Who ordered that? An unexpected new particle shakes the Standard Model

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An unexpected new particle shakes the Standard Model</h1> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/author/brian-dodson/" rel="author">Brian Dodson</a></p> <p><em>September 19, 2012</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <div class="has_comments"><a href="standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle#comments">2 Comments</a></div> <div class="has_pictures"><a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle/23897/pictures">2 Pictures</a></div> </div> </div> <div id="article_share_rail"> <div class="as_button"><div class="fb-like" data-href="http://www.gizmag.com/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle/23897/" data-send="false" data-layout="box_count" data-show-faces="false"></div><script type="text/javascript">_ga.trackFacebook();</script></div> <div class="as_button"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252/http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-count="vertical" data-via="gizmag">Tweet</a></div> <div class="as_button"><div class="g-plusone" data-size="tall" data-href="http://www.gizmag.com/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle/23897/"></div></div> <div class="as_button"><iframe style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252if_/http://badge.stumbleupon.com/badge/embed/5/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizmag.com%2Fstandard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle%2F23897%2F" width="50" height="60" id="iframe-stmblpn-widget-1"></iframe></div> <div class="as_button"><div class="pin-it-button" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252oe_/http://www.gizmag.com/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle/23897/" data-image="http://images.gizmag.com/hero/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle-2.jpg" data-description="Discovery of an elementary particle not predicted by the Standard Model of Particle Physics has been reported and confirmed."></div></div> <div class="as_button"><script type="IN/Share" data-counter="top"></script></div> <div class="as_button" id="reddit_button_rail"><script type="text/javascript">reddit_newwindow='1'</script></div> </div> <div id="hero_box" style="width: 530px;"> <a id="hero_link" href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle/23897/pictures"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle-2.jpg" title="High-energy particle collision similar to those which may be giving us a glimpse of a new ..." width="530" height="298" alt="High-energy particle collision similar to those which may be giving us a glimpse of a new ..."/></a> <div class="pic_caption"> <p>High-energy particle collision similar to those which may be giving us a glimpse of a new light boson outside the Standard Model (Image: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252/http://www.shutterstock.com/pic.mhtml?id=29507920" target="_blank">Shutterstock</a>)</p> <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle/23897/pictures" id="gallery_link">Image Gallery</a> (2 images) </div> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div class="article_body"> <div id="top_unit"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252js_/http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"></script> <p>In the mid-1930s, physicists thought they knew all the subatomic particles of nature – the proton, neutron, and electron of the atom. However, in 1936 the muon was discovered – a new particle having such surprising properties that Nobel laureate I.I. Rabi quipped, "who ordered that?" when informed of the discovery. Evidence that a new light boson may exist has recently been published. Such a boson is not part of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. If its existence is confirmed, physicists will confront another "who ordered that?" moment.</p> <p>The unexpected new light boson, named the E(38) boson for now, is awaiting additional independent verification at present. If so verified, it was discovered at the Nuclotron superconducting particle accelerator at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, near Moscow. The E(38) appears to have a mass of about 2.5 percent of a proton (38 MeV vs 938 MeV) – lighter than any elementary particle other than neutrinos or electron/positrons. This energy range has been investigated in countless experiments over at least six decades, with few if any previous hints of the existence of a light particle.</p> <p>The suggestion has been made that the E(38) may not couple electromagnetically. If the E(38) were a stable particle it would be a prime candidate for making up part or all of the cosmological dark matter. However, the E(38) boson is unstable, with a extremely short half-life, so the identity of dark matter is still one of nature's well-kept secrets.</p> <div style="width: 491px; height: 528px; margin-bottom: 1px;" class="article_img"><a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle/23897/pictures#1" target="_blank"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252im_/http://images.gizmag.com/inline/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle-0.png" width="491" alt="Schematic presentation of the fundamental particles of the Standard Model of Particle Phys..."/></a></div><div class="inline_caption" style="width: 491px; padding: 0;"><p>Schematic presentation of the fundamental particles of the Standard Model of Particle Physics, lacking only the recently discovered Higgs boson (Image: MissMJ)</p></div><div class="clear_both"></div> <p>There are an enormous number of particles predicted by the SM – so far with considerable accuracy. There are also a host of composite particles containing two or three quarks. However, within the SM the lightest boson heavier than the electron (0.511 MeV energy) is a pion having a mass of 135 MeV. Further, there appears no source within the SM from whence a new boson with a mass of 38 MeV might appear.</p> <p>A true physicist is more excited by evidence that cherished ideas are to some degree wrong than by evidence that reconfirms them. Therefore, should the observation and confirmation of the E(38) boson stand the test of time, a search for how to expand or correct the Standard Model will quickly be the research topic du jour in the particle physics community. However, the particle is not yet well enough established to begin risking careers for its sake. The world of science will be waiting for a sign that helps decide which way to jump.</p> <p>Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252/http://arxiv.org/abs/1208.3829" target="_blank">ArXiv</a></p>   <div id="bottom_unit"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252js_/http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"></script> </div> </div>   <span class="title share_bar">Share</span> <div id="article_share_bar" class="dotsontop share_bar"> <div class="as_button fb_as_button"><div class="fb-like" data-href="http://www.gizmag.com/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle/23897/" data-send="false" data-layout="box_count" data-show-faces="false"></div><script type="text/javascript">_ga.trackFacebook();</script></div> <div class="as_button"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252/http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-count="vertical" data-via="gizmag">Tweet</a></div> <div class="as_button"><div class="g-plusone" data-size="tall" data-href="http://www.gizmag.com/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle/23897/"></div></div> <div class="as_button"><iframe style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252if_/http://badge.stumbleupon.com/badge/embed/5/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizmag.com%2Fstandard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle%2F23897%2F" width="50" height="60" id="iframe-stmblpn-widget-2"></iframe></div> <div class="as_button"><div class="pin-it-button" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252oe_/http://www.gizmag.com/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle/23897/" data-image="http://images.gizmag.com/hero/standard-model-particle-physics-unexpected-particle-2.jpg" data-description="Discovery of an elementary particle not predicted by the Standard Model of Particle Physics has been reported and confirmed."></div></div> <div class="as_button"><script type="IN/Share" data-counter="top"></script></div> <div class="as_button" id="reddit_button_bar"><script type="text/javascript">reddit_newwindow='1'</script></div> </div>  <span class="title clear_left">About the Author</span> <div class="dotsontop" id="authorcontainer">  <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/author/brian-dodson/"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252im_/http://images.gizmag.com/author_profiles/164.jpg" alt="Brian Dodson" id="bio_pic"/> </a>   From an early age Brian wanted to become a scientist. He did, earning a Ph.D. in physics and embarking on an R&D; career which has recently broken the 40th anniversary. What he didn't expect was that along the way he would become a patent agent, a rocket scientist, a gourmet cook, a biotech entrepreneur, an opera tenor and a science writer.   <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/author/brian-dodson/">All articles by Brian Dodson</a> <br class="clear_both"> </div>  <div id="tags"> <span class="title">Tags</span> <div class="dotsontop"> <ul> <li>» <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/dark-matter/" rel="tag">Dark Matter</a></li> <li>» <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/particle-physics/" rel="tag">Particle physics</a></li> <li>» <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/physics/" rel="tag">Physics</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> </div> <div id="bing_unit"></div>  <span class="title" id="comments">2 Comments</span> <div class="dotsontop"> <div id="comment-162118" class="a_comment"> <p>Particles, smarticles...they are all simply whirling magnetic fields! </p> <span class="name">mrfixitrick</span><br> <span class="date"> 19th September, 2012 @ 03:27 am PDT</span> </div> <div id="comment-162313" class="a_comment"> <p>mrfixitrick: "... simply whirling magnetic fields!" ? And what is a magnetic field? Not what is does, or looks like, but, What is it? Einstein would have loved to answer that. So would Tesla. </p> <span class="name">voluntaryist</span><br> <span class="date"> 19th September, 2012 @ 06:06 pm PDT</span> </div> </div> <span class="title">Post a Comment</span> <div class="dotsontop" id="comment_form_div"> <div id="comment_form" data-article="23897"> <div id="comments_login"> <form action="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/index.php" name="login_form" id="login_form" onsubmit="return false;"> <p class="bold">Login with your gizmag account:</p> <p id="login_status"></p> <label for="email">Email</label><input type="text" name="email" id="email" value=""/> <label for="password">Password</label><input type="password" name="password" id="password" value=""/> <input type="submit" value="Log In" class="med"/> <div id="options"> <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/register/">Register here</a><br> <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/new_password/">Forgotten your password?</a> </div> <input type="hidden" id="expired_comment" value=""/> </form> </div> <div id="facebook_login"> <p>Or <span class="bold">Login with Facebook:</span></p><br/> <div class="fb-login-button" data-scope="email" data-max-rows="1" data-onlogin="loginFUser(23897);" data-autologoutlink="true"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div>  <span class="title">Related Articles</span> <div id="related_articles" class="dotsontop"> <ul> <li> <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/lhc-higgs-boson/20851/" title="Results of a proton-proton collision with four identified muons, a possible signature of a..."> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/higgs-data.jpg" alt="Results of a proton-proton collision with four identified muons, a possible signature of a..."/> </a> <a class="rel_title" href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/lhc-higgs-boson/20851/">LHC physicists sniff Higgs boson discovery</a> <p class="rel_date">14th December, 2011</p> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/higgs-like-boson-discovered/23188/" title="A proton-proton collision observed by CMS produces two high-energy photons - behavior cons..."> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/higgs-like-boson-discovered.png" alt="A proton-proton collision observed by CMS produces two high-energy photons - behavior cons..."/> </a> <a class="rel_title" href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/higgs-like-boson-discovered/23188/">New boson discovered, probably Higgs</a> <p class="rel_date">4th July, 2012</p> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/new-particle-large-hadron-collider/20945/" title="The chi b is the first new particle to be observed at the 17-mile long Large Hadron Collid..."> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/chib.png" alt="The chi b is the first new particle to be observed at the 17-mile long Large Hadron Collid..."/> </a> <a class="rel_title" href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/new-particle-large-hadron-collider/20945/">Large Hadron Collider researchers find new particle</a> <p class="rel_date">27th December, 2011</p> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/higgs-boson-cern-alternative-particle/23319/" title="Artist's impression of a proton-proton collision producing a pair of gamma rays (yellow) i..."> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920042252im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/higgs-boson-cern-alternative-particle.jpg" alt="Artist's impression of a proton-proton collision producing a pair of gamma rays (yellow) i..."/> </a> <a class="rel_title" href="/web/20120920042252/http://www.gizmag.com/higgs-boson-cern-alternative-particle/23319/">Is it or isn't it? 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Who ordered that? An unexpected new particle shakes the Standard Model