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New York Mercantile Library - Wikipedia

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<ul id="toc-Mercantile_Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1820–1853" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1820–1853"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1820–1853</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1820–1853-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1854–1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1854–1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1854–1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1854–1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s–2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s–2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1970s–2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s–2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Center_for_Fiction,_2005–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Center_for_Fiction,_2005–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Center for Fiction, 2005–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Center_for_Fiction,_2005–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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for this location"><span class="latitude">40°45′22.93″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°58′38.23″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.7563694°N 73.9772861°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">40.7563694; -73.9772861</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_York_Mercantile_Library&amp;params=40_45_22.93_N_73_58_38.23_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°45′22.93″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°58′38.23″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.7563694°N 73.9772861°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">40.7563694; -73.9772861</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Not-for-profit organization in New York City</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercantile_Library_at_Astor_Opera_House_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mercantile_Library_at_Astor_Opera_House_crop.jpg/300px-Mercantile_Library_at_Astor_Opera_House_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mercantile_Library_at_Astor_Opera_House_crop.jpg/450px-Mercantile_Library_at_Astor_Opera_House_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mercantile_Library_at_Astor_Opera_House_crop.jpg/600px-Mercantile_Library_at_Astor_Opera_House_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption>The Mercantile Library in the <a href="/wiki/Astor_Opera_House" title="Astor Opera House">Astor Opera House</a> building, 1886</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Center for Fiction</b>, originally called the <b>New York Mercantile Library</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Not-for-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Not-for-profit">not-for-profit</a> organization in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, with offices at 15 Lafayette Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene,_Brooklyn" title="Fort Greene, Brooklyn">Fort Greene, Brooklyn</a>. Prior to their move in early 2018, The Center for Fiction was located at 17 <a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">East 47th Street</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison Avenue (Manhattan)">Madison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Avenue (Manhattan)">Fifth</a> Avenues in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a>. The center works to promote fiction and literature and to give support to writers. It originated in 1820 as the (New York) Mercantile Library and in 2005 changed its name to the <b>Mercantile Library Center for Fiction</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-cff-history_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cff-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> although it presents itself as simply "The Center for Fiction". </p><p>The center, which is one of 17 remaining membership libraries in the United States, three of which are in New York City,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> maintains a large circulating library of 20th and 21st century fiction, in addition to many stored volumes of 19th century fiction. It also stocks non-fiction volumes on subjects related to literature.<sup id="cite_ref-coll_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coll-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It maintains a Reading Room, operates a curated independent bookstore primarily featuring works of fiction, rents space to writers at low cost, and presents literary programs to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutus_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutus-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The organization also awards the annual <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Fiction_First_Novel_Prize" title="Center for Fiction First Novel Prize">Center for Fiction First Novel Prize</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mercantile_Library">Mercantile Library</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Mercantile_Library&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Mercantile Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1820–1853"><span id="1820.E2.80.931853"></span>1820–1853</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Mercantile_Library&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: 1820–1853"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercantile_Library_ad.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mercantile_Library_ad.png/275px-Mercantile_Library_ad.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Mercantile_Library_ad.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="209" /></a><figcaption>From the <i>New York Commercial Advertiser</i> (November 2, 1820)</figcaption></figure> <p>The foundation of the Mercantile Library Association was instigated by the New York <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Commerce">Chamber of Commerce</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-gotham498_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gotham498-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which placed newspaper advertisements in November 1820 asking merchant clerks to meet at a local coffee house to discuss forming an organization based on the <a href="/wiki/Mercantile_Library_Association_(Boston,_Massachusetts)" title="Mercantile Library Association (Boston, Massachusetts)">Mercantile Library</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, which had been created earlier that year.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutus_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutus-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The purpose of the new organization was to provide the city's growing population of clerks with an alternative to what were considered to be immoral entertainments and other vices of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-gotham498_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gotham498-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-list_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The association's first subscription circulating library, which had 700 volumes<sup id="cite_ref-nytgray_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytgray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in rented rooms at 49 <a href="/wiki/Fulton_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Fulton Street (Manhattan)">Fulton Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, was open to most of the general public, but only merchant clerks were allowed to vote for and be officers in the association.<sup id="cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-nyc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By the year 1826, the financial "prospects brightened to the extent that the officers hired a suite of rooms in the Harpers building on Cliff Street, and starting the reading room, which has continued to be an important part of the institution in all its successive homes."<sup id="cite_ref-cff-history_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cff-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1830, the library moved to a new building designed by architect Seth Geer, called Clinton Hall, at <a href="/wiki/Nassau_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Nassau Street (Manhattan)">Nassau</a> and Beekman Streets,<sup id="cite_ref-map_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-map-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which the Clinton Hall Association, made up of prominent members of the Mercantile Library Association, had raised funds to construct.<sup id="cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-nyc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Frequent lectures were presented by the library,<sup id="cite_ref-lec_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lec-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> including by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>&#160;<sup id="cite_ref-emer_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-oliv_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oliv-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to reading materials, as of the 1850s the association owned "a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_curiosities" title="Cabinet of curiosities">cabinet</a> of minerals and shells, a collection of revolutionary medals, miscellaneous coins, various paintings, statue of the 'Dancing Girl Reposing', <a href="/wiki/Minerva" title="Minerva">Minerva</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Bust_(sculpture)" title="Bust (sculpture)">bust</a> of Philip Stone.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_room,_Mercantile_Library_Association,_New_York_City.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Reading_room%2C_Mercantile_Library_Association%2C_New_York_City.png/275px-Reading_room%2C_Mercantile_Library_Association%2C_New_York_City.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Reading_room%2C_Mercantile_Library_Association%2C_New_York_City.png/413px-Reading_room%2C_Mercantile_Library_Association%2C_New_York_City.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Reading_room%2C_Mercantile_Library_Association%2C_New_York_City.png/550px-Reading_room%2C_Mercantile_Library_Association%2C_New_York_City.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="897" /></a><figcaption>Reading room, Mercantile Library Association, New York City, circa 1871</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1854–1960s"><span id="1854.E2.80.931960s"></span>1854–1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Mercantile_Library&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: 1854–1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1853, the association had over 4,000 members<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and over 30,000 volumes, and in 1854, the library moved again, this time uptown to the <a href="/wiki/Astor_Opera_House" title="Astor Opera House">Astor Opera House</a> building on <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lafayette Street (Manhattan)">Lafayette Street</a> between <a href="/wiki/Astor_Place" title="Astor Place">Astor Place</a> and <a href="/wiki/8th_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Street (Manhattan)">East 8th Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-nyc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The opera house had closed its doors as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Astor_Place_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Astor Place riot">Astor Place riot</a> of 1849, and the building was sold for $140,000<sup id="cite_ref-sold_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sold-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> to the association, which renamed it "Clinton Hall" and moved the library there as a place which was more convenient to its members.<sup id="cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-nyc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At its new location, the association offered classes and public lectures, including by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Thackeray" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thackeray">William Thackeray</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-aboutus_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutus-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and functioned as a cultural center.<sup id="cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-nyc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Membership during this period reached at least 12,000, while the library itself amassed 120,000 volumes, making it the largest circulating library in the United States at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-nyc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By 1872 the library contained works of biography; history, geography and travels; literature; mathematics; medical science; mental and moral science; natural sciences; political science; the arts; and theology.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, because the library did not stay open late at night, its services were not generally available to the working class, a deficit which was remedied when the <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Union" title="Cooper Union">Cooper Union</a> opened a block east on Astor Place: its reading room was open until 10 p.m.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1891, requiring more space, the association tore down the opera house and replaced it with an 11-story building designed by <a href="/wiki/George_E._Harney" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Harney">George E. Harney</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-aia4_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aia4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which it also named "Clinton Hall". The new building featured a reading room on the top floor that was two stories high,<sup id="cite_ref-nytgray_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytgray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT1890_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1890-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and was to remain the headquarters for its library operations, which included 7 branches, until 1920, when it relocated to rented space.<sup id="cite_ref-nytgray_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytgray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, in 1932, the library once again had its own building, at 17 <a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">East 47th Street</a>, designed by Henry Otis Chapman.<sup id="cite_ref-nytgray_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytgray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Here, the association maintained its 230,000 volumes to serve 3,000 subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-nytgray_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytgray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-nyc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The library at this time still had branches at 149 <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> at Liberty Street and 598 Madison Avenue at <a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytgray_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytgray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s–2000s"><span id="1970s.E2.80.932000s"></span>1970s–2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Mercantile_Library&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: 1970s–2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clinton_Hall_Mercantile_Library_Bldg_13_Astor_Place.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Clinton_Hall_Mercantile_Library_Bldg_13_Astor_Place.jpg/215px-Clinton_Hall_Mercantile_Library_Bldg_13_Astor_Place.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Clinton_Hall_Mercantile_Library_Bldg_13_Astor_Place.jpg/323px-Clinton_Hall_Mercantile_Library_Bldg_13_Astor_Place.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Clinton_Hall_Mercantile_Library_Bldg_13_Astor_Place.jpg/430px-Clinton_Hall_Mercantile_Library_Bldg_13_Astor_Place.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="2014" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">11-story Clinton Hall building replaced the Opera House as headquarters. In later years it was the Chinese consulate,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a union headquarters, the Astor Place Hotel, an office building, and, currently, condominiums.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercantile_Library_17_E47_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mercantile_Library_17_E47_jeh.jpg/145px-Mercantile_Library_17_E47_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mercantile_Library_17_E47_jeh.jpg/218px-Mercantile_Library_17_E47_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mercantile_Library_17_E47_jeh.jpg/290px-Mercantile_Library_17_E47_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="3564" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Center for Fiction's headquarters at 17 <a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">East 47th Street</a>, which it sold sometime after 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-timesbrooklyn_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesbrooklyn-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Membership in the library declined through the following decades, and the library sold off parts of its collection in the 1970s. "In 1971 the theological collection was sold, in 1977 the foreign language collection was sold."<sup id="cite_ref-nytgray_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytgray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It also attempted a merger with <a href="/wiki/Pace_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Pace College">Pace College</a>, but this did not occur. By 1987 the library was in financial distress, and closed for the summer of 1987, and then indefinitely in 1989, at a time when its membership was only 375 people. The association subsequently reorganized and reopened, with a new focus on fiction and literature. </p><p>In 1998, the ground floor of the building was renovated by <a href="/wiki/Beyer_Blinder_Belle" title="Beyer Blinder Belle">Beyer Blinder Belle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytgray_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytgray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The library – colloquially known as "The Merc" – had considered moving to a new location in 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-kopp_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kopp-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-konig_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-konig-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but subsequently decided to remain at its historic Midtown Manhattan location. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Center_for_Fiction,_2005–present"><span id="Center_for_Fiction.2C_2005.E2.80.93present"></span>Center for Fiction, 2005–present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Mercantile_Library&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Center for Fiction, 2005–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2005 known as The Center for Fiction,<sup id="cite_ref-cff-history_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cff-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the organization presents a diverse program of free or low-cost public events, featuring over 100 authors, translators, and critics each year. The Center also offers reading groups and writing workshops. </p><p>In May 2018, the organization announced that it would be moving its headquarters to a new building in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene,_Brooklyn" title="Fort Greene, Brooklyn">Fort Greene, Brooklyn</a> called Caesura and designed by Dattner Architects. The 17,500-square-foot (1,630&#160;m<sup>2</sup>) space includes a member library with a Members Lounge and Reading Room, classrooms, a writers studio, an auditorium for 160 people, a bookstore and a cafe/bar. The Center is a home for readers and writers that serves as a gathering place for the literary community. The three-story building will be co-owned with the <a href="/wiki/Mark_Morris_Dance_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Morris Dance Group">Mark Morris Dance Group</a> and a real estate company, which will have their own spaces there. The Center for Fiction was designed by Julie Nelson, Partner at BKSK Architects LLP and opened in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-timesbrooklyn_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesbrooklyn-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Mercantile_Library&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Center for Fiction bestows a number of awards annually: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Fiction_First_Novel_Prize" title="Center for Fiction First Novel Prize">First Novel Prize</a> is awarded to the best debut novel of the year. First awarded in 2006, the winner receives $15,000 with each shortlisted author receiving $1,000.</li> <li>The Center for Fiction Medal of Editorial Excellence honors the work of an editor, publisher, or agent who over the course of his or her career has discovered, nurtured and championed writers of fiction in the United States.</li> <li>The Center for Fiction Lifetime of Excellence in Fiction Award honors a writer who, through their exceptional body of work, has significantly shaped our culture and perspective. The award is not given annually; rather, it is bestowed upon an author at the discretion of The Center for Fiction Board of Directors. Winners have included Wole Soyinka (2022), Kazuo Ishiguro (2021), and Toni Morrison (2018).</li> <li>The Center for Fiction On Screen Award recognizes adaptations of works of fiction for film or television and is awarded to both the creators of the adaptation and the author of the original work.</li></ul> <p>Additionally, The Center for Fiction/Susan Kamil Emerging Writer Fellowships grant 9 New York City early-career writers with a $5,000 stipend, editorial mentorship and networking opportunities with publishing professionals, membership to The Center's Writers Studio, two public readings, publication in an anthology, and more over the course of a year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Mercantile_Library&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercantile_Library_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mercantile Library (disambiguation)">Mercantile Library (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantile_Library_Association_(Boston,_Massachusetts)" title="Mercantile Library Association (Boston, Massachusetts)">Mercantile Library Association (Boston, Massachusetts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Library_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Astor Library Building">Astor Library Building</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Mercantile_Library&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cff-history-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cff-history_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cff-history_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cff-history_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTomassi" class="citation web cs1">Tomassi, Noreen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centerforfiction.org/the-center/our-history/">"A History of the Center for Fiction"</a>. <i>The Center for Fiction</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200412212922/https://centerforfiction.org/the-center/our-history/">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Center+for+Fiction&amp;rft.atitle=A+History+of+the+Center+for+Fiction&amp;rft.aulast=Tomassi&amp;rft.aufirst=Noreen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenterforfiction.org%2Fthe-center%2Four-history%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eisenberg, Anne (June 11, 2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/11/business/yourmoney/11library.html?scp=1&amp;sq=%22center+for+fiction%22&amp;st=nyt">"Libraries of Gracious Reading, for Members Only"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Limited access)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coll-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coll_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://centerforfiction.org/collection/">"Collection"</a> at the Center for Fiction website. Accessed: November 1, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aboutus-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aboutus_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutus_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutus_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://centerforfiction.org/about/">"Mission &amp; History"</a> at the Center for Fiction website Accessed: November 1, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gotham498-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gotham498_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gotham498_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burrows &amp; Wallace, p. 498</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-list-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-list_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For additional context, see: <a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_19th-century_New_York_City" title="List of libraries in 19th-century New York City">List of libraries in 19th-century New York City</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytgray-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytgray_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytgray_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytgray_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytgray_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytgray_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytgray_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytgray_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytgray_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gray, Christopher (May 6, 2001) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/06/realestate/streetscapes-17-east-47th-street-mercantile-library-finds-new-literary-life.html?scp=2&amp;sq=%22mercantile+library%22&amp;st=nyt">"Streetscapes/17 East 47th Street; The Mercantile Library Finds a New Literary Life"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Limited access)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enc-nyc-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enc-nyc_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pascu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-map-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-map_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <ul><li>Perris, William. <i>Maps of the City of New-York 1852 Vol. 1</i> (Perris &amp; Browne, 1852), Plate 6. Online at <i>The New York Public Library Digital Collections</i> website, Image ID <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-c7c9-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99">1270004.</a> (Today the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Court_Building_and_Annex" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple Court Building and Annex">Temple Court Building and Annex</a>, a later landmark, occupies the site.)</li> <li>An advertisement for the included Clinton Hotel: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New-York_Evening_Post_1830-12-17_p._3.jpg" class="extiw" title="c:File:New-York Evening Post 1830-12-17 p. 3.jpg"><i>New-York Evening Post</i></a> (December 17, 1830), p. 3 col. 2</li> <li>For the architect, and the origin of the hall's name, a report on the cornerstone ceremony which notes that “a short time previous to the meeting [to plan for a new building], the melancholy tidings had been announced to our citizens, that the Governor of the State – the patriot and public-spirited <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton"><i>Clinton</i></a> had closed his mortal career…[This prompted] a determination that the edifice which was about to be founded should be honored with his illustrious name.” <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New-York_Spectator_1829-07-24_p._2.jpg" class="extiw" title="c:File:New-York Spectator 1829-07-24 p. 2.jpg"><i>New York Spectator</i></a> (July 24, 1829), p. 2 (section headed “Tuesday, July 21, 1829”)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-lec-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lec_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/search/query?query=%22mercantile+library%22&amp;d=&amp;o=&amp;v=&amp;c=&amp;n=10&amp;dp=0&amp;daterange=period&amp;srcht=a&amp;year1=1851&amp;mon1=09&amp;day1=18&amp;year2=1980&amp;mon2=12&amp;day2=31&amp;srchst=p&amp;sort=oldest">Archive listing</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emer-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-emer_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/02/17/87828711.pdf">"Mercantile Library Lectures"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> (February 17, 1852)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oliv-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oliv_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1853/10/28/87872542.pdf">"Oliver Wendell Holmes commences..."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> (October 28, 1853)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Jones_Rhees1859" class="citation cs2">William Jones Rhees (1859), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029528951#page/n309/mode/2up">"New York: Mercantile Library Association"</a>, <i>Manual of Public Libraries, Institutions, and Societies in the United States</i>, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott &amp; Co., pp.&#160;277–287, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6937678M">6937678M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=New+York%3A+Mercantile+Library+Association&amp;rft.btitle=Manual+of+Public+Libraries%2C+Institutions%2C+and+Societies+in+the+United+States&amp;rft.place=Philadelphia&amp;rft.pages=277-287&amp;rft.pub=J.B.+Lippincott+%26+Co.&amp;rft.date=1859&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL6937678M%23id-name%3DOL&amp;rft.au=William+Jones+Rhees&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcu31924029528951%23page%2Fn309%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burrows &amp; Wallace, p.733</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sold-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sold_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1854/06/01/75368321.pdf">"The Mercantile Library"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> (June 1, 1854)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YzCN_ItU-7EC&amp;pg=PA159">"Synopsis of the Classified Index"</a>, <i>Second Supplement to the Catalogue of Books</i>, NY: Mercantile Library Association, 1872</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Synopsis+of+the+Classified+Index&amp;rft.btitle=Second+Supplement+to+the+Catalogue+of+Books&amp;rft.place=NY&amp;rft.pub=Mercantile+Library+Association&amp;rft.date=1872&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYzCN_ItU-7EC%26pg%3DPA159&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burrows &amp; Wallace, p.782</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aia4-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aia4_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteWillensky2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norval_White" title="Norval White">White, Norval</a> &amp; Willensky, Elliot (2000). <i><a href="/wiki/AIA_Guide_to_New_York_City" title="AIA Guide to New York City">AIA Guide to New York City</a></i> (4th&#160;ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-3107-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-3107-5"><bdi>978-0-8129-3107-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=AIA+Guide+to+New+York+City&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.edition=4th&amp;rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8129-3107-5&amp;rft.aulast=White&amp;rft.aufirst=Norval&amp;rft.au=Willensky%2C+Elliot&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT1890-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT1890_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1890/07/17/103253289.pdf">“In and About the City,”</a> <i>The New York Times</i> (June 17, 1890)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/05/22/103308885.pdf">“Fine Library Quarters,”</a> <i>The New York Times</i> (May 22, 1891)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/11/10/103349711.pdf">“The Mercantile Library,”</a> <i>The New York Times</i> (November 10, 1891)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brozan, Nadine (April 6, 2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/06/realestate/postings-triangular-site-21-astor-place-50-ultramodern-condominiums-behind.html?scp=7&amp;sq=%22mercantile+library%22&amp;st=nyt">"Postings: On a Triangular Site at 21 Astor Place; 50 Ultramodern Condominiums Behind an Exterior From 1890"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Limited access)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesbrooklyn-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timesbrooklyn_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesbrooklyn_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Libbey, Peter (May 4, 2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/04/books/new-brooklyn-home-of-center-for-fiction-to-open-in-2019.html">"New Brooklyn Home of Center for Fiction to Open in 2019"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Limited access)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kopp-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kopp_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Koppel, Lily (June 3, 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/03/nyregion/03mercantile.html?scp=3&amp;sq=%22center+for+fiction%22&amp;st=nyt">"Mercantile Library Moves, and Gets a Nudge Into the 21st Century"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Limited access)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-konig-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-konig_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Konigsberg, Eric (May 23, 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/05/23/historic-merc-library-will-move-fiction-or-fact/?scp=1-b&amp;sq=%22center+for+fiction%22&amp;st=nyt">"Historic Merc Library Will Move: Fiction, or Fact"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> City Room blog <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Limited access)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurrowsWallace1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Burrows" title="Edwin G. Burrows">Burrows, Edwin G.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Wallace_(historian)" title="Mike Wallace (historian)">Wallace, Mike</a> (1999). <i><a href="/wiki/Gotham:_A_History_of_New_York_City_to_1898" title="Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898">Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898</a></i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-195-11634-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-195-11634-8"><bdi>0-195-11634-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gotham%3A+A+History+of+New+York+City+to+1898&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=0-195-11634-8&amp;rft.aulast=Burrows&amp;rft.aufirst=Edwin+G.&amp;rft.au=Wallace%2C+Mike&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Pascu, Elaine Weber. "Mercantile Library Association" in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_T._Jackson" title="Kenneth T. Jackson">Jackson, Kenneth T.</a>, ed. (1995). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_City" title="The Encyclopedia of New York City">The Encyclopedia of New York City</a></i>. New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300055366" title="Special:BookSources/0300055366"><bdi>0300055366</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+New+York+City&amp;rft.place=New+Haven&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=0300055366&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span>, p.&#160;750–751</li></ul> <p><b>Further reading</b> </p> <dl><dd><b>Issued by the Mercantile Library</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010064400"><i>Annual report</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Annual+report&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F010064400&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span> 1836, 1917, etc.; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/twentysecondannu00merc#page/n0/mode/2up">1843</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/ia:constitutionbyla00merc/Constitution_by-laws_and_regulations_of_the_Mercantile_library_association_of_the_City_of_New_York."><i>Constitution, by-laws and regulations of the Mercantile Library Association of the City of New York</i></a>, Baker, Godwin &amp; Co., 1855, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25580842M">25580842M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Constitution%2C+by-laws+and+regulations+of+the+Mercantile+Library+Association+of+the+City+of+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Baker%2C+Godwin+%26+Co.&amp;rft.date=1855&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL25580842M%23id-name%3DOL&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2Fia%3Aconstitutionbyla00merc%2FConstitution_by-laws_and_regulations_of_the_Mercantile_library_association_of_the_City_of_New_York.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KtgUR_hWe3kC"><i>Constitution</i></a>, 1870</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Constitution&amp;rft.date=1870&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKtgUR_hWe3kC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Catalogues</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p5sQAAAAIAAJ"><i>Catalogue of the books belonging to the Mercantile Library Association of the City of New-York</i></a>. 1825.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+books+belonging+to+the+Mercantile+Library+Association+of+the+City+of+New-York&amp;rft.date=1825&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp5sQAAAAIAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/systematiccatalo00merciala#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Systematic Catalogue of Books in the Collection of the Mercantile Library Association of the City of New York</i></a>. 1837.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Systematic+Catalogue+of+Books+in+the+Collection+of+the+Mercantile+Library+Association+of+the+City+of+New+York&amp;rft.date=1837&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fsystematiccatalo00merciala%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cataloguemercan01newgoog#page/n2/mode/2up">1844</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OJI1AQAAIAAJ">1856</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofbooks00mercrich#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Catalogue of Books in the Mercantile Library of the City of New York</i></a>. New York, F.T. Taylor. 1866.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+Books+in+the+Mercantile+Library+of+the+City+of+New+York&amp;rft.pub=New+York%2C+F.T.+Taylor&amp;rft.date=1866&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcatalogueofbooks00mercrich%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/supplementtocat01newgoog">1869</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secondsupplemen01newgoog">1872</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>About the Mercantile Library</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._Porter_Belden1850" class="citation book cs1">E. Porter Belden (1850). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/newyorkpastprese1850beld#page/n137/mode/2up">"Literature, Science, and Taste: Mercantile Library Association"</a>. <i>New York, Past, Present, and Future</i> (3rd&#160;ed.). NY: Prall, Lewis &amp; Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Literature%2C+Science%2C+and+Taste%3A+Mercantile+Library+Association&amp;rft.btitle=New+York%2C+Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future&amp;rft.place=NY&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=Prall%2C+Lewis+%26+Co.&amp;rft.date=1850&amp;rft.au=E.+Porter+Belden&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnewyorkpastprese1850beld%23page%2Fn137%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/francissguidetoc01fran#page/72/mode/2up">"Literary Institutions: Mercantile Library Association"</a>. <i>Stranger's Hand-Book for the City of New York</i>. New York: C.S. Francis &amp; Co. 1854. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8067569">8067569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Literary+Institutions%3A+Mercantile+Library+Association&amp;rft.btitle=Stranger%27s+Hand-Book+for+the+City+of+New+York&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=C.S.+Francis+%26+Co.&amp;rft.date=1854&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8067569&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ffrancissguidetoc01fran%23page%2F72%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Edwards1859" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Edwards_(librarian)" title="Edward Edwards (librarian)">Edward Edwards</a> (1859), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/memoirslibrarie00edwagoog#page/n240/mode/2up">"Libraries of the United States"</a>, <i>Memoirs of Libraries</i>, vol.&#160;2, London, p.&#160;198+</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Libraries+of+the+United+States&amp;rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+Libraries&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=198%2B&amp;rft.date=1859&amp;rft.au=Edward+Edwards&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmemoirslibrarie00edwagoog%23page%2Fn240%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/redfieldstravele01redf#page/86/mode/2up">"Mercantile Library"</a>, <i>Redfield's Traveler's Guide to the City of New York</i>, New York: J.S. Redfield, 1871</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Mercantile+Library&amp;rft.btitle=Redfield%27s+Traveler%27s+Guide+to+the+City+of+New+York&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=J.S.+Redfield&amp;rft.date=1871&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fredfieldstravele01redf%23page%2F86%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJno._&#91;John&#93;_R._G._Hassard1871" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Rose_Greene_Hassard" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rose Greene Hassard">Jno. [John] R. G. Hassard</a> (February 1871), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015035103277;view=1up;seq=365">"The New York Mercantile Library"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Scribner%E2%80%99s_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="Scribner’s Monthly">Scribner’s Monthly</a></i>, vol.&#160;1, no.&#160;4, pp.&#160;353–67</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Scribner%E2%80%99s+Monthly&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Mercantile+Library&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=353-67&amp;rft.date=1871-02&amp;rft.au=Jno.+%5BJohn%5D+R.+G.+Hassard&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015035103277%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D365&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Public Libraries in the USA</i>, Washington DC, 1876, pp.&#160;928–931</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Public+Libraries+in+the+USA&amp;rft.place=Washington+DC&amp;rft.pages=928-931&amp;rft.date=1876&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Grant_Wilson1893" class="citation cs2">James Grant Wilson, ed. (1893), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/memorialhistoryo04wilsuoft#page/98/mode/2up">"Libraries of New York: Mercantile Library"</a>, <i>Memorial History of the City of New York</i>, vol.&#160;4, New York History Co., pp.&#160;99–102</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Libraries+of+New+York%3A+Mercantile+Library&amp;rft.btitle=Memorial+History+of+the+City+of+New+York&amp;rft.pages=99-102&amp;rft.pub=New+York+History+Co.&amp;rft.date=1893&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmemorialhistoryo04wilsuoft%23page%2F98%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MEEAAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA328">"Mercantile Library"</a>. <i>King's Handbook of New York City</i> (2nd&#160;ed.). <a href="/wiki/Moses_King" title="Moses King">Moses King</a>. 1893.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Mercantile+Library&amp;rft.btitle=King%27s+Handbook+of+New+York+City&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Moses+King&amp;rft.date=1893&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMEEAAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA328&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Library_Club1902" class="citation book cs1">New York Library Club (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Ig-AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA49">"Mercantile Library Association of New York"</a>. <i>Libraries of Greater New York</i>. NY.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Mercantile+Library+Association+of+New+York&amp;rft.btitle=Libraries+of+Greater+New+York&amp;rft.place=NY&amp;rft.date=1902&amp;rft.au=New+York+Library+Club&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Ig-AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA49&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugst1998" class="citation cs2">Augst, Thomas (1998), "The Business of Reading in Nineteenth Century America: The New York Mercantile Library", <i><a href="/wiki/American_Quarterly" title="American Quarterly">American Quarterly</a></i>, <b>50</b> (2): 267–305, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Faq.1998.0007">10.1353/aq.1998.0007</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143866981">143866981</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Quarterly&amp;rft.atitle=The+Business+of+Reading+in+Nineteenth+Century+America%3A+The+New+York+Mercantile+Library&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=267-305&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Faq.1998.0007&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143866981%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Augst&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarry_T._Nix2007" class="citation cs2">Larry T. Nix (2007), "Cultural Record Keepers: The New York Mercantile Library and Its Home Delivery Service", <i><a href="/wiki/Libraries_%26_the_Cultural_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Libraries &amp; the Cultural Record">Libraries &amp; the Cultural Record</a></i>, <b>42</b> (4): 452–455, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Flac.2007.0063">10.1353/lac.2007.0063</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25549443">25549443</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162125198">162125198</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Libraries+%26+the+Cultural+Record&amp;rft.atitle=Cultural+Record+Keepers%3A+The+New+York+Mercantile+Library+and+Its+Home+Delivery+Service&amp;rft.volume=42&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=452-455&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162125198%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25549443%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Flac.2007.0063&amp;rft.au=Larry+T.+Nix&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+York+Mercantile+Library" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Mercantile_Library&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public<br />Library</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_Public_Library_branches" title="List of New York Public Library branches">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_Main_Branch" title="New York Public Library Main Branch">Main Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">Library for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schomburg_Center_for_Research_in_Black_Culture" title="Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture">Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Branch libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_Library" title="53rd Street Library">53rd Street Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/115th_Street_Library" title="115th Street Library">115th Street Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronx_Library_Center" title="Bronx Library Center">Bronx Library Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Grange_Library" title="Hamilton Grange Library">Hamilton Grange Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Heiskell_Braille_and_Talking_Book_Library" title="Andrew Heiskell Braille and Talking Book Library">Andrew Heiskell Braille and Talking Book Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Market_Library" title="Jefferson Market Library">Jefferson Market Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottendorfer_Public_Library_and_Stuyvesant_Polyclinic_Hospital" title="Ottendorfer Public Library and Stuyvesant Polyclinic Hospital">Ottendorfer Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Library" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Library">Stavros Niarchos Foundation Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkville_Library" title="Yorkville Library">Yorkville Branch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library" title="Brooklyn Public Library">Brooklyn Public<br />Library</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Brooklyn_Public_Library_branches" title="List of Brooklyn Public Library branches">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Library_(Brooklyn_Public_Library)" title="Central Library (Brooklyn Public Library)">Central Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortelyou_Library" title="Cortelyou Library">Cortelyou Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon_Library" title="Macon Library">Macon Branch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queens_Public_Library" title="Queens Public Library">Queens Public<br />Library</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Queens_Public_Library_branches" title="List of Queens Public Library branches">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Library_Discovery_Center" title="Children&#39;s Library Discovery Center">Children's Library Discovery Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Carnegie_libraries_in_New_York_City" title="List of Carnegie libraries in New York City">Carnegie libraries</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colleges and<br />universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_and_Anita_Newman_Library" title="William and Anita Newman Library">Baruch College (Newman Library)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronx_Community_College_Library" title="Bronx Community College Library">Bronx Community College Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Sealy_Library" title="Lloyd Sealy Library">John Jay College (Lloyd Sealy Library)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Columbia University <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Libraries" title="Columbia University Libraries">Columbia University Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_W._Diamond_Law_Library" title="Arthur W. Diamond Law Library">Arthur W. Diamond Law Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Architectural_and_Fine_Arts_Library" title="Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library">Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burke_Library" title="Burke Library">Burke Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_Library" title="Butler Library">Butler Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.V._Starr_East_Asian_Library" title="C.V. Starr East Asian Library">C.V. Starr East Asian Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Theological_Seminary_Library" title="Jewish Theological Seminary Library">Jewish Theological Seminary Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottesman_Libraries" title="Gottesman Libraries">Gottesman Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_Book_%26_Manuscript_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library">Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Walsh_Family_Library" title="William D. Walsh Family Library">Fordham University (William D. Walsh Family Library)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fogelman_Social_Sciences_and_Humanities_Library" title="Fogelman Social Sciences and Humanities Library">The New School (Fogelman Library)</a></li> <li>New York University <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Holmes_Bobst_Library" title="Elmer Holmes Bobst Library">Elmer Holmes Bobst Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamiment_Library_and_Robert_F._Wagner_Archives" title="Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives">Tamiment Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_Institute_Libraries" title="Pratt Institute Libraries">Pratt Institute Libraries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and<br />other institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frick_Art_Reference_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Frick Art Reference Library">Frick Art Reference Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LuEsther_T._Mertz_Library" title="LuEsther T. Mertz Library">LuEsther T. Mertz Library</a></li> <li>Metropolitan Museum of Art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Goldwater_Library" title="Robert Goldwater Library">Robert Goldwater Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Library" title="Thomas J. Watson Library">Thomas J. Watson Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum" title="Morgan Library &amp; Museum">Morgan Library &amp; Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Schuyler" title="Fort Schuyler">Stephen B. Luce Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Agudas_Chassidei_Chabad" title="Library of Agudas Chassidei Chabad">Agudas Chassidei Chabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Cultural_Forum_New_York" title="Austrian Cultural Forum New York">Austrian Cultural Forum New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_Notation_Bureau" title="Dance Notation Bureau">Dance Notation Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Black_Women%27s_Library" title="The Free Black Women&#39;s Library">The Free Black Women's Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grolier_Club" title="Grolier Club">Grolier Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Free_Library_and_Reading_Room" title="Huntington Free Library and Reading Room">Huntington Free Library and Reading Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_Archive" title="Interference Archive">Interference Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Society_(Manhattan)" title="Japan Society (Manhattan)">Japan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_Library" title="Livingston Library">Livingston Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_New_York_Library_Council" title="Metropolitan New York Library Council">Metropolitan New York Library Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Academy_of_Medicine" title="New York Academy of Medicine">New York Academy of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Law_Institute" title="New York Law Institute">New York Law Institute</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York Mercantile Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Society_Library" title="New York Society Library">New York Society Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_%26_Career_Library" title="Business &amp; Career Library">(BPL:) Business &amp; Career Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science,_Industry_and_Business_Library" title="Science, Industry and Business Library">(NYPL:) Science, Industry, and Business Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colleges and<br />universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Memorial_Library" title="Low Memorial Library">Columbia: Low Memorial Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Sophie_Gimbel_Design_Library" title="Adam and Sophie Gimbel Design Library">The New School: Adam and Sophie Gimbel Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gould_Memorial_Library" title="Gould Memorial Library">NYU/BCC: Gould Memorial Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and<br />other institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Heritage_Foundation_of_America" title="Kurdish Heritage Foundation of America">Kurdish Heritage Foundation of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Library" title="Astor Library">Astor Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Library_(New_York_City)" title="Lenox Library (New York City)">Lenox Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_City" title="Education in New York City">Education in New York City</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5059640#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5059640#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5059640#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123645168">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/154609220">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr98033534">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐wcwsf Cached time: 20241122151129 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.626 seconds Real time usage: 0.822 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2112/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 86387/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1852/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 89746/5000000 bytes Lua time 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