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cement concrete</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: reinforced cement concrete"> <meta name="keywords" content="reinforced cement concrete"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="reinforced cement concrete"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2977</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: reinforced cement concrete</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2947</span> Disadvantages and Drawbacks of Concrete Blocks and Fix Their Defects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Sadie">Ehsan Sadie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, the cost of repair and maintenance of structures is very important and by studying the behavior of reinforced concrete structures Will become specified several factors such as : Design and calculation errors, lack of proper implementation of structural changes, the damage caused by the introduction of random loads, concrete corrosion and environmental conditions reduce durability of the structures . Meanwhile building codes alteration also cause changes in the assessment and review of the design and structure rather if necessary will be improved and strengthened in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20building" title="concrete building ">concrete building </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expandable%20cement" title=" expandable cement"> expandable cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeycombed%20surface" title=" honeycombed surface "> honeycombed surface </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20corrosion" title=" reinforcement corrosion"> reinforcement corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23902/disadvantages-and-drawbacks-of-concrete-blocks-and-fix-their-defects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2946</span> Pullout Strength of Textile Reinforcement in Concrete by Embedded Length and Concrete Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongho%20Park">Jongho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taekyun%20Kim"> Taekyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jungbhin%20You"> Jungbhin You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungnam%20Hong"> Sungnam Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Kyu%20Park"> Sun-Kyu Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deterioration of the reinforced concrete is continuously accelerated due to aging of the reinforced concrete, enlargement of the structure, increase if the self-weight due to the manhattanization and cracking due to external force. Also, due to the abnormal climate phenomenon, cracking of reinforced concrete structures is accelerated. Therefore, research on the Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) which replaced reinforcement with textile is under study. However, in previous studies, adhesion performance to single yarn was examined without parameters, which does not reflect the effect of fiber twisting and concrete strength. In the present paper, the effect of concrete strength and embedded length on 2400tex (gram per 1000 meters) and 640tex textile were investigated. The result confirm that the increasing compressive strength of the concrete did not affect the pullout strength. However, as the embedded length increased, the pullout strength tended to increase gradually, especially at 2400tex with more twists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title="textile">textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRC" title=" TRC"> TRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pullout" title=" pullout"> pullout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20length" title=" embedded length"> embedded length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67482/pullout-strength-of-textile-reinforcement-in-concrete-by-embedded-length-and-concrete-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2945</span> Strength and Permeability Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amrit%20Pal%20Singh%20Arora">Amrit Pal Singh Arora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper reports the results of a study undertaken to study the effects of addition of steel fibres of different aspect ratios on the permeability and strength characteristics of steel fiber reinforced fly ash concrete (SFRC). Corrugated steel fibres having a diameter of 0.6 mm and lengths of 12.5 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm were used in this study. Cube samples of 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm were cast from mixes replacing 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% cement content by fly ash with and without fibres and tested for the determination of coefficient of water permeability, compressive and split tensile strengths after 7 and 28 days of curing. Plain concrete samples were also cast and tested for reference purposes. Permeability was observed to decrease significantly for all concrete mixes with the addition of steel fibers as compared to plain concrete. The replacement of cement content by fly ash results in an increase in the coefficient of water permeability. With the addition of fly ash to the plain mix the7 day compressive and split tensile strengths decreased, however both the compressive and split tensile strengths increased with increase in curing age. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curing%20age" title="curing age">curing age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20shape" title=" fiber shape"> fiber shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darcy%E2%80%99s%20law" title=" Darcy’s law"> Darcy’s law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ppermeability" title=" Ppermeability"> Ppermeability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57483/strength-and-permeability-characteristics-of-fiber-reinforced-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2944</span> Prospective Use of Rice Husk Ash to Produce Concrete in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalyan%20Kumar%20Moulick">Kalyan Kumar Moulick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper the author studied the possibilities of using Rice Husk Ash (RHA) available in India; to produce concrete. The effect of RHA on concrete discussed. Traditional uses of Rice Husk in India pointed out and the advantages of using RHA in making concrete highlighted. Suggestion provided regarding prospective application of RHA concrete in India which in turn will definitely reduce the cost of concrete and environmental friendly due to utilization of waste and replacement of Cement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20replacement" title="cement replacement">cement replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20friendly" title=" environmental friendly"> environmental friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk%20ash" title=" rice husk ash"> rice husk ash</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23437/prospective-use-of-rice-husk-ash-to-produce-concrete-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2943</span> Studying the Bond Strength of Geo-Polymer Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rama%20Seshu%20Doguparti">Rama Seshu Doguparti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the experimental investigation on the bond behavior of geo polymer concrete. The bond behavior of geo polymer concrete cubes of grade M35 reinforced with 16 mm TMT rod is analyzed. The results indicate that the bond performance of reinforced geo polymer concrete is good and thus proves its application for construction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-polymer" title="geo-polymer">geo-polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title=" bond strength"> bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviour" title=" behaviour"> behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19114/studying-the-bond-strength-of-geo-polymer-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2942</span> Automation of Process Waste-Free Air Filtration in Production of Concrete, Reinforced with Basalt Fiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanislav%20Perepechko">Stanislav Perepechko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial companies - one of the major sources of harmful substances to the atmosphere. The main cause of pollution on the concrete plants are cement dust emissions. All the cement silos, pneumatic transport, and ventilation systems equipped with filters, to avoid this. Today, many Russian companies have to decide on replacement morally and physically outdated filters and guided back to the electrostatic filters as usual equipment. The offered way of a cleaning of waste-free filtering of air differs in the fact that a filtering medium of the filter is used in concrete manufacture. Basalt is widespread and pollution-free material. In the course of cleaning, one part of basalt fiber and cement immediately goes to the mixer through flow-control units of initial basalt fiber and cement. Another part of basalt fiber goes to filters for purification of the air used in systems of an air lift, and ventilating emissions passes through them, and with trapped particles also goes to the mixer through flow-control units of the basalt fiber fulfilled in filters. At the same time, regulators are adjusted in such a way that total supply of basalt fiber and cement into the mixer remains invariable and corresponds to a given technological mode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste-free%20air%20filtration" title="waste-free air filtration">waste-free air filtration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basalt%20fiber" title=" basalt fiber"> basalt fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20automation" title=" building automation"> building automation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66004/automation-of-process-waste-free-air-filtration-in-production-of-concrete-reinforced-with-basalt-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2941</span> Getting to Know the Types of Concrete and its Production Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Nikgoo">Mokhtar Nikgoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Definition of Concrete and Concreting: Concrete (in French: Béton) in a broad sense is any substance or combination that consists of a sticky substance with the property of cementation. In general, concrete refers to concrete made by Portland cement, which is produced by mixing fine and coarse aggregates, Portland cement and water. After enough time, this mixture turns into a stone-like substance. During the hardening or processing of the concrete, cement is chemically combined with water to form strong crystals that bind the aggregates together, a process called hydration. During this process, significant heat is released called hydration heat. Additionally, concrete shrinks slightly, especially as excess water evaporates, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage. The process of hardening and the gradual increase in concrete strength that occurs with it does not end suddenly unless it is artificially interrupted. Instead, it decreases more over long periods of time, although, in practical applications, concrete is usually set after 28 days and is considered at full design strength. Concrete may be made from different types of cement as well as pozzolans, furnace slag, additives, additives, polymers, fibers, etc. It may also be used in the way it is made, heating, water vapor, autoclave, vacuum, hydraulic pressures and various condensers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RCC" title=" RCC"> RCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batching" title=" batching"> batching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pozzolan" title=" Pozzolan"> Pozzolan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20plan" title=" mixing plan"> mixing plan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174122/getting-to-know-the-types-of-concrete-and-its-production-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2940</span> Effects of Rice Husk Ash on the Properties of Scrap Tyre Steel Fiber Reinforced High Performance Concrete (RHA-STSFRHAC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isyaka%20Abdulkadir">Isyaka Abdulkadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egbe-Ngu%20Ntui%20Ogork"> Egbe-Ngu Ntui Ogork </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to investigate the effect of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) on Scrap Tyre Steel Fiber Reinforced High Performance Concrete (STSFRHPC). RHA was obtained by control burning of rice husk in a kiln to a temperature of 650-700oC and when cooled sieved through 75µm sieve and characterized. The effect of RHA were investigated on grade 50 STSFRHPC of 1:1.28:1.92 with water cement ratio of 0.39 at additions of Scrap Tyre Steel Fiber (STSF) of 1.5% by volume of concrete and partial replacement of cement with RHA at percentages of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20. The fresh concrete was tested for slump while the hardened concrete was tested for compressive and splitting tensile strengths respectively at curing ages of 3, 7, 28 and 56 days in accordance with standard procedure. Results of RHA-STSFRHPC indicated a reduction in slump and compressive strength with increase in RHA content, while splitting tensile strength increased with RHA replacement up to 10% and reduction in strength above 10% RHA content. The 28 days compressive strength of RHA-STSFRHPC with up to 10% RHA attained the desired characteristic strength of 50N/mm2 and therefore up to 10% RHA is considered as the optimum replacement dosage in STSFRHPC-RHA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20performance%20concrete" title=" high performance concrete"> high performance concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk%20ash" title=" rice husk ash"> rice husk ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scrap%20tyre%20steel%20fibers" title=" scrap tyre steel fibers"> scrap tyre steel fibers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29086/effects-of-rice-husk-ash-on-the-properties-of-scrap-tyre-steel-fiber-reinforced-high-performance-concrete-rha-stsfrhac" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2939</span> Impact of the Quality of Aggregate on the Elasticity Modulus of Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Krizova">K. Krizova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This objective of this article is to present concrete that differs by the size of the aggregate used. The set of concrete contained six concrete recipes manufactured as traditional vibrated concrete containing identical basic components of concrete. The experiment focused on monitoring the resulting properties of hardened concrete, specifically the primary strength and modulus of the concrete elasticity and the developing parameters from 7 to 180 days were assessed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregate" title="aggregate">aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasticity%20modulus" title=" elasticity modulus"> elasticity modulus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38600/impact-of-the-quality-of-aggregate-on-the-elasticity-modulus-of-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2938</span> Effect of Iron Ore Tailings on the Properties of Fly-ash Cement Concrete </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sikiru%20F.%20Oritola">Sikiru F. Oritola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Latif%20Saleh"> Abd Latif Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Rahman%20Mohd%20Sam"> Abd Rahman Mohd Sam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozana%20Zakaria"> Rozana Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mushairry%20Mustaffar"> Mushairry Mustaffar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The strength of concrete varies with the types of material used; the material used within concrete can also result in different strength due to improper selection of the component. Each material brings a different aspect to the concrete. This work studied the effect of using Iron ore Tailings (IOTs) as partial replacement for sand on some properties of concrete using Fly ash Cement as the binder. The sieve analysis and some other basic properties of the materials used in producing concrete samples were first determined. Two brands of Fly ash Cement were studied. For each brand of Fly ash Cement, five different types of concrete samples denoted as HCT0, HCT10, HCT20, HCT30 and HCT40, for the first brand and PCT0, PCT10, PCT20, PCT30 and PCT40, for the second brand were produced. The percentage of Tailings as partial replacement for sand in the sample was varied from 0% to 40% at 10% interval. For each concrete sample, the average of three cubes, three cylinders and three prism specimen results was used for the determination of the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and the flexural strength respectively. Water/cement ratio of 0.54 with fly-ash cement content of 463 Kg/m3 was used in preparing the fresh concrete. The slump values for the HCT brand concrete ranges from 152mm – 75mm while that of PCT brand ranges from 149mm to 70mm. The concrete sample PCT30 recorded the highest 28 days compressive strength of 28.12 N/mm2, the highest splitting tensile strength of 2.99 N/mm2 as well as the highest flexural strength of 4.99 N/mm2. The texture of the iron-ore tailings is rough and angular and was therefore able to improve the strength of the fly ash cement concrete. Also, due to the fineness of the IOTs more void in the concrete can be filled, but this reaches the optimum at 30% replacement level, hence the drop in strength at 40% replacement <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20strength" title="concrete strength">concrete strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20aggregate" title=" fine aggregate"> fine aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash%20cement" title=" fly ash cement"> fly ash cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20ore%20tailings" title=" iron ore tailings"> iron ore tailings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21667/effect-of-iron-ore-tailings-on-the-properties-of-fly-ash-cement-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">671</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2937</span> Evaluation of Modulus of Elasticity by Non-Destructive Method of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erjola%20Reufi">Erjola Reufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Beer"> Thomas Beer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plain, unreinforced concrete is a brittle material, with a low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. In order to improve the inherent tensile strength of concrete there is a need of multi directional and closely spaced reinforcement, which can be provided in the form of randomly distributed fibers. Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is a composite material consisting of cement, sand, coarse aggregate, water and fibers. In this composite material, short discrete fibers are randomly distributed throughout the concrete mass. The behavioral efficiency of this composite material is far superior to that of plain concrete and many other construction materials of equal cost. The present experimental study considers the effect of steel fibers and polypropylene fiber on the modulus of elasticity of concrete. Hook end steel fibers of length 5 cm and 3 cm at volume fraction of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.% were used. Also polypropylene fiber of length 12, 6, 3 mm at volume fraction 0.1, 0.25, and 0.4 % were used. Fifteen mixtures has been prepared to evaluate the effect of fiber on modulus of elasticity of concrete. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and resonant frequency methods which are two non-destructive testing techniques have been used to measure the elastic properties of fiber reinforced concrete. This study found that ultrasonic wave propagation is the most reliable, easy and cost effective testing technique to use in the determination of the elastic properties of the FRC mix used in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20reinforced%20concrete%28FRC%29" title="fiber reinforced concrete(FRC)">fiber reinforced concrete(FRC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene%20fiber" title=" polypropylene fiber"> polypropylene fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonance" title=" resonance"> resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20pulse%20velocity" title=" ultrasonic pulse velocity"> ultrasonic pulse velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20fiber" title=" steel fiber"> steel fiber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43558/evaluation-of-modulus-of-elasticity-by-non-destructive-method-of-hybrid-fiber-reinforced-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2936</span> Mechanical Characterization of Extrudable Foamed Concrete: An Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Falliano">D. Falliano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20De%20Domenico"> D. De Domenico</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Ricciardi"> G. Ricciardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Gugliandolo"> E. Gugliandolo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is focused on the mechanical characterization of foamed concrete specimens with protein-based foaming agent. Unlike classic foamed concrete, a peculiar property of the analyzed foamed concrete is the extrudability, which is achieved via a specific additive in the concrete mix that significantly improves the cohesion and viscosity of the fresh cementitious paste. A broad experimental campaign was conducted to evaluate the compressive strength and the indirect tensile strength of the specimens. The study has comprised three different cement types, two water/cement ratios, three curing conditions and three target dry densities. The variability of the strength values upon the above mentioned factors is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20type" title="cement type">cement type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curing%20conditions" title=" curing conditions"> curing conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrudable%20concrete" title=" extrudable concrete"> extrudable concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foamed%20concrete" title=" foamed concrete"> foamed concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20characterization" title=" mechanical characterization"> mechanical characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82760/mechanical-characterization-of-extrudable-foamed-concrete-an-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2935</span> Bond-Slip Response of Reinforcing Bars Embedded in High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Siong%20Wee">Lee Siong Wee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tan%20Kang%20Hai"> Tan Kang Hai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20En-Hua"> Yang En-Hua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the results of an experimental study undertaken to evaluate the local bond stress-slip response of short embedment of reinforcing bars in normal concrete (NC) and high performance fiber reinforced cement composites (HPFRCC) blocks. Long embedment was investigated as well to gain insights on the distribution of strain, slip, bar stress and bond stress along the bar especially in post-yield range. A total of 12 specimens were tested, by means of pull-out of the reinforcing bars from concrete blocks. It was found that the enhancement of local bond strength can be reached up to 50% and ductility of the bond behavior was improved significantly if HPFRCC is used. Also, under a constant strain at loaded end, HPFRCC has delayed yielding of bars at other location from the loaded end. Hence, the reduction of bond stress was slower for HPFRCC in comparison with NC. Due to the same reason, the total slips at loaded end for HPFRCC was smaller than NC as expected. Test results indicated that HPFRCC has better bond slip behavior which makes it a suitable material to be employed in anchorage zone such as beam-column joints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20stress" title="bond stress">bond stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20performance%20fiber%20reinforced%20cement%20composites" title=" high performance fiber reinforced cement composites"> high performance fiber reinforced cement composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip" title=" slip"> slip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29290/bond-slip-response-of-reinforcing-bars-embedded-in-high-performance-fiber-reinforced-cement-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2934</span> Cover Spalling in Reinforced Concrete Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bambang%20Piscesa">Bambang Piscesa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20M.%20Attard"> Mario M. Attard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20Presetya"> Dwi Presetya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20K.%20Samani"> Ali K. Samani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical strategy formulated using a plasticity approach is presented to model spalling of the concrete cover in reinforced concrete columns. The stage at which the concrete cover within reinforced concrete column spalls has a direct bearing on the load capacity. The concrete cover can prematurely spall before the full cross-section can be utilized if the concrete is very brittle under compression such as for very high strength concretes. If the confinement to the core is high enough, the column can achieve a higher peak load by utilizing the core. A numerical strategy is presented to model spalling of the concrete cover. Various numerical strategies are employed to model the behavior of reinforced concrete columns which include: (1) adjusting the material properties to incorporate restrained shrinkage; (2) modifying the plastic dilation rate in the presence of the tensile pressure; (3) adding a tension cut-off failure surface and (4) giving the concrete cover region and the column core different material properties. Numerical comparisons against experimental results are carried out that shown excellent agreement with the experimental results and justify the use of the proposed strategies to predict the axial load capacity of reinforce concrete columns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spalling" title="spalling">spalling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20dilation" title=" plastic dilation"> plastic dilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20columns" title=" reinforced concrete columns "> reinforced concrete columns </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111464/cover-spalling-in-reinforced-concrete-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2933</span> Geopolymer Concrete: A Review of Properties, Applications and Limitations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Ahmed%20Albu%20Shaqraa">Abbas Ahmed Albu Shaqraa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of a safe environment and low greenhouse gas emissions is a common concern especially in the construction industry. The produced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are nearly a ton in producing only one ton of Portland cement, which is the primary ingredient of concrete. Current studies had investigated the utilization of several waste materials in producing a cement free concrete. The geopolymer concrete is a green material that results from the reaction of aluminosilicate material with an alkaline liquid. A summary of several recent researches in geopolymer concrete will be presented in this manuscript. In addition, the offered presented review considers the use of several waste materials including fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, cement kiln dust, kaolin, metakaolin, and limestone powder as binding materials in making geopolymer concrete. Moreover, the mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of geopolymer concrete will be reviewed. In addition, the geopolymer concrete applications and limitations will be discussed as well. The results showed a high early compressive strength gain in geopolymer concrete when dry- heating or steam curing was performed. Also, it was stated that the outstanding acidic resistance of the geopolymer concrete made it possible to be used where the ordinary Portland cement concrete was doubtable. Thus, the commercial geopolymer concrete pipes were favored for sewer system in case of high acidic conditions. Furthermore, it was reported that the geopolymer concrete could stand up to 1200 °C in fire without losing its strength integrity whereas the Portland cement concrete was losing its function upon heating to some 100s °C only. However, the geopolymer concrete still considered as an emerging field and occupied mainly by the precast industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer%20concrete" title="geopolymer concrete">geopolymer concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Portland%20cement%20concrete" title=" Portland cement concrete"> Portland cement concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20liquid" title=" alkaline liquid"> alkaline liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44283/geopolymer-concrete-a-review-of-properties-applications-and-limitations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2932</span> Effect of Stirrup Corrosion on Concrete Confinement Strength </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mucip%20Tapan">Mucip Tapan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ozvan"> Ali Ozvan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Akkaya"> Ismail Akkaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated how the concrete confinement strength and axial load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete columns are affected by corrosion damage to the stirrups. A total of small-scale 12 test specimens were cast for evaluating the effect of stirrup corrosion on confinement strength of concrete. The results of this study show that the stirrup corrosion alone dramatically decreases the axial load carrying capacity of corroded reinforced concrete columns. Recommendations were presented for improved inspection practices which will allow estimating concrete confinement strength of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete bridge columns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge" title="bridge">bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column" title=" column"> column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inspection" title=" inspection"> inspection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stirrup%20reinforcement" title=" stirrup reinforcement"> stirrup reinforcement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31558/effect-of-stirrup-corrosion-on-concrete-confinement-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2931</span> Study on Comparison Between Acoustic Emission Behavior and Strain on Concrete Surface During Rebar Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ejazulhaq%20Rahimi">Ejazulhaq Rahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of techniques evaluating deterioration on concrete structures is vital for structural health monitoring (SHM). One of the main reasons for reinforced concrete structure's deterioration is the corroding of embedded rebars. It is a natural process that begins when the rebar starts to rust. It occurs when the protective layer on the rebar is destroyed. The rebar in concrete is usually protected against corrosion by the high pH of the surrounding cement paste. However, there are chemicals that can destroy the protective layer, making it susceptible to corrosion. It is very destructive for the lifespan and durability of the concrete structure. Corrosion products which are 3 to 6 times voluminous than the rebar stress its surrounding concrete and lead to fracture as cracks even peeling off the cover concrete over the rebar. As is clear that concrete shows limit elastic behavior in its stress strain property, so corrosion product stresses can be detected as strains from the concrete surface. It means that surface strains have a relation with the situation and amount of corrosion products and related concrete fractures inside reinforced concrete. In this paper, a comparative study of surface strains due to corrosion products detected by strain gauges and acoustic emission (AE) testing under periodic accelerated corrosion in the salty environment with 3% NaCl is reported. From the results, three different stages of strains were clearly observed based on the type and rate of strains in each corrosion situation and related fracture types. AE parameters which mostly are related to fracture and their shapes, describe the same phases. It is confirmed that there is a great agreement to the result of each other and describes three phases as generation and expansion of corrosion products and initiation and propagation of corrosion-induced cracks, and surface cracks. In addition, the strain on the concrete surface was rapidly increased before the cracks arrived at the surface of the concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20emission" title="acoustic emission">acoustic emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rebar%20corrosion" title=" rebar corrosion"> rebar corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132224/study-on-comparison-between-acoustic-emission-behavior-and-strain-on-concrete-surface-during-rebar-corrosion-in-reinforced-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2930</span> Non-Homogeneous Layered Fiber Reinforced Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitalijs%20Lusis">Vitalijs Lusis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrejs%20Krasnikovs"> Andrejs Krasnikovs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fiber reinforced concrete is important material for load bearing structural elements. Usually fibers are homogeneously distributed in a concrete body having arbitrary spatial orientations. At the same time, in many situations, fiber concrete with oriented fibers is more optimal. Is obvious, that is possible to create constructions with oriented short fibers in them, in different ways. Present research is devoted to one of such approaches- fiber reinforced concrete prisms having dimensions 100 mm×100 mm×400 mm with layers of non-homogeneously distributed fibers inside them were fabricated. Simultaneously prisms with homogeneously dispersed fibers were produced for reference as well. Prisms were tested under four point bending conditions. During the tests vertical deflection at the center of every prism and crack opening were measured (using linear displacements transducers in real timescale). Prediction results were discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20reinforced%20concrete" title="fiber reinforced concrete">fiber reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-point%20bending" title=" 4-point bending"> 4-point bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20fiber" title=" steel fiber"> steel fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20engineering" title=" construction engineering"> construction engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8031/non-homogeneous-layered-fiber-reinforced-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2929</span> Strength of Fine Concrete Used in Textile Reinforced Concrete by Changing Water-Binder Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taekyun%20Kim">Taekyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongho%20Park"> Jongho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinwoong%20Choi"> Jinwoong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Kyu%20Park"> Sun-Kyu Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the abnormal climate phenomenon has enlarged due to the global warming. As a result, temperature variation is increasing and the term is being prolonged, frequency of high and low temperature is increasing by heat wave and severe cold. Especially for reinforced concrete structure, the corrosion of reinforcement has occurred by concrete crack due to temperature change and the durability of the structure that has decreased by concrete crack. Accordingly, the textile reinforced concrete (TRC) which does not corrode due to using textile is getting the interest and the investigation of TRC is proceeding. The study of TRC structure behavior has proceeded, but the characteristic study of the concrete used in TRC is insufficient. Therefore, characteristic of the concrete by changing mixing ratio is studied in this paper. As a result, mixing ratio with different water-binder ratio has influenced to the strength of concrete. Also, as the water-binder ratio has decreased, strength of concrete has increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20ratio" title=" mixing ratio"> mixing ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title=" textile"> textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRC" title=" TRC"> TRC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46094/strength-of-fine-concrete-used-in-textile-reinforced-concrete-by-changing-water-binder-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2928</span> First Cracking Moments of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Steel Reinforced Concrete Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saruhan%20Kartal">Saruhan Kartal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilker%20Kalkan"> Ilker Kalkan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper reports the cracking moment estimates of a set of steel-reinforced, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-reinforced and hybrid steel-FRP reinforced concrete beams, calculated from different analytical formulations in the codes, together with the experimental cracking load values. A total of three steel-reinforced, four FRP-reinforced, 12 hybrid FRP-steel over-reinforced and five hybrid FRP-steel under-reinforced concrete beam tests were analyzed within the scope of the study. Glass FRP (GFRP) and Basalt FRP (BFRP) bars were used in the beams as FRP bars. In under-reinforced hybrid beams, rupture of the FRP bars preceded crushing of concrete, while concrete crushing preceded FRP rupture in over-reinforced beams. In both types, steel yielding took place long before the FRP rupture and concrete crushing. The cracking moment mainly depends on two quantities, namely the moment of inertia of the section at the initiation of cracking and the flexural tensile strength of concrete, i.e. the modulus of rupture. In the present study, two different definitions of uncracked moment of inertia, i.e. the gross and the uncracked transformed moments of inertia, were adopted. Two analytical equations for the modulus of rupture (ACI 318M and Eurocode 2) were utilized in the calculations as well as the experimental tensile strength of concrete from prismatic specimen tests. The ACI 318M modulus of rupture expression produced cracking moment estimates closer to the experimental cracking moments of FRP-reinforced and hybrid FRP-steel reinforced concrete beams when used in combination with the uncracked transformed moment of inertia, yet the Eurocode 2 modulus of rupture expression gave more accurate cracking moment estimates in steel-reinforced concrete beams. All of the analytical definitions produced analytical values considerably different from the experimental cracking load values of the solely FRP-reinforced concrete beam specimens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20reinforcement" title="polymer reinforcement">polymer reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four-point%20bending" title=" four-point bending"> four-point bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20use%20of%20reinforcement" title=" hybrid use of reinforcement"> hybrid use of reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracking%20moment" title=" cracking moment"> cracking moment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107997/first-cracking-moments-of-hybrid-fiber-reinforced-polymer-steel-reinforced-concrete-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2927</span> Experimental Study on the Creep Characteristics of FRC Base for Composite Pavement System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo-Tai%20Jung">Woo-Tai Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Yong%20Choi"> Sung-Yong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Hwan%20Park"> Young-Hwan Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The composite pavement system considered in this paper is composed of a functional surface layer, a fiber reinforced asphalt middle layer and a fiber reinforced lean concrete base layer. The mix design of the fiber reinforced lean concrete corresponds to the mix composition of conventional lean concrete but reinforced by fibers. The quasi-absence of research on the durability or long-term performances (fatigue, creep, etc.) of such mix design stresses the necessity to evaluate experimentally the long-term characteristics of this layer composition. This study tests the creep characteristics as one of the long-term characteristics of the fiber reinforced lean concrete layer for composite pavement using a new creep device. The test results reveal that the lean concrete mixed with fiber reinforcement and fly ash develops smaller creep than the conventional lean concrete. The results of the application of the CEB-FIP prediction equation indicate that a modified creep prediction equation should be developed to fit with the new mix design of the layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep" title="creep">creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20concrete" title=" lean concrete"> lean concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement" title=" pavement"> pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20reinforced%20concrete" title=" fiber reinforced concrete"> fiber reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base" title=" base"> base</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1482/experimental-study-on-the-creep-characteristics-of-frc-base-for-composite-pavement-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2926</span> The Effect of Air Entraining Agents on Compressive Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demet%20Yavuz">Demet Yavuz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Freeze-thaw cycles are one of the greatest threats to concrete durability. Lately, protection against this threat excites scientists’ attention. Air-entraining admixtures have been widely used to produce freeze-thaw resistant at concretes. The use of air-entraining agents (AEAs) enhances not only freeze-thaw endurance but also the properties of fresh concrete such as segregation, bleeding and flow ability. This paper examines the effects of air-entraining on compressive strength of concrete. Air-entraining is used between 0.05% and 0.4% by weight of cement. One control and four fiber reinforced concrete mixes are prepared and three specimens are tested for each mix. It is concluded from the test results that when air entraining is increased the compressive strength of concrete reduces for all mixes with AEAs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air-entraining" title=" air-entraining"> air-entraining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61136/the-effect-of-air-entraining-agents-on-compressive-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2925</span> Correlation between Initial Absorption of the Cover Concrete, the Compressive Strength and Carbonation Depth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouzidi%20Yassine">Bouzidi Yassine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This experimental work was aimed to characterize the porosity of the concrete cover zone using the capillary absorption test, and establish the links between open porosity characterized by the initial absorption, the compressive strength and carbonation depth. Eight formulations of workability similar made from ordinary Portland cement (CEM I 42.5) and a compound cement (CEM II/B 42.5) four of each type are studied. The results allow us to highlight the effect of the cement type. Indeed, concretes-based cement CEM II/B 42.5 carbonatent approximately faster than concretes-based cement CEM I 42.5. This effect is attributed in part to the lower content of portlandite Ca(OH)2 of concretes-based cement CEM II/B 42.5, but also the impact of the cement type on the open porosity of the cover concrete. The open porosity of concretes-based cement CEM I 42.5 is lower than that of concretes-based cement CEM II/B 42.5. The carbonation depth is a decreasing function of the compressive strength at 28 days and increases with the initial absorption. Through the results obtained, correlations between the quantity of water absorbed in 1 h, the carbonation depth at 180 days and the compressive strength at 28 days were performed in an acceptable manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20absorption" title="initial absorption">initial absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cover%20concrete" title=" cover concrete"> cover concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonation%20depth" title=" carbonation depth "> carbonation depth </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25875/correlation-between-initial-absorption-of-the-cover-concrete-the-compressive-strength-and-carbonation-depth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2924</span> Size Effect on Shear Strength of Slender Reinforced Concrete Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhan%20Ahmad">Subhan Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Bhargava"> Pradeep Bhargava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Chourasia"> Ajay Chourasia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shear failure in reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement leads to loss of property and life since a very little or no warning occurs before failure as in case of flexural failure. Shear strength of reinforced concrete beams decreases as its depth increases. This phenomenon is generally called as the size effect. In this paper, a comparative analysis is performed to estimate the performance of shear strength models in capturing the size effect of reinforced concrete beams made with conventional concrete, self-compacting concrete, and recycled aggregate concrete. Four shear strength models that account for the size effect in shear are selected from the literature and applied on the datasets of slender reinforced concrete beams. Beams prepared with conventional concrete, self-compacting concrete, and recycled aggregate concrete are considered for the analysis. Results showed that all the four models captured the size effect in shear effectively and produced conservative estimates of the shear strength for beams made with normal strength conventional concrete. These models yielded unconservative estimates for high strength conventional concrete beams with larger effective depths ( > 450 mm). Model of Bazant and Kim (1984) captured the size effect precisely and produced conservative estimates of shear strength of self-compacting concrete beams at all the effective depths. Also, shear strength models considered in this study produced unconservative estimates of shear strength for recycled aggregate concrete beams at all effective depths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20beams%3B%20shear%20strength%3B%20prediction%20models%3B%20size%20effect" title="reinforced concrete beams; shear strength; prediction models; size effect">reinforced concrete beams; shear strength; prediction models; size effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122714/size-effect-on-shear-strength-of-slender-reinforced-concrete-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2923</span> The Flexural Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Cement Mortars Using UM Resin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Ho%20Kwon">Min Ho Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo%20Young%20Jung"> Woo Young Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Su%20Seo"> Hyun Su Seo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Polymer Cement Mortar (PCM) has been widely used as the material of repair and restoration work for concrete structure; however a PCM usually induces an environmental pollutant. Therefore, there is a need to develop PCM which is less impact to environments. Usually, UM resin is known to be harmless to the environment. Accordingly, in this paper, the properties of the PCM using UM resin were studied. The general cement mortar and UM resin was mixed in the specified ratio. A certain percentage of PVA fibers, steel fibers and mixed fibers (PVA fiber and steel fiber) were added to enhance the flexural strength. The flexural tests were performed in order to investigate the flexural strength of each PCM. Experimental results showed that the strength of proposed PCM using UM resin is improved when they are compared with general cement mortar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20cement%20mortar" title="polymer cement mortar">polymer cement mortar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UM%20resin" title=" UM resin"> UM resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVA%20fiber" title=" PVA fiber"> PVA fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20fiber" title=" steel fiber"> steel fiber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3903/the-flexural-strength-of-fiber-reinforced-polymer-cement-mortars-using-um-resin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2922</span> Effect of Rice Husk Ash on Strength and Durability of High Strength High Performance Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20B.%20Mahmud">H. B. Mahmud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syamsul%20Bahri"> Syamsul Bahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20W.%20Yee"> Y. W. Yee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20T.%20Yeap"> Y. T. Yeap </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports the strength and durability properties of high strength high performance concrete incorporating rice husk ash (RHA) having high silica, low carbon content and appropriate fineness. In this study concrete containing 10%, 15% and 20% RHA as cement replacement and water to binder ratio of 0.25 were investigated. The results show that increasing amount of RHA increases the dosage of superplasticizer to maintain similar workability. Partial replacement of cement with RHA did not increase the early age compressive strength of concrete. However, concrete containing RHA showed higher compressive strength at later ages. The results showed that compressive strength of concrete in the 90-115 MPa range can be obtained at 28 curing days and the durability properties of RHA concrete performed better than that of control concrete. The water absorption of concrete incorporating 15% RHA exhibited the lowest value. The porosity of concrete is consistent with water absorption whereby higher replacement of RHA decreased the porosity of concrete. There is a positive correlation between reducing porosity and increasing compressive strength of high strength high performance concrete. The results also indicate that up to 20% of RHA incorporation could be advantageously blended with cement without adversely affecting the strength and durability properties of concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20performance%20concrete" title=" high performance concrete"> high performance concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk%20ash" title=" rice husk ash"> rice husk ash</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47128/effect-of-rice-husk-ash-on-strength-and-durability-of-high-strength-high-performance-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2921</span> Experimental Study on the Effect of Water-Cement Ratio and Replacement Ratio to the Capacity of the Recycled Aggregate Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Fu">Feng Fu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Karli"> Maria Karli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, experimental studies were carried out to investigate the behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A number of compressive tests, tensile splitting tests, as well as impact tests were conducted. In the tests, different recycled aggregate replacement ratio, different mix design and different water to cement ratio have been chosen in the investigation. The behavior of the RAC concrete was investigated in detail. The results of the tests show that the water-cement ratio plays an important role in the strength of the concrete and RAC concrete exhibit sufficient strength in comparison to the normal aggregate concrete; the relevant design recommendations are also made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20aggregate%20concrete" title="recycled aggregate concrete">recycled aggregate concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20test" title=" compressive test"> compressive test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20splitting%20test" title=" tensile splitting test"> tensile splitting test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength%20test" title=" flexural strength test"> flexural strength test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20test" title=" impact test"> impact test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71770/experimental-study-on-the-effect-of-water-cement-ratio-and-replacement-ratio-to-the-capacity-of-the-recycled-aggregate-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2920</span> Effect of Concrete Strength on the Bond Between Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Concrete in Hot Weather</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usama%20Mohamed%20Ahamed">Usama Mohamed Ahamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research deals with the bond behavior of carbon FRP composite wraps adhered/bonded to the surface of the concrete. Four concrete mixes were designed to achieve a concrete compressive strength of 18, 22.5,25 and 30 MP after 28 days of curing. The focus of the study is on bond degradation when the hybrid structure is exposed to hot weather conditions. Specimens were exposed to 50 0C temperature duration 6 months and other specimens were sustained in laboratory temperature ( 20-24) 0C. Upon removing the specimens from their conditioning environment, tension tests were performed in the machine using a specially manufactured concrete cube holder. A lightweight mortar layer is used to protect the bonded carbon FRP layer on the concrete surface. The results show that the higher the concrete's compressive, the higher the bond strength. The high temperature decreases the bond strength between concrete and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer. The use of a protection layer is essential for concrete exposed to hot weather. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond" title=" bond"> bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20weather%20and%20carbon%20fiber" title=" hot weather and carbon fiber"> hot weather and carbon fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20fiber%20reinforced%20polymers" title=" carbon fiber reinforced polymers"> carbon fiber reinforced polymers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169015/effect-of-concrete-strength-on-the-bond-between-carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer-and-concrete-in-hot-weather" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2919</span> Reinforced Concrete Design Construction Issues and Earthquake Failure-Damage Responses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Husnu%20Korkmaz">Hasan Husnu Korkmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serra%20Zerrin%20Korkmaz"> Serra Zerrin Korkmaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Earthquakes are the natural disasters that threat several countries. Turkey is situated on a very active earthquake zone. During the recent earthquakes, thousands of people died due to failure of reinforced concrete structures. Although Turkey has a very sufficient earthquake code, the design and construction mistakes were repeated for old structures. Lack of the control mechanism during the construction process may be the most important reason of failure. The quality of the concrete and poor detailing of steel or reinforcement is the most important headings. In this paper, the reasons of failure of reinforced concrete structures were summarized with relevant photos. The paper is beneficial for civil engineers as well as architect who are in the process of construction and design of structures in earthquake zones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20structure" title=" reinforced concrete structure"> reinforced concrete structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material" title=" material"> material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47736/reinforced-concrete-design-construction-issues-and-earthquake-failure-damage-responses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2918</span> Feasibility of a Biopolymer as Lightweight Aggregate in Perlite Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20A.%20Sayadi">Ali A. Sayadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20R.%20Neitzert"> Thomas R. Neitzert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Charles%20Clifton"> G. Charles Clifton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lightweight concrete is being used in the construction industry as a building material in its own right. Ultra-lightweight concrete can be applied as a filler and support material for the manufacturing of composite building materials. This paper is about the development of a stable and reproducible ultra-lightweight concrete with the inclusion of poly-lactic acid (PLA) beads and assessing the feasibility of PLA as a lightweight aggregate that will deliver advantages such as a more eco-friendly concrete and a non-petroleum polymer aggregate. In total, sixty-three samples were prepared and the effectiveness of mineral admixture, curing conditions, water-cement ratio, PLA ratio, EPS ratio and perlite ratio on compressive strength of perlite concrete are studied. The results show that PLA particles are sensitive to alkali environment of cement paste and considerably shrank and lost their strength. A higher compressive strength and a lower density was observed when expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles replaced PLA beads. In addition, a set of equations is proposed to estimate the water-cement ratio, cement content and compressive strength of perlite concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perlite%20concrete" title="perlite concrete">perlite concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly-lactic%20acid%20%28pla%29" title=" poly-lactic acid (pla)"> poly-lactic acid (pla)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expanded%20polystyrene%20%28eps%29" title=" expanded polystyrene (eps)"> expanded polystyrene (eps)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50271/feasibility-of-a-biopolymer-as-lightweight-aggregate-in-perlite-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20cement%20concrete&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20cement%20concrete&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20cement%20concrete&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20cement%20concrete&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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