%2586%25E0%25B2%25A1%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%259F%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%2587%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B3%2581%25E0%25B2%25A6%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0" title="ಮೆಡಿಟರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸಮುದ್ರ - কন্নড়" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಡಿಟರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸಮುದ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="কন্নড়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25A7%2580%25EC%25A4%2591%25ED%2595%25B4" title="지중해 - কোরিয়ান" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지중해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="কোরিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D1%2583%25D1%2588%25D3%25A7%25D1%2580_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B7" title="Мушӧр саридз - কমি-পারমিআক" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мушӧр саридз" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="কমি-পারমিআক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deryaya_Nav%25C3%25AEn" title="Deryaya Navîn - কুর্দিশ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Deryaya Navîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="কুর্দিশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Kres" title="Mor Kres - কর্ণিশ" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mor Kres" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="কর্ণিশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580_%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2583%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D2%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7" title="Жер ортолук деңиз - কির্গিজ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жер ортолук деңиз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="কির্গিজ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Mediterraneum" title="Mare Mediterraneum - লাতিন" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mare Mediterraneum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="লাতিন" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterranea" title="Mar Mediterranea - লাদিনো" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Mar Mediterranea" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="লাদিনো" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25ABttelmier" title="Mëttelmier - লুক্সেমবার্গীয়" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mëttelmier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="লুক্সেমবার্গীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediteraneo" title="Mar Mediteraneo - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mar Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea - গান্ডা" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Mediterranean Sea" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="গান্ডা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellandse_Zie" title="Middellandse Zie - লিম্বুর্গিশ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Middellandse Zie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="লিম্বুর্গিশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25A2_Mediterraneo" title="Mâ Mediterraneo - লিগুরিয়ান" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mâ Mediterraneo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="লিগুরিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_Mediteran" title="Mer Mediteran - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mer Mediteran" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterrani" title="Mar Mediterrani - লম্বার্ড" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mar Mediterrani" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="লম্বার্ড" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediteran%25C3%25A9" title="Mediterané - লিঙ্গালা" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mediterané" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="লিঙ্গালা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%25A5%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%25A1%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%25B5%25E0%25BB%2581%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%25A3%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2599" title="ທະເລເມດີແຕຣາເນ - লাও" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທະເລເມດີແຕຣາເນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="লাও" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidur%25C5%25BEemio_j%25C5%25ABra" title="Viduržemio jūra - লিথুয়েনীয়" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viduržemio jūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="লিথুয়েনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidusj%25C5%25ABra" title="Vidusjūra - লাত্‌ভীয়" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vidusjūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="লাত্‌ভীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="भूमध्य सागर - মৈথিলি" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="মৈথিলি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranomasina_Mediteranea" title="Ranomasina Mediteranea - মালাগাসি" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ranomasina Mediteranea" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="মালাগাসি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D2%25A5%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7" title="Мландыпокшел теҥыз - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мландыпокшел теҥыз" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauik_Mediterania" title="Lauik Mediterania - মিনাংকাবাউ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lauik Mediterania" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="মিনাংকাবাউ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Средоземно Море - ম্যাসিডোনীয়" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Средоземно Море" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ম্যাসিডোনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A7%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%25A7%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25A3%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B4%25E0%25B4%25BF" title="മദ്ധ്യധരണ്യാഴി - মালায়ালাম" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മദ്ധ്യധരണ്യാഴി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="মালায়ালাম" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Газар дундын тэнгис - মঙ্গোলিয়" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Газар дундын тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="মঙ্গোলিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="भूमध्य समुद्र - মারাঠি" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भूमध्य समुद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="মারাঠি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D3%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D3%2593%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D3%25B9_%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D1%2588%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D1%2588_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D1%258B%25D0%25B6" title="Мӱлӓндӹ лоштыш тангыж - Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мӱлӓндӹ лоштыш тангыж" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Mediterranean" title="Laut Mediterranean - মালয়" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laut Mediterranean" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="মালয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterran" title="Mediterran - মল্টিয়" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mediterran" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="মল্টিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%25C3%25A1neo" title="Mar Mediterráneo - মিরান্ডিজ" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Mar Mediterráneo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="মিরান্ডিজ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%25B2%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25BA" title="မြေထဲပင်လယ် - বর্মি" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြေထဲပင်လယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="বর্মি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2587_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="مدیترانه دریا - মাজানদেরানি" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مدیترانه دریا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="মাজানদেরানি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterraneo" title="Mar Mediterraneo - নেয়াপোলিটান" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mar Mediterraneo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="নেয়াপোলিটান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellannsche_See" title="Middellannsche See - নিম্ন জার্মানি" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Middellannsche See" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="নিম্ন জার্মানি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellaanse_Zee" title="Middellaanse Zee - লো স্যাক্সন" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Middellaanse Zee" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="লো স্যাক্সন" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="भूमध्य सागर - নেপালী" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="নেপালী" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="मेडिटेरेनियन सागर - নেওয়ারি" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मेडिटेरेनियन सागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="নেওয়ারি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellandse_Zee" title="Middellandse Zee - ওলন্দাজ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Middellandse Zee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ওলন্দাজ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelhavet" title="Middelhavet - নরওয়েজিয়ান নিনর্স্ক" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Middelhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="নরওয়েজিয়ান নিনর্স্ক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelhavet" title="Middelhavet - নরওয়েজিয়ান বোকমাল" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Middelhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="নরওয়েজিয়ান বোকমাল" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25A9_du_Mitan" title="Mé du Mitan - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mé du Mitan" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay%25C3%25B3%25C3%25B3%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A1t%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A9_T%25C3%25B3nteel" title="Ayóóʼátʼé Tónteel - নাভাজো" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ayóóʼátʼé Tónteel" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="নাভাজো" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanja_Yamchere" title="Nyanja Yamchere - নায়াঞ্জা" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Nyanja Yamchere" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="নায়াঞ্জা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="নির্বাচিত নিবন্ধ"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%25C3%25A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa - অক্সিটান" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mar Mediterranèa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="অক্সিটান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaana_Meditiraaniyaanii" title="Galaana Meditiraaniyaanii - অরোমো" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Galaana Meditiraaniyaanii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="অরোমো" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25C3%25A6%25D1%2585%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25C3%25A6%25D1%2583%25D1%258B_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7" title="Зæххастæуы денджыз - ওসেটিক" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зæххастæуы денджыз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ওসেটিক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AD%25E0%25A9%2582%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%25A7_%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A8%25B0" title="ਭੂਮੱਧ ਸਾਗਰ - পাঞ্জাবী" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੂਮੱਧ ਸਾਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="পাঞ্জাবী" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterraneo_Dayat_Malat" title="Mediterraneo Dayat Malat - পাম্পাঙ্গা" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mediterraneo Dayat Malat" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="পাম্পাঙ্গা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Mediter%25C3%25A1neo" title="Laman Mediteráneo - পাপিয়ামেন্টো" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Laman Mediteráneo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="পাপিয়ামেন্টো" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25A8r_M%25C3%25A9diterran%25C3%25A8e" title="Mèr Méditerranèe - Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Mèr Méditerranèe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morze_%25C5%259Ar%25C3%25B3dziemne" title="Morze Śródziemne - পোলিশ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morze Śródziemne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="পোলিশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterani" title="Mar Mediterani - Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mar Mediterani" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1" title="رومی سمندر - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رومی سمندر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259C%25CE%25B5%25CF%2583%25CF%258C%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BD_%25CE%2598%25CE%25AC%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CF%2583%25CE%25B1" title="Μεσόγειον Θάλασσα - Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μεσόγειον Θάλασσα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%2590_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DA%25AB%25DB%258C" title="مدیترانې سمندرګی - পাশতু" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مدیترانې سمندرګی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="পাশতু" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%25C3%25A2neo" title="Mar Mediterrâneo - পর্তুগীজ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mar Mediterrâneo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="পর্তুগীজ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allpapura_hatun_qucha" title="Allpapura hatun qucha - কেচুয়া" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Allpapura hatun qucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="কেচুয়া" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterrana" title="Mar Mediterrana - রোমান্স" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Mar Mediterrana" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="রোমান্স" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marea_Mediteran%25C4%2583" title="Marea Mediterană - রোমানীয়" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marea Mediterană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="রোমানীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarea_Mediteran%25C3%25A2" title="Amarea Mediteranâ - আরোমেনিয়" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Amarea Mediteranâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="আরোমেনিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%25C3%25A8e" title="Mar Mediterranèe - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mar Mediterranèe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Средиземное море - রুশ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Средиземное море" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="রুশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Середоземне море - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Середоземне море" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580_%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B0%25D2%2595%25D1%258B_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D2%2595%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB" title="Сир ортотунааҕы байҕал - শাখা" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сир ортотунааҕы байҕал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="শাখা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%259B_%25E1%25B1%259B%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%259E%25E1%25B1%259F_%25E1%25B1%25AB%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259F" title="ᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ - সাঁওতালি" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="সাঁওতালি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Mediterr%25C3%25A0neu" title="Mare Mediterràneu - সার্ডিনিয়ান" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mare Mediterràneu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="সার্ডিনিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Meditirr%25C3%25A0niu" title="Mari Meditirràniu - সিসিলিয়ান" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mari Meditirràniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="সিসিলিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterrane_Sea" title="Mediterrane Sea - স্কটস" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mediterrane Sea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="স্কটস" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%258A_(%25DA%2580%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25DA%2586)_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25DA%258A" title="رومي (ڀونوچ) سمنڊ - সিন্ধি" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رومي (ڀونوچ) سمنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="সিন্ধি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredozemno_more" title="Sredozemno more - সার্বো-ক্রোয়েশিয়" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sredozemno more" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="সার্বো-ক্রোয়েশিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ill_Agrakal" title="Ill Agrakal - তাচেলহিত" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ill Agrakal" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="তাচেলহিত" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B6%25B0%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B6%25B0%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B6%25AB%25E0%25B7%2593_%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B7%2594%25E0%25B7%2584%25E0%25B7%2594%25E0%25B6%25AF" title="මධ්‍යධරණී මුහුද - সিংহলী" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මධ්‍යධරණී මුහුද" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="সিংহলী" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mediterranean Sea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stredozemn%25C3%25A9_more" title="Stredozemné more - স্লোভাক" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stredozemné more" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="স্লোভাক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredozemsko_morje" title="Sredozemsko morje - স্লোভেনীয়" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sredozemsko morje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="স্লোভেনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosk%25C3%25A2meer%25C3%25A2" title="Koskâmeerâ - ইনারি সামি" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Koskâmeerâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ইনারি সামি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhahari_re_Medhiteraniya" title="Bhahari re Medhiteraniya - শোনা" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhahari re Medhiteraniya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="শোনা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bada_Dhexe" title="Bada Dhexe - সোমালি" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bada Dhexe" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="সোমালি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deti_Mesdhe" title="Deti Mesdhe - আলবেনীয়" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Deti Mesdhe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="আলবেনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Средоземно море - সার্বীয়" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Средоземно море" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="সার্বীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea - দক্ষিন সোথো" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Mediterranean Sea" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="দক্ষিন সোথো" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelmeer" title="Middelmeer - Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Middelmeer" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Tengah" title="Laut Tengah - সুদানী" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Laut Tengah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="সুদানী" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medelhavet" title="Medelhavet - সুইডিশ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medelhavet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="সুইডিশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Mediteranea" title="Bahari ya Mediteranea - সোয়াহিলি" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Mediteranea" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="সোয়াহিলি" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strz%25C5%25AFd%25C5%25BAymne_Morze" title="Strzůdźymne Morze - সিলেশিয়ান" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Strzůdźymne Morze" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="সিলেশিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D" title="நடுநிலக் கடல் - তামিল" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடுநிலக் கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="তামিল" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B0%25A7%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%25A7%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25BE_%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B1%2581%25E0%25B0%25A6%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%2582" title="మధ్యధరా సముద్రం - তেলুগু" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మధ్యధరా సముద్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="তেলুগু" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D2%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2591%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD" title="Баҳри миёназамин - তাজিক" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баҳри миёназамин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="তাজিক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2599" title="ทะเลเมดิเตอร์เรเนียน - থাই" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทะเลเมดิเตอร์เรเนียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="থাই" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orta%25C3%25BDer_de%25C5%2588zi" title="Ortaýer deňzi - তুর্কমেনী" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ortaýer deňzi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="তুর্কমেনী" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Mediteraneo" title="Dagat Mediteraneo - তাগালগ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dagat Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="তাগালগ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akdeniz" title="Akdeniz - তুর্কী" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akdeniz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="তুর্কী" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwandle_ra_Meditera" title="Lwandle ra Meditera - সঙ্গা" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Lwandle ra Meditera" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="সঙ্গা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D2%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7" title="Урта диңгез - তাতার" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Урта диңгез" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="তাতার" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D1%258C" title="Средиземной зарезь - উডমুর্ট" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Средиземной зарезь" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="উডমুর্ট" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25A6%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AA%25DB%2587%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25AF%25DB%2590%25DA%25AD%25D9%2589%25D8%25B2%25D9%2589" title="يەر ئوتتۇرا دېڭىزى - উইঘুর" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يەر ئوتتۇرا دېڭىزى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="উইঘুর" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Середземне море - ইউক্রেনীয়" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Середземне море" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ইউক্রেনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DB%2581_%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2585" title="بحیرہ روم - উর্দু" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ روم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="উর্দু" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%25CA%25BBrta_yer_dengizi" title="Oʻrta yer dengizi - উজবেক" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻrta yer dengizi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="উজবেক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediteraneo" title="Mar Mediteraneo - ভেনেশিয়ান" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mar Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ভেনেশিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keskmeri" title="Keskmeri - Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Keskmeri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%2590%25E1%25BB%258Ba_Trung_H%25E1%25BA%25A3i" title="Địa Trung Hải - ভিয়েতনামী" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa Trung Hải" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ভিয়েতনামী" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellandsche_Z%25C3%25AAe" title="Middellandsche Zêe - West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Middellandsche Zêe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%25C3%25A4nodamel" title="Zänodamel - ভোলাপুক" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Zänodamel" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ভোলাপুক" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25AEtrinne_Mer" title="Mîtrinne Mer - ওয়ালুন" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mîtrinne Mer" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ওয়ালুন" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Mediteraneo" title="Dagat Mediteraneo - ওয়ারে" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dagat Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ওয়ারে" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25A9ej_gu_Diggu" title="Géej gu Diggu - ওলোফ" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Géej gu Diggu" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ওলোফ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259C%25B0%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%25B5%25B7" title="地中海 - উ চীনা" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地中海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="উ চীনা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A8%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2590_%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A6%25E1%2583%2590" title="სქირონაშქა ზუღა - Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სქირონაშქა ზუღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%2599%25D7%2598%25D7%259C%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A0%25D7%2593%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8_%25D7%2599%25D7%259D" title="מיטלענדישער ים - ইদ্দিশ" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מיטלענדישער ים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ইদ্দিশ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2592kun_M%25E1%25BA%25B9dit%25C3%25A9r%25C3%25A1n%25C3%25AC" title="Òkun Mẹditéránì - ইওরুবা" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òkun Mẹditéránì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ইওরুবা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellanse_Ze%25C3%25AA" title="Middellanse Zeê - Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Middellanse Zeê" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B5%258D_%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B4%25B3%25E2%25B5%2594%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B4%25BD%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258D" title="ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ - আদর্শ মরক্কোন তামাজিগাত" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="আদর্শ মরক্কোন তামাজিগাত" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259C%25B0%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%25B5%25B7" title="地中海 - চীনা" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地中海" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="চীনা" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259C%25B0%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%25B5%25B7" title="地中海 - Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="地中海" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan 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