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dam</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: tailings dam"> <meta name="keywords" content="tailings dam"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="tailings dam"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 51</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: tailings dam</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> The Use of Piezocone Penetration Test Data for the Assessment of Iron Ore Tailings Liquefaction Susceptibility </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Breno%20M.%20Castilho">Breno M. Castilho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Iron Ore Quadrangle, located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil is responsible for most of the country’s iron ore production. As a result, some of the biggest tailings dams in the country are located in this area. In recent years, several major failure events have happened in Tailings Storage Facilities (TSF) located in the Iron Ore Quadrangle. Some of these failures were found to be caused by liquefaction flowslides. This paper presents Piezocone Penetration Test (CPTu) data that was used, by applying Olson and Peterson methods, for the liquefaction susceptibility assessment of the iron ore tailings that are typically found in most TSF in the area. Piezocone data was also used to determine the steady-state strength of the tailings so as to allow for comparison with its drained strength. Results have shown great susceptibility for liquefaction to occur in the studied tailings and, more importantly, a large reduction in its strength. These results are key to understanding the failures that took place over the last few years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piezocone%20Penetration%20Test%20CPTu" title="Piezocone Penetration Test CPTu">Piezocone Penetration Test CPTu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20ore%20tailings" title=" iron ore tailings"> iron ore tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining"> mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction%20susceptibility%20assessment" title=" liquefaction susceptibility assessment"> liquefaction susceptibility assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74404/the-use-of-piezocone-penetration-test-data-for-the-assessment-of-iron-ore-tailings-liquefaction-susceptibility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Co-Disposal of Coal Ash with Mine Tailings in Surface Paste Disposal Practices: A Gold Mining Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20L.%20Dinis">M. L. Dinis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20C.%20Vila"> M. C. Vila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Fi%C3%BAza"> A. Fiúza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Futuro"> A. Futuro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Nunes"> C. Nunes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper describes the study of paste tailings prepared in laboratory using gold tailings, produced in a Finnish gold mine with the incorporation of coal ash. Natural leaching tests were conducted with the original materials (tailings, fly and bottom ashes) and also with paste mixtures that were prepared with different percentages of tailings and ashes. After leaching, the solid wastes were physically and chemically characterized and the results were compared to those selected as blank – the unleached samples. The tailings and the coal ash, as well as the prepared mixtures, were characterized, in addition to the textural parameters, by the following measurements: grain size distribution, chemical composition and pH. Mixtures were also tested in order to characterize their mechanical behavior by measuring the flexural strength, the compressive strength and the consistency. The original tailing samples presented an alkaline pH because during their processing they were previously submitted to pressure oxidation with destruction of the sulfides. Therefore, it was not possible to ascertain the effect of the coal ashes in the acid mine drainage. However, it was possible to verify that the paste reactivity was affected mostly by the bottom ash and that the tailings blended with bottom ash present lower mechanical strength than when blended with a combination of fly and bottom ash. Surface paste disposal offer an attractive alternative to traditional methods in addition to the environmental benefits of incorporating large-volume wastes (e.g. bottom ash). However, a comprehensive characterization of the paste mixtures is crucial to optimize paste design in order to enhance engineer and environmental properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20ash" title="coal ash">coal ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20tailings" title=" mine tailings"> mine tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paste%20blends" title=" paste blends"> paste blends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20disposal" title=" surface disposal"> surface disposal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47824/co-disposal-of-coal-ash-with-mine-tailings-in-surface-paste-disposal-practices-a-gold-mining-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Static and Dynamic Tailings Dam Monitoring with Accelerometers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristiana%20Ortig%C3%A3o">Cristiana Ortigão</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Couto"> Antonio Couto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thiago%20Gabriel"> Thiago Gabriel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the wake of Samarco Fundão’s failure in 2015 followed by Vale’s Brumadinho disaster in 2019, the Brazilian National Mining Agency started a comprehensive dam safety programmed to rank dam safety risks and establish monitoring and analysis procedures. This paper focuses on the use of accelerometers for static and dynamic applications. Static applications may employ tiltmeters, as an example shown later in this paper. Dynamic monitoring of a structure with accelerometers yields its dynamic signature and this technique has also been successfully used in Brazil and this paper gives an example of tailings dam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrumentation" title="instrumentation">instrumentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic" title=" dynamic"> dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings" title=" tailings"> tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dams" title=" dams"> dams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tiltmeters" title=" tiltmeters"> tiltmeters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title=" automation"> automation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157581/static-and-dynamic-tailings-dam-monitoring-with-accelerometers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Characterization of Tailings From Traditional Panning of Alluvial Gold Ore (A Case Study of Ilesa - Southwestern Nigeria Goldfield Tailings Dumps)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olaniyi%20Awe">Olaniyi Awe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adelana%20%20R.%20Adetunji"> Adelana R. Adetunji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abraham%20Adeleke"> Abraham Adeleke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Field observation revealed a lot of artisanal gold mining activities in Ilesa gold belt of southwestern Nigeria. The possibility of alluvial and lode gold deposits in commercial quantities around this location is very high, as there are many resident artisanal gold miners who have been mining and trading alluvial gold ore for decades and to date in the area. Their major process of solid gold recovery from its ore is by gravity concentration using the convectional panning method. This method is simple to learn and fast to recover gold from its alluvial ore, but its effectiveness is based on rules of thumb and the artisanal miners' experience in handling gold ore panning tool while processing the ore. Research samples from five alluvial gold ore tailings dumps were collected and studied. Samples were subjected to particle size analysis and mineralogical and elemental characterization using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) methods, respectively. The results showed that the tailings were of major quartz in association with albite, plagioclase, mica, gold, calcite and sulphide minerals. The elemental composition analysis revealed a 15ppm of gold concentration in particle size fraction of -90 microns in one of the tailings dumps investigated. These results are significant. It is recommended that heaps of panning tailings should be further reprocessed using other gold recovery methods such as shaking tables, flotation and controlled cyanidation that can efficiently recover fine gold particles that were previously lost into the gold panning tailings. The tailings site should also be well controlled and monitored so that these heavy minerals do not find their way into surrounding water streams and rivers, thereby causing health hazards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20ore" title="gold ore">gold ore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panning" title=" panning"> panning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIXE" title=" PIXE"> PIXE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings" title=" tailings"> tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159275/characterization-of-tailings-from-traditional-panning-of-alluvial-gold-ore-a-case-study-of-ilesa-southwestern-nigeria-goldfield-tailings-dumps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Assessment for the Backfill Using the Run of the Mine Tailings and Portland Cement </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Someehneshin">Javad Someehneshin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weizhou%20Quan"> Weizhou Quan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelsalam%20Abugharara"> Abdelsalam Abugharara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Butt"> Stephen Butt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Narrow vein mining (NVM) is exploiting very thin but valuable ore bodies that are uneconomical to extract by conventional mining methods. NVM applies the technique of Sustainable Mining by Drilling (SMD). The SMD method is used to mine stranded, steeply dipping ore veins, which are too small or isolated to mine economically using conventional methods since the dilution is minimized. This novel mining technique uses drilling rigs to extract the ore through directional drilling surgically. This paper is focusing on utilizing the run of the mine tailings and Portland cement as backfill material to support the hanging wall for providing safe mine operation. Cemented paste backfill (CPB) is designed by mixing waste tailings, water, and cement of the precise percentage for optimal outcomes. It is a non-homogenous material that contains 70-85% solids. Usually, a hydraulic binder is added to the mixture to increase the strength of the CPB. The binder fraction mostly accounts for 2–10% of the total weight. In the mining industry, CPB has been improved and expanded gradually because it provides safety and support for the mines. Furthermore, CPB helps manage the waste tailings in an economical method and plays a significant role in environmental protection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backfilling" title="backfilling">backfilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20backfill" title=" cement backfill"> cement backfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings" title=" tailings"> tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Portland%20cement" title=" Portland cement"> Portland cement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125089/assessment-for-the-backfill-using-the-run-of-the-mine-tailings-and-portland-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Statistical Variability of Soil Parameters within the Copper Belt Region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephan%20P.%20Barkhuizen">Stephan P. Barkhuizen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deon%20Greyling"> Deon Greyling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan%20J.%20Miller"> Ryan J. Miller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The accurate determination of the engineering parameters of soil is necessary for the design of geotechnical structures, such as Tailings Storage Facilities. The shear strength and saturated permeability of soil and tailings samples obtained from 14 sites located in the copper belt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo have been tested at six commercial soil laboratories in South Africa. This study compiles a database of the test results proved by the soil laboratories. The samples have been categorised into clay, silt, and sand, based on the Unified Soil Classification System, with tailings kept separate. The effective friction angle (Φ’) and cohesion (c’) were interpreted from the stress paths, in s’:t space, obtained from triaxial tests. The minimum, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, and maximum values for Φ’,c’, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (k) have been determined for the soil sample. The objective is to provide statistics of the measured values of the engineering properties for the TSF borrow material, foundation soils and tailings of this region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20test%20work" title=" laboratory test work"> laboratory test work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20engineering%20parameter%20variation" title=" soil engineering parameter variation"> soil engineering parameter variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings%20storage%20facilities" title=" tailings storage facilities"> tailings storage facilities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182795/statistical-variability-of-soil-parameters-within-the-copper-belt-region-of-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> In-Situ Determination of Radioactivity Levels and Radiological Hazards in and around the Gold Mine Tailings of the West Rand Area, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paballo%20M.%20Moshupya">Paballo M. Moshupya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamiru%20A.%20Abiye"> Tamiru A. Abiye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Korir"> Ian Korir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mining and processing of naturally occurring radioactive materials could result in elevated levels of natural radionuclides in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioactivity levels on a large scale in the West Rand District in South Africa, which is dominated by abandoned gold mine tailings and the consequential radiological exposures to members of the public. The activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and 40K in mine tailings, soil and rocks were assessed using the BGO Super-Spec (RS-230) gamma spectrometer. The measured activity concentrations for ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and 40K in the studied mine tailings were found to range from 209.95 to 2578.68 Bq/kg, 19.49 to 108.00 Bq/kg and 31.30 to 626.00 Bq/kg, respectively. In surface soils, the overall average activity concentrations were found to be 59.15 Bq/kg, 34.91 and 245.64 Bq/kg for 238U, ²³²Th and 40K, respectively. For the rock samples analyzed, the mean activity concentrations were 32.97 Bq/kg, 32.26 Bq/kg and 351.52 Bg/kg for ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and 40K, respectively. High radioactivity levels were found in mine tailings, with ²³⁸U contributing significantly to the overall activity concentration. The external gamma radiation received from surface soil in the area is generally low, with an average of 0.07 mSv/y. The highest annual effective doses were estimated from the tailings dams and the levels varied between 0.14 mSv/y and 1.09 mSv/y, with an average of 0.51 mSv/y. In certain locations, the recommended dose constraint of 0.25 mSv/y from a single source to the average member of the public within the exposed population was exceeded, indicating the need for further monitoring and regulatory control measures specific to these areas to ensure the protection of resident members of the public. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity%20concentration" title="activity concentration">activity concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20mine%20tailings" title=" gold mine tailings"> gold mine tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20gamma%20spectrometry" title=" in-situ gamma spectrometry"> in-situ gamma spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiological%20exposures" title=" radiological exposures"> radiological exposures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146072/in-situ-determination-of-radioactivity-levels-and-radiological-hazards-in-and-around-the-gold-mine-tailings-of-the-west-rand-area-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Hydraulic Characteristics of Mine Tailings by Metaheuristics Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhila%20Vasudev">Akhila Vasudev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himanshu%20Kaushik"> Himanshu Kaushik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadikonda%20Venkata%20Bharat"> Tadikonda Venkata Bharat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A large number of mine tailings are produced every year as part of the extraction process of phosphates, gold, copper, and other materials. Mine tailings are high in water content and have very slow dewatering behavior. The efficient design of tailings dam and economical disposal of these slurries requires the knowledge of tailings consolidation behavior. The large-strain consolidation theory closely predicts the self-weight consolidation of these slurries as the theory considers the conservation of mass and momentum conservation and considers the hydraulic conductivity as a function of void ratio. Classical laboratory techniques, such as settling column test, seepage consolidation test, etc., are expensive and time-consuming for the estimation of hydraulic conductivity variation with void ratio. Inverse estimation of the constitutive relationships from the measured settlement versus time curves is explored. In this work, inverse analysis based on metaheuristics techniques will be explored for predicting the hydraulic conductivity parameters for mine tailings from the base excess pore water pressure dissipation curve and the initial conditions of the mine tailings. The proposed inverse model uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is based on the social behavior of animals searching for food sources. The finite-difference numerical solution of the forward analytical model is integrated with the PSO algorithm to solve the inverse problem. The method is tested on synthetic data of base excess pore pressure dissipation curves generated using the finite difference method. The effectiveness of the method is verified using base excess pore pressure dissipation curve obtained from a settling column experiment and further ensured through comparison with available predicted hydraulic conductivity parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20excess%20pore%20pressure" title="base excess pore pressure">base excess pore pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20conductivity" title=" hydraulic conductivity"> hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20strain%20consolidation" title=" large strain consolidation"> large strain consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20tailings" title=" mine tailings"> mine tailings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133056/hydraulic-characteristics-of-mine-tailings-by-metaheuristics-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Effect of Iron Ore Tailings on the Properties of Fly-ash Cement Concrete </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sikiru%20F.%20Oritola">Sikiru F. Oritola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Latif%20Saleh"> Abd Latif Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Rahman%20Mohd%20Sam"> Abd Rahman Mohd Sam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozana%20Zakaria"> Rozana Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mushairry%20Mustaffar"> Mushairry Mustaffar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The strength of concrete varies with the types of material used; the material used within concrete can also result in different strength due to improper selection of the component. Each material brings a different aspect to the concrete. This work studied the effect of using Iron ore Tailings (IOTs) as partial replacement for sand on some properties of concrete using Fly ash Cement as the binder. The sieve analysis and some other basic properties of the materials used in producing concrete samples were first determined. Two brands of Fly ash Cement were studied. For each brand of Fly ash Cement, five different types of concrete samples denoted as HCT0, HCT10, HCT20, HCT30 and HCT40, for the first brand and PCT0, PCT10, PCT20, PCT30 and PCT40, for the second brand were produced. The percentage of Tailings as partial replacement for sand in the sample was varied from 0% to 40% at 10% interval. For each concrete sample, the average of three cubes, three cylinders and three prism specimen results was used for the determination of the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and the flexural strength respectively. Water/cement ratio of 0.54 with fly-ash cement content of 463 Kg/m3 was used in preparing the fresh concrete. The slump values for the HCT brand concrete ranges from 152mm – 75mm while that of PCT brand ranges from 149mm to 70mm. The concrete sample PCT30 recorded the highest 28 days compressive strength of 28.12 N/mm2, the highest splitting tensile strength of 2.99 N/mm2 as well as the highest flexural strength of 4.99 N/mm2. The texture of the iron-ore tailings is rough and angular and was therefore able to improve the strength of the fly ash cement concrete. Also, due to the fineness of the IOTs more void in the concrete can be filled, but this reaches the optimum at 30% replacement level, hence the drop in strength at 40% replacement <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20strength" title="concrete strength">concrete strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20aggregate" title=" fine aggregate"> fine aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash%20cement" title=" fly ash cement"> fly ash cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20ore%20tailings" title=" iron ore tailings"> iron ore tailings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21667/effect-of-iron-ore-tailings-on-the-properties-of-fly-ash-cement-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">671</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Advancing Environmental Remediation Through the Production of Functional Porous Materials from Phosphorite Residue Tailings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mohammed%20Yimer">Ali Mohammed Yimer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Assen"> Ayalew Assen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youssef%20Belmabkhout"> Youssef Belmabkhout</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental remediation is a pressing global concern, necessitating innovative strategies to address the challenges posed by industrial waste and pollution. This study aims to advance environmental remediation by developing cutting-edge functional porous materials from phosphorite residue tailings. Phosphorite mining activities generate vast amounts of waste, which pose significant environmental risks due to their contaminants. The proposed approach involved transforming these phosphorite residue tailings into valuable porous materials through a series of physico-chemical processes including milling, acid-base leaching, designing or templating as well as formation processes. The key components of the tailings were extracted and processed to produce porous arrays with high surface area and porosity. These materials were engineered to possess specific properties suitable for environmental remediation applications, such as enhanced adsorption capacity and selectivity for target contaminants. The synthesized porous materials were thoroughly characterized using advanced analytical techniques (XRD, SEM-EDX, N2 sorption, TGA, FTIR) to assess their structural, morphological, and chemical properties. The performance of the materials in removing various pollutants, including heavy metals and organic compounds, were evaluated through batch adsorption experiments. Additionally, the potential for material regeneration and reusability was investigated to enhance the sustainability of the proposed remediation approach. The outdoors of this research holds significant promise for addressing the environmental challenges associated with phosphorite residue tailings. By valorizing these waste materials into porous materials with exceptional remediation capabilities, this study contributes to the development of sustainable and cost-effective solutions for environmental cleanup. Furthermore, the utilization of phosphorite residue tailings in this manner offers a potential avenue for the remediation of other contaminated sites, thereby fostering a circular economy approach to waste management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20porous%20materials" title="functional porous materials">functional porous materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphorite%20residue%20tailings" title=" phosphorite residue tailings"> phosphorite residue tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20remediation" title=" environmental remediation"> environmental remediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20solutions" title=" sustainable solutions"> sustainable solutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181998/advancing-environmental-remediation-through-the-production-of-functional-porous-materials-from-phosphorite-residue-tailings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> The Effects of Green Manure Returning on Properties and Fungal Communities in Vanadium/Titanium Magnet Tailings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hai-Hong%20Gu">Hai-Hong Gu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Jun%20Ai"> Yan-Jun Ai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheng%20Zhou"> Zheng Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vanadium and titanium are rare metals with superior properties and are important resources in aerospace, aviation, and military. The vanadium/titanium magnetite are mostly ultra-lean ores, and a large number of tailings has been produced in the exploitation process. The tailings are characterized by loose structure, poor nutrient, complex composition and high trace metal contents. Returning green manure has been shown to not only increase plant biomass and soil nutrients but also change the bioavailability of trace metals and the microbial community structure. Fungi play an important role in decomposing organic matter and increasing soil fertility, and the application of organic matter also affects the community structure of fungi. The effects of green manure plants, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), returned to the tailings in situ on community structure of fungi, nutrients and bioavailability of trace metals in vanadium/titanium magnetite tailings were investigated in a pot experiment. The results showed that the fungal community diversity and richness were increase after alfalfa green manure returned in situ. The dominant phyla of the fungal community were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Ciliophora, especially, the phyla Ciliophora was rare in ordinary soil, but had been found to be the dominant phyla in tailings. Meanwhile, the nutrient properties and various trace metals may shape the microbial communities by affecting the abundance of fungi. It was found that the plant growth was stimulated and the available N and organic C were significantly improved in the vanadium/titanium magnetite tailing with the long-term returning of alfalfa green manure. Moreover, the DTPA-TEA extractable Cd and Zn concentrations in the vanadium/titanium magnetite tailing were reduced by 7.72%~23.8% and 8.02%~24.4%, respectively, compared with those in the non-returning treatment. The above results suggest that the returning of alfalfa green manure could be a potential approach to improve fungal community structure and restore mine tailing ecosystem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20community" title="fungal community">fungal community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20manure%20returning" title=" green manure returning"> green manure returning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vanadium%2Ftitanium%20magnet%20tailings" title=" vanadium/titanium magnet tailings"> vanadium/titanium magnet tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20metals" title=" trace metals"> trace metals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175570/the-effects-of-green-manure-returning-on-properties-and-fungal-communities-in-vanadiumtitanium-magnet-tailings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Geochemical and Spatial Distribution of Minerals in the Tailings of IFE/IJESA Gold Mine Zone, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladejo%20S.%20O">Oladejo S. O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomori%20W.%20B"> Tomori W. B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adebayo%20A.%20O"> Adebayo A. O</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this research is to identify the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics potential of unexplored tailings around the gold deposit region using spatial statistics and map modeling. Some physicochemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon, total organic matter, residual humidity, Cation exchange capacity, and particle size were determined from both the mine drains and tailing samples using standard methods. The physicochemical parameters of tailings ranges obtained were pH (6.0 – 7.3), Eh (−16 - 95 Mev), EC (49 - 156 µS/cm), RH (0.20-2.60%), CEC (3.64-6.45 cmol/kg), TOC (3.57-18.62%), TOM (6.15-22.93%). The geochemical oxide composition were identified using Proton Induced X-ray emission and the results indicated that SiO2>Al2O3>Fe2O3>TiO2>K2O>MgO>CaO>Na2O> P2O5>MnO>Cr2O3>SrO>K2O>P2O5. The major mineralogical components in the tailing samples were determined by quantitative X-ray diffraction techniques using the Rietveld method. Geostatistical relationships among the known points were determined using ArcGIS 10.2 software to interpolate mineral concentration with respect to the study area. The Rietveld method gave a general Quartz value of 73.73-92.76%, IImenite as 0.38-4.77%, Kaolinite group as 3.19-20.83%, Muscovite as 0.77-11.70% with a trace of other minerals. The high percentage of quartz is an indication of a sandy environment with a loose binding site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings" title="tailings">tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geochemical" title=" geochemical"> geochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralogy" title=" mineralogy"> mineralogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial" title=" spatial"> spatial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180238/geochemical-and-spatial-distribution-of-minerals-in-the-tailings-of-ifeijesa-gold-mine-zone-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Tribological Characterization of Composites Based on Epoxy Resin Filled with Tailings of Scheelite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarissa%20D.%20M.%20O.%20Guimaraes">Clarissa D. M. O. Guimaraes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariza%20C.%20M.%20Fernandes"> Mariza C. M. Fernandes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20R.%20V.%20Diaz"> Francisco R. V. Diaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20R.%20Souza"> Juliana R. Souza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of mineral fillers in the preparation of organic matrix composites can be an efficient alternative in minimizing the environmental damage generated in passive mineral beneficiation processes. In addition, it may represent a new material option for wind, construction, and aeronautical industries, for example. In this sense, epoxy resin composites with Tailings of Scheelite (TS) were developed. The composites were manufactured with 5%, 10% and 20% of TS in volume percentage, homogenized by mechanical mixing and molded in a silicon mold. In order to make the tribological evaluation, pin on disk tests were performed to analyze coefficient of friction and wear. The wear mechanisms were identified by SEM (scanning electron microscope) images. The coefficient of friction had a tendency to decrease with increasing amount of filler. The wear tends to increase with increasing amount of filler, although it exhibits a similar wear behavior. The results suggest characteristics that are potential used in many tribological applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites" title="composites">composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20filler" title=" mineral filler"> mineral filler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings%20of%20scheelite" title=" tailings of scheelite"> tailings of scheelite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribology" title=" tribology"> tribology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106011/tribological-characterization-of-composites-based-on-epoxy-resin-filled-with-tailings-of-scheelite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Comparison of Several Peat Qualities as Amendment to Improve Afforestation of Mine Wastes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie%20Guittonny-Larchev%C3%AAQue">Marie Guittonny-LarchevêQue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In boreal Canada, industrial activities such as forestry, peat extraction and metal mines often occur nearby. At closure, mine waste storage facilities have to be reclaimed. On tailings storage facilities, tree plantations can achieve rapid restoration of forested landscapes. However, trees poorly grow in mine tailings and organic amendments like peat are required to improve tailings’ structure and nutrients. Canada is a well-known producer of horticultural quality peat, but some lower quality peats coming from areas adjacent to the reclaimed mines could allow successful revegetation. In particular, hemic peat coming from the bottom of peat-bogs is more decomposed than fibric peat and is less valued for horticulture. Moreover, forest peat is sometimes excavated and piled by the forest industry after cuttings to stimulate tree regeneration on the exposed mineral soil. The objective of this project was to compare the ability of peats of differing quality and origin to improve tailings structure, nutrients and tree development. A greenhouse experiment was conducted along one growing season in 2016 with a complete randomized block design combining 8 repetitions (blocks) x 2 tree species (Populus tremuloides and Pinus banksiana) x 6 substrates (tailings, commercial horticultural peat, and mixtures of tailings with commercial peat, forest peat, local fibric peat, or local hemic peat) x 2 fertilization levels (with or without mineral fertilization). The used tailings came from a gold mine and were low in sulfur and trace metals. The commercial peat had a slightly acidic pH (around 6) while other peats had a clearly acidic pH (around 3). However, mixing peat with slightly alkaline tailings resulted in a pH close to 7 whatever the tested peats. The macroporosity of mixtures was intermediate between the low values of tailings (4%) and the high values of commercial peat alone (34%). Seedling survival was lower on tailings for poplar compared to all other treatments, with or without fertilization. Survival and growth were similar among all treatments for pine. Fertilization had no impact on the maximal height and diameter of poplar seedlings but changed the relative performance of the substrates. When not fertilized, poplar seedlings grown in commercial peat were the highest and largest, and the smallest and slenderest in tailings, with intermediate values in mixtures. When fertilized, poplar seedlings grown in commercial peat were smaller and slender compared to all other substrates. However for this species, foliar, shoot, and root biomass production was the greatest in commercial peat and the lowest in tailings compared to all mixtures, whether fertilized or not. The mixture with local fibric peat provided the seedlings with the lowest foliar N concentrations compared to all other substrates whatever the species or the fertilization treatment. At the short-term, the performance of all the tested peats were close when mixed to tailings, showing that peats of lower quality could be valorized instead of using horticultural peat. These results demonstrate that intersectorial synergies in accordance with the principles of circular economy may be developed in boreal Canada between local industries around the reclamation of mine waste dumps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boreal%20trees" title="boreal trees">boreal trees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20spoil" title=" mine spoil"> mine spoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20revegetation" title=" mine revegetation"> mine revegetation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersectorial%20synergies" title=" intersectorial synergies"> intersectorial synergies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61972/comparison-of-several-peat-qualities-as-amendment-to-improve-afforestation-of-mine-wastes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Phytoremediation of artisanal gold mine tailings - Potential of Chrysopogon zizanioides and Andropogon gayanus in the Sahelian climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yamma%20Rose">Yamma Rose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kone%20Martine"> Kone Martine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yonli%20Ars%C3%A8ne"> Yonli Arsène</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanko%20Ngnien%20Adrien"> Wanko Ngnien Adrien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil pollution and, consequently, water resources by micropollutants from gold mine tailings constitute a major threat in developing countries due to the lack of waste treatment. Phytoremediation is an alternative for extracting or trapping micropollutants from contaminated soils by mining residues. The potentialities of Chrysopogon zizanioides (acclimated plant) and Andropogon gayanus (native plant) to accumulate arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were studied in artisanal gold mine in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The phytoremediation effectiveness of two plant species was studied in 75 pots of 30 liters each, containing mining residues from the artisanal gold processing site in the rural commune of Nimbrogo. The experiments cover three modalities: Tn - planted unpolluted soils; To – unplanted mine tailings and Tp – planted mine tailings arranged in a randomized manner. The pots were amended quarterly with compost to provide nutrients to the plants. The phytoremediation assessment consists of comparing the growth, biomass and capacity of these two herbaceous plants to extract or to trap Hg, Fe, Zn and As in mining residues in a controlled environment. The analysis of plant species parameters cultivated in mine tailings shows indices of relative growth of A. gayanus very significantly high (34.38%) compared to 20.37% for C.zizanioides. While biomass analysis reveals that C. zizanioides has greater foliage and root system growth than A. gayanus. The results after a culture time of 6 months showed that C. zizanioides and A. gayanus have the potential to accumulate Hg, Fe, Zn and As. Root biomass has a more significant accumulation than aboveground biomass for both herbaceous species. Although the BCF bioaccumulation factor values for both plants together are low (<1), the removal efficiency of Hg, Fe, Zn and As is 45.13%, 42.26%, 21.5% and 2.87% respectively in 24 weeks of culture with C. zizanioides. However, pots grown with A. gayanus gives an effectiveness rate of 43.55%; 41.52%; 2.87% and 1.35% respectively for Fe, Zn, Hg and As. The results indicate that the plant species studied have a strong phytoremediation potential, although that of A. gayanus is relatively less than C. zizanioides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artisanal%20gold%20mine%20tailings" title="artisanal gold mine tailings">artisanal gold mine tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=andropogon%20gayanus" title=" andropogon gayanus"> andropogon gayanus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chrysopogon%20zizanioides" title=" chrysopogon zizanioides"> chrysopogon zizanioides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title=" phytoremediation"> phytoremediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179395/phytoremediation-of-artisanal-gold-mine-tailings-potential-of-chrysopogon-zizanioides-and-andropogon-gayanus-in-the-sahelian-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Water Management of Erdenet Mining Company</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20H.%20Oyuntungalag">K. H. Oyuntungalag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scott%20Kenner"> Scott Kenner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Erdenetuya"> O. Erdenetuya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The life cycle phases of mining projects are described in this guidance document, and includes initial phases (exploration, feasibility and planning), mine development (construction and operations), closure and reclamation. Initial phases relate to field programs and desktop studies intended to build the data and knowledge base, including the design of water management infrastructure and development during these initial phases. Such a model is essential to demonstrate that the water management plan (WMP) will provide adequate water for the mine operations and sufficient capacity for anticipated flows and volumes, and minimize environmental impacts on the receiving environment. The water and mass balance model must cover the whole mine life cycle, from the start of mine development to a date sufficiently far in the future where the reclaimed landscape is considered self- sustaining following complete closure of the mine (i.e., post- closure). The model simulates the movement of water within the components of the water management infrastructure and project operating areas, and calculates chemical loadings to each mine component. At Erdenet Mining company an initial water balance model reflecting the tailings dam, groundwater seepage and mine process water was developed in collaboration with Dr. Scott Kenner (visiting Fulbright scholar). From this preliminary study the following recommendations were made: 1. Develop a detailed groundwater model to simulate seepage from the tailings dam, 2. Establish an evaporation pan for improving evapotranspiration estimates, and 3. Measure changes in storage of water within the tailings dam and other water storage components within the mine processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evapotranspiration" title="evapotranspiration ">evapotranspiration </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20program" title=" monitoring program"> monitoring program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdenet%20mining" title=" Erdenet mining"> Erdenet mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings%20dam" title=" tailings dam"> tailings dam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20522/water-management-of-erdenet-mining-company" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Feasibility Study of Mine Tailing’s Treatment by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans DSM 26636 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G%C3%B3mez-Ram%C3%ADrez">M. Gómez-Ramírez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rivas-Castillo"> A. Rivas-Castillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Rodr%C3%ADguez-Pozos"> I. Rodríguez-Pozos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Avalos-Zu%C3%B1iga"> R. A. Avalos-Zuñiga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20G.%20Rojas-Avelizapa"> N. G. Rojas-Avelizapa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the diverse types of pollutants produced by anthropogenic activities, metals represent a serious threat, due to their accumulation in ecosystems and their elevated toxicity. The mine tailings of abandoned mines contain high levels of metals such as arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb), which do not suffer any degradation process, they are accumulated in environment. Abandoned mine tailings potentially could contaminate rivers and aquifers representing a risk for human health due to their high metal content. In an attempt to remove the metals and thereby mitigate the environmental pollution, an environmentally friendly and economical method of bioremediation has been introduced. Bioleaching has been actively studied over the last several years, and it is one of the bioremediation solutions used to treat heavy metals contained in sewage sludge, sediment and contaminated soil. <em>Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans</em>, an extremely acidophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, gram-negative, rod shaped microorganism, which is typically related to Cu mining operations (bioleaching), has been well studied for industrial applications. The sulfuric acid produced plays a major role in bioleaching. Specifically, <em>Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans</em> strain DSM 26636 has been able to leach Al, Ni, V, Fe, Mg, Si, and Ni contained in slags from coal combustion wastes. The present study reports the ability of <em>A. thiooxidans</em> DSM 26636 for the bioleaching of metals contained in two different mine tailing samples (MT1 and MT2). It was observed that Al, Fe, and Mn were removed in 36.3±1.7, 191.2±1.6, and 4.5±0.2 mg/kg for MT1, and in 74.5±0.3, 208.3±0.5, and 20.9±0.1 for MT2. Besides, < 1.5 mg/kg of Au and Ru were also bioleached from MT1; in MT2, bioleaching of Zn was observed at 55.7±1.3 mg/kg, besides removal of < 1.5 mg/kg was observed for As, Ir, Li, and 0.6 for Os in this residue. These results show the potential of strain DSM 26636 for the bioleaching of metals that came from different mine tailings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20thiooxidans" title="A. thiooxidans">A. thiooxidans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioleaching" title=" bioleaching"> bioleaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals" title=" metals"> metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20tailings" title=" mine tailings"> mine tailings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100231/feasibility-study-of-mine-tailings-treatment-by-acidithiobacillus-thiooxidans-dsm-26636" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Flotation of Rare Earth Oxides from Iron-Oxide Silicate Rich Tailings Using Fatty Acids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20B.%20Abaka-Wood">George B. Abaka-Wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Massimiliano%20%20Zanin"> Massimiliano Zanin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonas%20Addai-Mensah"> Jonas Addai-Mensah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Skinner"> William Skinner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The versatility of froth flotation has made it vital in the beneficiation of rare earth elements minerals from either high or low-grade ores. There has been a significant increase in the quantity of iron oxide silicate-rich tailings generated from the extraction of primary commodities such as copper and gold in Australia, which have been identified to contain very low-grade rare earth oxides (≤ 1%). There is a vast knowledge gap in the beneficiation of rare earth oxides from such tailings. The aim of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using fatty acids as collectors for the flotation recovery and upgrade of rare earth oxides from selected iron-oxide silicate-rich tailings. Two forms of fatty acid collectors (oleic acid and sodium oleate) were tested in this investigation. Flotation tests were carried out using a 1.2 L Denver D-12 cell. The effects of pulp pH, fatty acid dosage, particle size distribution (-150 +75 µm, -75 +38 µm and -38 µm) and conventional depressants (sodium silicate and starch) dosage on flotation recovery of rare earth oxides were investigated. A comparison of the flotation results indicated that sodium oleate was the more efficient fatty acid for rare earth oxides flotation at all the pulp pH investigated. The flotation performance was found to be particle size-dependent. Both sodium silicate and starch were unselective in decreasing the recovery of iron oxides and silicate minerals, respectively with the corresponding decrease in rare earth oxides recovery. Generally, iron oxides and silicate minerals formed the substantial fraction of the flotation concentrates obtained, both in the absence and presence of depressants, resulting in a generally low rare earth oxides upgrade, even though rare earth oxides recoveries were high. The flotation tests carried out on the tailings sample suggest the feasibility of rare earth oxides recovery using fatty acids, although particle size distribution and minerals liberation are key limiting factors in achieving selective rare earth oxides upgrade. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depressants" title="depressants">depressants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flotation" title=" flotation"> flotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oleic%20acid" title=" oleic acid"> oleic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20oleate" title=" sodium oleate"> sodium oleate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97243/flotation-of-rare-earth-oxides-from-iron-oxide-silicate-rich-tailings-using-fatty-acids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Liquefaction Susceptibility of Tailing Storage Facility-Comparison of National Centre for Earthquake Engineering Research and Finite Element Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Ghatei">Mehdi Ghatei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoomeh%20Lorestani"> Masoomeh Lorestani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Upstream Tailings Storage Facilities (TSFs) may experience slope instabilities due to soil liquefaction, especially in regions known to be seismically active. In this study, liquefaction susceptibility of an upstream-raised TSF in Western Australia was assessed using two different approaches. The first approach assessed liquefaction susceptibility using Cone Penetration Tests with pore pressure measurement (CPTu) as described by the National Centre for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER). This assessment was based on the four CPTu tests that were conducted on the perimeter embankment of the TSF. The second approach used the Finite Element (FE) method with application of an equivalent linear model to predict the undrained cyclic behavior, the pore water pressure and the liquefaction of the materials. The tailings parameters were estimated from the CPTu profiles and from the laboratory tests. The cyclic parameters were estimated from the literature where test results of similar material were available. The results showed that there was a good agreement, in the liquefaction susceptibility of the tailings material, between the NCEER and FE methods with equivalent linear model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title="liquefaction ">liquefaction </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPTU" title=" CPTU"> CPTU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NCEER" title=" NCEER"> NCEER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20linear%20model" title=" equivalent linear model"> equivalent linear model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92516/liquefaction-susceptibility-of-tailing-storage-facility-comparison-of-national-centre-for-earthquake-engineering-research-and-finite-element-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Evaluation of PTFE Composites with Mineral Tailing Considering Friction, Wear and Cost</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ant%C3%B4nio%20P.%20de%20Ara%C3%BAjo%20Neto">Antônio P. de Araújo Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruy%20D.%20A.%20da%20Silva%20Neto"> Ruy D. A. da Silva Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20R.%20de%20Souza"> Juliana R. de Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salete%20K.%20P.%20de%20Medeiros"> Salete K. P. de Medeiros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20T.%20N.%20de%20Medeiros"> João T. N. de Medeiros</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tribological test with Pin-On-Disc configuration measures friction and wear properties in dry or lubricated sliding surfaces of a variety of materials and coatings. Polymeric matrix composites loaded with mineral filler were used, 1%, 3%, 10%, 30%, and 50% mass percentage of filler, to reduce the material cost by using mineral tailings. Using a pin-on-disc tribometer to quantify coefficient of friction and wear resistance of the specimens. The parameters known to performing the test were 300 rpm rotation, normal load of 16N and duration of 33.5 minutes. The composite with 10% mineral filler performed better, considering that the wear resistance was good when compared to the other compositions and an average low coefficient of friction, in the order of μ ≤ 0.15. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcomposites" title="microcomposites">microcomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microparticles%20tailings%20of%20scheelite" title=" microparticles tailings of scheelite"> microparticles tailings of scheelite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTFE" title=" PTFE"> PTFE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribology" title=" tribology"> tribology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43127/evaluation-of-ptfe-composites-with-mineral-tailing-considering-friction-wear-and-cost" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Human Health Risk Assessment of Mercury-Contaminated Soils in Alebediah Mining Community, Sudan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Elwaleed">Ahmed Elwaleed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huiho%20Jeong"> Huiho Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20H.%20Abdelbagi"> Ali H. Abdelbagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Thi%20Quynh"> Nguyen Thi Quynh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koji%20Arizono"> Koji Arizono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuhiro%20Ishibashi"> Yasuhiro Ishibashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) poses substantial risks to both human health and the environment, particularly through contamination of soil, water, and air. Prolonged exposure to ASGM-contaminated soils can lead to acute or chronic mercury toxicity. This study assesses the human health risks associated with mercury-contaminated soils and tailings in the Alebediah mining community in Sudan. Soil samples were collected from various locations within Alebediah, including ASGM areas, farmlands, and residential areas, along with tailings samples commonly found within ASGM sites. The evaluation of potential health risks to humans included the computation of the estimated daily intake (AvDI), the hazard quotient (HQ), and the hazard index (HI) for both adults and children. The primary exposure route identified as potentially posing a significant health risk was the volatilization of mercury from tailings samples, where mercury concentrations reached up to 25.5 mg/kg. In contrast, other samples within the ASGM area showed elevated mercury levels but did not present significant health risks, with HI values below 1. However, all areas indicated HI values above 1 for the remaining exposure routes. The study observed a decrease in mercury concentration with increasing distance from the ASGM community. Additionally, soil samples revealed elevated mercury levels exceeding background values, prompting an assessment of contamination levels using the enrichment factor (EF). The findings indicated that farmlands and residential areas exhibited depleted EF, while areas surrounding the ASGM community showed none to moderate pollution. In contrast, ASGM areas exhibited significant to extreme pollution. A GIS map was generated to visually depict the extent of mercury pollution, facilitating communication with stakeholders and decision-makers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20pollution" title="mercury pollution">mercury pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artisanal%20and%20small-scale%20gold%20mining" title=" artisanal and small-scale gold mining"> artisanal and small-scale gold mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk%20assessment" title=" health risk assessment"> health risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20index" title=" hazard index"> hazard index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20and%20tailings" title=" soil and tailings"> soil and tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enrichment%20factor" title=" enrichment factor"> enrichment factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173742/human-health-risk-assessment-of-mercury-contaminated-soils-in-alebediah-mining-community-sudan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Recovering Copper From Tailing and E-Waste to Create Copper Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erico%20R.%20Carmona">Erico R. Carmona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucas%20Hernandez-Saravia"> Lucas Hernandez-Saravia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliro%20Villacorta"> Aliro Villacorta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felipe%20Carevic"> Felipe Carevic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tailings and electronic waste (e-waste) are an important source of global contamination. Chile is one of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries that least recycled this kind of industrial waste, reaching only 3% of the total. Tailings and e-waste recycling offers a valuable tool to minimize the increasing accumulation of waste, supplement the scarcity of some raw materials and to obtain economic benefits through the commercialization of these. It should be noted that this type of industrial waste is an important source of valuable metals, such as copper, which allow generating new business and added value through its transformation into new materials with advanced physical and biological properties. In this sense, the development of nanotechnology has led to the creation of nanomaterials with multiple applications given their unique physicochemical properties. Among others, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have gained great interest due to their optical, catalytic, conductive properties, and particularly because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. There are different synthesis methods of copper nanoparticles; however, green synthesis is one of the most promising methodologies, since it is simple, low-cost, ecological, and generates stable nanoparticles, which makes it a promising methodology for scaling up. Currently, there are few initiatives that involve the development of methods for the recovery and transformation of copper from waste to produce nanoparticles with new properties and better technological benefits. Thus, the objective of this work is to show preliminary data about the develop a sustainable transformation process of tailings and e-waste that allows obtaining a copper-based nanotechnological product with potential antimicrobial applications. For this, samples of tailings and e-waste collected from Tarapacá and Antofagasta region of northern Chile were used to recover copper through efficient, ecological, and low-cost alkaline hydrometallurgical treatments, which to allow obtaining copper with a high degree of purity. On the other hand, the transformation process from recycled copper to a nanomaterial was carried out through a green synthesis approach by using vegetal organic residue extracts that allows obtaining CuNPs following methodologies previously reported by authors. Initial physical characterization with UV-Vis, FTIR, AFM, and TEM methodologies will be reported for CuNPs synthesized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomaterials" title="nanomaterials">nanomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20waste" title=" industrial waste"> industrial waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chile" title=" chile"> chile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152774/recovering-copper-from-tailing-and-e-waste-to-create-copper-nanoparticles-with-antimicrobial-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Development of Mineral Carbonation Process from Ultramafic Tailings, Enhancing the Reactivity of Feedstocks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Gardideh">Sara Gardideh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansoor%20Barati"> Mansoor Barati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mineral carbonation approach for reducing global warming has garnered interest on a worldwide scale. Due to the benefits of permanent storage and abundant mineral resources, mineral carbonation (MC) is one of the most effective strategies for sequestering CO₂. The combination of mineral processing for primary metal recovery and mineral carbonation for carbon sequestration is an emerging field of study with the potential to minimize capital costs. A detailed study of low-pressures–solid carbonation of ultramafic tailings in a dry environment has been accomplished. In order to track the changing structure of serpentine minerals and their reactivity as a function of temperature (300-900 ᵒC), CO₂ partial pressure (25-90 mol %), and thermal preconditioning, thermogravimetry has been utilized. The incongruent CO₂ van der Waals molecular diameters with the octahedral-tetrahedral lattice constants of serpentine were used to explain the mild carbonation reactivity. Serpentine requires additional thermal-treatment to remove hydroxyl groups, resulting in the chemical transformation to pseudo-forsterite, which is a mineral composed of isolated SiO₄ tetrahedra linked by octahedrally coordinated magnesium ions. The heating treatment above 850 ᵒC is adequate to remove chemically bound water from the lattice. Particles with a diameter < 34 (μm) are desirable, and thermally treated serpentine at 850 ᵒC for 2.30 hours reached 65% CO₂ storage capacity. The decrease in particle size, increase in temperature, and magnetic separation can dramatically enhance carbonation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size" title="particle size">particle size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermogravimetry" title=" thermogravimetry"> thermogravimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal-treatment" title=" thermal-treatment"> thermal-treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serpentine" title=" serpentine"> serpentine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162718/development-of-mineral-carbonation-process-from-ultramafic-tailings-enhancing-the-reactivity-of-feedstocks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Mitigation Measures for the Acid Mine Drainage Emanating from the Sabie Goldfield: Case Study of the Nestor Mine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudzani%20Lusunzi">Rudzani Lusunzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frans%20Waanders"> Frans Waanders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvis%20Fosso-Kankeu"> Elvis Fosso-Kankeu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Khashane%20Netshitungulwana"> Robert Khashane Netshitungulwana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Sabie Goldfield has a history of gold mining dating back more than a century. Acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Nestor mine tailings storage facility (MTSF) poses a serious threat to the nearby ecosystem, specifically the Sabie River system. This study aims at developing mitigation measures for the AMD emanating from the Nestor MTSF using materials from the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF. The Nestor MTSF (NM) and the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF (GM) each provided about 20 kg of bulk composite samples. Using samples from the Nestor MTSF and the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF, two mixtures were created. MIX-A is a mixture that contains 25% weight percent (GM) and 75% weight percent (NM). MIX-B is the name given to the second mixture, which contains 50% AN and 50% AG. The same static test, i.e., acid–base accounting (ABA), net acid generation (NAG), and acid buffering characteristics curve (ABCC) was used to estimate the acid-generating probabilities of samples NM and GM for MIX-A and MIX-B. Furthermore, the mineralogy of the Nestor MTSF samples consists of the primary acid-producing mineral pyrite as well as the secondary minerals ferricopiapite and jarosite, which are common in acidic conditions. The Glynns Lydenburg MTSF samples, on the other hand, contain primary acid-neutralizing minerals calcite and dolomite. Based on the assessment conducted, materials from the Glynns Lydenburg are capable of neutralizing AMD from Nestor MTSF. Therefore, the alkaline tailings materials from the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF can be used to rehabilitate the acidic Nestor MTSF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nestor%20Mine" title="Nestor Mine">Nestor Mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20mine%20drainage" title=" acid mine drainage"> acid mine drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabie%20River%20system" title=" Sabie River system"> Sabie River system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165950/mitigation-measures-for-the-acid-mine-drainage-emanating-from-the-sabie-goldfield-case-study-of-the-nestor-mine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Effect of Several Soil Amendments on Water Quality in Mine Soils: Leaching Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmela%20Monterroso">Carmela Monterroso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marc%20Romero-Estonllo"> Marc Romero-Estonllo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Pascual"> Carlos Pascual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beatriz%20Rodr%C3%ADguez-Garrido"> Beatriz Rodríguez-Garrido</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mobilization of heavy metals from polluted soils causes their transfer to natural waters, with consequences for ecosystems and human health. Phytostabilization techniques are applied to reduce this mobility, through the establishment of a vegetal cover and the application of soil amendments. In this work, the capacity of different organic amendments to improve water quality and reduce the mobility of metals in mine-tailings was evaluated. A field pilot test was carried out with leaching columns installed on an old Cu mine ore (NW of Spain) which forms part of the PhytoSUDOE network of phytomanaged contaminated field sites (PhytoSUDOE/ Phy2SUDOE Projects (SOE1/P5/E0189 and SOE4/P5/E1021)). Ten columns (1 meter high by 25 cm in diameter) were packed with untreated mine tailings (control) or those treated with organic amendments. Applied amendments were based on different combinations of municipal wastes, bark chippings, biomass fly ash, and nanoparticles like aluminum oxides or ferrihydrite-type iron oxides. During the packing of the columns, rhizon-samplers were installed at different heights (10, 20, and 50 cm) from the top, and pore water samples were obtained by suction. Additionally, in each column, a bottom leachate sample was collected through a valve installed at the bottom of the column. After packing, the columns were sown with grasses. Water samples were analyzed for: pH and redox potential, using combined electrodes; salinity by conductivity meter: bicarbonate by titration, sulfate, nitrate, and chloride, by ion chromatography (Dionex 2000); phosphate by colorimetry with ammonium molybdate/ascorbic acid; Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb by flame atomic absorption/emission spectrometry (Perkin Elmer). Porewater and leachate from the control columns (packed with unamended mine tailings) were extremely acidic and had a high concentration of Al, Fe, and Cu. In these columns, no plant development was observed. The application of organic amendments improved soil conditions, which allowed the establishment of a dense cover of grasses in the rest of the columns. The combined effect of soil amendment and plant growth had a positive impact on water quality and reduced mobility of aluminum and heavy metals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching" title="leaching">leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20amendments" title=" organic amendments"> organic amendments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytostabilization" title=" phytostabilization"> phytostabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polluted%20soils" title=" polluted soils"> polluted soils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156736/effect-of-several-soil-amendments-on-water-quality-in-mine-soils-leaching-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Feasibility of Washing/Extraction Treatment for the Remediation of Deep-Sea Mining Trailings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoungrean%20Kim">Kyoungrean Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Importance of deep-sea mineral resources is dramatically increasing due to the depletion of land mineral resources corresponding to increasing human’s economic activities. Korea has acquired exclusive exploration licenses at four areas which are the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in the Pacific Ocean (2002), Tonga (2008), Fiji (2011) and Indian Ocean (2014). The preparation for commercial mining of Nautilus minerals (Canada) and Lockheed martin minerals (USA) is expected by 2020. The London Protocol 1996 (LP) under International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Seabed Authority (ISA) will set environmental guidelines for deep-sea mining until 2020, to protect marine environment. In this research, the applicability of washing/extraction treatment for the remediation of deep-sea mining tailings was mainly evaluated in order to present preliminary data to develop practical remediation technology in near future. Polymetallic nodule samples were collected at the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in the Pacific Ocean, then stored at room temperature. Samples were pulverized by using jaw crusher and ball mill then, classified into 3 particle sizes (> 63 µm, 63-20 µm, < 20 µm) by using vibratory sieve shakers (Analysette 3 Pro, Fritsch, Germany) with 63 µm and 20 µm sieve. Only the particle size 63-20 µm was used as the samples for investigation considering the lower limit of ore dressing process which is tens to 100 µm. Rhamnolipid and sodium alginate as biosurfactant and aluminum sulfate which are mainly used as flocculant were used as environmentally friendly additives. Samples were adjusted to 2% liquid with deionized water then mixed with various concentrations of additives. The mixture was stirred with a magnetic bar during specific reaction times and then the liquid phase was separated by a centrifugal separator (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) under 4,000 rpm for 1 h. The separated liquid was filtered with a syringe and acrylic-based filter (0.45 µm). The extracted heavy metals in the filtered liquid were then determined using a UV-Vis spectrometer (DR-5000, Hach, USA) and a heat block (DBR 200, Hach, USA) followed by US EPA methods (8506, 8009, 10217 and 10220). Polymetallic nodule was mainly composed of manganese (27%), iron (8%), nickel (1.4%), cupper (1.3 %), cobalt (1.3%) and molybdenum (0.04%). Based on remediation standards of various countries, Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) were selected as primary target materials. Throughout this research, the use of rhamnolipid was shown to be an effective approach for removing heavy metals in samples originated from manganese nodules. Sodium alginate might also be one of the effective additives for the remediation of deep-sea mining tailings such as polymetallic nodules. Compare to the use of rhamnolipid and sodium alginate, aluminum sulfate was more effective additive at short reaction time within 4 h. Based on these results, sequencing particle separation, selective extraction/washing, advanced filtration of liquid phase, water treatment without dewatering and solidification/stabilization may be considered as candidate technologies for the remediation of deep-sea mining tailings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep-sea%20mining%20tailings" title="deep-sea mining tailings">deep-sea mining tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remediation" title=" remediation"> remediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additives" title=" additives"> additives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119571/feasibility-of-washingextraction-treatment-for-the-remediation-of-deep-sea-mining-trailings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Passive Attenuation of Nitrogen Species at Northern Mine Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Mueller">Patrick Mueller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Martin"> Alan Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justin%20Stockwell"> Justin Stockwell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Goldblatt"> Robert Goldblatt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Elevated concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (N) compounds (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia) are a ubiquitous feature to mine-influenced drainages due to the leaching of blasting residues and use of cyanide in the milling of gold ores. For many mines, the management of N is a focus for environmental protection, therefore understanding the factors controlling the speciation and behavior of N is central to effective decision making. In this paper, the passive attenuation of ammonia and nitrite is described for three northern water bodies (two lakes and a tailings pond) influenced by mining activities. In two of the water bodies, inorganic N compounds originate from explosives residues in mine water and waste rock. The third water body is a decommissioned tailings impoundment, with N compounds largely originating from the breakdown of cyanide compounds used in the processing of gold ores. Empirical observations from water quality monitoring indicate nitrification (the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate) occurs in all three waterbodies, where enrichment of nitrate occurs commensurately with ammonia depletion. The N species conversions in these systems occurred more rapidly than chemical oxidation kinetics permit, indicating that microbial mediated conversion was occurring, despite the cool water temperatures. While nitrification of ammonia and nitrite to nitrate was the primary process, in all three waterbodies nitrite was consistently present at approximately 0.5 to 2.0 % of total N, even following ammonia depletion. The persistence of trace amounts of nitrite under these conditions suggests the co-occurrence denitrification processes in the water column and/or underlying substrates. The implications for N management in mine waters are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explosives" title="explosives">explosives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining"> mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrification" title=" nitrification"> nitrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60968/passive-attenuation-of-nitrogen-species-at-northern-mine-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Hydrochemical Contamination Profiling and Spatial-Temporal Mapping with the Support of Multivariate and Cluster Statistical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Barbosa">Sofia Barbosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20Pinto"> Mariana Pinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Ant%C3%B3nio%20Almeida"> José António Almeida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edgar%20Carvalho"> Edgar Carvalho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catarina%20Diamantino"> Catarina Diamantino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this work was to test a methodology able to generate spatial-temporal maps that can synthesize simultaneously the trends of distinct hydrochemical indicators in an old radium-uranium tailings dam deposit. Multidimensionality reduction derived from principal component analysis and subsequent data aggregation derived from clustering analysis allow to identify distinct hydrochemical behavioural profiles and to generate synthetic evolutionary hydrochemical maps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Contamination%20plume%20migration" title="Contamination plume migration">Contamination plume migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K-means%20of%20PCA%20scores" title=" K-means of PCA scores"> K-means of PCA scores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20and%20mine%20water%20monitoring" title=" groundwater and mine water monitoring"> groundwater and mine water monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial-temporal%20hydrochemical%20trends" title=" spatial-temporal hydrochemical trends"> spatial-temporal hydrochemical trends</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139590/hydrochemical-contamination-profiling-and-spatial-temporal-mapping-with-the-support-of-multivariate-and-cluster-statistical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Phosphate Tailings in View of a Better Waste Disposal And/or Valorization: Case of Tunisian Phosphates Mines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouna%20Ettoumi">Mouna Ettoumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jouini%20Marouen"> Jouini Marouen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmen%20Mihaela%20Neculita"> Carmen Mihaela Neculita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Bouhlel"> Salah Bouhlel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucie%20Coudert"> Lucie Coudert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Benzaazoua"> Mostafa Benzaazoua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Taha"> Y. Taha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of sustainable development and circular economy, waste valorization is considered a promising alternative to overcome issues related to their disposal or elimination. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential use of phosphate sludges (tailings) from the Kef Shfeir mine site (Gafsa, Tunisia) as an alternative material in the production of fired bricks. To do so, representative samples of raw phosphate treatment sludges were collected and characterized for their physical, chemical, mineralogical and environmental characteristics. Then, the raw materials were baked at different temperatures (900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C) for bricks making. Afterward, fired bricks were characterized for their physical (particle size distribution, density, and plasticity), chemical (XRF and digestion), mineralogical (XRD) and mechanical (flexural strength) properties as well as for their environmental behavior (TCLP, SPLP, and CTEU-9) to ensure whether they meet the required construction standards. Results showed that the raw materials had low density (2.47g/cm 3), were non-plastic and were mainly composed of fluoroapatite (15.6%), calcite (23.1%) and clays (22.2% - mainly as heulandite, vermiculite and palygorskite). With respect to the environmental behavior, all metals (e.g., Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Ba, Cd) complied with the requirements set by the USEPA. In addition, fired bricks had varying porosity (9-13%), firing shrinking (5.2-7.5%), water absorption (12.5-17.2%) and flexural strength (3.86-13.4 MPa). Noteworthy, an improvement in the properties (porosity, firing shrinking, water absorption, and flexural strength) of manufactured fired bricks was observed with the increase of firing temperature from 900 to 1100°C. All the measured properties complied with the construction norms and requirements. Moreover, regardless of the firing temperature, the environmental behavior of metals obeyed the requirements of the USEPA standards. Finally, fired bricks could be produced at high temperatures (1000°C) based on 100% of phosphate sludge without any substitution or addition of either chemical agents or binders. This sustainable brick-making process could be a promising approach for the Phosphate Company to partially manage these wastes, which are considered “non-profitable” for the moment and preserve soils that are exploited presently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate%20treatment%20sludge" title="phosphate treatment sludge">phosphate treatment sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20waste" title=" mine waste"> mine waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backed%20bricks" title=" backed bricks"> backed bricks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20valorization" title=" waste valorization"> waste valorization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141982/phosphate-tailings-in-view-of-a-better-waste-disposal-andor-valorization-case-of-tunisian-phosphates-mines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Innovations in the Lithium Chain Value</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fi%C3%BAza%20A.">Fiúza A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B3is%20J.%20Leite%20M."> Góis J. Leite M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Braga%20H."> Braga H.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lima%20A."> Lima A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20P."> Jorge P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moutela%20P."> Moutela P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martins%20L."> Martins L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Futuro%20A."> Futuro A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lepidolite is an important lithium mineral that, to the author’s best knowledge, has not been used to produce lithium hydroxide, necessary for energy conversion to electric vehicles. Alkaline leaching of lithium concentrates allows the establishment of a production diagram avoiding most of the environmental drawbacks that are associated with the usage of acid reagents. The tested processes involve a pretreatment by digestion at high temperatures with additives, followed by leaching at hot atmospheric pressure. The solutions obtained must be compatible with solutions from the leaching of spodumene concentrates, allowing the development of a common treatment diagram, an important accomplishment for the feasible exploitation of Portuguese resources. Statistical programming and interpretation techniques are used to minimize the laboratory effort required by conventional approaches and also allow phenomenological comprehension. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings%20free%20process" title=" tailings free process"> tailings free process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferroelectric%20electrolyte%20battery" title=" ferroelectric electrolyte battery"> ferroelectric electrolyte battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158715/innovations-in-the-lithium-chain-value" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings%20dam&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings%20dam&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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