CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135039779a48802',cH: 'Hdhpklo4w_moQgtetstzJ8MRSkINv._ej_.lZown4ag-1739787303-1.2.1.1-mgFOQ_jRl.9_KPyeMH_ewOJsVtHy2zYou92DCDtaTL3_dn6xHOorPaoZy7yBCn28',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Skander%20ghorbel&__cf_chl_tk=Oub_Yqa0oG.4NAHj6xBUVSngGtEy8d9M2Guwg4L.bnQ-1739787303-1.0.1.1-QPmiv8hlTLfSL8I4IAJ41P6s3EKaB8NhwuXFVcHW1oc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787303',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Skander%20ghorbel&__cf_chl_f_tk=Oub_Yqa0oG.4NAHj6xBUVSngGtEy8d9M2Guwg4L.bnQ-1739787303-1.0.1.1-QPmiv8hlTLfSL8I4IAJ41P6s3EKaB8NhwuXFVcHW1oc",md: "n_oR5rtVDs2w_4W4STUUOffszEdfoN06NYc0LTh91cI-1739787303-1.2.1.1-GzlGkie5AP6HT8EzJwzMmRt_Wm5nHWZ8dqjdwYr.Dg4f2_08rBmMvh8dojk4OiX5AJNkixDBXavV1Ym_WbdbIJtotj7YbZQD4YVjIUaATS3qLP0LwR.cNTjwcrehsp.5qcwX1Fb4kYAh3W0ACvXhnkPHW7DCI7xyiv0dQI8dBbdC9rG.2XqohAzxCEsYmWI.dpwq3QvVIEuoB4oJm3YeN1BHR3uPv2Am5ZjPsfb_SJQLC0FI.PwwUO7kaTk549DSYpH5iyuocHbxp9t60pLGQcoOSJpvNGWdOqZkYZL757Xu7_hGpO2IMtXOl.rq62kxjI8wP88RJJkFXDseWgrx4qgUmMP7U5_ME2TIOUA8Lh5KNwqOKTIt6XgkEYsBp.iOEcdROP_1TsOs8jfEY7cQyxA5RG_RaOZ2R1hN47N8mhqx7lsQQvQq8LIMIu80lhAGzru1E2HzEDQAv6PejmmeDwQUy89NuT7VUkwe7YG.4vLz2uXvHqaLVbi77aBHQGBWXJhzwOBi9CFgcJKcwcBhFbcsIBQhL0vXVfcaMlVcjmLrBTkQxYIOOOFsvYHk5vV6u7L8aOI68vP_yxLdWnuYLgsweLlrPdTiDXOCOLOETh4IAIcOShJWJVcD16xiIxN84hcHeEOYohn0fekAaTrP3fSXpAryESNQY7S4hf9DcGwMrfCtS6cPfgx20eZ_Hrgo_vsvo9hX4dUJM0RLBZdUHW4L8vqfqXCx81CE0vYYPdQtTs38QIIWOtZs9fb1vzvwUs1svKo.HKjSr4v5dv4UqjnO9..5iXjsVV.QvhLS_6SHRWg_NKA8r4mT0clhPX_.4cwnVbUbnE5XteVSFojbpgOk8.F2ZbCD7mUZx6ZC8i730KUodEK.g01gQ3Bc0UnJGowJHwzckmzp6u2BV0c.Si8yvVNW9q4.EkKx1_dkMfqo0WIdGf6.GjV_qyh6befNjbHX6c5cBkRc9N.KK3ApGy3zIghbInq9bWxEginZGXfGycytu14uTGlGuX7wDWZwGkYCt1q5994I8qchJgMB0NGdNCDmvnKs6esnVgxMYq6Z_kfxRkP2_pFeEOiohweI0Jq6LJ.yxRks.H2MQMGi.t3_Imn7ZySb3Zh3N95OTPQgfGo7ldK0lBzZzUuijqwULnSG12whzm2PJgL1oEz4Bsu01aDwiRnamaNwbgbf5k8CaDhPyQ3.Fq93vxEN4pJshbF_xREVVF4DH0sGiMS46xdTUqDZnM9WVItItFM32jzvq42mMuYicEy2gShwDJpocP5haCTRUDu9yWcNqFNH_2BmKvR2V.I41qzESaxMUAONbH8TrW1VQEpohFit_ehQ2zkSqmu0ZG1yUCAP9efjnSCyUT0JXBhOwcsa24.dw0T0tjdgeR5UD2h3r4hf6r7S6w5JUvLCSe7w7KCC8EqW2YKYKe4wBvZ9NAyYRediCsEb4Nk.dPkkXjUHrSUqXbKfBm_v.b6oQ6JPLPT2alAdKx75Wpcek3VNeQcCS.J5ij8rpKxE6A5EvKn1VRXAbYCRNF6ZbxLONQZeQHbJu97XHOK.L9NhUlNec7DjfYx1lYjicztZ5WZzhXvQc3hzOc14X4SbadCczqu8iO.dTnqGKc6rTWnHJMyIprdBy2jd19dIFe9FCIJqVs0EYr8YNkU83ZyNHyf_ippRHKGcHWrFNBCgv1J8x6hhh8jwTLNVZSqgBbEpQnSk9vxV.4.F35iseeFgJdCIvEqLi8Nmw1NYqBVnfeRqXp4tOPLo61pMz6x0ts0cd8FVAWc7Johv55a3NGnkLUtxS2IDPmM6HeMAHZGZglx08itqLBEGIe8wt_Gz_X0vgMtgSlm7CwG1Dtv.balbeac3uUdC5P.LCWzjBWSibwvcKrVeMD669esh0ElL3jOyiooyy7zvxPV6mdoWn9JwGCpdsp0549w01zMtUBbqwURzXfjjLJT4zQzzI8M",mdrd: "JbVclWeZKTWI1ZNZTt_iNfllLRCJHGKQ6JYsfk.8tp4-1739787303-1.2.1.1-B5yF5kYCQv609L33by_I91YOTIES8Bx65j0o69US.4oVrHZCV1fu63jMJnaQqeQ.QpBMhVk4y_bmsHbg9Vb_H_AX3XFMJ99v6ByRd4O8AnlMZRZAukppT49xvZPCeeI7XYihBK09JA9esmd4W0cEyCCFWoVob.hc7VUYq0alFveVzZUUUoHkTA.pCNE1sySNBeNza1VK4.jFCdxML77MQ4z6x_ggfbeD6AKVBdSq.nP0x2hhm_AGti24Pp7yYfr_knSFxyKft8FujLFdHIxLYGWo094zuqXColwLR5qngqzYDjPH8bMQ6yP60rvMM6Pi7_H9.C7ORk8H3ejOhEnyUD9lTAGkOwLGPO0qpaEFm2uKkTVhALc.7SC.NW4jjstMwk2jOK9mAtWc24AzBgdc82ysSJHVSPgUtEXbD0QMp7iE_oRO5ysPQFLPeOcGR7umFA2hoVCMbcKfsfhUlHIguFPSdcv9emngre8vqRorr3z_2P2B74FzattsKSUSDc1daJlWdTLKcfL3nG0yAJCOHuyUZnVA1xwxLdhPDIa1Mg8D3eYKFcIv1Ej32zTbDCtRaqxiQ8FW_32Os7pYCcWhTTqEUOkae5wAUTMoyl.0gX74ECrAkIqK_6CKFIvR0Th5FjyfaHgi0eo3u.B_zG8hYK85Aa7ZhD_BkWUGiROuxzSH9Lzxtm_akmwhcm9sKOUkJlTC3uAbNoxKXBFsZNkBhDUf8VolbcEh_LmVPsAmydhXWi07wbvoT0OuMG7NAtOW7GNez3bWP99LL2sdCX8T7NREXX1tczxjfeE8JhiB7skX98P3rTC__fdCiA7opFg3pXKWFY17N4oQOk6cjuS8j5t.yRDrOIoRHHUzNLK02230nlc7z5M7dE2zseaXO12nixDWd2TF.1cw1qYx7CHQAYzK6y3A_I3d2QZsCeFH2s14ReLW41QNIFSDJh7pKmkbGw9MgMCmJD4zOwLOoDueGYoX6Q.YwG1yQL89iOs2U0Ibdqijen.x3hlL7d2NvO2A3bKC9tYHU.RxCdakPph2VtK7O8SKvMT1kBM6gYKo0WkeJt6_QdlT8L1_ojfxBR7w4y0ni3w74WlVhHDRDAjIAf13NGyb37m_btvL_jzOJ62wk2GHVChGTM65AMeqjFggOAIAcvGVUxXdArjqzP9fVG1gPi0rLDw6sPdPmzqkEgt2sTSMw1WXEYD8q2Sf8vBk4_aph7epoBGy25Dt9QHoEZAWdcoCBxm_4JPm4cNZWmryhHCuG6p914k3iHL48biBcPACeHxThlgBiDKIhwfjRBch8rwkyIrvwAFCm5wOzDB4mjJIiS1XI0uGM5LKSauGQgA.Ub2pOKi6FNfcWMekWdZVp0rp2FaExrouhm03YhJYM44qWyFxSPwH0q.0IMcYg_sl4SlhhFwZuT2mmWaXWP1Yj.t3Bvjaxls0_Q6GPCjEWrpRvhIsaT7Pa34Ef_kqg98k4fKJO4DzskKJtLLs4yvZXos96Fa2KS89jIL87yT_fSnUw9GV6LwnpyU23OQQIflUYNg1EIpQXmh3ly1zSuYu5gP_L9p_EQYBPuVuVcU89hQY7RR6cxc01xyNrXgdr3Kl7pYg7G9Y9vkSFMCrvRSDm_V9HVCcoDs0g2hYY6lwAFRvwQTPg6vxsSb4i1qtbaDuvqQFusbju880fEozHV1eODNuT.yX0x59u7I3m_Yry8HqeeDkLYKtn7IncWcth.Fg7BWaPBQLIi2fYV6PvHfY5SqmClmVT5r7kq4G9yGIA14I1kKVkQGQ4ijOfOUa8d28eDo2_3T9FcY9aohhUPZpC.G0fEv73A9OC0baTShWATMmhWOCgLkQ9pn6zNP_GwXclxvVtslMZW6w9Il0HwiGFwS6Qs2EMjRsVaZHTq_m6BmrUW8eYf6iejY1gQRBkAqZ7IOmKyk3L9R0RULO6A7A0Ih3u9C6rNasB8K8IF_5EsoSVx3QudykbVJT3RqI0W2ObKT9LBjHTBkl.4Ze.g"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135039779a48802';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Skander%20ghorbel&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Oub_Yqa0oG.4NAHj6xBUVSngGtEy8d9M2Guwg4L.bnQ-1739787303-1.0.1.1-QPmiv8hlTLfSL8I4IAJ41P6s3EKaB8NhwuXFVcHW1oc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>