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class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097619167">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox 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data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This is an <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#How-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">explanatory essay</a> about the <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style</a></b>. <br/><div style="font-size:90%;"> This page is intended to provide additional information about concepts in the page(s) it supplements. This page is not one of <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, as it has not been <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#Levels_of_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">thoroughly vetted by the community</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1007196855">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#fff;padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain>ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li 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3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style (MoS)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox" action="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput mw-ui-input mw-ui-input-inline" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"/><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"/> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" class="mw-ui-button" value="Search the MoS"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capital letters</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Image_galleries" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;">By topic area</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045330069"/><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr/></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045330069"/><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philosophy" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Category</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr/></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; padding-left: 2px;">Related guidelines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Wikimedia sister projects</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProjects</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Style" title="Template:Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Style" title="Template talk:Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Style&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This <b>Simplified Manual of Style</b> is an overview of commonly used style guidelines taken from the <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style</a> and its subpages (together called the <b>MoS</b>). When a MoS guideline offers a choice of style, use only one alternative consistently throughout an article, and do not unreasonably alter a choice that has already been made. The MoS has too many suggestions to memorize, or even to consult regularly, but because they are based on consensual discussion, they often settle time-wasting arguments. Wikipedia has <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">no firm rules</a>, but these suggestions help create consistent articles. For a descriptive directory of the pages which make up the Manual of Style, see <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"/><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Capital_letters"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Capital letters</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Abbreviations"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Abbreviations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Punctuation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Punctuation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Apostrophes_and_quotation_marks"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Apostrophes and quotation marks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Periods_and_commas"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Periods and commas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Dashes_and_hyphens"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Dashes and hyphens</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Dates_and_numbers"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Dates and numbers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Markup"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Markup</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Usage"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Usage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2 class="ext-discussiontools-init-section"><span class="mw-headline" id="Capital_letters" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Capital_letters","replies":[],"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Capital_letters"></span>Capital letters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Capital_letters"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Capital letters">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="SMOS:CAP"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMOS:CAP&redirect=no">SMOS:CAP</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>Use <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentence case">sentence case</a> for article titles and section headings – <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">Tips and pointers</span>, not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">Tips and Pointers</span>. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#Article_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Capitalize names of scriptures like <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">Bible</span> and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">Qur'an</span>, but not <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">biblical</span>. Always capitalize <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">God</span> when it refers to a primary or only deity, but not pronouns that refer to deities: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">he</span> not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">He</span>. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#Religions,_deities,_philosophies,_doctrines" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Avoid capitalizing names of plants and animals. Among the exceptions are scientific names (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;"><i>Felis catus</i></span>) and <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper nouns</a> occurring as part of a name. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#People,_animals,_plants,_and_other_organisms" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>The seasons (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">summer</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">winter</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">spring</span>, and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">fall</span>/<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">autumn</span>) and the compass points (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">north</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">southwest</span>) are not to be capitalized. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#Calendar_items" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#Compass_points" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> </p> <h2 class="ext-discussiontools-init-section"><span class="mw-headline" id="Abbreviations" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Abbreviations","replies":[],"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Abbreviations"></span>Abbreviations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Abbreviations"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Abbreviations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="SMOS:ABB"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMOS:ABB&redirect=no">SMOS:ABB</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>To indicate <i>approximately</i>, the non-italicized abbreviation <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">c.</span> (followed by a space) is preferred over <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">circa</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">ca.</span>, or <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">approx.</span> <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:CIRCA" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:CIRCA">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Write <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">US</span> or <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">U.S.</span>, but not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">USA</span>. Use <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">US</span>, not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">U.S.</span>, in an article using <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">UK</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">PRC</span>, etc. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:NOTUSA" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:NOTUSA">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Use "<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">and</span>" instead of the "<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">&</span>" sign, except in tables, infoboxes, and official names like <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">AT&T</span>. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:%26" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:&">read more ...</a></b> </p> <h2 class="ext-discussiontools-init-section"><span class="mw-headline" id="Punctuation" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Punctuation","replies":["h-Apostrophes_and_quotation_marks-Punctuation","h-Periods_and_commas-Punctuation","h-Dashes_and_hyphens-Punctuation"],"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Punctuation"></span>Punctuation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Punctuation"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Punctuation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Apostrophes_and_quotation_marks" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Apostrophes_and_quotation_marks-Punctuation","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Apostrophes_and_quotation_marks-Punctuation"></span>Apostrophes and quotation marks<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Apostrophes_and_quotation_marks-Punctuation"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Apostrophes and quotation marks">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="SMOS:A&amp;Q"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMOS:A%26Q&redirect=no">SMOS:A&Q</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>Use straight quote marks <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1071501304">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:#f9f9f9;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#eee,#f9f9f9,#eee);color:#000;padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">"</kbd> and apostrophes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1071501304"/><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">'</kbd> as available from the keyboard, and not alternatives such as <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">“ ”</span> and <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">‘ ’</span>. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#Apostrophes" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Italicize names of books, films, TV series, music albums, paintings, and ships—but not short works like songs or poems, which should be in quotation marks. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#Italics" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Write <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">James's house</span>, not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">James' house</span>. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:POSS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:POSS">read more ...</a></b> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Periods_and_commas" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Periods_and_commas-Punctuation","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Periods_and_commas-Punctuation"></span>Periods and commas<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Periods_and_commas-Punctuation"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Periods and commas">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="SMOS:P&amp;C"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMOS:P%26C&redirect=no">SMOS:P&C</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>Place a <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a> (a period) or a comma <i>before</i> a closing quotation mark if it belongs as part of the quoted material; otherwise put it after: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">The word <i>carefree</i> means "happy"<span style="background:#bfb">.</span></span> But <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">She said, "I'm feeling carefree<span style="background:#bfb">.</span>"</span> (Please do so irrespective of any rules associated with the variety of English in use.) <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:LQ" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LQ">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>An <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a> should be written as three separate dots (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">...</span>): not spaced (<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">. . .</span>), and not using the single-character option (<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">…</span>). <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:ELLIPSIS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ELLIPSIS">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>The <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_comma" title="Serial comma">serial comma</a> (for example the comma before <i>and</i> in "ham, chips, and eggs") is optional; be sensitive to possible ambiguity from thoughtless use or thoughtless avoidance. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:SERIAL" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:SERIAL">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Avoid <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma_splice" title="Comma splice">comma splices</a>. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#Semicolons" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Picture captions should not end in a full stop (a period) unless they are complete sentences. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:CAPTIONS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:CAPTIONS">read more ...</a></b> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Dashes_and_hyphens" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Dashes_and_hyphens-Punctuation","replies":[],"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Dashes_and_hyphens-Punctuation"></span>Dashes and hyphens<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Dashes_and_hyphens-Punctuation"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dashes and hyphens">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="SMOS:D&amp;H"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMOS:D%26H&redirect=no">SMOS:D&H</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>Avoid using a hyphen after a standard -ly adverb (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">a newly available home</span>). <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:HYPHEN" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:HYPHEN">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>A hyphen is not a <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a>. Hyphens are used within words or to join words, but not in punctuating the parts of a sentence. Use an en dash (–) with <code>&nbsp;</code> before and a space after; or use an em dash (—) without spaces. See <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_make_dashes" title="Wikipedia:How to make dashes">Wikipedia:How to make dashes</a>. Avoid using two hyphens <span class="nowrap">(--)</span> to make a dash; and avoid using a hyphen for a minus sign. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:DASH" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DASH">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Use an en dash, not a hyphen, between numbers: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">pp. 14–21</span>; <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">1953–2008</span>. An en dash is also to connect parallel terms: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">red–green colorblind</span>; <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">a New York–London flight</span>. Use spaces around the en dash only if the connected terms are multi-unit dates: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">January 1999 – December 2000</span>. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:ENDASH" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ENDASH">read more ...</a></b> </p> <h2 class="ext-discussiontools-init-section"><span class="mw-headline" id="Dates_and_numbers" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Dates_and_numbers","replies":[],"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Dates_and_numbers"></span>Dates and numbers<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Dates_and_numbers"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dates and numbers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="SMOS:D&amp;N"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMOS:D%26N&redirect=no">SMOS:D&N</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>Write <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">number 1</span> or <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">No. 1</span>, but not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">#1</span>. Comic books are an exception. Do not use the symbol <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">№</span>. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:NUMBERSIGN" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:NUMBERSIGN">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Write <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">12,000</span> for twelve thousand, not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">12.000</span>. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:NUM#Delimiting_(grouping_of_digits)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:NUM">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Both <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">10 June 1921</span> and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">June 10, 1921,</span> are correct, but should be consistent within an article. A comma is not used if only the month is given, such as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">June 1921</span>. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#Choice_of_format" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> </p><p><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">AD 400</span> and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">400 BC</span> are correct; but so are <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">400 CE</span> and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">400 BCE</span>. As always, use one style consistently in an article. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:NUM#Year_numbering_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:NUM">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Use <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">one, two, three, ..., eight, nine</span> in normal article text, not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9</span> (although there are many exceptional circumstances; and some other numbers may be written as words also). <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#Numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> </p> <h2 class="ext-discussiontools-init-section"><span class="mw-headline" id="Markup" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Markup","replies":[],"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Markup"></span>Markup<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Markup"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Markup">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="SMOS:MKP"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMOS:MKP&redirect=no">SMOS:MKP</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>Instead of an ordinary space, use <code>&nbsp;</code> (a <i>hard space</i> or <i>non-breaking space</i>) to prevent a line from ending in the middle of expressions like <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">17 kg</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">AD 565</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">2:50 pm</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">£11 billion</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">129 million</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">August 2022</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">5° 24′ 21.12″ N</span>, or <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">Boeing 747</span>; also after the number in <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">123 Fake Street</span>, and before <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a> in <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">World War II</span> and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">Pope Benedict XVI</span>. Use <code>&nbsp;</code> in the same way inside a wikilink. (An alternative: enclose the whole expression using the template {{<a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nowrap" title="Template:Nowrap">nowrap</a>}}.) <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:NBSP" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:NBSP">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>It does not matter how many spaces come after a period because extra spaces will not show, although blank lines will create one extra line. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#Spacing" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Use <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikilinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikilinks">wikilinks</a>, but only for words and phrases that are most likely to be helpful if clicked. Make sure each link goes to an article on the intended subject, and not to a disambiguation page or incorrect destination. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:#Links" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:">read more ...</a></b> </p> <h2 class="ext-discussiontools-init-section"><span class="mw-headline" id="References" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-References","replies":[],"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="SMOS:REF"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMOS:REF&redirect=no">SMOS:REF</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>There are multiple <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cite" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cite">citation</a> styles. The most common uses <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code> (<i>ref tags</i>) to create footnotes (sometimes called endnotes or notes), which will appear in the reference or endnote section. This citation should immediately follow the text to which it applies, including any punctuation (with some exceptions). <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:REFPUNC" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:REFPUNC">read more ...</a></b> </p> <h2 class="ext-discussiontools-init-section"><span class="mw-headline" id="Usage" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Usage","replies":[],"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Usage"></span>Usage<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Usage"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Usage">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1007196855"/><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="SMOS:USG"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMOS:USG&redirect=no">SMOS:USG</a></span></li></ul></div> <p>English Wikipedia prefers no major national variety of the language over any other. These varieties (e.g. <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._English" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. English">U.S. English</a>, <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>) differ in vocabulary (<i>soccer</i> vs. <i>football</i>), spelling (<i>center</i> vs. <i>centre</i>), and occasionally grammar. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:ENGVAR" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ENGVAR">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Avoid words like <i>I</i>, <i>we</i>, and <i>you</i>, except in quotations and names of works. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:FIRSTPERSON" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:FIRSTPERSON">read more ...</a></b> – <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:YOU" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:YOU">read more ...</a></b> </p><p>Avoid phrases like <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">note that</span> and <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">remember that</span> (which assume "you" for the reader); and avoid such expressions as <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">of course</span> and <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;">obviously</span>. <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS:NOTED" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:NOTED">read more ...</a></b> </p> <h2 class="ext-discussiontools-init-section"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also" data-mw-comment="{"type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-See_also","replies":[],"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-"}"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>MoS-related: </p> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_the_Manual_of_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Introduction to the Manual of Style">Help:Introduction to the Manual of Style</a> – a quick introduction to the style guide for articles</li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_the_Manual_of_Style/Manual_of_Style_quiz" title="Help:Introduction to the Manual of Style/Manual of Style quiz">Manual of Style quiz</a> – test your Manual of Style knowledge</li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Wikipedia:Styletips</a> – a list of advice for editors on writing style and formatting in a bullet-point format</li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Reading_schedule" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Reading schedule">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Reading schedule</a> – a reading schedule designed to assist editors in becoming familiar with Manual of Style</li></ul> <p>General formatting: </p> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Wikipedia:Tips</a> – overview page where you can digest how to use Wikipedia in bite-sized morsels</li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia</a> – a page that provides information on the basics needed to edit Wikipedia</li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Wikipedia:Writing better articles</a> – guidance on how to improve articles</li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts#Dos_and_don'ts_pages" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts#Dos and don'ts pages</a> – summaries of Wikipedia's policies, guidelines, and formatting standards in a bullet-point format</li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Help:Cheatsheet</a> – a page that provides the most commonly used wiki markup</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manual_of_Style" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Manual_of_Style" title="Template talk:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Manual_of_Style&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manual_of_Style" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="*_Overview_*_Directory_*_Tips_*_Quiz"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Overview</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Directory</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_the_Manual_of_Style/Manual_of_Style_quiz" title="Help:Introduction to the Manual of Style/Manual of Style quiz">Quiz</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Content</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Formatting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Proper_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Proper names">Proper names</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles">Titles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Images</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Galleries" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Galleries">Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Layout</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Embedded_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Embedded lists">Embedded lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China_and_Chinese-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China and Chinese-related articles">China</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France_and_French-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France and French-related articles">France</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippine-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippine-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Trinidad_and_Tobago_Wikipedians%27_notice_board/Style_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Trinidad and Tobago Wikipedians' notice board/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Wikimedia sister projects</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProjects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Search</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox" action="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-wide-searchbox"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput mw-ui-input mw-ui-input-inline" name="search" placeholder="e.g. image placement" size="25" dir="ltr"/><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"/> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" class="mw-ui-button" value="Search the MoS"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220819225124im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220819225124im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220819225124im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/> <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_Basic_information_on_Wikipedia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Basic_information" title="Template:Basic information"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Basic_information" title="Template talk:Basic information"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Basic_information&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_Basic_information_on_Wikipedia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220819225124im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Black_W_for_promotion.png/20px-Black_W_for_promotion.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220819225124im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Black_W_for_promotion.png/30px-Black_W_for_promotion.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220819225124im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Black_W_for_promotion.png/40px-Black_W_for_promotion.png 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="480"/> <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_basic_information" title="Category:Wikipedia basic information">Basic information</a> on <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="*_Help_**directory_**menu_*_Teahouse_(interactive_help_for_new_editors)"> <ul><li><b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">Help</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Directory" title="Help:Directory">directory</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Menu" title="Help:Menu">menu</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></b> (interactive help for new editors)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Readers' index to Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Statistics" title="Wikipedia:Statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Purpose" title="Wikipedia:Purpose">Purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Formal_organization" title="Wikipedia:Formal organization">Organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Censorship" title="Help:Censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_brief" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia in brief">In brief</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">General disclaimer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">Readers' FAQ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Student help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">Parental advice</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Researching_with_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia">Researching with Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia">Citing Wikipedia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Introductions<br/>to contributing </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Main introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">List of tutorials and introductions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_answer_to_life,_the_universe,_and_everything" title="Wikipedia:The answer to life, the universe, and everything">The answer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Learning_the_ropes" title="Wikipedia:Learning the ropes">Learning the ropes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:A_primer_for_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:A primer for newcomers">Newcomer primer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified ruleset</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">The "Missing Manual"</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Your first article</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">Wizard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Young Wikipedians</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Adventure" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Adventure">The Adventure</a></li></ul></li> <li>Accounts <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">User guide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies<br/> and guidelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Simplified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Expectations_and_norms_of_the_Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia:Expectations and norms of the Wikipedia community">Expectations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editorial_oversight_and_control" title="Wikipedia:Editorial oversight and control">Oversight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">The rules are principles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Core_content_policies" title="Wikipedia:Core content policies">Core content policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Questions" title="Wikipedia:Questions">Getting help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Menu" title="Help:Menu">Help menu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_Desk" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Reference Desk">Reference Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Requests for help</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_requests" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution requests">Disputes resolution requests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC live chat</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="Wikipedia:Contact us">Contact us</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia community">Wikipedia community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Meetup" title="Wikipedia:Meetup">Meetups</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProjects" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProjects">WikiProjects</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide#What_is_a_WikiProject?" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2013-04-01/WikiProject_report" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2013-04-01/WikiProject report">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)">policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">technical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(proposals)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)">proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(idea_lab)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (idea lab)">idea lab</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(WMF)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (WMF)">wikimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(miscellaneous)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (miscellaneous)">misc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:News" title="Wikipedia:News">Newsletters</a>: <ul><li><i><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost">Signpost</a></i></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter" class="extiw" title="metawiki:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter">Library Newsletter</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/GLAM/Newsletter" class="extiw" title="meta:GLAM/Newsletter"> GLAM Newsletter</a></li></ul></li> <li><u>Informational:</u></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="Wikipedia:Community portal">Community portal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dashboard" title="Wikipedia:Dashboard">Dashboard</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Maintenance</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Task_Center" title="Wikipedia:Task Center">Task Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Essays" title="Wikipedia:Essays">Essays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Sourcing</a> <br/>and <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">referencing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u>Research:</u></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Research_desk" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library/Research desk">Research desk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Wikipedia Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange/Resource_Request" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request">Request Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Free_resources" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library/Free resources">Free resources</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">Request access to major databases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange">WikiProject Resource Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange/Shared_Resources" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Shared Resources">Shared resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><u>Guidelines:</u></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Finding sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Combining_sources" title="Wikipedia:Combining sources">Combining sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">Page numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to guides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Essays_in_a_nutshell/Article_writing" title="Wikipedia:Essays in a nutshell/Article writing">Writing articles</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_development" title="Wikipedia:Article development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Better writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Media files</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Deletion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contribution pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves">Requests</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirecting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Simple_guide_to_vandalism_cleanup" title="Help:Simple guide to vandalism cleanup">Vandalism cleanup</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Wiki markup</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wiki markup</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Index</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Image and video markup</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Linking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a> and glossaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_directories" title="Category:Wikipedia directories">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_summary_legend" title="Wikipedia:Edit summary legend">Edit summaries</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Essay_directory" title="Wikipedia:Essay directory">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut_directory" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut directory">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_community" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_community" title="Template:Wikipedia community"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_community" title="Template talk:Wikipedia community"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikipedia_community&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_community" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia community">Wikipedia community</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="For_a_listing_of_current_collaborations,_tasks,_and_news,_see_the_Community_portal.For_a_listing_of_ongoing_discussions_and_current_requests,_see_the_Dashboard."><i>For a listing of current collaborations, tasks, and news, see the <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="Wikipedia:Community portal">Community portal</a></b>.<br/>For a listing of ongoing discussions and current requests, see the <b><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dashboard" title="Wikipedia:Dashboard">Dashboard</a></b>.</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">General community<br/>topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:News" title="Wikipedia:News">News</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost">The Signpost</a></i></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Goings-on" title="Wikipedia:Goings-on">Goings-on</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_the_media" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia in the media">In the media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Meetup" title="Wikipedia:Meetup">Meetups</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mailing_lists" title="Wikipedia:Mailing lists">Mailing lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedians" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedians">Wikipedians</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Statistics" title="Wikipedia:Statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">The Wikipedia Library</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Centralized_discussion" title="Wikipedia:Centralized discussion">Centralized discussion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(idea_lab)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (idea lab)">Idea lab</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(proposals)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)">Proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(miscellaneous)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (miscellaneous)">Miscellaneous</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(WMF)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (WMF)">WMF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_holidays" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Contents</a> and <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">grading</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles">Requested articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Most-wanted_articles" title="Wikipedia:Most-wanted articles">Most-wanted articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Images" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles/Images">Images needing articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Requested pictures">Articles needing images</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_creation" title="Wikipedia:Articles for creation">Articles for creation</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AFC/R" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AFC/R">WP:AFC/R</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_creation" title="Wikipedia:Article creation">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Help desk">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vital_articles" title="Wikipedia:Vital articles">Vital articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_improvement" title="Wikipedia:Articles for improvement">Articles for improvement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Peer_review" title="Wikipedia:Peer review">Peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_article_nominations" title="Wikipedia:Good article nominations">Good article nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_article_candidates" title="Wikipedia:Featured article candidates">Featured article candidates</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_list_candidates" title="Wikipedia:Featured list candidates">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_picture_candidates" title="Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates">Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_and_good_topic_candidates" title="Wikipedia:Featured and good topic candidates">Topics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Article translation</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pages_needing_translation_into_English" title="Wikipedia:Pages needing translation into English">Pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Main_Page" title="Talk:Main Page">Main Page</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Main_Page/Errors" title="Wikipedia:Main Page/Errors">Errors</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject">WikiProjects</a><br/>and <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_collaborations" title="Category:Wikipedia collaborations">collaborations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory">Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Culture" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Culture">Culture and the arts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical">Geographical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/History_and_society" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/History and society">History and society</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Science">Science, technology and engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Wikipedia">Wikipedia assistance and tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Patrols" title="Wikipedia:Patrols">Patrols</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_changes_patrol" title="Wikipedia:Recent changes patrol">Recent changes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Counter-Vandalism_Unit" title="Wikipedia:Counter-Vandalism Unit">Counter-Vandalism Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team" title="Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team">Version 1.0 Editorial Team</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedian_organizations" title="Category:Wikipedian organizations">Organizations category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Awards" title="Wikipedia:Awards">Awards</a> and <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Positive_feedback" title="Wikipedia:Positive feedback">feedback</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reward_board" title="Wikipedia:Reward board">Reward board</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contests" title="Wikipedia:Contests">Contests</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:A_nice_cup_of_tea_and_a_sit_down" title="Wikipedia:A nice cup of tea and a sit down">A nice cup of tea and a sit down</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Charitableness" title="Wikipedia:Charitableness">Charitableness</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiLove" title="Wikipedia:WikiLove">WikiLove</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Compliment_before_criticism" title="Wikipedia:Compliment before criticism">Compliment before criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kindness_Campaign" title="Wikipedia:Kindness Campaign">Kindness Campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Notifications/Thanks" title="Help:Notifications/Thanks">Thanks!</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Maintenance tasks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Task_Center" title="Wikipedia:Task Center">Task Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal/Opentask" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Community portal/Opentask">Open tasks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Backlog" title="Wikipedia:Backlog">Backlog</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_backlog" title="Category:Wikipedia backlog">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Administrative_backlog" title="Category:Administrative backlog">Admin category</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_requests" title="Wikipedia:Edit requests">Edit requests</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_edit_requests" title="Category:Wikipedia edit requests">Category</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_reports" title="Wikipedia:Database reports">Database reports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Category_tracker" title="Template:Category tracker">Category tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_reports/Forgotten_articles" title="Wikipedia:Database reports/Forgotten articles">Dusty articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:NewPagesFeed" title="Special:NewPagesFeed">New pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Special:RecentChanges">Recent changes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_controversial_issues" title="Wikipedia:List of controversial issues">Controversial issues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a><br/>and <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">noticeboards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard">Administrators' noticeboard</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Incidents" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents">Incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Edit_warring" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Edit warring">Edit warring</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrator_intervention_against_vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Administrator intervention against vandalism">Vandalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Admin_dashboard" title="Template:Admin dashboard">Admin dashboard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_administrator_attention" title="Wikipedia:Requests for administrator attention">Admin requests</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Requests_for_closure" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Requests for closure">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page protection">Page protection</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_permissions" title="Wikipedia:Requests for permissions">User permissions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sockpuppet_investigations" title="Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations">Sockpuppets</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_on_open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject on open proxies">Open proxies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Revision_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Revision deletion">Revision deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Oversight" title="Wikipedia:Oversight">Oversight</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_oversight" title="Wikipedia:Requests for oversight">Request</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Usernames_for_administrator_attention" title="Wikipedia:Usernames for administrator attention">Usernames</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Changing_username" title="Wikipedia:Changing username">Changing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_talk:Titleblacklist" title="MediaWiki talk:Titleblacklist">Title blacklist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:OTRS_noticeboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:OTRS noticeboard">OTRS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bureaucrats%27_noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Bureaucrats' noticeboard">Bureaucrats'</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship" title="Wikipedia:Requests for adminship">Requests for adminship</a> and <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship#About_RfB" title="Wikipedia:Requests for adminship">bureaucratship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbitration_Committee/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee/Noticeboard">Arbitration Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests" title="Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests">Requests</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Enforcement" title="Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Enforcement">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution#Resolving_content_disputes_with_outside_help" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">Content dispute<br/>resolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/All" title="Wikipedia:Requests for comment/All">Requests for comment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Third_opinion" title="Wikipedia:Third opinion">Third opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution noticeboard">Dispute resolution noticeboard</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons/Noticeboard">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest/Noticeboard">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:External links/Noticeboard">External links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories/Noticeboard">Fringe theories</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view/Noticeboard">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:No original research/Noticeboard">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard">Reliable sources</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other noticeboards<br/>and assistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Regional_notice_boards" title="Wikipedia:Regional notice boards">Regional notice boards</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Requests for help</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requests_related_to_help" title="Category:Wikipedia requests related to help">Category</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Questions" title="Wikipedia:Questions">Asking questions</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Adopt-a-user" title="Wikipedia:Adopt-a-user">Adopt-a-user</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_assistance" title="Wikipedia:Copyright assistance">Copyright assistance</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributor_copyright_investigations" title="Wikipedia:Contributor copyright investigations">Copyright investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_problems" title="Wikipedia:Copyright problems">Text problems</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_copyright_questions" title="Wikipedia:Media copyright questions">Media questions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange/Resource_Request" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request">Resource requests</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_mergers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Proposed mergers">Mergers</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_history_merge" title="Wikipedia:Requests for history merge">History mergers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves">Moves</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_importation" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page importation">Page importation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Spam" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Spam">Spam</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_talk:Spam-blacklist" title="MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist">Blacklist</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_talk:Spam-whitelist" title="MediaWiki talk:Spam-whitelist">Whitelist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Bots/Noticeboard">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Education_noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Education noticeboard">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_sanctions" title="Wikipedia:General sanctions">General sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_restrictions" title="Wikipedia:Editing restrictions">Editor sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Long-term_abuse" title="Wikipedia:Long-term abuse">Long-term abuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_process#Deletion_discussions" title="Wikipedia:Deletion process">Deletion<br/>discussions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Guide</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_guidelines_for_administrators" title="Wikipedia:Deletion guidelines for administrators">Admin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:XfD_today" title="Wikipedia:XfD today">Today</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Articles for deletion">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Files_for_discussion" title="Wikipedia:Files for discussion">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion" title="Wikipedia:Categories for discussion">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirects_for_discussion" title="Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion">Miscellany</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">Speedy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion">Proposed</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_of_biographies_of_living_people" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion of biographies of living people">BLP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_review" title="Wikipedia:Deletion review">Review</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_undeletion" title="Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion">Undeletion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Arguments_to_avoid_in_deletion_discussions" title="Wikipedia:Arguments to avoid in deletion discussions">Arguments to avoid</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Arguments_to_make_in_deletion_discussions" title="Wikipedia:Arguments to make in deletion discussions">Arguments to make</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_Rescue_Squadron" title="Wikipedia:Article Rescue Squadron">Article Rescue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Elections" title="Wikipedia:Elections">Elections</a> and <a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Voting" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Voting">votings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment" title="Wikipedia:Requests for comment">Requests for comment</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment" class="extiw" title="m:Requests for comment">meta</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections" class="extiw" title="m:Wikimedia Foundation elections">Wikimedia Foundation elections</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Democracy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Democracy">WP Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Voting_is_not_evil" title="Wikipedia:Voting is not evil">Voting is not evil</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Times_that_1000_or_more_Wikipedians_supported_something" title="Wikipedia:Times that 1000 or more Wikipedians supported something">Milestones</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories, indexes,</a><br/>and summaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_summary_legend" title="Wikipedia:Edit summary legend">Edit summary legend</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Essay_directory" title="Wikipedia:Essay directory">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Directory" title="Help:Directory">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Manual of Style</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Simplified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Rules</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut_index" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut index">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Templates</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Today</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Wiki markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225124/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wikipedians">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians" title="Category:Wikipedians">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220819225124/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li></ul> 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