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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_Nasser's_presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>During Nasser's presidency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_Nasser's_presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Presidency</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Presidency subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corrective_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corrective_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Corrective Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corrective_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yom_Kippur_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yom_Kippur_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Yom Kippur War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yom_Kippur_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peace_with_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peace_with_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Peace with Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peace_with_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_of_Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_of_Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Relationship with Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi of Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_of_Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Assassination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_portrayals_of_Anwar_Sadat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_portrayals_of_Anwar_Sadat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Media portrayals of Anwar Sadat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_portrayals_of_Anwar_Sadat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_awarded" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_awarded"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Honours awarded</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honours_awarded-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honours awarded subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honours_awarded-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>National</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Foreign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anwar Sadat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="محمد أنور السادات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد أنور السادات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_el-Sadat" title="Anwar el-Sadat – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anwar el-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_el-Sadat" title="Anwar el-Sadat – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Anwar el-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fnv%C9%99r_Sadat" title="Ənvər Sadat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ənvər Sadat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="আনোয়ার সাদাত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আনোয়ার সাদাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BD%D2%AF%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Әнүәр Саҙат – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әнүәр Саҙат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Анвар Садат – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Анвар Садат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Анвар Садат – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Анвар Садат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ануар Садат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ануар Садат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_el-Sadat" title="Anwar el-Sadat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Anwar el-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_el-Sadat" title="Anwar el-Sadat – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Anwar el-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80nwar_el-Sadat" title="Ànwar el-Sadat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ànwar el-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvar_as-S%C3%A1d%C3%A1t" title="Anvar as-Sádát – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anvar as-Sádát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_as-Sadat" title="Anwar as-Sadat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anwar as-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_as-S%C4%81d%C4%81t" title="Anwar as-Sādāt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Anwar as-Sādāt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CF%81_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%84" title="Ανουάρ Σαντάτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανουάρ Σαντάτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_el-Sadat" title="Anwar el-Sadat – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anwar el-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C5%ADar_as-Sadat" title="Anŭar as-Sadat – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anŭar as-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anuar_as_Sadat" title="Anuar as Sadat – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anuar as Sadat" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="انور سادات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انور سادات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anouar_el-Sadate" title="Anouar el-Sadate – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anouar el-Sadate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_El_Sadat" title="Anwar El Sadat – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Anwar El Sadat" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_el-Sadat" title="Anwar el-Sadat – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anwar el-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EC%99%80%EB%A5%B4_%EC%82%AC%EB%8B%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="안와르 사다트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안와르 사다트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A9" title="Անվար Սադաթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անվար Սադաթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="अनवर अल-सदात – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अनवर अल-सदात" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvar_el-Sadat" title="Anvar el-Sadat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anvar el-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_al-Sadat" title="Anwar al-Sadat – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anwar al-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%93%D7%90%D7%AA" title="אנואר סאדאת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנואר סאדאת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ანვარ ალ-სადათი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანვარ ალ-სადათი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Әнуар Садат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әнуар Садат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enwer_Sedat" title="Enwer Sedat – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Enwer Sedat" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Анвар Садат – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Анвар Садат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_al-S%C4%81d%C4%81t" title="Anwar al-Sādāt – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anwar al-Sādāt" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvars_S%C4%81d%C4%81ts" title="Anvars Sādāts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Anvars Sādāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_as-Sadat" title="Anwar as-Sadat – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Anwar as-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_al-Sadat" title="Anwar al-Sadat – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Anwar al-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_al-Sadat" title="Anwar al-Sadat – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Anwar al-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvar_Sz%C3%A1d%C3%A1t" title="Anvar Szádát – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anvar Szádát" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="അൻവർ സാദാത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അൻവർ സാദാത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="अन्वर अल सादात – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अन्वर अल सादात" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ანვარ სადათი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანვარ სადათი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="محمد انور السادات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد انور السادات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="انور سادات – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="انور سادات" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Анвар Садат – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Анвар Садат" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="अनवर सादात – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अनवर सादात" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="अन्वर अल-सदात – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अन्वर अल-सदात" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="アンワル・アッ＝サーダート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンワル・アッ＝サーダート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_es-Sadat" title="Anwar es-Sadat – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Anwar es-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvar_Sadat" title="Anvar Sadat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Anvar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਅਨਵਰ ਸਾਦਾਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਨਵਰ ਸਾਦਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="انور سادات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انور سادات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="انور سادات – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انور سادات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_as-Sadat" title="Anwar as-Sadat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anwar as-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Al_Sadat" title="Anwar Al Sadat – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anwar Al Sadat" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Садат, Анвар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Садат, Анвар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="अनवर सादात – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अनवर सादात" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enver_es-Sadat" title="Enver es-Sadat – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Enver es-Sadat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A" title="අන්වර් සදාත් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අන්වර් සදාත්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_as-S%C3%A1d%C3%A1t" title="Anwar as-Sádát – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Anwar as-Sádát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvar_Sadat" title="Anvar Sadat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Anvar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ئەنوەر سادات – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەنوەر سادات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Анвар ел Садат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Анвар ел Садат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvar_Sadat" title="Anvar Sadat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Anvar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="அன்வர் சாதாத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அன்வர் சாதாத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="అన్వర్ సాదత్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అన్వర్ సాదత్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95" title="อันวัร อัสซาดาต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันวัร อัสซาดาต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Анвар Содот – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Анвар Содот" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enver_Sedat" title="Enver Sedat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Enver Sedat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Анвар Садат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Анвар Садат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="انور سادات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انور سادات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Al-Sadad" title="Anwar Al-Sadad – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anwar Al-Sadad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Anwar Sadat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E7%89%B9" title="穆罕默德·安瓦尔·萨达特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="穆罕默德·安瓦尔·萨达特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%93%D7%90%D7%98" title="אנוואר סאדאט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אנוואר סאדאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_El_Sadat" title="Anwar El Sadat – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Anwar El Sadat" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9" title="穆罕默德·安瓦·沙特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="穆罕默德·安瓦·沙特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E9%81%94%E7%89%B9" title="穆罕默德·安瓦爾·薩達特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆罕默德·安瓦爾·薩達特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fnv%C9%99r_S%C9%99dat" title="Ənvər Sədat – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ənvər Sədat" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42013#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Anwar Sadat</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">أنور السادات</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg/220px-Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg/330px-Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg/440px-Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="808" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Sadat in 1980</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">President of Egypt</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 October 1970 – 6 October 1981<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting: 28 September – 15 October 1970</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>See list</i></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Fawzi" title="Mahmoud Fawzi">Mahmoud Fawzi</a> (1970–1972) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sedki" class="mw-redirect" title="Aziz Sedki">Aziz Sedki</a> (1972–1973) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Himself (1973–1974) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_Mohamed_Hegazy" title="Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy">Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy</a> (1974–1975) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mamdouh_Salem" title="Mamdouh Salem">Mamdouh Salem</a> (1975–1978) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Khalil" title="Mustafa Khalil">Mustafa Khalil</a> (1978–1980) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Himself (1980–1981) </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Egypt">Vice President</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>See list</i></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Hussein_el-Shafei" title="Hussein el-Shafei">Hussein el-Shafei</a> (1970–1973) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sabri" title="Ali Sabri">Ali Sabri</a> (1970–1971) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Fawzi" title="Mahmoud Fawzi">Mahmoud Fawzi</a> (1972–1974) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> (1975–1981) </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sufi_Abu_Taleb" title="Sufi Abu Taleb">Sufi Abu Taleb</a> (acting)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">37th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime Minister of Egypt</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 May 1980 – 6 October 1981</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Khalil" title="Mustafa Khalil">Mustafa Khalil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 March 1973 – 25 September 1974</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sedki" class="mw-redirect" title="Aziz Sedki">Aziz Sedki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_Mohamed_Hegazy" title="Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy">Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Egypt">Vice President of Egypt</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 December 1969 – 14 October 1970</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hussein_el-Shafei" title="Hussein el-Shafei">Hussein el-Shafei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sabri" title="Ali Sabri">Ali Sabri</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 February 1964 – 26 March 1964</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hussein_el-Shafei" title="Hussein el-Shafei">Hussein el-Shafei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zakaria_Mohieddin" title="Zakaria Mohieddin">Zakaria Mohieddin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_People%27s_Assembly_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the People's Assembly of Egypt">Speaker of the National Assembly of Egypt</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 July 1960 – 20 January 1969</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Latif_Boghdadi_(politician)" title="Abdel Latif Boghdadi (politician)">Abdel Latif Boghdadi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Mohamed Labib Skokeir</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">محمد أنور السادات</span></span></div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1918-12-25</span>)</span>25 December 1918<br /><a href="/wiki/Monufia_Governorate" title="Monufia Governorate">Monufia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Sultanate of Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 October 1981<span style="display:none">(1981-10-06)</span> (aged 62)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manner of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Anwar_Sadat" title="Assassination of Anwar Sadat">Assassination</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Unknown_Soldier_Memorial_(Egypt)" title="Unknown Soldier Memorial (Egypt)">Unknown Soldier Memorial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Egypt)" title="National Democratic Party (Egypt)">National Democratic Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Egypt)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)">Arab Socialist Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Eqbal Afifi<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(separated)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Sadat" title="Jehan Sadat">Jehan Sadat</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1949)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Military_Academy" title="Egyptian Military Academy">Egyptian Military Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anwar Sadat's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg/109px-Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg/164px-Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg/218px-Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">Egypt</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt"><img alt="Kingdom of Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Royal Egyptian Army</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Egypt_%281972%E2%80%931984%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281972%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Egypt_%281972%E2%80%931984%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281972%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Egypt_%281972%E2%80%931984%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281972%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Army" title="Egyptian Army">Egyptian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1938–1952</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KEgypt-Army-OF-05.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/KEgypt-Army-OF-05.svg/25px-KEgypt-Army-OF-05.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/KEgypt-Army-OF-05.svg/38px-KEgypt-Army-OF-05.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/KEgypt-Army-OF-05.svg/50px-KEgypt-Army-OF-05.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> (active)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt_Army_-_OF10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Egypt_Army_-_OF10.svg/25px-Egypt_Army_-_OF10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Egypt_Army_-_OF10.svg/38px-Egypt_Army_-_OF10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Egypt_Army_-_OF10.svg/50px-Egypt_Army_-_OF10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="553" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> (honorary)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Anwar_Sadat_voice.ogg" title="File:Anwar Sadat voice.ogg">Anwar Sadat's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="110" data-mwtitle="Anwar_Sadat_voice.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Anwar_Sadat_voice.ogg/Anwar_Sadat_voice.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Anwar_Sadat_voice.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sadat on <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Egypt–United States relations">Egypt–United States relations</a><br />Recorded 6 August 1981</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#105338;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg/75px-Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg/113px-Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg/150px-Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="808" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#105338;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Anwar Sadat</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Early_life_and_revolutionary_activities">Early life and revolutionary activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Anwar_Sadat" title="Assassination of Anwar Sadat">Assassination</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_Anwar_Sadat" title="History of Egypt under Anwar Sadat">Presidency</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Revolution_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrective Revolution (Egypt)">Corrective Revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infitah" title="Infitah">Infitah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Egyptian_bread_riots" title="1977 Egyptian bread riots">1977 Egyptian bread riots</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Family</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Sadat" title="Jehan Sadat">Jehan Sadat</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef_Sadat" title="Atef Sadat">Atef Sadat</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaat_Sadat" title="Talaat Sadat">Talaat Sadat</a> (nephew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Anwar_Esmat_Sadat" title="Mohamed Anwar Esmat Sadat">Mohamed Anwar Esmat Sadat</a> (nephew)</li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Portrayals</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Days_of_Sadat" title="The Days of Sadat">The Days of Sadat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadat_(miniseries)" title="Sadat (miniseries)">Sadat (miniseries)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Legacy</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadat_Museum" title="Sadat Museum">Sadat Museum</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg/100px-Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg/150px-Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg/200px-Anwar_El_Sadat_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="44" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_of_the_President_of_United_Arab_Republic_(1958%E2%80%931971).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Standard_of_the_President_of_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/60px-Standard_of_the_President_of_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Standard_of_the_President_of_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/90px-Standard_of_the_President_of_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Standard_of_the_President_of_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/120px-Standard_of_the_President_of_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Standard_of_Egypt_1972-1984.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Presidential_Standard_of_Egypt_1972-1984.svg/60px-Presidential_Standard_of_Egypt_1972-1984.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Presidential_Standard_of_Egypt_1972-1984.svg/90px-Presidential_Standard_of_Egypt_1972-1984.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Presidential_Standard_of_Egypt_1972-1984.svg/120px-Presidential_Standard_of_Egypt_1972-1984.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anwar_Sadat" title="Template:Anwar Sadat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anwar_Sadat" title="Template talk:Anwar Sadat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anwar_Sadat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anwar Sadat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third <a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">president of Egypt</a>, from 15 October 1970 until <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Anwar_Sadat" title="Assassination of Anwar Sadat">his assassination</a> by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was a senior member of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Officers_Movement_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Officers Movement (Egypt)">Free Officers</a> who overthrew King <a href="/wiki/Farouk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Farouk I">Farouk I</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Revolution of 1952">Egyptian Revolution of 1952</a>, and a close confidant of President <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>, under whom he served as <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Egypt">vice president</a> twice and whom he succeeded as president in 1970. In 1978, Sadat and <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a>, Prime Minister of Israel, signed a peace treaty in cooperation with United States President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, for which they were recognized with the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a>. </p><p>In his 11 years as president, he changed <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>'s trajectory, departing from many political and economic tenets of <a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a>, reinstituting a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>, and launching the <a href="/wiki/Infitah" title="Infitah">Infitah</a> economic policy. As President, he led Egypt in the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> of 1973 to regain Egypt's <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> had occupied since the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> of 1967, making him a hero in Egypt and, for a time, the wider <a href="/wiki/Arab_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab World">Arab World</a>. Afterwards, he engaged in negotiations with Israel, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a>; this won him and Menachem Begin the Nobel Peace Prize, making Sadat the first <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> Nobel laureate. </p><p>Although reaction to the treaty – which resulted in the return of Sinai to Egypt – was generally favorable among Egyptians,<sup id="cite_ref-constu_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was rejected by the country's <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt">Muslim Brotherhood</a> and the left, which felt Sadat had abandoned efforts to ensure a <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-constu_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the exception of Sudan, the Arab world and the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO) strongly opposed Sadat's efforts to make a separate peace with Israel without prior consultations with the Arab states.<sup id="cite_ref-constu_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His refusal to reconcile with them over the Palestinian issue resulted in Egypt being suspended from the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> from 1979 to 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peace treaty was also one of the primary factors that led to his assassination; on 6 October 1981, militants led by <a href="/wiki/Khalid_Islambouli" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalid Islambouli">Khalid Islambouli</a> opened fire on Sadat with automatic rifles during the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Anwar_Sadat" title="Assassination of Anwar Sadat">6 October</a> parade in Cairo, killing him. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_revolutionary_activities">Early life and revolutionary activities</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sadat_young.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sadat_young.gif/170px-Sadat_young.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sadat_young.gif/255px-Sadat_young.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sadat_young.gif/340px-Sadat_young.gif 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>Sadat graduating from the military college in 1938</figcaption></figure> <p>Anwar Sadat was born on 25 December 1918 in <a href="/wiki/Mit_Abu_El_Kom" title="Mit Abu El Kom">Mit Abu El Kom</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Monufia_Governorate" title="Monufia Governorate">Monufia Governorate</a> in what was then the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Sultanate of Egypt</a>, to a poor family, and he had 14 siblings.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his brothers, <a href="/wiki/Atef_Sadat" title="Atef Sadat">Atef Sadat</a>, later became a pilot and was <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a> in 1973 during the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Anwar Mohammed El Sadat, was an <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egyptian</a>, and his mother, Sit Al-Berain, was born to an Egyptian mother and a Sudanese father.<sup id="cite_ref-Wet2006_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wet2006-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Military_Academy" title="Egyptian Military Academy">Royal Military Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, the capital of what was then the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Kingdom of Egypt</a>, in 1938<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was appointed to the Signal Corps. He entered the army as a second lieutenant and was posted to the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Anglo-Egyptian Sudan</a> (the Sudan being a <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">condominium</a> under joint British and Egyptian rule at the time). There, he met <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>, and along with several other junior officers they formed the <a href="/wiki/Free_Officers_movement_(Egypt)" title="Free Officers movement (Egypt)">Free Officers</a>, an organization committed to overthrowing British rule in Egypt and eliminating state corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muhammed_Naguib_colors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Muhammed_Naguib_colors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Muhammed_Naguib_colors.jpg/190px-Muhammed_Naguib_colors.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Muhammed_Naguib_colors.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Sadat with <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Naguib" title="Mohamed Naguib">Mohamed Naguib</a>, 1952</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Sadat, a member of the fascist and ultranationalist <a href="/wiki/Young_Egypt_Party_(1933)" title="Young Egypt Party (1933)">Young Egypt Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaborated</a> with spies of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> in Egypt as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Salam" title="Operation Salam">Operation Salam</a>. Once this was discovered by the British, he was arrested and imprisoned for much of the war. By the end of the conflict, he had already met with the secret society that decided to assassinate <a href="/wiki/Amin_Osman" title="Amin Osman">Amin Osman</a>, Minister of Finance in the <a href="/wiki/Wafd_Party" title="Wafd Party">Wafd Party</a> government, and the head of the Egyptian-British Friendship Society, due to his strong sympathies towards the British. Osman was assassinated in January 1946. Following the assassination of Amin Osman, Sadat returned again and finally to prison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETripp199366_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETripp199366-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Qarmidan prison, he faced the most difficult ordeals of imprisonment by being held in solitary confinement, but the first accused in the Hussein Tawfiq case, escaped, and after there is no criminality evidence all the charges fall and the suspected went free. <a href="/wiki/Salah_Zulfikar" title="Salah Zulfikar">Salah Zulfikar</a>, then young police officer, at that time was the officer in charge in the prison. He believed in his heart of Sadat's heroism and that he played a patriotic role towards his country and that he was convicted and imprisoned because of his love for his country. Zulfikar brought with him food, newspapers and cigarettes and helped his family a lot in obtaining visitor permits to check on him. Anwar Sadat was active in many political movements, including the Muslim Brotherhood, the fascist Young Egypt Party, the pro-Axis and pro-Royalist <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard_of_Egypt" title="Iron Guard of Egypt">Iron Guard of Egypt</a>, and the secret military group called the Free Officers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with his fellow Free Officers, Sadat participated in the military coup that launched the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Revolution of 1952">Egyptian Revolution of 1952</a>, which overthrew King <a href="/wiki/Farouk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Farouk I">Farouk I</a> on 23 July of that year. Sadat gave the first statement of the revolution over the radio to the Egyptian people.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_Nasser's_presidency"><span id="During_Nasser.27s_presidency"></span>During Nasser's presidency</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasser_and_Sadat_in_National_Assembly.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Nasser_and_Sadat_in_National_Assembly" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Nasser_and_Sadat_in_National_Assembly.JPG/220px-Nasser_and_Sadat_in_National_Assembly.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Nasser_and_Sadat_in_National_Assembly.JPG/330px-Nasser_and_Sadat_in_National_Assembly.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Nasser_and_Sadat_in_National_Assembly.JPG/440px-Nasser_and_Sadat_in_National_Assembly.JPG 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption>With Nasser in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Egypt)" title="House of Representatives (Egypt)">National Assembly</a>, May 1964</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasser,_Sadat,_Sabri_and_Shafei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Nasser,_Sadat,_Sabri_and_Shafei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nasser%2C_Sadat%2C_Sabri_and_Shafei.jpg/220px-Nasser%2C_Sadat%2C_Sabri_and_Shafei.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nasser%2C_Sadat%2C_Sabri_and_Shafei.jpg/330px-Nasser%2C_Sadat%2C_Sabri_and_Shafei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nasser%2C_Sadat%2C_Sabri_and_Shafei.jpg/440px-Nasser%2C_Sadat%2C_Sabri_and_Shafei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>Top Egyptian leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Egypt)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)">Arab Socialist Union</a> in Alexandria. From left to right: President <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>, Sadat, ASU head <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sabri" title="Ali Sabri">Ali Sabri</a>, and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Hussein_el-Shafei" title="Hussein el-Shafei">Hussein el-Shafei</a>, August 1968</figcaption></figure> <p>During the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sadat was appointed minister of State in 1954. He was also appointed editor of the newly founded daily <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Gomhuria" title="Al Gomhuria">Al Gomhuria</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-alt1998_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alt1998-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, he assumed the position of secretary to the National Union. Sadat was the president of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Egypt)" title="House of Representatives (Egypt)">National Assembly</a> (1960–1968) and then <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Egypt">Vice President of Egypt</a> and member of the presidential council in 1964. He was reappointed as vice president again in December 1969. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency">Presidency</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_Anwar_Sadat" title="History of Egypt under Anwar Sadat">History of Egypt under Anwar Sadat</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anwar_Sadat_(1971).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Anwar_Sadat_%281971%29.jpg/190px-Anwar_Sadat_%281971%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Anwar_Sadat_%281971%29.jpg/285px-Anwar_Sadat_%281971%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Anwar_Sadat_%281971%29.jpg/380px-Anwar_Sadat_%281971%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>Sadat addressing the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Egypt)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)">Arab Socialist Union</a> in 1971</figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the major events of Sadat's presidency were his "Corrective Revolution" to consolidate power, the break with Egypt's long-time ally and aid-giver the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1973_October_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1973 October War">1973 October War</a> with Israel, the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a>, the "opening up" (or <a href="/wiki/Infitah" title="Infitah">Infitah</a>) of Egypt's economy, and lastly his assassination in 1981. </p><p>Sadat succeeded Nasser as president after the latter's death in October 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-ottowac_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ottowac-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sadat's presidency was widely expected to be short-lived.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viewing him as having been little more than a puppet of the former president, Nasser's supporters in government settled on Sadat as someone they could manipulate easily. Sadat surprised everyone with a series of astute political moves by which he was able to retain the presidency and emerge as a leader in his own right.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sadat_Qaddafi_Assad_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sadat_Qaddafi_Assad_1971" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sadat_Qaddafi_Assad_1971.jpg/220px-Sadat_Qaddafi_Assad_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sadat_Qaddafi_Assad_1971.jpg/330px-Sadat_Qaddafi_Assad_1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sadat_Qaddafi_Assad_1971.jpg/440px-Sadat_Qaddafi_Assad_1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Sadat (sitting on the left side), <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> (sitting on the right side) and <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> (sitting in the centre) signing the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Federation of Arab Republics">Federation of Arab Republics</a> in Benghazi, Libya, on April 18, 1971</figcaption></figure> <p>On 15 May 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-Pharaon'_p.74_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pharaon'_p.74-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sadat announced his <i><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Revolution_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrective Revolution (Egypt)">Corrective Revolution</a></i>, purging the government, political and security establishments of the most ardent <a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserists</a>. Sadat encouraged the emergence of an Islamist movement, which had been suppressed by Nasser. Believing Islamists to be socially conservative he gave them "considerable cultural and ideological autonomy" in exchange for political support.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Jarring_Mission" title="Jarring Mission">Jarring Mission</a>, three years into the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> in the Suez Canal zone, Sadat endorsed in a letter the peace proposals of UN negotiator <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Jarring" title="Gunnar Jarring">Gunnar Jarring</a>, which seemed to lead to a full peace with <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> on the basis of Israel's withdrawal to its pre-war borders. This peace initiative failed as neither Israel nor the United States of America accepted the terms as discussed then.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corrective_Revolution">Corrective Revolution</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Corrective_Revolution_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrective Revolution (Egypt)">Corrective Revolution (Egypt)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sadat_Egypt.ogv/210px-seek%3D247-Sadat_Egypt.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="210" height="158" data-durationhint="633" data-mwtitle="Sadat_Egypt.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Sadat_Egypt.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Sadat_Egypt.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Sadat_Egypt.ogv/Sadat_Egypt.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Sadat_Egypt.ogv/Sadat_Egypt.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Sadat_Egypt.ogv/Sadat_Egypt.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>1972 Echo <a href="/wiki/Newsreel" title="Newsreel">newsreel</a> about the early Sadat years</figcaption></figure><p>Shortly after taking office, Sadat shocked many Egyptians by dismissing and imprisoning two of the most powerful figures in the regime, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sabri" title="Ali Sabri">Ali Sabri</a>, who had close ties with Soviet officials, and <a href="/wiki/Sharawi_Gomaa" title="Sharawi Gomaa">Sharawi Gomaa</a>, the Interior Minister, who controlled the secret police.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sadat's rising popularity would accelerate after he cut back the powers of the hated secret police,<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> expelled Soviet military from the country<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and reformed the Egyptian army for a renewed confrontation with Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yom_Kippur_War">Yom Kippur War</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptianbridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Egyptianbridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Egyptianbridge.jpg/220px-Egyptianbridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Egyptianbridge.jpg/330px-Egyptianbridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Egyptianbridge.jpg/440px-Egyptianbridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>Egyptian vehicles crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War</figcaption></figure> <p>On 6 October 1973, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, Sadat launched the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">October War</a>, also known as the Yom Kippur War (and less commonly as the Ramadan War), a surprise attack against the Israeli forces occupying the Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Syrian <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> in an attempt to retake these respective Egyptian and Syrian territories that had been occupied by Israel since the Six Day War six years earlier. The Egyptian and Syrian performance in the initial stages of the war astonished both Israel, and the Arab World. The most striking achievement (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Badr_(1973)" title="Operation Badr (1973)">Operation Badr</a>, also known as The Crossing) was the Egyptian military's advance approximately 15 km into the occupied Sinai Peninsula after penetrating and largely destroying the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Lev_Line" title="Bar Lev Line">Bar Lev Line</a>. This line was popularly thought to have been an impregnable defensive chain. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sadat_and_A_Ismail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sadat_and_A_Ismail.jpg/200px-Sadat_and_A_Ismail.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sadat_and_A_Ismail.jpg/300px-Sadat_and_A_Ismail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sadat_and_A_Ismail.jpg/400px-Sadat_and_A_Ismail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Sadat and <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ismail_Ali" title="Ahmad Ismail Ali">Ahmad Ismail Ali</a> attending the re-opening ceremony of Suez Canal after Yom Kippur war, June 5, 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>As the war progressed, three divisions of the Israeli army led by General <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> had crossed the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>, trying to encircle first the Egyptian Second Army. Although this failed, prompted by an agreement between the United States of America and the Soviet Union, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> passed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_338" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 338">Resolution 338</a> on 22 October 1973, calling for an immediate ceasefire.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although agreed upon, the ceasefire was immediately broken.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers (Soviet Union)">USSR Council of Ministers</a>, cancelled an official meeting with <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Danish Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Anker Jørgensen">Anker Jørgensen</a> to travel to Egypt where he tried to persuade Sadat to sign a peace treaty. During Kosygin's two-day long stay it is unknown if he and Sadat ever met in person.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Israeli military then continued their drive to encircle the Egyptian army. The encirclement was completed on 24 October, three days after the ceasefire was broken. This development prompted superpower tension, but a second ceasefire was imposed cooperatively on 25 October to end the war. At the conclusion of hostilities, Israeli forces were 40 kilometres (25 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> and 101 kilometres (63 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peace_with_Israel">Peace with Israel</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat%27s_visit_to_Israel,_1977" class="mw-redirect" title="Anwar Sadat's visit to Israel, 1977">Anwar Sadat's visit to Israel, 1977</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External audio</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="audio icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/record/pressclub/sadat.html">National Press Club Luncheon Speakers</a> Anwar Sadat, 6 February 1978, <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Club_(United_States)" title="National Press Club (United States)">National Press Club</a>. Speech begins at 7:31<sup id="cite_ref-npc_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npc-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carter,_Sadat,_and_Begin_at_the_Peace_Treaty_Signing,_March_26,_1979_(10729561495).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Carter%2C_Sadat%2C_and_Begin_at_the_Peace_Treaty_Signing%2C_March_26%2C_1979_%2810729561495%29.jpg/220px-Carter%2C_Sadat%2C_and_Begin_at_the_Peace_Treaty_Signing%2C_March_26%2C_1979_%2810729561495%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Carter%2C_Sadat%2C_and_Begin_at_the_Peace_Treaty_Signing%2C_March_26%2C_1979_%2810729561495%29.jpg/330px-Carter%2C_Sadat%2C_and_Begin_at_the_Peace_Treaty_Signing%2C_March_26%2C_1979_%2810729561495%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Carter%2C_Sadat%2C_and_Begin_at_the_Peace_Treaty_Signing%2C_March_26%2C_1979_%2810729561495%29.jpg/440px-Carter%2C_Sadat%2C_and_Begin_at_the_Peace_Treaty_Signing%2C_March_26%2C_1979_%2810729561495%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>President Jimmy Carter shaking hands with Sadat and Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> at the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Israeli_Peace_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty">Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty</a> on the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, 1979</figcaption></figure> <p>The initial Egyptian and Syrian victories in the war restored popular morale throughout Egypt and the Arab World and, for many years after, Sadat was known as the "Hero of the Crossing". Israel recognized Egypt as a formidable foe, and Egypt's renewed political significance eventually led to regaining and reopening the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> through the peace process. His new peace policy led to the conclusion of two agreements on disengagement of forces with the Israeli government. The first of these agreements was signed on 18 January 1974, and the second on 4 September 1975. </p><p>One major aspect of Sadat's peace policy was to gain some religious support for his efforts. Already during his visit to the US in October–November 1975, he invited Evangelical pastor <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a> for an official visit, which was held a few days after Sadat's visit.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to cultivating relations with Evangelical Christians in the US, he also built some cooperation with the Vatican. On 8 April 1976, he visited the Vatican for the first time, and got a message of support from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> regarding achieving peace with Israel, to include a just solution to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Palestinian issue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sadat, on his part, extended to the Pope a public invitation to visit Cairo.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (April 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Sadat also used the media to promote his purposes. In an interview he gave to the Lebanese magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Hawadeth" title="Al Hawadeth">Al Hawadeth</a></i> in early February 1976, he claimed he had secret commitment from the US government to put pressure on the Israeli government for a major withdrawal in Sinai and the Golan Heights.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This statement caused some concern to the Israeli government, but Secretary of State Henry Kissinger denied such a promise was ever made.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1977, a series of <a href="/wiki/1977_Egyptian_Bread_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1977 Egyptian Bread Riots">'Bread Riots'</a> protested Sadat's economic liberalization and specifically a government decree lifting <a href="/wiki/Price_controls" title="Price controls">price controls</a> on basic necessities like bread. The riots lasted for two days and included hundreds of thousands in Cairo. 120 buses and hundreds of buildings were destroyed in Cairo alone.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The riots ended with the deployment of the army and the re-institution of the subsidies/price controls.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, Sadat was also taking a new approach towards improving relations with the West.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States and the Soviet Union agreed on 1 October 1977, on principles to govern a Geneva conference on the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syria continued to resist such a conference.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not wanting either Syria or the Soviet Union to influence the peace process, Sadat decided to take more progressive stance towards building a comprehensive peace agreement with Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1977_visit_by_Anwar_Sadat_to_Israel" title="1977 visit by Anwar Sadat to Israel">1977 visit by Anwar Sadat to Israel</a> was the first time an Arab leader officially visited Israel. Sadat met with Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a>, and spoke before the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> about his views on how to achieve a comprehensive peace to the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a>, which included the full implementation of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Resolutions 242</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_338" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 338">338</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Peace treaty was finally signed by Anwar Sadat and Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin in Washington, D.C., United States, on 26 March 1979, following the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a>, a series of meetings between Egypt and Israel facilitated by US president <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>. Both Sadat and Begin were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> for creating the treaty. In his acceptance speech, Sadat referred to the long-awaited peace desired by both Arabs and Israelis.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main features of the agreement were the mutual recognition of each country by the other, the cessation of the state of war that had existed since the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, and the complete withdrawal by Israel of its armed forces and civilians from the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>, which Israel had captured during the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>. </p><p>The agreement also provided for the free passage of Israeli ships through the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> and recognition of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Tiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Strait of Tiran">Strait of Tiran</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a> as international waterways. The agreement notably made Egypt the first Arab country to officially recognize Israel. The peace agreement between Egypt and Israel has remained in effect since the treaty was signed. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_President_Anwar_el-Sadat_waves_as_he_departs_from_a_state_visit_to_the_US_-_DPLA_-_8defc24ecf4c7ea5f6db9bc6cdfdb66d.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Egyptian_President_Anwar_el-Sadat_waves_as_he_departs_from_a_state_visit_to_the_US_-_DPLA_-_8defc24ecf4c7ea5f6db9bc6cdfdb66d.jpeg/220px-Egyptian_President_Anwar_el-Sadat_waves_as_he_departs_from_a_state_visit_to_the_US_-_DPLA_-_8defc24ecf4c7ea5f6db9bc6cdfdb66d.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Egyptian_President_Anwar_el-Sadat_waves_as_he_departs_from_a_state_visit_to_the_US_-_DPLA_-_8defc24ecf4c7ea5f6db9bc6cdfdb66d.jpeg/330px-Egyptian_President_Anwar_el-Sadat_waves_as_he_departs_from_a_state_visit_to_the_US_-_DPLA_-_8defc24ecf4c7ea5f6db9bc6cdfdb66d.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Egyptian_President_Anwar_el-Sadat_waves_as_he_departs_from_a_state_visit_to_the_US_-_DPLA_-_8defc24ecf4c7ea5f6db9bc6cdfdb66d.jpeg/440px-Egyptian_President_Anwar_el-Sadat_waves_as_he_departs_from_a_state_visit_to_the_US_-_DPLA_-_8defc24ecf4c7ea5f6db9bc6cdfdb66d.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1995" /></a><figcaption>Sadat in 1978</figcaption></figure> <p>The treaty was extremely unpopular in most of the Arab World and the wider Muslim World.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His predecessor Nasser had made Egypt an icon of Arab nationalism, an ideology that appeared to be sidelined by an Egyptian orientation following the 1973 war (see <a href="/wiki/National_identity_of_Egyptians" class="mw-redirect" title="National identity of Egyptians">National identity of Egyptians</a>). The neighboring Arab countries believed that in signing the accords, Sadat had put Egypt's interests ahead of Arab unity, betraying Nasser's <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">pan-Arabism</a>, and destroyed the vision of a united "Arab front" for the support of the Palestinians against the "Zionist Entity". However, Sadat decided early on that peace was the solution.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sadat's shift towards a strategic relationship with the US was also seen as a betrayal by many Arabs. In the United States his peace moves gained him popularity among some <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> circles. He was awarded the Prince of Peace Award by <a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Pat Robertson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1979, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> suspended Egypt in the wake of the Egyptian–Israel peace agreement, and the League moved its headquarters from <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>. Arab League member states believed in the elimination of the "Zionist Entity" and Israel at that time. It was not until 1989 that the League re-admitted Egypt as a member, and returned its headquarters to Cairo. As part of the peace deal, Israel withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> in phases, completing its withdrawal from the entire territory except the town of Taba by 25 April 1982 (withdrawal from which did not occur until 1989).<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The improved relations Egypt gained with the West through the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a> soon gave the country resilient economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1980, however, Egypt's strained relations with the Arab World would result in a period of rapid inflation.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_of_Iran">Relationship with Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi of Iran</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Farah_of_Persia_Egyption_President_Anwar_Sadat_Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_of_Persia_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Queen_Farah_of_Persia_Egyption_President_Anwar_Sadat_Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_of_Persia_1975.jpg/220px-Queen_Farah_of_Persia_Egyption_President_Anwar_Sadat_Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_of_Persia_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Queen_Farah_of_Persia_Egyption_President_Anwar_Sadat_Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_of_Persia_1975.jpg/330px-Queen_Farah_of_Persia_Egyption_President_Anwar_Sadat_Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_of_Persia_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Queen_Farah_of_Persia_Egyption_President_Anwar_Sadat_Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_of_Persia_1975.jpg/440px-Queen_Farah_of_Persia_Egyption_President_Anwar_Sadat_Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi_of_Persia_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption>Queen <a href="/wiki/Farah_Diba" class="mw-redirect" title="Farah Diba">Farah Diba</a>, President Anwar Sadat and Shah <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> in Tehran in 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>The relationship between Iran and Egypt had fallen into open hostility during <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>'s presidency. Following his death in 1970, President Sadat turned this around quickly into an open and close friendship.<sup id="cite_ref-psalm_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psalm-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, Sadat addressed the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian parliament">Iranian parliament</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> in fluent <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, describing the 2,500-year-old historic connection between the two lands.<sup id="cite_ref-psalm_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psalm-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Overnight, the Egyptian and Iranian governments were turned from bitter enemies into fast friends. The relationship between <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> became so friendly that the <a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a> of Iran, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a>, called Sadat his "dear brother".<sup id="cite_ref-psalm_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psalm-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the 1973 war with Israel, Iran assumed a leading role in cleaning up and reactivating the blocked <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> with heavy investment. The country also facilitated the withdrawal of Israel from the occupied <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> by promising to substitute the loss of the oil to the Israelis with free Iranian oil if they withdrew from the Egyptian oil wells in western Sinai.<sup id="cite_ref-psalm_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psalm-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All these added more to the personal friendship between Sadat and the Shah of Iran. (The Shah's first wife was <a href="/wiki/Princess_Fawzia_Fuad_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt">Princess Fawzia of Egypt</a>. She was the eldest daughter of Sultan Fuad I of Egypt and Sudan (later King <a href="/wiki/Fuad_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuad I">Fuad I</a>) and his second wife Nazli Sabri.)<sup id="cite_ref-psalm_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psalm-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his overthrow, the deposed Shah spent the last months of his life in exile in Egypt. When the Shah died, Sadat ordered that he be given a <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a> and be interred at the <a href="/wiki/Al-Rifa%27i_Mosque" title="Al-Rifa'i Mosque">Al-Rifa'i Mosque</a> in Cairo, the resting place of Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Khedive" title="Khedive">Khedive</a> <a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'il Pasha">Isma'il Pasha</a>, his mother Khushyar Hanim, and numerous other members of the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ali Dynasty">royal family of Egypt and Sudan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassination">Assassination</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Anwar_Sadat" title="Assassination of Anwar Sadat">Assassination of Anwar Sadat</a></div> <p>The last months of Sadat's presidency were marked by internal uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sadat dismissed allegations that the rioting was incited by domestic issues, believing that the Soviet Union was recruiting its regional allies in Libya and Syria to incite an uprising that would eventually force him out of power.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a failed military coup in June 1981, Sadat ordered a major crackdown that resulted in the arrest of numerous opposition figures.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Sadat still maintained high levels of popularity in Egypt,<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_24-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has been said that he was assassinated "at the peak" of his unpopularity.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Earlier in his presidency, <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamists</a> had benefited from the 'rectification revolution' and the release from prison of activists jailed under Nasser.<sup id="cite_ref-Pharaon'_p.74_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pharaon'_p.74-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Sadat's Sinai treaty with Israel enraged Islamists, particularly the radical <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Egyptian Islamic Jihad">Egyptian Islamic Jihad</a>. According to interviews and information gathered by journalist <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wright" title="Lawrence Wright">Lawrence Wright</a>, the group was recruiting military officers and accumulating weapons, waiting for the right moment to launch "a complete overthrow of the existing order" in Egypt. Chief strategist of El-Jihad was <a href="/wiki/Abbud_al-Zumar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbud al-Zumar">Abbud al-Zumar</a>, a colonel in the military intelligence whose "plan was to kill the main leaders of the country, capture the headquarters of the army and State Security, the telephone exchange building, and of course the radio and television building, where news of the Islamic revolution would then be broadcast, unleashing – he expected – a popular uprising against secular authority all over the country".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1981, Egyptian authorities were alerted to El-Jihad's plan by the arrest of an operative carrying crucial information. In September, Sadat ordered a highly unpopular roundup of more than 1,500 people, including many Jihad members, but also <a href="/wiki/Pope_Shenouda_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria">the Coptic Pope</a> and other Coptic clergy, intellectuals and activists of all ideological stripes.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All non-government press was banned as well.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The roundup missed a Jihad cell in the military led by Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Khalid_Islambouli" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalid Islambouli">Khalid Islambouli</a>, who would succeed in assassinating Anwar Sadat that October.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Tal%27at_Fu%27ad_Qasim" title="Tal'at Fu'ad Qasim">Tala'at Qasim</a>, ex-head of the <a href="/wiki/Gama%27a_Islamiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gama'a Islamiyya">Gama'a Islamiyya</a> interviewed in <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Report" title="Middle East Report">Middle East Report</a></i>, it was not Islamic Jihad but his organization, known in English as the "Islamic Group", that organized the assassination and recruited the assassin (Islambouli). Members of the Group's 'Majlis el-Shura' ('Consultative Council') – headed by the famed 'blind shaykh' – were arrested two weeks before the killing, but they did not disclose the existing plans and Islambouli succeeded in assassinating Sadat.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 October 1981, Sadat was assassinated during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Operation_Badr_(1973)" title="Operation Badr (1973)">Egypt's crossing of the Suez Canal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islambouli emptied his assault rifle into Sadat's body while in the front of the grandstand, mortally wounding the President. In addition to Sadat, eleven others were killed, including the <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuban</a> ambassador, an <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Omani</a> general, a <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox">Coptic Orthodox</a> bishop and Samir Helmy, the head of Egypt's <a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Auditing Agency">Central Auditing Agency</a> (CAA).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty-eight were wounded, including Vice President <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Defence (Ireland)">Irish Defence Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Tully_(Irish_politician)" title="James Tully (Irish politician)">James Tully</a>, and four US military liaison officers. </p><p>The assassination squad was led by Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Khalid_Islambouli" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalid Islambouli">Khalid Islambouli</a> after a <a href="/wiki/Fatw%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatwā">fatwā</a> approving the assassination had been obtained from <a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdel-Rahman" title="Omar Abdel-Rahman">Omar Abdel-Rahman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickovick2012_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickovick2012-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islambouli was tried, found guilty, sentenced to death, and executed by firing squad in April 1982. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> <p>Sadat was succeeded by his vice president Hosni Mubarak, whose hand was injured during the attack. Sadat's funeral was attended by a record number of dignitaries from around the world, including a rare simultaneous attendance by three former US presidents: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>'s President <a href="/wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry" title="Gaafar Nimeiry">Gaafar Nimeiry</a> was the only Arab head of state to attend the funeral. Only 3 of 24 states in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> – Oman, Somalia and Sudan – sent representatives at all.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel's prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a>, considered Sadat a personal friend and insisted on attending the funeral, walking throughout the funeral procession so as not to desecrate the Sabbath.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sadat was buried in <a href="/wiki/Unknown_Soldier_Memorial_(Egypt)" title="Unknown Soldier Memorial (Egypt)">the unknown soldier memorial in Cairo</a>, across the street from the stand where he was assassinated. </p><p>Over three hundred Islamic radicals were indicted in the trial of assassin Khalid Islambouli, including future <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdel-Rahman" title="Omar Abdel-Rahman">Omar Abdel-Rahman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Hamid_Kishk" title="Abd al-Hamid Kishk">Abd al-Hamid Kishk</a>. The trial was covered by the international press and Zawahiri's knowledge of English made him the de facto spokesman for the defendants. Zawahiri was released from prison in 1984. <a href="/wiki/Aboud_El_Zomor" title="Aboud El Zomor">Abboud al-Zomor</a> and Tareq al-Zomor, two <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Egyptian Islamic Jihad">Islamic Jihad</a> leaders imprisoned in connection with the assassination, were released on 11 March 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite these facts, the nephew of the late president, <a href="/wiki/Talaat_Sadat" title="Talaat Sadat">Talaat Sadat</a>, claimed that the assassination was an international conspiracy. On 31 October 2006, he was sentenced to a year in prison for <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defaming</a> Egypt's armed forces, less than a month after he gave the interview accusing Egyptian generals of masterminding his uncle's assassination. In an interview with a Saudi television channel, he also claimed both the United States and Israel were involved noting that no one from the special personal protection group of Sadat fired a single shot during the killing, and not one of them has been put on trial.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_portrayals_of_Anwar_Sadat">Media portrayals of Anwar Sadat</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gagarin_and_Nasser_and_Sadat_in_Cairo_Egypt_01-02-1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gagarin_and_Nasser_and_Sadat_in_Cairo_Egypt_01-02-1962.jpg/200px-Gagarin_and_Nasser_and_Sadat_in_Cairo_Egypt_01-02-1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gagarin_and_Nasser_and_Sadat_in_Cairo_Egypt_01-02-1962.jpg/300px-Gagarin_and_Nasser_and_Sadat_in_Cairo_Egypt_01-02-1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gagarin_and_Nasser_and_Sadat_in_Cairo_Egypt_01-02-1962.jpg/400px-Gagarin_and_Nasser_and_Sadat_in_Cairo_Egypt_01-02-1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2910" data-file-height="2838" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a> with Sadat and <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> in Cairo, 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1983, <i><a href="/wiki/Sadat_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadat (film)">Sadat</a></i>, a miniseries based on the life of Anwar Sadat, aired on US television with <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a>-winning actor <a href="/wiki/Louis_Gossett_Jr." title="Louis Gossett Jr.">Louis Gossett Jr.</a> in the title role. The film was promptly banned by the Egyptian government, as were all other movies produced and distributed by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a>, over allegations of historical inaccuracies. A civil lawsuit was brought by Egypt's artists' and film unions against Columbia Pictures and the film's directors, producers and scriptwriters before a court in Cairo, but was dismissed, since the alleged slanders, having taken place outside the country, fell outside the Egyptian courts' jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The film was critically acclaimed in North America, but was unpopular among Egyptians and in the Egyptian press. Western authors attributed the film's poor reception in Egypt to racism – Gossett being African-American – in the Egyptian government or Egypt in general.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowser_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowser-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Either way, one Western source wrote that Sadat's portrayal by Gossett "bothered race-conscious Egyptians and wouldn't have pleased [the deceased] Sadat," who identified as Egyptian and Northeast African, not black.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two-part series earned Gossett an <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy</a> nomination in the United States. </p><p>He was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Loggia" title="Robert Loggia">Robert Loggia</a> in the 1982 television movie <i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Called_Golda" title="A Woman Called Golda">A Woman Called Golda</a></i>, opposite <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> as <a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a>. </p><p>The first Egyptian depiction of Sadat's life came in 2001, when <i><a href="/wiki/Ayyam_El_Sadat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyam El Sadat">Ayyam El Sadat</a></i> (English: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Days_of_Sadat" title="The Days of Sadat">The Days of Sadat</a></i>) was released in Egyptian cinemas. The movie was a major success in Egypt, and was hailed as <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zaki_(actor)" title="Ahmed Zaki (actor)">Ahmed Zaki</a>'s greatest performance to date.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sadat was a recurring character on <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i>, played by <a href="/wiki/Garrett_Morris" title="Garrett Morris">Garrett Morris</a>, who bore a resemblance to Sadat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_awarded">Honours awarded</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National">National</h3></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EGY_Order_of_the_Republic_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/EGY_Order_of_the_Republic_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png/50px-EGY_Order_of_the_Republic_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/EGY_Order_of_the_Republic_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png/75px-EGY_Order_of_the_Republic_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/EGY_Order_of_the_Republic_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png/100px-EGY_Order_of_the_Republic_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Republic_(Egypt)" title="Order of the Republic (Egypt)">Order of the Republic</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg/50px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg/75px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg/100px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Nile" title="Order of the Nile">Order of the Nile</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EGY_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/EGY_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/50px-EGY_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/EGY_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/75px-EGY_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/EGY_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/100px-EGY_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_(Egypt)" title="Order of Merit (Egypt)">Order of Merit</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EGY_-_Order_of_the_Virtues_-_Supreme_and_first_classes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EGY_-_Order_of_the_Virtues_-_Supreme_and_first_classes.svg/50px-EGY_-_Order_of_the_Virtues_-_Supreme_and_first_classes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EGY_-_Order_of_the_Virtues_-_Supreme_and_first_classes.svg/75px-EGY_-_Order_of_the_Virtues_-_Supreme_and_first_classes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EGY_-_Order_of_the_Virtues_-_Supreme_and_first_classes.svg/100px-EGY_-_Order_of_the_Virtues_-_Supreme_and_first_classes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Supreme Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Virtues_(Egypt)" title="Order of the Virtues (Egypt)">Order of the Virtues</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign">Foreign</h3></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Fidelity_(Albania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Fidelity (Albania)">Order of Fidelity</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>: Grand Star of the <a href="/wiki/Decoration_of_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria" title="Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria">Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>: Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>: Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mubarak_the_Great" title="Order of Mubarak the Great">Order of Mubarak the Great</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>: Honorary Grand Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Defender_of_the_Realm" title="Order of the Defender of the Realm">Order of the Defender of the Realm</a> (SMN (K)) with title <i>Tun</i> (1965)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>: <ul><li>Member First Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Nepal" title="Order of the Star of Nepal">Order of the Star of Nepal</a></li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ojaswi_Rajanya" title="Order of Ojaswi Rajanya">Order of the Benevolent Ruler</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>: First Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_King_Abdulaziz" title="Order of King Abdulaziz">Order of King Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>: Member First Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Umayyads" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Umayyads">Order of the Umayyads</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Republic_(Tunisia)" title="Order of the Republic (Tunisia)">Order of the Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <ul><li>Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> (1984)</li> <li>Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> (2018, posthumous)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Yugoslav_Great_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Yugoslav Great Star">Order of the Yugoslav Great Star</a> (1977)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSadat1954" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sadat, Anwar (1954). <bdi lang="ar">قصة الثورة كاملة</bdi> [<i>The Full Story of the Revolution</i>] (in Arabic). Cairo: Dar el-Hilal. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/23485697">23485697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.place=Cairo&rft.pub=Dar+el-Hilal&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23485697&rft.aulast=Sadat&rft.aufirst=Anwar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadat1955" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sadat, Anwar (1955). <bdi lang="ar">صفحات مجهولة</bdi> [<i>Unknown Pages of the Revolution</i>] (in Arabic). Cairo: Dār al-Taḥrīr lil-Ṭabʻ wa-al-Nashr. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10739895">10739895</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.place=Cairo&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+al-Ta%E1%B8%A5r%C4%ABr+lil-%E1%B9%ACab%CA%BB+wa-al-Nashr&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10739895&rft.aulast=Sadat&rft.aufirst=Anwar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadat1957" class="citation book cs1">Sadat, Anwar (1957). <i>Revolt on the Nile</i>. New York: J. Day Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1226176">1226176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolt+on+the+Nile&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=J.+Day+Co&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1226176&rft.aulast=Sadat&rft.aufirst=Anwar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadat1958" class="citation book cs1">Sadat, Anwar (1958). <i>Son, This Is Your Uncle Gamal – Memoirs of Anwar el-Sadat</i>. Beirut: Maktabat al-ʻIrfān. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27919901">27919901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Son%2C+This+Is+Your+Uncle+Gamal+%E2%80%93+Memoirs+of+Anwar+el-Sadat&rft.place=Beirut&rft.pub=Maktabat+al-%CA%BBIrf%C4%81n&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F27919901&rft.aulast=Sadat&rft.aufirst=Anwar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadat1978" class="citation book cs1">Sadat, Anwar (1978). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofidenti00sada"><i>In Search of Identity: An Autobiography</i></a></span>. New York: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-013742-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-013742-7"><bdi>978-0-06-013742-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Identity%3A+An+Autobiography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-06-013742-7&rft.aulast=Sadat&rft.aufirst=Anwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsearchofidenti00sada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_Anwar_Sadat" title="History of Egypt under Anwar Sadat">History of Egypt under Anwar Sadat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">sə-<span style="font-size:90%">DAT</span></i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">sa-<span style="font-size:90%">DAT</span></i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">sə-<span style="font-size:90%">DAHT</span></i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (US) and <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">محمد أنور السادات</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Muḥammad ʾAnwar as-Sādāt</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Egyptian Arabic:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="arz-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">[mæˈħæmmæd<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʔɑnwɑɾ<span class="wrap"> </span>essæˈdæːt]</a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinklestone2013" class="citation cs2">Finklestone, Joseph (2013), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anwarsadatvision0000fink"><i>Anwar Sadat: Visionary Who Dared</i></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-19565-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-19565-6"><bdi>978-1-135-19565-6</bdi></a>, <q>Significantly, Anwar Sadat did not mention aspects in his early life...It was in Mit Abul-Kum that Eqbal Afifi, the woman who was his wife for ten years and whom he left, was also born. Her family was of higher social standing than Anwar's, being of Turkish origin...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anwar+Sadat%3A+Visionary+Who+Dared&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-19565-6&rft.aulast=Finklestone&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanwarsadatvision0000fink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerrieh2021" class="citation news cs1">Serrieh, Joanne (9 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2021/07/09/Jehan-Sadat-wife-of-late-Anwar-Sadat-dies-after-short-battle-with-illness-Reports">"Jehan Sadat, wife of late Anwar Sadat, dies after short battle with illness: Reports"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya_English" title="Al Arabiya English">Al Arabiya English</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+English&rft.atitle=Jehan+Sadat%2C+wife+of+late+Anwar+Sadat%2C+dies+after+short+battle+with+illness%3A+Reports&rft.date=2021-07-09&rft.aulast=Serrieh&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2021%2F07%2F09%2FJehan-Sadat-wife-of-late-Anwar-Sadat-dies-after-short-battle-with-illness-Reports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sadat">"Sadat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Sadat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fsadat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Sadat">"Sadat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Oxford Dictionaries</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sadat&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionaries+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FSadat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/S%C4%81d%C4%81t">"Sādāt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=S%C4%81d%C4%81t&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FS%25C4%2581d%25C4%2581t&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-constu-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-constu_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constu_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-constu_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countrystudies.us/egypt/44.htm">"Peace with Israel"</a>. <i>Country Studies</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Country+Studies&rft.atitle=Peace+with+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fegypt%2F44.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2010" class="citation news cs1">Graham, Nick (21 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/middle-east-peace-talks-i_n_690008">"Middle East Peace Talks: Israel, Palestinian Negotiations More Hopeless Than Ever"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Middle+East+Peace+Talks%3A+Israel%2C+Palestinian+Negotiations+More+Hopeless+Than+Ever&rft.date=2010-08-21&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fmiddle-east-peace-talks-i_n_690008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVatikiotis1992" class="citation book cs1">Vatikiotis, P. J. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TYpyAAAAMAAJ"><i>The History of Modern Egypt</i></a> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. p. 443. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2339-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2339-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-2339-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Modern+Egypt&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=443&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-2339-8&rft.aulast=Vatikiotis&rft.aufirst=P.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTYpyAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGwertzman1979" class="citation news cs1">Gwertzman, Bernard (26 March 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0326.html">"Egypt and Israel Sign Formal Treaty, Ending a State of War After 30 Years; Sadat and Begin Praise Carter's Role"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Egypt+and+Israel+Sign+Formal+Treaty%2C+Ending+a+State+of+War+After+30+Years%3B+Sadat+and+Begin+Praise+Carter%27s+Role&rft.date=1979-03-26&rft.aulast=Gwertzman&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbig%2F0326.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2010/1/25/profile-anwar-sadat">"Profile: Anwar Sadat The former Egyptian president believed a peace deal with Israel was vital to end wars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a>. 25 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Anwar+Sadat+The+former+Egyptian+president+believed+a+peace+deal+with+Israel+was+vital+to+end+wars.&rft.date=2010-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2F1%2F25%2Fprofile-anwar-sadat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/06/archives/sadats-brother-reported-killed-during-october-war.html">"Sadat's Brother Reported Killed During October War"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 6 January 1974<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sadat%27s+Brother+Reported+Killed+During+October+War&rft.date=1974-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F01%2F06%2Farchives%2Fsadats-brother-reported-killed-during-october-war.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wet2006-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wet2006_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._J._De_Wet2006" class="citation book cs1">C. J. De Wet (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1SQpTIxa63MC&pg=PA198"><i>Development-induced Displacement: Problems, Policies, and People</i></a>. Berghahn Books. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-095-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-095-3"><bdi>978-1-84545-095-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Development-induced+Displacement%3A+Problems%2C+Policies%2C+and+People&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84545-095-3&rft.au=C.+J.+De+Wet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1SQpTIxa63MC%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.masress.com/almesryoon/23704">"Sadat's Wife autobiography"</a> (in Arabic).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sadat%27s+Wife+autobiography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.masress.com%2Falmesryoon%2F23704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlagna2004" class="citation book cs1">Alagna, Magdalena (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9lIOS5DjocIC&q=Anwar%20sadat%20graduated%20from%20the%20Royal%20military&pg=PA102"><i>Anwar Sadat</i></a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-4464-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-4464-4"><bdi>978-0-8239-4464-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anwar+Sadat&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8239-4464-4&rft.aulast=Alagna&rft.aufirst=Magdalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9lIOS5DjocIC%26q%3DAnwar%2520sadat%2520graduated%2520from%2520the%2520Royal%2520military%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner2007" class="citation book cs1">Wagner, Heather Lehr (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X7AQ5URiP2sC&q=Anwar%20sadat%20graduated%20from%20the%20Royal%20military&pg=PA29"><i>Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin: Negotiating Peace in the Middle East</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0440-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0440-9"><bdi>978-1-4381-0440-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anwar+Sadat+and+Menachem+Begin%3A+Negotiating+Peace+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0440-9&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Heather+Lehr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX7AQ5URiP2sC%26q%3DAnwar%2520sadat%2520graduated%2520from%2520the%2520Royal%2520military%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETripp199366-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETripp199366_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTripp1993">Tripp 1993</a>, p. 66"It is, therefore, significant that a number of the Free Officers who were to be responsible for the overthrow of the king in 1952 obtained their political 'initiation' within the army through Ali Mahir's secret Officers' Organisation. The most obvious examples are Yusuf Mansur Sadiq, Abd al-Wahhab Salim al-Bishri and Muhammad Rashad Mahanna. In addition, Muhammad Nagib and his brother Ali were members of the organisation. Indeed, it has been suggested that virtually all of the most prominent Free Officers were members of what became known later as King Faruq's 'Iron Guard'. This claim should be treated with caution. Nevertheless, one of its aspects receives unwitting corroboration by one of the Free Officers, Anwar al-Sadat."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin1977" class="citation news cs1">Benjamin, Milton R. (20 November 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1977/11/20/sadat-the-man-who-admires-a-bold-gamble/e10a5e28-78d9-4568-ba53-a0ff337044fd/">"Sadat: The Man Who Admires A Bold Gamble"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Sadat%3A+The+Man+Who+Admires+A+Bold+Gamble&rft.date=1977-11-20&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Benjamin&rft.aufirst=Milton+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1977%2F11%2F20%2Fsadat-the-man-who-admires-a-bold-gamble%2Fe10a5e28-78d9-4568-ba53-a0ff337044fd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSādāt1978" class="citation book cs1">Sādāt, Anwar as- (1978). <i>In search of identity: an autobiography</i>. New York: Harper & Row. pp. <span class="nowrap">33–</span>42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-013742-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-013742-7"><bdi>978-0-06-013742-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+search+of+identity%3A+an+autobiography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-06-013742-7&rft.aulast=S%C4%81d%C4%81t&rft.aufirst=Anwar+as-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlterman1998" class="citation web cs1">Alterman, Jon B. (1 April 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/sadat-and-his-legacy-egypt-and-world-1977-1997">"Sadat and His Legacy: Egypt and the World, 1977–1997"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" title="The Washington Institute for Near East Policy">The Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sadat+and+His+Legacy%3A+Egypt+and+the+World%2C+1977%E2%80%931997&rft.pub=The+Washington+Institute+for+Near+East+Policy&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.aulast=Alterman&rft.aufirst=Jon+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fsadat-and-his-legacy-egypt-and-world-1977-1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/6/3347/Egyptian-Revolution-of-1952">"Egyptian Revolution of 1952"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Egypt_Today" title="Egypt Today">Egypt Today</a></i>. 19 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Egypt+Today&rft.atitle=Egyptian+Revolution+of+1952&rft.date=2017-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.egypttoday.com%2FArticle%2F6%2F3347%2FEgyptian-Revolution-of-1952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alt1998-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alt1998_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlterman1998" class="citation web cs1">Alterman, Jon B. (1 November 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/new-media-new-politics-satellite-television-internet-arab-world-0">"New Media New Politics?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" title="The Washington Institute for Near East Policy">The Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513133813/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyPaper48.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Media+New+Politics%3F&rft.pub=The+Washington+Institute+for+Near+East+Policy&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.aulast=Alterman&rft.aufirst=Jon+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fnew-media-new-politics-satellite-television-internet-arab-world-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ottowac-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ottowac_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lccyAAAAIBAJ&pg=1767,5177440">"Big 'yes' for Anwar Sadat"</a>. <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>. Cairo. Associated Press. 16 October 1970<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Big+%27yes%27+for+Anwar+Sadat&rft.date=1970-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DlccyAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1767%2C5177440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytobit-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_24-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPace1981" class="citation news cs1">Pace, Eric (7 October 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/07/obituaries/anwar-el-sadat-daring-arab-pioneer-peace-with-israel-sadat-s-innovations-sprang.html">"Anwar el-Sadat, the Daring Arab Pioneer of Peace with Israel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Anwar+el-Sadat%2C+the+Daring+Arab+Pioneer+of+Peace+with+Israel&rft.date=1981-10-07&rft.aulast=Pace&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F10%2F07%2Fobituaries%2Fanwar-el-sadat-daring-arab-pioneer-peace-with-israel-sadat-s-innovations-sprang.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1900s/yr70/fegypt1971a.htm">"Egypt Corrective Revolution 1971"</a>. Onwar. 16 December 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201042948/http://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1900s/yr70/fegypt1971a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Egypt+Corrective+Revolution+1971&rft.pub=Onwar&rft.date=2000-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onwar.com%2Faced%2Fchrono%2Fc1900s%2Fyr70%2Ffegypt1971a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pharaon'_p.74-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pharaon'_p.74_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pharaon'_p.74_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le prophète et Pharaon</i> by Kepel, p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKepel2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Kepel" title="Gilles Kepel">Kepel, Gilles</a> (2002). <a href="/wiki/Jihad:_The_Trail_of_Political_Islam" title="Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam"><i>Jihad: Expansion et Déclin de l"Islamisme</i></a> [<i>Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam</i>]. trans. Anthony F. Roberts. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-00877-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-00877-4"><bdi>0-674-00877-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jihad%3A+Expansion+et+D%C3%A9clin+de+l%22Islamisme&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-674-00877-4&rft.aulast=Kepel&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazit1997" class="citation journal cs1">Gazit, Mordechai (January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/261078">"Egypt and Israel – Was There a Peace Opportunity Missed in 1971?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Contemporary_History" title="Journal of Contemporary History">Journal of Contemporary History</a></i>. <b>32</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">97–</span>115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002200949703200107">10.1177/002200949703200107</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/261078">261078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Egypt+and+Israel+%E2%80%93+Was+There+a+Peace+Opportunity+Missed+in+1971%3F&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.date=1997-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200949703200107&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F261078%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gazit&rft.aufirst=Mordechai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F261078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPodeh2015" class="citation book cs1">Podeh, Elie (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/305607-015/pdf">"Chapter ten. The Jarring Mission and the Sadat Initiative (1971)"</a>. <i>Chances for Peace</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">102–</span>121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7560%2F305607-015">10.7560/305607-015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4773-0561-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4773-0561-4"><bdi>978-1-4773-0561-4</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+ten.+The+Jarring+Mission+and+the+Sadat+Initiative+%281971%29&rft.btitle=Chances+for+Peace&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E102-%3C%2Fspan%3E121&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7560%2F305607-015&rft.isbn=978-1-4773-0561-4&rft.aulast=Podeh&rft.aufirst=Elie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7560%2F305607-015%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2020" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Geraint (5 April 2020). "Courting Sadat: The Heath Government and Britain's Arms Sales to Egypt, 1970–1973". <i>The International History Review</i>. <b>43</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">317–</span>332. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07075332.2020.1745256">10.1080/07075332.2020.1745256</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0707-5332">0707-5332</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216279788">216279788</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+History+Review&rft.atitle=Courting+Sadat%3A+The+Heath+Government+and+Britain%27s+Arms+Sales+to+Egypt%2C+1970%E2%80%931973&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E317-%3C%2Fspan%3E332&rft.date=2020-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216279788%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0707-5332&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07075332.2020.1745256&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Geraint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKordunskyLokesson2013" class="citation news cs1">Kordunsky, Anna; Lokesson, Michael (5 July 2013). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/130705-egypt-morsi-government-overthrow-military-revolution-independence-history">"The Egyptian Military's Huge Historical Role"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130708073756/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/07/130705-egypt-morsi-government-overthrow-military-revolution-independence-history/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=The+Egyptian+Military%27s+Huge+Historical+Role&rft.date=2013-07-05&rft.aulast=Kordunsky&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.au=Lokesson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fhistory%2Farticle%2F130705-egypt-morsi-government-overthrow-military-revolution-independence-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Ann_Fay1990" class="citation web cs1">Mary Ann Fay (December 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+eg0051)">"A Country Study"</a>. The Library of Congress. pp. Chapter 1, Egypt: The Aftermath of War: October 1973 War<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Country+Study&rft.pages=Chapter+1%2C+Egypt%3A+The+Aftermath+of+War%3A+October+1973+War&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1990-12&rft.au=Mary+Ann+Fay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Beg0051%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB98/octwar-59.pdf">"Situation report in the Middle East"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031018153432/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB98/octwar-59.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 October 2003 – via <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Situation+report+in+the+Middle+East&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsarchive2.gwu.edu%2FNSAEBB%2FNSAEBB98%2Foctwar-59.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolan1990" class="citation book cs1">Golan, Galia (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/004711789201100106?download=true&journalCode=ireb"><i>Soviet Policies in the Middle East: From World War Two to Gorbachev</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F004711789201100106">10.1177/004711789201100106</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-35859-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-35859-0"><bdi>978-0-521-35859-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet+Policies+in+the+Middle+East%3A+From+World+War+Two+to+Gorbachev&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F004711789201100106&rft.isbn=978-0-521-35859-0&rft.aulast=Golan&rft.aufirst=Galia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1177%2F004711789201100106%3Fdownload%3Dtrue%26journalCode%3Direb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2001" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Benny (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xC_uIe9G2FYC&q=Morris+2011+righteous+victims"><i>Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–1998</i></a>. New York: 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-42120-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-42120-7"><bdi>978-0-679-42120-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Righteous+Victims%3A+A+History+of+the+Zionist-Arab+Conflict%2C+1881%E2%80%931998&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=1999&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-679-42120-7&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxC_uIe9G2FYC%26q%3DMorris%2B2011%2Brighteous%2Bvictims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npc-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npc_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/record/pressclub/sadat.html">"National Press Club Luncheon Speakers, Anwar Sadat, February 6, 1978"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Club_(United_States)" title="National Press Club (United States)">National Press Club</a> via <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. 6 February 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Press+Club+Luncheon+Speakers%2C+Anwar+Sadat%2C+February+6%2C+1978&rft.pub=National+Press+Club+via+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1978-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Frecord%2Fpressclub%2Fsadat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=200199&dt=2476&dl=1345">"Text of diplomatic cable regarding Graham's visit to Egypt (US government website)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Text+of+diplomatic+cable+regarding+Graham%27s+visit+to+Egypt+%28US+government+website%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faad.archives.gov%2Faad%2Fcreatepdf%3Frid%3D200199%26dt%3D2476%26dl%3D1345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/speeches/1976/documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19760408_presidente-egitto_en.html">"Text of Pope's message to Sadat"</a>. Vatican. 1976<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Text+of+Pope%27s+message+to+Sadat&rft.pub=Vatican&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fpaul_vi%2Fspeeches%2F1976%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_p-vi_spe_19760408_presidente-egitto_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=80873&dt=2082&dl=1345">"John Anthony Volpe (US Ambassador to Italy), cable describing Sadat's visit to the Vatican"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Anthony+Volpe+%28US+Ambassador+to+Italy%29%2C+cable+describing+Sadat%27s+visit+to+the+Vatican&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faad.archives.gov%2Faad%2Fcreatepdf%3Frid%3D80873%26dt%3D2082%26dl%3D1345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110112220609/http://sadat.umd.edu/archives/remarks/AAFX%20Hawadeth2.3.76.pdf.PDF">"Sadat interview to El Hawadeth"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sadat.umd.edu/archives/remarks/AAFX%20Hawadeth2.3.76.pdf.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sadat+interview+to+El+Hawadeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sadat.umd.edu%2Farchives%2Fremarks%2FAAFX%2520Hawadeth2.3.76.pdf.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foia.state.gov/documents/Kissinger/0000D748.pdf">"Telephone conversation between Kissinger and Rabin, February 5, 1976"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816133434/http://foia.state.gov/documents/Kissinger/0000D748.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telephone+conversation+between+Kissinger+and+Rabin%2C+February+5%2C+1976&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffoia.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2FKissinger%2F0000D748.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Ann Weaver, <i>Portrait of Egypt</i>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlivier1994" class="citation book cs1">Olivier, Roy (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/56"><i>Failure of Political Islam</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/56">56</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-29140-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-29140-9"><bdi>978-0-674-29140-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Failure+of+Political+Islam&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-674-29140-9&rft.aulast=Olivier&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffailureofpolitic00royo%2Fpage%2F56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeaver1999" class="citation book cs1">Weaver, Mary Ann (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portraitofegyptj00weav/page/25"><i>Portrait of Egypt</i></a>. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portraitofegyptj00weav/page/25">25</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-23542-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-23542-0"><bdi>978-0-374-23542-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portrait+of+Egypt&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-374-23542-0&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Mary+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fportraitofegyptj00weav%2Fpage%2F25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegev2022" class="citation news cs1">Regev, Mark (24 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-723321">"Looking back at Egypt's Anwar Sadat's historic Jerusalem visit, 45 years ago – opinion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Looking+back+at+Egypt%27s+Anwar+Sadat%27s+historic+Jerusalem+visit%2C+45+years+ago+%E2%80%93+opinion&rft.date=2022-11-24&rft.aulast=Regev&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fopinion%2Farticle-723321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecf.org.il/issues/issue/836">"Egyptian President Sadat's Speech in Jerusalem (1977)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Foundation" title="Economic Cooperation Foundation">Economic Cooperation Foundation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Egyptian+President+Sadat%27s+Speech+in+Jerusalem+%281977%29&rft.pub=Economic+Cooperation+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecf.org.il%2Fissues%2Fissue%2F836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerenji2020" class="citation journal cs1">Berenji, Shahin (1 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://direct.mit.edu/isec/article-abstract/45/1/127/95253/Sadat-and-the-Road-to-Jerusalem-Bold-Gestures-and?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"Sadat and the Road to Jerusalem: Bold Gestures and Risk Acceptance in the Search for Peace"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Security_(journal)" title="International Security (journal)">International Security</a></i>. <b>45</b>: <span class="nowrap">127–</span>163. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Fisec_a_00381">10.1162/isec_a_00381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Sadat+and+the+Road+to+Jerusalem%3A+Bold+Gestures+and+Risk+Acceptance+in+the+Search+for+Peace&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E127-%3C%2Fspan%3E163&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2Fisec_a_00381&rft.aulast=Berenji&rft.aufirst=Shahin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirect.mit.edu%2Fisec%2Farticle-abstract%2F45%2F1%2F127%2F95253%2FSadat-and-the-Road-to-Jerusalem-Bold-Gestures-and%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1978/al-sadat-lecture.html">"Anwar Al-Sadat"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209035459/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1978/al-sadat-lecture.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anwar+Al-Sadat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F1978%2Fal-sadat-lecture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVatikiotis1992" class="citation book cs1">Vatikiotis, P.J. (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderne00vati"><i>The History of Modern Egypt</i></a></span> (Fourth ed.). Baltimore: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderne00vati/page/443">443</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-4214-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-4214-6"><bdi>978-0-8018-4214-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Modern+Egypt&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=443&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-4214-6&rft.aulast=Vatikiotis&rft.aufirst=P.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmoderne00vati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1978/press.html">"The Nobel Peace Prize 1978 – Presentation Speech"</a>. Nobel prize. 1978<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+1978+%E2%80%93+Presentation+Speech&rft.pub=Nobel+prize&rft.date=1978&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F1978%2Fpress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrobertson.com/Teaching/patprophecy.asp">"Teaching"</a>. Pat Robertson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101221080848/http://patrobertson.com/Teaching/patprophecy.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teaching&rft.pub=Pat+Robertson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrobertson.com%2FTeaching%2Fpatprophecy.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-psalm-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-psalm_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-psalm_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-psalm_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-psalm_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-psalm_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZephyr2014" class="citation book cs1">Zephyr, Alexander (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9VGnBQAAQBAJ&q=%22dear+brother%22+%22sadat%22&pg=PA134"><i>Psalm 83: A New Discovery</i></a>. iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4917-5074-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4917-5074-2"><bdi>978-1-4917-5074-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psalm+83%3A+A+New+Discovery&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4917-5074-2&rft.aulast=Zephyr&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9VGnBQAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522dear%2Bbrother%2522%2B%2522sadat%2522%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An Ideology of Martyrdom – <i>Time</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le prophète et Pharaon</i> by Kepel, p. 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, 2006, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Cracking Down', <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, 14 September 1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le prophète et Pharaon</i> by Kepel, pp. 103–104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, 2006, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For an account that uses this version of events, look at Middle East Report's January–March 1996 issue, specifically Hisham Mubarak's interview with ? On pages 42–43 Qasim deals specifically with rumors of Jihad Group involvement in the assassination, and denies them entirely.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/Audio/Events-of-1981/Anwar-Sadat-Killed">"1981 Year in Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></i>. 1981.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=1981+Year+in+Review&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2FAudio%2FEvents-of-1981%2FAnwar-Sadat-Killed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130223041314/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/734/profile.htm">"Taher Helmi: Feats of circumstance"</a>. <i>Al Ahram Weekly</i>. 23 March 2005. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Ahram+Weekly&rft.atitle=Taher+Helmi%3A+Feats+of+circumstance&rft.date=2005-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweekly.ahram.org.eg%2F2005%2F734%2Fprofile.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ys47hQQ45y0"><i>Taher Helmy's Speech at the AUC Commencement Ceremony 2008</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/ys47hQQ45y0">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taher+Helmy%27s+Speech+at+the+AUC+Commencement+Ceremony+2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dys47hQQ45y0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dickovick2012-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dickovick2012_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Tyler_Dickovick2012" class="citation book cs1">J. Tyler Dickovick (9 August 2012). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africa20120000dick"><i>Africa 2012</i></a></span>. Stryker Post. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africa20120000dick/page/41">41</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61048-882-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61048-882-2"><bdi>978-1-61048-882-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa+2012&rft.pages=41-&rft.pub=Stryker+Post&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft.isbn=978-1-61048-882-2&rft.au=J.+Tyler+Dickovick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafrica20120000dick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirolos1981" class="citation news cs1">Kirolos, W.G. (9 October 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/10/09/Sadat-goes-to-heros-grave-in-pyramid/2259371448000/">"Sadat goes to hero's grave in pyramid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Sadat+goes+to+hero%27s+grave+in+pyramid&rft.date=1981-10-09&rft.aulast=Kirolos&rft.aufirst=W.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1981%2F10%2F09%2FSadat-goes-to-heros-grave-in-pyramid%2F2259371448000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Avner, Yehuda (2010). <i>The Prime Ministers</i> (p. 575). The Toby Press, LLC. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStack2011" class="citation news cs1">Stack, Liam (17 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/18/world/middleeast/18egypt.html">"Egypt Releases Brother of Al Qaeda's No. 2"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Egypt+Releases+Brother+of+Al+Qaeda%27s+No.+2&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft.aulast=Stack&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F03%2F18%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F18egypt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6064146.stm">"Sadat nephew in court appearance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 18 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sadat+nephew+in+court+appearance&rft.date=2006-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F6064146.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/28/movies/suit-over-film-sadat-is-dismissed-in-cairo.html">"Suit Over Film 'Sadat' Is Dismissed in Cairo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 28 March 1984.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Suit+Over+Film+%27Sadat%27+Is+Dismissed+in+Cairo&rft.date=1984-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F03%2F28%2Fmovies%2Fsuit-over-film-sadat-is-dismissed-in-cairo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowser-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowser_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benjamin P. Bowser, <i>Racism and Anti-Racism in World Perspective (Sage Series on Race and Ethnic Relations, Volume 13)</i>, (Sage Publications, Inc: 1995), p. 108<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40F1FF63C5F0C718CDDAB0894DC484D81">Upset by 'Sadat,' Egypt Bars Columbia Films</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter M. Ulloth, Dana Brasch, <i>The Press and the State: Sociohistorical and Contemporary Studies</i>, (<a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_America" title="University Press of America">University Press of America</a>: 1987), p. 483</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarie2018" class="citation news cs1">Marie, Mustafa (25 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/62580/ET-presents-most-prominent-works-portraying-late-President-Sadat">"ET presents most prominent works portraying late President Sadat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Egypt_Today" title="Egypt Today">Egypt Today</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Egypt+Today&rft.atitle=ET+presents+most+prominent+works+portraying+late+President+Sadat&rft.date=2018-12-25&rft.aulast=Marie&rft.aufirst=Mustafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.egypttoday.com%2FArticle%2F4%2F62580%2FET-presents-most-prominent-works-portraying-late-President-Sadat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928010854/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/1965.pdf">"Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1965"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/1965.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senarai+Penuh+Penerima+Darjah+Kebesaran%2C+Bintang+dan+Pingat+Persekutuan+Tahun+1965.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.istiadat.gov.my%2Fv8%2Fimages%2Fstories%2F1965.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/61941/Trump-signs-law-honoring-Anwar-Sadat">"Trump signs law honoring Anwar Sadat"</a>. 14 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trump+signs+law+honoring+Anwar+Sadat&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egypttoday.com%2FArticle%2F1%2F61941%2FTrump-signs-law-honoring-Anwar-Sadat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slvesnik.com.mk/Issues/A0A62B206DD7485AAAC191F44DC06E88.pdf">"Одликувања"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Službeni list SFRJ</i> (in Macedonian). <b>XXXIII</b> (45): 1764. 1764.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slu%C5%BEbeni+list+SFRJ&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0&rft.volume=XXXIII&rft.issue=45&rft.pages=1764&rft.date=1764&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slvesnik.com.mk%2FIssues%2FA0A62B206DD7485AAAC191F44DC06E88.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTripp1993" class="citation book cs1">Tripp, Charles (1993). "Ali Mahir and the Politics of the Egyptian Army, 1936–1942". <i>Contemporary Egypt: Through Egyptian eyes</i>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">45–</span>71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203413166" title="Special:BookSources/9780203413166"><bdi>9780203413166</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ali+Mahir+and+the+Politics+of+the+Egyptian+Army%2C+1936%E2%80%931942&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Egypt%3A+Through+Egyptian+eyes&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E71&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780203413166&rft.aulast=Tripp&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvner2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Avner" title="Yehuda Avner">Avner, Yehuda</a> (2010). <i>The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership</i>. The Toby Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59264-278-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59264-278-6"><bdi>978-1-59264-278-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prime+Ministers%3A+An+Intimate+Narrative+of+Israeli+Leadership&rft.pub=The+Toby+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59264-278-6&rft.aulast=Avner&rft.aufirst=Yehuda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Berenji, Shahin. "Sadat and the Road to Jerusalem: Bold Gestures and Risk Acceptance in the Search for Peace." <i>International Security</i> 45.1 (2020): 127–163.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEidelberg1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Eidelberg" title="Paul Eidelberg">Eidelberg, Paul</a> (1979). <i>Sadat's Strategy</i>. Dollard des Ormeaux: Dawn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9690001-0-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9690001-0-5"><bdi>978-0-9690001-0-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sadat%27s+Strategy&rft.place=Dollard+des+Ormeaux&rft.pub=Dawn+Books&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-9690001-0-5&rft.aulast=Eidelberg&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Finklestone, Joseph. <i>Anwar Sadat: visionary who dared</i> (Routledge, 2013). biography.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaykal1982" class="citation book cs1">Haykal, Muhammad Hasanayn (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/autumnoffury00muha"><i>Autumn of Fury: The Assassination of Sadat</i></a>. Wm Collins & Sons & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-53136-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-53136-6"><bdi>978-0-394-53136-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autumn+of+Fury%3A+The+Assassination+of+Sadat&rft.pub=Wm+Collins+%26+Sons+%26+Co&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-394-53136-6&rft.aulast=Haykal&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Hasanayn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fautumnoffury00muha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurwitzMedad2010" class="citation book cs1">Hurwitz, Harry; Medad, Yisrael (2010). <i>Peace in the Making</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gefen_Publishing_House" title="Gefen Publishing House">Gefen Publishing House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-229-456-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-229-456-2"><bdi>978-965-229-456-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peace+in+the+Making&rft.pub=Gefen+Publishing+House&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-965-229-456-2&rft.aulast=Hurwitz&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.au=Medad%2C+Yisrael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Israeli, Raphael. "Sadat: The Calculus of War and Peace." <i>The Diplomats, 1939–1979</i> (Princeton University Press, 2019) pp. 436–458. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv8pz9nc.21">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeital1997" class="citation book cs1">Meital, Yoram (1997). <i>Egypt's Struggle for Peace: Continuity and Change, 1967–1971</i>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-1533-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-1533-0"><bdi>978-0-8130-1533-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egypt%27s+Struggle+for+Peace%3A+Continuity+and+Change%2C+1967%E2%80%931971&rft.place=Gainesville&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8130-1533-0&rft.aulast=Meital&rft.aufirst=Yoram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterbury1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Waterbury" title="John Waterbury">Waterbury, John</a> (1983). <i>The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat: The Political Economy of Two Regimes</i> (Limited ed.). <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-07650-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-07650-8"><bdi>978-0-691-07650-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Egypt+of+Nasser+and+Sadat%3A+The+Political+Economy+of+Two+Regimes&rft.edition=Limited&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-691-07650-8&rft.aulast=Waterbury&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wright" title="Lawrence Wright">Wright, Lawrence</a> (2006). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Looming_Tower" title="The Looming Tower">The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11</a></i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Knopf</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-41486-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-41486-2"><bdi>978-0-375-41486-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Looming+Tower%3A+Al-Qaeda+and+the+Road+to+9%2F11&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-375-41486-2&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnwar+Sadat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output 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<div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Anwar Sadat</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anwar_Sadat" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Anwar Sadat">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" class="extiw" title="q:Anwar Sadat">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42013" class="extiw" title="d:Q42013">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.eg/en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA/">Presidency biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sadat.bibalex.org/">Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Front Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010072803/http://www.shapell.org/manuscript/david-ben-gurion-on-sadat-and-peace-with-egypt-1971">Ben-Gurion on Anwar Sadat Wanting Peace, 1971</a> Shapell Manuscript Foundation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sadat.umd.edu/">Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland">University of Maryland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/remarks-presentation-ceremony-presidential-medal-freedom-6"><i>Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom – March 26, 1984</i></a> via <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0755427/">Anwar Sadat</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/s/anwar_el_sadat/index.html">Anwar Sadat</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060322184036/http://www.angelfire.com/art3/eg05/killingSadat.htm">Free Egyptians Point of View About Sadat's Assassination</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Arabic and English)</span> (Internet Archive)</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.649189"><i>Anwar Sadat (1976)</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwwYARiWon0">Sadat Movie (Produced in 1983) – Banned from the Middle East because of some historical mistakes.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/538">Anwar al-Sadat</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42013#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Abdul Latif El-Bughadi</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Assembly_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Assembly of Egypt">People's Assembly of Egypt</a> </b><br />1960–1968 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Dr. Mohamed Labib Skokeir</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">President of Egypt</a> </b><br />1970–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sufi_Abu_Taleb" title="Sufi Abu Taleb">Sufi Abu Taleb</a> acting</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sedki" class="mw-redirect" title="Aziz Sedki">Aziz Sedki</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime Minister of Egypt</a> </b><br />1973–1974 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Muhammad_Hejazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdelaziz Muhammad Hejazi">Abdelaziz Muhammad Hejazi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Khalil" title="Mustafa Khalil">Mustafa Khalil</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime Minister of Egypt</a> </b><br />1980–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Egypt)" title="National Democratic Party (Egypt)">Chairman of the National Democratic Party</a> </b><br />1978–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Egyptian_Revolutionary_Command_Council42" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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href="/wiki/Mohamed_Naguib" title="Mohamed Naguib">Mohamed Naguib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Latif_Boghdadi_(politician)" title="Abdel Latif Boghdadi (politician)">Abdel Latif Boghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Hakim_Amer" title="Abdel Hakim Amer">Abdel Hakim Amer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Salem" title="Gamal Salem">Gamal Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Salem" title="Salah Salem">Salah Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakaria_Mohieddin" title="Zakaria Mohieddin">Zakaria Mohieddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mohieddin" title="Khaled Mohieddin">Khaled Mohieddin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anwar Sadat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_el-Shafei" title="Hussein el-Shafei">Hussein el-Shafei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ibrahim" title="Hassan Ibrahim">Hassan Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_el-Din_Hussein" title="Kamal el-Din Hussein">Kamal el-Din Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Amin" title="Abdel Moneim Amin">Abdel Moneim Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youssef_Seddik_(revolutionary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Youssef Seddik (revolutionary)">Youssef Seddik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Anwar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Anwar (page does not exist)">Ahmed Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Rifaat" title="Kamal Rifaat">Kamal Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Shawqi_(officer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Shawqi (officer) (page does not exist)">Ahmed Shawqi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutfi_Wahid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutfi Wahid (page does not exist)">Lutfi Wahid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Egypt" title="List of presidents of Egypt">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_(Official).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Egypt"><img alt="Coat of arms of Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg/37px-Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg/55px-Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg/73px-Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Egypt</figcaption></figure></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Naguib" title="Mohamed Naguib">Mohamed Naguib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anwar Sadat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sufi_Abu_Taleb" title="Sufi Abu Taleb">Sufi Abu Taleb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tantawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Tantawi">Muhammad Tantawi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adly_Mansour" title="Adly Mansour">Adly Mansour</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italic</i>: acting or interim president</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Egypt&#124;link=Egypt_Prime_ministers_of_Egypt_(list)1045" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Egypt" title="Template:Prime ministers of Egypt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Egypt" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Egypt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Egypt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Egypt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Egypt&#124;link=Egypt_Prime_ministers_of_Egypt_(list)1045" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime ministers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Egypt" title="List of prime ministers of Egypt">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Khedivate of Egypt</a><br />(1878–1914)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nubar_Pasha" title="Nubar Pasha">Nobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_Pasha_of_Egypt" title="Isma'il Pasha of Egypt">Isma'il</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_interim"><a href="#endnote_interim">1</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewfik_Pasha" title="Tewfik Pasha">Tewfik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Sherif_Pasha" title="Mohamed Sherif Pasha">Sherif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewfik_Pasha" title="Tewfik Pasha">Tewfik</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_interim"><a href="#endnote_interim">1</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riaz_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Riaz Pasha">Riaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Sherif_Pasha" title="Mohamed Sherif Pasha">Sherif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Sami_Elbaroudi" title="Mahmoud Sami Elbaroudi">Elbaroudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghib_Pasha" title="Raghib Pasha">Raghib</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_orabi"><a href="#endnote_orabi">2</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Sherif_Pasha" title="Mohamed Sherif Pasha">Sherif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubar_Pasha" title="Nubar Pasha">Nobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riaz_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Riaz Pasha">Riaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Fahmi" title="Mustafa Fahmi">Fahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Fakhry_Pasha" title="Hussein Fakhry Pasha">Fakhry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riaz_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Riaz Pasha">Riaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubar_Pasha" title="Nubar Pasha">Nobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Fahmi" title="Mustafa Fahmi">Fahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutros_Ghali" title="Boutros Ghali">Ghaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Said_Pasha" title="Mohamed Said Pasha">Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Roshdy_Pasha" title="Hussein Roshdy Pasha">Roshdy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg/40px-Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg/60px-Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg/80px-Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Egypt_(1882-1922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281882-1922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Egypt_(1922-1958).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Egypt_(1952%E2%80%931958).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Egypt_%281952%E2%80%931958%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281952%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Egypt_%281952%E2%80%931958%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281952%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Egypt_%281952%E2%80%931958%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281952%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Egypt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/40px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/60px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/80px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Sultanate of Egypt</a><br />(1914–1922)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Roshdy_Pasha" title="Hussein Roshdy Pasha">Roshdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Said_Pasha" title="Mohamed Said Pasha">Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youssef_Wahba" title="Youssef Wahba">Wahba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Tawfik_Naseem_Pasha" title="Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha">Naseem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adly_Yakan_Pasha" title="Adly Yakan Pasha">Yakan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Kingdom of Egypt</a><br />(1922–1953)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Khalek_Sarwat_Pasha" title="Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha">Sarwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Tawfik_Naseem_Pasha" title="Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha">Naseem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Ibrahim_Pasha" title="Yahya Ibrahim Pasha">Y. Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_Zaghloul" title="Saad Zaghloul">Zaghloul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zeiwar_Pasha" title="Ahmed Zeiwar Pasha">Zeiwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adly_Yakan_Pasha" title="Adly Yakan Pasha">Yakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Khalek_Sarwat_Pasha" title="Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha">Sarwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Nahas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mostafa El-Nahas">Nahas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Mahmoud_Pasha" title="Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha">Mahmoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adly_Yakan_Pasha" title="Adly Yakan Pasha">Yakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Nahas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mostafa El-Nahas">Nahas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Sidky" title="Ismail Sidky">Sidky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_Yahya_Pasha" title="Abdel Fattah Yahya Pasha">A. Yahya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Tawfik_Naseem_Pasha" title="Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha">Naseem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aly_Maher_Pasha" title="Aly Maher Pasha">Aly Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Nahas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mostafa El-Nahas">Nahas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Mahmoud_Pasha" title="Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha">Mahmoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aly_Maher_Pasha" title="Aly Maher Pasha">Aly Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sabry_Pasha" title="Hassan Sabry Pasha">H. Sabry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Sirri_Pasha_(1894%E2%80%931960)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussein Sirri Pasha (1894–1960)">Sirri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Nahas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mostafa El-Nahas">Nahas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Maher_Pasha" title="Ahmad Maher Pasha">Ahmad Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_El_Nokrashy_Pasha" title="Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha">Nokrashy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Sidky" title="Ismail Sidky">Sidky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_El_Nokrashy_Pasha" title="Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha">Nokrashy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Abdel_Hady_Pasha" title="Ibrahim Abdel Hady Pasha">Hady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Sirri_Pasha_(1894%E2%80%931960)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussein Sirri Pasha (1894–1960)">Sirri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Nahas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mostafa El-Nahas">Nahas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aly_Maher_Pasha" title="Aly Maher Pasha">Aly Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Naguib_el-Hilaly" title="Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly">Hilaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Sirri_Pasha_(1894%E2%80%931960)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussein Sirri Pasha (1894–1960)">Sirri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Naguib_el-Hilaly" title="Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly">Hilaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aly_Maher_Pasha" title="Aly Maher Pasha">Aly Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Naguib" title="Mohamed Naguib">Naguib</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_rebellion"><a href="#endnote_rebellion">3</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Republic of Egypt</a><br />(1953–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Naguib" title="Mohamed Naguib">Naguib</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_rebellion"><a href="#endnote_rebellion">3</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_rebellion"><a href="#endnote_rebellion">3</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Naguib" title="Mohamed Naguib">Naguib</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_rebellion"><a href="#endnote_rebellion">3</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_rebellion"><a href="#endnote_rebellion">3,</a></sup><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_uar"><a href="#endnote_uar">4</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sabri" title="Ali Sabri">A. Sabry</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_uar"><a href="#endnote_uar">4</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakaria_Mohieddin" title="Zakaria Mohieddin">Z. Mohieddin</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_uar"><a href="#endnote_uar">4</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Sedki_Sulayman" title="Mohamed Sedki Sulayman">Sulayman</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_uar"><a href="#endnote_uar">4</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_uar"><a href="#endnote_uar">4</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Fawzi" title="Mahmoud Fawzi">Fawzi</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_uar"><a href="#endnote_uar">4</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sedky" title="Aziz Sedky">A. Sedky</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sadat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_Mohamed_Hegazy" title="Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy">Hegazy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamdouh_Salem" title="Mamdouh Salem">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Khalil" title="Mustafa Khalil">Khalil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sadat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fuad_Mohieddin" title="Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin">A. F. Mohieddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Hassan_Aly" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamal Hassan Aly">Aly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aly_Lotfy_Mahmoud" title="Aly Lotfy Mahmoud">Lotfy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef_Sedky" title="Atef Sedky">A. M. N. Sedky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Ganzouri" title="Kamal Ganzouri">Ganzouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef_Ebeid" title="Atef Ebeid">Ebeid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Nazif" title="Ahmed Nazif">Nazif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Shafik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essam_Sharaf" title="Essam Sharaf">Sharaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Ganzouri" title="Kamal Ganzouri">Ganzouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesham_Qandil" title="Hesham Qandil">Qandil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazem_El_Beblawi" title="Hazem El Beblawi">Beblawi</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_interim"><a href="#endnote_interim">1</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Mahlab" title="Ibrahim Mahlab">Mahlab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherif_Ismail" title="Sherif Ismail">Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Madbouly" title="Mostafa Madbouly">Madbouly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_interim"><b><a href="#ref_interim">^1</a></b></span> interim</dd> <dd><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_orabi"><b><a href="#ref_orabi">^2</a></b></span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Urabi" title="Ahmed Urabi">Urabi</a></dd> <dd><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_rebellion"><b><a href="#ref_rebellion">^3</a></b></span> headed a government in rebellion, July–September 1882, beginning during Raghib's term</dd> <dd><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_uar"><b><a href="#ref_uar">^4</a></b></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">UAR</a> period</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cold_War16183" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War" title="Template talk:Cold War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cold_War16183" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Northeast Asia Treaty Organization">NEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_rebellion" title="Hukbalahap rebellion">Hukbalahap rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation <i>Priboi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation <i>Jungle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation <i>Unthinkable</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Operation <i>Masterdom</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation <i>Beleaguer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blacklist_Forty" title="Operation Blacklist Forty">Operation <i>Blacklist Forty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Plan" title="Baruch Plan">Baruch Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restatement_of_Policy_on_Germany" title="Restatement of Policy on Germany">Restatement of Policy on Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Polish parliamentary election">1947 Polish parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Relations_Conference" title="Asian Relations Conference">Asian Relations Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council#Incapacitation_of_the_council" title="Allied Control Council">Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="March 1949 Syrian coup d'état">March 1949 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Operation Valuable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_curtain" title="Bamboo curtain">Bamboo curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War (1952–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the <i>Tuapse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_will_bury_you" title="We will bury you">We will bury you</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation <i>Gladio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957" title="Syrian Crisis of 1957">Syrian Crisis of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Iraqi 14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Soviets_from_Albania" title="Expulsion of Soviets from Albania">Expulsion of Soviets from Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo" title="El Porteñazo">El Porteñazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Dirty_War" title="Mexican Dirty War">Mexican Dirty War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_massacre" title="Tlatelolco massacre">Tlatelolco massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_DMZ_Conflict" title="Korean DMZ Conflict">Korean DMZ Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)#Pueblo_incident" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS <i>Pueblo</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Communist insurgency in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Goulash Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcora_Exercise" title="Alcora Exercise">Alcora Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_diplomacy" title="Ping-pong diplomacy">Ping-pong diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)" title="Corrective revolution (Egypt)">Corrective revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 Turkish military memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Bolivian coup d'état">1971 Bolivian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen#Disputes_with_North_Yemen" title="South Yemen">North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yemenite_War" title="First Yemenite War">First Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%931975_Bangladesh_insurgency" title="1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency">1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">1973 Afghan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Siege of Dhaka (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Sipahi-Janata revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Indochina_War" title="Third Indochina War">Third Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation <i>Condor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 902">Korean Air Lines Flight 902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Chadian–Libyan War">Chadian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement">New Jewel Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Herat_uprising" title="1979 Herat uprising">1979 Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine" title="Seven Days to the River Rhine">Seven Days to the River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_Demands" title="Gera Demands">Gera Demands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">1985 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Black_Sea_incident" title="1986 Black Sea incident">1986 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Denver" title="Operation Denver">Operation Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Black_Sea_bumping_incident" title="1988 Black Sea bumping incident">1988 Black Sea bumping incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">Solidarity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RYAN" title="Operation RYAN">Operation RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolian Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">1991 August Coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">Frozen conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">China-Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulbricht_Doctrine" title="Ulbricht Doctrine">Ulbricht Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">Guided democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-worldism" title="Third-worldism">Third-worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#White_separatism" title="White supremacy">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Soviet Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amerika_(magazine)" title="Amerika (magazine)">Amerika</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technological<br />competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Nuclear arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Alperovitz" title="Gar Alperovitz">Gar Alperovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey" title="Thomas A. Bailey">Thomas A. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Brown_(historian)" title="Archie Brown (historian)">Archie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Carroll" title="Warren H. Carroll">Warren H. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costello_(historian)" title="John Costello (historian)">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(academic)" title="Michael Cox (academic)">Michael Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cull" title="Nicholas J. Cull">Nicholas J. Cull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._English" title="Robert D. English">Robert D. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Ferrell" title="Robert Hugh Ferrell">Robert Hugh Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fontaine" title="André Fontaine">André Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneli_Ute_Gabanyi" title="Anneli Ute Gabanyi">Anneli Ute Gabanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner" title="Lloyd Gardner">Lloyd Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gorodetsky" title="Gabriel Gorodetsky">Gabriel Gorodetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Halliday" title="Fred Halliday">Fred Halliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Hanhim%C3%A4ki" title="Jussi Hanhimäki">Jussi Hanhimäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earl_Haynes" title="John Earl Haynes">John Earl Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hearden" title="Patrick J. Hearden">Patrick J. Hearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Klehr" title="Harvey Klehr">Harvey Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">Walter LaFeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_P._Leffler" title="Melvyn P. Leffler">Melvyn P. Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Geir Lundestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_F._Matlock_Jr." title="Jack F. Matlock Jr.">Jack F. Matlock Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick" title="Thomas J. McCormick">Thomas J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Oprea" title="Marius Oprea">Marius Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Painter" title="David S. Painter">David S. Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Pickett" title="William B. Pickett">William B. Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Powaski" title="Ronald E. Powaski">Ronald E. Powaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_M._Rabkin" title="Yakov M. Rabkin">Yakov M. Rabkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Sarotte" title="M. E. Sarotte">M. E. Sarotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Schrecker" title="Ellen Schrecker">Ellen Schrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Giles Scott-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zhihua" title="Shen Zhihua">Shen Zhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athan_Theoharis" title="Athan Theoharis">Athan Theoharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorpe" title="Andrew Thorpe">Andrew Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vaughan" title="Patrick Vaughan">Patrick Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Arne_Westad" title="Odd Arne Westad">Odd Arne Westad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reed_Winkler" title="Jonathan Reed Winkler">Jonathan Reed Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Winnacker" title="Rudolph Winnacker">Rudolph Winnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Young" title="Ken Young">Ken Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Espionage and<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States" title="List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States">List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">Soviet espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" title="American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation">American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_and_the_Cultural_Cold_War" title="CIA and the Cultural Cold War">CIA and the Cultural Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_involvement_in_regime_change" title="Soviet involvement in regime change">Soviet involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union–United States summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship#Cold_War" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Atomica" title="Pax Atomica">Pax Atomica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War" title="Category:Cold War">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_related_to_the_Cold_War" title="List of conflicts related to the Cold War">List of conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Cold_War" title="Timeline of the Cold War">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1901 Nobel Peace Prize">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Gobat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Randal Cremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)" title="Louis Renault (jurist)">Louis Renault</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">A. M. F. Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul Estournelles de Constant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Fried</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1914</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1915</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1918</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1923</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles Dawes</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1928</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Butler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1932</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1939</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1943</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1948</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1955</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1956</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1964 Nobel Peace Prize">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1965 Nobel Peace Prize">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1966 Nobel Peace Prize">1966</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1967 Nobel Peace Prize">1967</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1968 Nobel Peace Prize">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1970 Nobel Peace Prize">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1971 Nobel Peace Prize">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1972</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1973 Nobel Peace Prize">1973</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (declined award)</i> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Corrigan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anwar Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">International Campaign to Ban Landmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Nobel Peace Prize">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Nobel Peace Prize">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Nobel Peace Prize">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Nobel Peace Prize">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Nobel Peace Prize">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Nobel Peace Prize">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2010 Nobel Peace Prize">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2013 Nobel Peace Prize">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2015 Nobel Peace Prize">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2018 Nobel Peace Prize">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2020 Nobel Peace Prize">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2022 Nobel Peace Prize">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2023 Nobel Peace Prize">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2024 Nobel Peace Prize">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1978_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1978 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1978_Nobel_Prize_laureates913" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1978 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1978_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1978 Nobel Prize in Literature">1978</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a> (Poland/United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anwar Sadat</a> (Egypt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> (Israel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Pyotr Kapitsa</a> (Soviet Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Arno Allan Penzias</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a> (Switzerland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Hamilton O. Smith</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1973_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1973 Nobel Prize winners">1973</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1974_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1974 Nobel Prize winners">1974</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1975_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1975 Nobel Prize winners">1975</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1976_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1976 Nobel Prize winners">1976</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1977_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1977 Nobel Prize winners">1977</a></dd> <dd><b>1978 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1979_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1979 Nobel Prize winners">1979</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1980_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1980 Nobel Prize winners">1980</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1981_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1981 Nobel Prize winners">1981</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1982_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1982 Nobel Prize winners">1982</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1983_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1983 Nobel Prize winners">1983</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year"><i>Time</i> Persons of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Johnson" title="Hugh S. Johnson">Hugh S. Johnson</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soong_Mei-ling" title="Soong Mei-ling">Soong Mei-ling</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">The American Fighting-Man</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammed Mosaddeq</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II </a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Freedom Fighters</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> U.S. Scientists: <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Draper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> </span> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">The Generation Twenty-Five and Under</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">The Apollo 8 Astronauts</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> </span> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">The Middle Americans</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">John Sirica</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">King Faisal</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> American Women: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Susan Brownmiller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Byerly" title="Kathleen Byerly">Kathleen Byerly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alison_Cheek" title="Alison Cheek">Alison Cheek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jill_Ker_Conway" title="Jill Ker Conway">Jill Conway</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Hills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Susie_Sharp" title="Susie Sharp">Susie Sharp</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Sutton_(journalist)" title="Carol Sutton (journalist)">Carol Sutton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Addie_L._Wyatt" title="Addie L. Wyatt">Addie Wyatt</a> </span> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anwar Sadat</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">The Computer</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">The Endangered Earth</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Peacemakers: <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> </span> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">David Ho</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudolph Giuliani</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Whistleblowers: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant)">Cynthia Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coleen_Rowley" title="Coleen Rowley">Coleen Rowley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sherron_Watkins" title="Sherron Watkins">Sherron Watkins</a> </span> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">The American Soldier</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Good Samaritans: <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda Gates</a> </span> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/You_(Time_Person_of_the_Year)" title="You (Time Person of the Year)">You</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">The Protester</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> <a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic">Ebola Fighters</a>: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. <a href="/wiki/Kent_Brantly" title="Kent Brantly">Kent Brantly</a> / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / <a href="/wiki/Salome_Karwah" title="Salome Karwah">Salome Karwah</a> </span> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">The Silence Breakers</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Guardians: <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wa_Lone" title="Wa Lone">Wa Lone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Soe_Oo" title="Kyaw Soe Oo">Kyaw Soe Oo</a> / Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette_shooting" title="Capital Gazette shooting">The Capital</a></i> </span> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Spirit of Ukraine</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Speaker_of_Parliament_of_Egypt30" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Speaker_of_Parliament_(Egypt)" title="Template:Speaker of Parliament (Egypt)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Speaker_of_Parliament_(Egypt)" title="Template talk:Speaker of Parliament (Egypt)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Speaker_of_Parliament_(Egypt)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Speaker of Parliament (Egypt)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Speaker_of_Parliament_of_Egypt30" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Speaker of Parliament of Egypt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Latif_Boghdadi_(politician)" title="Abdel Latif Boghdadi (politician)">Abdel Latif Boghdadi</a></li> <li><i>(vacant)</i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anwar Sadat</a></li> <li><i>(vacant)</i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anwar Sadat</a></li> <li><i>(vacant)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohamed_Labib_Skokeir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohamed Labib Skokeir (page does not exist)">Mohamed Labib Skokeir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafiz_Badawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hafiz Badawi (page does not exist)">Hafiz Badawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayed_Marey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayed Marey (page does not exist)">Sayed Marey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_Abu_Taleb" title="Sufi Abu Taleb">Sufi Abu Taleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Kamel_Leilah" title="Mohamed Kamel Leilah">Mohamed Kamel Leilah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaat_el-Mahgoub" title="Rifaat el-Mahgoub">Rifaat el-Mahgoub</a></li> <li><i>(vacant)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fathi_Sorour" title="Ahmad Fathi Sorour">Ahmad Fathi Sorour</a></li> <li><i>(vacant)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_El-Katatni" title="Saad El-Katatni">Saad El-Katatni</a></li> <li><i>(vacant)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdel_Aal" title="Ali Abdel Aal">Ali Abdel Aal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanafi_Ali_Gibali" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi Ali Gibali">Hanafi Ali Gibali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Syria_since_191992" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Syria" title="Template:Speakers of the Parliament of Syria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Syria" title="Template talk:Speakers of the Parliament of Syria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Speakers of the Parliament of Syria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Syria_since_191992" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_People%27s_Assembly_of_Syria" title="Speaker of the People's Assembly of Syria">Speakers of the Parliament of Syria</a> since 1919</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hashim_al-Atassi" title="Hashim al-Atassi">al-Atassi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rida</a>*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badi%27_Muayyad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badi' Muayyad (page does not exist)">Muayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashim_al-Atassi" title="Hashim al-Atassi">al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fares_al-Khoury" title="Fares al-Khoury">al-Khoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadallah_al-Jabiri" title="Saadallah al-Jabiri">al-Jabiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fares_al-Khoury" title="Fares al-Khoury">al-Khoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushdi_al-Kikhya" title="Rushdi al-Kikhya">Kikhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maarouf_al-Dawalibi" title="Maarouf al-Dawalibi">al-Dawalibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazim_al-Kudsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazim al-Kudsi">al-Kudsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maamun_al-Kuzbari" title="Maamun al-Kuzbari">al-Kuzbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazim_al-Kudsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazim al-Kudsi">al-Kudsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akram_al-Hawrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Akram al-Hawrani">al-Hawrani</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sadat</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maamun_al-Kuzbari" title="Maamun al-Kuzbari">al-Kuzbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_al-Ghazzi" title="Said al-Ghazzi">Ghazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansur_al-Atrash" title="Mansur al-Atrash">al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Khatib" title="Ahmad al-Khatib">al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahmi_al-Yusufi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahmi al-Yusufi (page does not exist)">al-Yusufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Halabi" title="Muhammad Ali al-Halabi">al-Halabi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmoud_Hadid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmoud Hadid (page does not exist)">Hadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Zuabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmoud Zuabi">Zuabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_Qaddura" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Qadir Qaddura">Kaddoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naji_al-Otari" title="Muhammad Naji al-Otari">al-Otari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Abrash" title="Mahmoud al-Abrash">al-Abrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Jihad_al-Laham" title="Mohammad Jihad al-Laham">al-Laham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadiya_Khalaf_Abbas" title="Hadiya Khalaf Abbas">Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammouda_Sabbagh" title="Hammouda Sabbagh">Sabbagh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<span style="font-size:85%;">president of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Congress" title="Syrian National Congress">Syrian National Congress</a></span></li> <li>†<span style="font-size:85%;">within the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">UAR</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42013#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3560" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42013#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3560" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42013#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109631704">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/32191472">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/37982/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkdf638rVrykbdJxH8Bfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118604724">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79068664">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb130916470">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb130916470">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00431133">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="al-Sādāt, Anwar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV072957">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35471102">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=uk2012687095&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1103786">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070078211">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1512647518435">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000041728">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018H7780">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/86lnqmls3hc5fd3">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810575866005606">Poland</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810684825405606">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007256713905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614599306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14588490">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02011201?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a836b6d4-1e8e-4034-8907-413332420f11">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/964912">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118604724.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118604724">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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[\"CITEREFHurwitzMedad2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Tyler_Dickovick2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKepel2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirolos1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKordunskyLokesson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarie2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMary_Ann_Fay1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeital1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlivier1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPace1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPodeh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRegev2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSadat1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSadat1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSadat1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSadat1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSadat1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerrieh2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStack2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSādāt1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTripp1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVatikiotis1992\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWagner2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaterbury1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeaver1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZephyr2014\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"1978 Nobel Prize winners\"] = 1,\n [\"Anwar Sadat\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Merriam-Webster\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 27,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 18,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 20,\n [\"Cold War\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Sadat, Anwar\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"EgyptPMs\"] = 1,\n [\"EgyptPresidents\"] = 1,\n [\"Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council\"] = 1,\n [\"External media\"] = 1,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 11,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 3,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Internet Archive short film\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"List collapsed\"] = 2,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 2,\n [\"NYTtopic\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes bottom\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes top\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1976-2000\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobelprize\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 3,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-extended\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 3,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 5,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 5,\n [\"S-break\"] = 6,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 5,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 6,\n [\"Speaker of Parliament (Egypt)\"] = 1,\n [\"SyrianParPres\"] = 1,\n [\"Time Persons of the Year 1976-2000\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","440","26.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","14.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","8.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","100","6.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","6.1"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","60","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","3.7"],["type","60","3.7"],["[others]","280","17.1"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-chzlq","timestamp":"20250216114005","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Anwar Sadat","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anwar_Sadat","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42013","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42013","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia 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