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class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Saint Petersburg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint_Petersburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2013:_131_Primorskoye_Shosse,_Olgino,_Saint_Petersburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013:_131_Primorskoye_Shosse,_Olgino,_Saint_Petersburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 2013: 131 Primorskoye Shosse, Olgino, Saint Petersburg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013:_131_Primorskoye_Shosse,_Olgino,_Saint_Petersburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014:_55_Ulitsa_Savushkina_(Street),_Saint_Petersburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014:_55_Ulitsa_Savushkina_(Street),_Saint_Petersburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 2014: 55 Ulitsa Savushkina (Street), Saint Petersburg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014:_55_Ulitsa_Savushkina_(Street),_Saint_Petersburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1_February_2018:_Optikov_street,_4,_building_3,_Lakhta-2_business_center,_Lakhta,_Saint_Petersburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1_February_2018:_Optikov_street,_4,_building_3,_Lakhta-2_business_center,_Lakhta,_Saint_Petersburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 1 February 2018: Optikov street, 4, building 3, Lakhta-2 business center, Lakhta, Saint Petersburg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1_February_2018:_Optikov_street,_4,_building_3,_Lakhta-2_business_center,_Lakhta,_Saint_Petersburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_locations_and_associated_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_locations_and_associated_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Other locations and associated groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_locations_and_associated_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Work organization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trolling_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trolling_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Trolling themes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trolling_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organized_anti-Ukrainian_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organized_anti-Ukrainian_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Organized anti-Ukrainian campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organized_anti-Ukrainian_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Foreign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_activities_of_organizers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_activities_of_organizers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Additional activities of organizers </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Additional_activities_of_organizers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Additional activities of organizers subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Additional_activities_of_organizers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rallies_and_protests_organized_by_IRA_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rallies_and_protests_organized_by_IRA_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Rallies and protests organized by IRA in the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rallies_and_protests_organized_by_IRA_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indictments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indictments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Indictments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indictments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_the_Internet_Research_Agency_interference_in_United_States_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_the_Internet_Research_Agency_interference_in_United_States_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Timeline of the Internet Research Agency interference in United States elections </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline_of_the_Internet_Research_Agency_interference_in_United_States_elections-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Timeline of the Internet Research Agency interference in United States elections subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_the_Internet_Research_Agency_interference_in_United_States_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 2017 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.6 2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.7 2020 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" > 22 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="وكالة أبحاث الإنترنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وكالة أبحاث الإنترنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_T%C9%99dqiqatlar%C4%B1_Agentliyi" title="İnternet Tədqiqatları Agentliyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnternet Tədqiqatları Agentliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agentura_pro_v%C3%BDzkum_internetu" title="Agentura pro výzkum internetu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Agentura pro výzkum internetu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agentur_f%C3%BCr_Internet-Forschung" title="Agentur für Internet-Forschung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Agentur für Internet-Forschung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencia_de_Investigaci%C3%B3n_de_Internet" title="Agencia de Investigación de Internet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agencia de Investigación de Internet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interreta_Esplora_Agentejo" title="Interreta Esplora Agentejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Interreta Esplora Agentejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Internet Research Agency" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%84%B7_%EB%A6%AC%EC%84%9C%EC%B9%98_%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%84%EC%8B%9C" title="인터넷 리서치 에이전시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인터넷 리서치 에이전시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvornica_trolova" title="Tvornica trolova – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tvornica trolova" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Internet Research Agency" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98" title="הסוכנות לחקר האינטרנט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסוכנות לחקר האינטרנט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC" title="インターネット・リサーチ・エージェンシー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インターネット・リサーチ・エージェンシー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Internet Research Agency" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencja_Bada%C5%84_Internetowych" title="Agencja Badań Internetowych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Agencja Badań Internetowych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_de_Pesquisa_da_Internet" title="Agência de Pesquisa da Internet – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Agência de Pesquisa da Internet" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agen%C8%9Bia_de_Cercetare_pe_Internet" title="Agenția de Cercetare pe Internet – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Agenția de Cercetare pe Internet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Агентство интернет-исследований – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Агентство интернет-исследований" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Internet Research Agency" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agentstvo_Internet-Issledovanij" title="Agentstvo Internet-Issledovanij – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Agentstvo Internet-Issledovanij" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1_Ajans%C4%B1" title="İnternet Araştırmaları Ajansı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnternet Araştırmaları Ajansı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%B7_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тролі з Ольгіна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тролі з Ольгіна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%B0%B4%E5%86%9B" title="俄罗斯网络水军 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄罗斯网络水军" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian company engaged in online propaganda</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Internet Research Agency</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="ru">Агентство интернет-исследований</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">26 July 2013 (2013-7-26)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 2023 (2023-7-1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Internet_manipulation" title="Internet manipulation">Internet manipulation</a>, spreading <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Olgino" title="Olgino">Olgino</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#002244;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Trump–Russia relations</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_at_the_G20_(48144047611).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144047611%29.jpg/250px-President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144047611%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144047611%29.jpg/500px-President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144047611%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Business interactions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayrock_Group" title="Bayrock Group">Bayrock Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia" title="Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia">Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_Moscow" title="Trump Tower Moscow">Trump Tower Moscow</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Russian election interference</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_US_election_leaks" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 US election leaks">2016 US election leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Putin%E2%80%93Trump_call" class="mw-redirect" title="2025 Putin–Trump call">2025 Putin–Trump call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Associates' links with Russian officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Analytica#2016_presidential_election" title="Cambridge Analytica">Cambridge Analytica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information" title="Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information">Classified information disclosures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">Clinton emails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare_by_Russia" title="Cyberwarfare by Russia">Cyberwarfare by Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_Department_of_Justice_metadata_seizures" title="2017–2018 Department of Justice metadata seizures">Data seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCLeaks" title="DCLeaks">DCLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic National Committee cyber attacks">Democratic National Committee cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_v._Russian_Federation" title="Democratic National Committee v. Russian Federation">Democratic National Committee v. Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Dismissal of James Comey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_electoral_intervention" title="Foreign electoral intervention">Foreign electoral intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Donald_Trump_(2015%E2%80%9316)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Donald Trump (2015–16)">Foreign policy of Donald Trump (2015–16)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Internet Research Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podesta_emails" title="Podesta emails">Podesta emails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2018_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2018 United States elections">Russian interference (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections">Russian interference (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2016 United States presidential election">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timelines_related_to_Donald_Trump_and_Russian_interference_in_United_States_elections" title="Timelines related to Donald Trump and Russian interference in United States elections">Timelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_meeting" title="Trump Tower meeting">Trump Tower meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Investigations and reports</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assessing_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_US_Elections" title="Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections">Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">Barr letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_charges_brought_in_the_Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Criminal charges brought in the Mueller special counsel investigation">Criminal charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation" title="Durham special counsel investigation">Durham investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_Security_Committee_Russia_report" title="Intelligence and Security Committee Russia report">Intelligence and Security Committee Russia report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_papers" title="Kremlin papers">Kremlin papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_report" title="Mueller report">Mueller report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunes_memo" title="Nunes memo">Nunes memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Reactions to the Mueller special counsel investigation">Reactions to the Mueller special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee_report_on_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Senate Intelligence Committee report on Russian interference in the 2016 United States presidential election">Senate report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steele_dossier" title="Steele dossier">Steele dossier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topics_of_the_Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Topics of the Mueller special counsel investigation">Topics of the Mueller special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trials_of_Paul_Manafort" title="Trials of Paul Manafort">Trials of Paul Manafort</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aras_Agalarov" title="Aras Agalarov">Aras Agalarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emin_(singer)" title="Emin (singer)">Emin Agalarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetshin" title="Rinat Akhmetshin">Rinat Akhmetshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> / <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Butina" title="Maria Butina">Maria Butina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Corsi" title="Jerome Corsi">Jerome Corsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Deripaska" title="Oleg Deripaska">Oleg Deripaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Gates_(political_consultant)" title="Rick Gates (political consultant)">Rick Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Goldstone" title="Rob Goldstone">Rob Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Kaveladze" title="Ike Kaveladze">Ike Kaveladze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Khusyaynova" title="Elena Khusyaynova">Elena Khusyaynova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kilimnik" title="Konstantin Kilimnik">Konstantin Kilimnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Page" title="Carter Page">Carter Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Papadopoulos" title="George Papadopoulos">George Papadopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Sater" title="Felix Sater">Felix Sater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump Jr">Donald Trump Jr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Veselnitskaya" title="Natalia Veselnitskaya">Natalia Veselnitskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_van_der_Zwaan" title="Alex van der Zwaan">Alex van der Zwaan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Deception and conspiracy theories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_Obama_spying_on_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of Obama spying on Trump">Allegations of Obama spying on Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_facts" title="Alternative facts">Alternative facts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal">Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_state_in_the_United_States#Usage_by_Trump_and_allies" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep state in the United States">Deep state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news#Donald_Trump's_misuse_of_term" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="False or misleading statements by Donald Trump">False or misleading statements by Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firehose_of_falsehood" title="Firehose of falsehood">Firehose of falsehood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italygate_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Italygate conspiracy theory">Italygate conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump">List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon#Trump_and_connected_individuals" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_investigation_origins_counter-narrative" title="Russia investigation origins counter-narrative">Russia investigation origins counter-narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spygate_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Spygate (conspiracy theory)">Spygate (conspiracy theory)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Stop_the_Steal" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Stop the Steal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_lie#Donald_Trump's_false_claims_of_a_stolen_election" title="Big lie">Trump's election lies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations" title="Trump Tower wiretapping allegations">Trump Tower wiretapping allegations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Higher_Loyalty" title="A Higher Loyalty">A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Harding" title="Luke Harding">Collusion: Secret Meetings, Dirty Money, and How Russia Helped Trump Win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromised_(book)" title="Compromised (book)">Compromised: Counterintelligence and the Threat of Donald J. Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_R._Simpson" title="Glenn R. Simpson">Crime In Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwar:_How_Russian_Hackers_and_Trolls_Helped_Elect_a_President_%E2%80%94_What_We_Don%27t,_Can%27t,_and_Do_Know" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyberwar: How Russian Hackers and Trolls Helped Elect a President — What We Don't, Can't, and Do Know">Cyberwar: How Russian Hackers and Trolls Helped Elect a President — What We Don't, Can't, and Do Know</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clapper" title="James Clapper">Facts and Fears: Hard Truths from a Life in Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoax_(book)" title="Hoax (book)">Hoax: Donald Trump, Fox News, and the Dangerous Distortion of Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Nance" title="Malcolm Nance">The Plot to Destroy Democracy: How Putin and His Spies are Undermining America and Dismantling the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plot_to_Hack_America:_How_Putin%27s_Cyberspies_and_WikiLeaks_Tried_to_Steal_the_2016_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="The Plot to Hack America: How Putin's Cyberspies and WikiLeaks Tried to Steal the 2016 Election">The Plot to Hack America: How Putin's Cyberspies and WikiLeaks Tried to Steal the 2016 Election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Abramson" title="Seth Abramson">Proof of Conspiracy: How Trump's International Collusion is Threatening American Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Roulette:_The_Inside_Story_of_Putin%27s_War_on_America_and_the_Election_of_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Roulette: The Inside Story of Putin's War on America and the Election of Donald Trump">Russian Roulette: The Inside Story of Putin's War on America and the Election of Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Threat_(memoir)" title="The Threat (memoir)">The Threat: How the FBI Protects America In the Age of Terror and Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump:_The_Kremlin_Candidate%3F" title="Trump: The Kremlin Candidate?">Trump: The Kremlin Candidate?</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trump%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Template:Trump–Russia relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trump%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Template talk:Trump–Russia relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trump%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trump–Russia relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Internet Research Agency (IRA; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Агентство интернет-исследований, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: Agentstvo internet-issledovaniy), also known as Glavset (Russian: Главсеть, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Central Network'),<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> and known in Russian <a href="/wiki/Internet_slang" title="Internet slang">Internet slang</a> as the Trolls from Olgino (Russian: ольгинские тролли) or Kremlinbots (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: кремлеботы<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>), was a Russian company which was engaged in online <a href="/wiki/Internet_manipulation" title="Internet manipulation">propaganda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">influence operations</a> on behalf of Russian business and political interests.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> It was linked to <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian oligarch">Russian oligarch</a> who was leader of the <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a>, and based in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia. The agency was first mentioned in a 2015 article by <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Chen" title="Adrian Chen">Adrian Chen</a> in The New York Times,<a href="#cite_note-Chen2015-4">[4]</a> which detailed its operations, although it gained further attention when Russian journalist <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Zakharov_(journalist)" title="Andrey Zakharov (journalist)">Andrey Zakharov</a> published his investigation into Prigozhin’s "troll factory". The January 2017 report issued by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">United States Intelligence Community</a> – <a href="/wiki/Assessing_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_US_Elections" title="Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections">Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections</a> – described the agency as a <a href="/wiki/Troll_farm" title="Troll farm">troll farm</a>: "The likely financier of the so-called Internet Research Agency of professional trolls located in Saint Petersburg is a close ally of [Vladimir] <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a> with ties to Russian intelligence," commenting that "they previously were devoted to supporting Russian actions in Ukraine—[and] started to advocate for candidate <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a> as early as December 2015." The agency employed <a href="/wiki/Sock_puppet_account" title="Sock puppet account">fake accounts</a> registered on major <a href="/wiki/Social_networking_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking sites">social networking sites</a>,<a href="#cite_note-F273-5">[5]</a> discussion boards, <a href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">online newspaper</a> sites, and <a href="/wiki/Video_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Video hosting service">video hosting services</a> to promote the Kremlin's interests in <a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Domestic policy of Vladimir Putin">domestic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Foreign policy of Vladimir Putin">foreign policy</a> including <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and the Middle East as well as <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">attempting to influence the 2016 United States presidential election</a>. More than 1,000 employees reportedly worked in a single building of the agency in 2015. The extent to which the agency tried to influence public opinion using social media became better known after a June 2014 <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed_News" title="BuzzFeed News">BuzzFeed News</a> article greatly expanded on government documents published by hackers earlier that year.<a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_02.06.2014-6">[6]</a> The Internet Research Agency gained more attention by June 2015, when one of its offices was reported as having data from fake accounts used for biased <a href="/wiki/Internet_troll" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet troll">Internet trolling</a>. Subsequently, there were news reports of individuals receiving monetary compensation for performing these tasks.<a href="#cite_note-abouttrolls-7">[7]</a> On 16 February 2018, a United States <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> indicted 13 Russian nationals and three Russian entities, including the Internet Research Agency, on charges of violating criminal laws with the intent to interfere "with U.S. elections and political processes", according to the Justice Department.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> On 1 July 2023, it was announced that the Internet Research Agency would be shut down following the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Web_brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Web brigades">Web brigades</a></div> In <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad Oblast</a> in the late 1970s, Vladimir Putin's first KGB post was with the <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%93%D0%91_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="extiw" title="ru:Пятое управление КГБ СССР">5th Department</a>, which countered dissidents with <a href="/wiki/Russian_disinformation" title="Russian disinformation">disinformation</a> using <a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">active measures</a>, and was strongly supported by <a href="/wiki/Filipp_Bobkov" title="Filipp Bobkov">Filipp Bobkov</a> and the head of the KGB <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a>, who believed in "stamping out dissent".<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Revealed on 16 August 2012 in an article by the Russian edition of <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> magazine, the website for the company Medialogia<a href="#cite_note-19">[b]</a> offered a system known as Prisma terminals (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Терминалы «Призма») which, according to Farit Khusnoyarov,<a href="#cite_note-21">[c]</a> Prism could track for the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> in near real time the stand-alone blog platforms and social networks of nearly 60 million sites and could analyze the tone of the statements of each of these sources with a lag of several minutes or given as an estimated error of 2–3% almost in real time. The article called the terminals Volodin's Prism (Russian: Призма Володина) for <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin#Father_of_spy_software" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[d]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Russian_protests" title="2011–2013 Russian protests">Snow revolution</a> following the <a href="/wiki/2011_Russian_legislative_election" title="2011 Russian legislative election">4 December 2011 Russian legislative elections</a>, Volodin actively used his Prism terminal, which he received on the eve of the elections, to counter dissidents in Russia. Others using Prisma include <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Naryshkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Naryshkin">Sergei Naryshkin</a>'s office in the <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a>, senior officials at the Main Center for Communications and Information Security (Russian: Главный центр связи и информационной безопасности) in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)">Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[e]</a> senior officials at <a href="/wiki/Moscow_City_Hall" title="Moscow City Hall">Moscow City Hall</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[f]</a> and employees close to the head of <a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a> <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sechin" title="Igor Sechin">Igor Sechin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes15082012-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chen2015-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[g]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[h]</a> The Internet Research Agency was founded in mid-2013.<a href="#cite_note-UK_05.06.2014-34">[26]</a> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta" title="Novaya Gazeta">Novaya Gazeta</a> newspaper reported that Internet Research Agency Ltd's office was in <a href="/wiki/Olgino" title="Olgino">Olgino</a>, a historic district of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NG_09.09.2013-35">[27]</a> Uncovered by <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_International" title="Anonymous International">Anonymous International</a> and made public in June 2014, <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a> is a strong supporter of the interests of <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Troll_(slang)" title="Troll (slang)">trolls</a> at the Internet Research Agency.<a href="#cite_note-36">[28]</a> The terms "Trolls from Olgino" and "Olgino's trolls" (Russian: "Тролли из Ольгино", "Ольгинские тролли") have become general terms denoting trolls who spread pro-Russian propaganda, not only necessarily those based at the office in Olgino.<a href="#cite_note-LI_04.09.2013-37">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fontanka_29.05.2014-38">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-mr7.ru_30.05.2014-39">[31]</a> Information of the work being conducted at the Agency comes in part from interviews with former employees.<a href="#cite_note-40">[32]</a> In February 2023, <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a>, the head of the private military company <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a>, stated that he founded the IRA: "I’ve never just been the financier of the Internet Research Agency. I invented it, I created it, I managed it for a long time."<a href="#cite_note-Prigozhin-41">[33]</a> The admission came months after Prigozhin had admitted to <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in U.S. elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Prigozhin-41">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizers">Organizers</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategic">Strategic</h3></div> Russian newspaper <a href="/wiki/Vedomosti" title="Vedomosti">Vedomosti</a> links the approved-by-Russian-authorities strategy of public consciousness manipulation through <a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">new media</a> to <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a>, first deputy of the <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Administration_of_Russia" title="Presidential Administration of Russia">Presidential Administration of Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UK_05.06.2014-34">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ved_21.05.2014-42">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tactical">Tactical</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hUze1e0OiM">Why are Russian trolls spreading online hoaxes in the U.S.?</a>, <a href="/wiki/PBS_News_Hour" title="PBS News Hour">PBS News Hour</a> (PBS is funded by member station dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, corporate contributions, pledge drives, foundations and individual citizens.), 8 June 2015<a href="#cite_note-PBS_A-43">[35]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Journalists have written that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexey_Soskovets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexey Soskovets (page does not exist)">Alexey Soskovets</a>, who had participated in the Russian youth political community, was directly connected to the office in Olgino, and that his company, North-Western Service Agency, won 17 or 18 (according to different sources) contracts for organizing celebrations, forums and sport competitions for authorities of Saint Petersburg and that Soskovets' company was the only participant in half of those bids. In mid-2013 the agency won a tender for providing freight services for participants of <a href="/wiki/Seliger_(forum)" title="Seliger (forum)">Seliger</a> camp.<a href="#cite_note-NG_09.09.2013-35">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-mr7.ru_04.09.2013-44">[36]</a> In 2014, according to Russian media, Internet Research Ltd. (Russian: «Интернет исследования») was founded in March 2014, and joined IRA's activity. The newspaper <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta" title="Novaya Gazeta">Novaya Gazeta</a> reported that this company is a successor of Internet Research Agency Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-NG_11.03.2015-45">[37]</a> Internet Research Ltd. is considered to be linked to <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a>, head of the holding company <a href="/wiki/Concord_Management_and_Consulting" title="Concord Management and Consulting">Concord Management and Consulting</a>. The "Trolls of Olgino" are considered to be his project. As of October 2014, the company belonged to Mikhail Bystrov, who had been the head of the police station at <a href="/wiki/Moskovsky_District,_Saint_Petersburg" title="Moskovsky District, Saint Petersburg">Moscow district of Saint Petersburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LI_28.10.2014-46">[38]</a> Russian media point out that according to documents, published by hackers from <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_International" title="Anonymous International">Anonymous International</a>, Concord Management is directly involved with trolling administration through the agency. Researchers cite e-mail correspondence, in which Concord Management gives instructions to trolls and receives reports on accomplished work.<a href="#cite_note-Fontanka_29.05.2014-38">[30]</a> According to journalists, Concord Management organized banquets in the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Kremlin">Kremlin</a> and also cooperated with Voentorg and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Russian Ministry of Defence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[39]</a> Despite links to Alexei Soskovets, Nadejda Orlova, deputy head of the Committee for Youth Policy in Saint Petersburg, disputed a connection between her institution and the trolling offices.<a href="#cite_note-NG_09.09.2013-35">[27]</a> Finnish journalist <a href="/wiki/Jessikka_Aro" title="Jessikka Aro">Jessikka Aro</a>, who reported extensively on the pro-Russian trolling activities in Finland, was targeted by an organized campaign of hate, disinformation and harassment.<a href="#cite_note-48">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offices">Offices</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saint_Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2013:_131_Primorskoye_Shosse,_Olgino,_Saint_Petersburg">2013: 131 Primorskoye Shosse, Olgino, Saint Petersburg</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Internet_Research_Agency&params=59_59_42.7_N_30_07_49.7_E_">59°59′42.7″N 30°07′49.7″E / 59.995194°N 30.130472°E / 59.995194; 30.130472</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:55_Savushkina_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/55_Savushkina_Street.jpg/330px-55_Savushkina_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/55_Savushkina_Street.jpg/500px-55_Savushkina_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/55_Savushkina_Street.jpg/960px-55_Savushkina_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>One of the offices at 55 Savushkina Street in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia</figcaption></figure> As reported by Novaya Gazeta, in the end of August 2013, the following message appeared in social networks: "Internet operators wanted! Job at chic office in <a href="/wiki/Olgino" title="Olgino">Olgino</a>!!! (st. Staraya Derevnia), salary 25960 per month (USD$780 as of 2013). Task: posting comments at profile sites in the Internet, writing thematic posts, blogs, social networks. Reports via screenshots. Individual schedule [...] Payment every week, 1180 per shift (from 8.00 to 16.00, from 10.30 to 18.30, from 14.00 to 22.00). PAYMENTS EVERY WEEK AND FREE MEALS!!! Official job placement or according to contract (at will). Tuition possible."<a href="#cite_note-NG_09.09.2013-35">[27]</a> As reported by media and former employees, the office in <a href="/wiki/Olgino" title="Olgino">Olgino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primorsky_District,_Saint_Petersburg" title="Primorsky District, Saint Petersburg">Primorskiy district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Peterburg</a> had existed and had been functioning since September 2013. It was situated in a white cottage,<a href="#cite_note-LI_04.09.2013-37">[29]</a> 15 minutes by an underground railway from <a href="/wiki/Staraya_Derevnya_(Saint_Petersburg_Metro)" title="Staraya Derevnya (Saint Petersburg Metro)">Staraya Derevnia</a> station, opposite Olgino railway station.<a href="#cite_note-NG_09.09.2013-35">[27]</a> Workplaces for troll-employees were placed in basement rooms.<a href="#cite_note-mr7.ru_04.09.2013-44">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kh97_09.09.2014-51">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014:_55_Ulitsa_Savushkina_(Street),_Saint_Petersburg">2014: 55 Ulitsa Savushkina (Street), Saint Petersburg</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Internet_Research_Agency&params=59_59_03.5_N_30_16_19.1_E_">59°59′03.5″N 30°16′19.1″E / 59.984306°N 30.271972°E / 59.984306; 30.271972</a> According to Russian online newspaper <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Деловой Петербург">DP.ru</a>, several months before October 2014 the office moved from Olgino to a four-story building at 55 Savushkina Street, <a href="/wiki/Primorsky_District,_Saint_Petersburg" title="Primorsky District, Saint Petersburg">Primorskiy district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Peterburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LI_28.10.2014-46">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-DP.Ru_28.10.2014-57">[49]</a> As reported by journalists, the building is officially an uncompleted construction and stayed as such as of March 2015.<a href="#cite_note-NG_11.03.2015-45">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[51]</a> A <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a> investigative reporter was told that the Internet Research Agency had shortened its name to "Internet Research," and as of June 2015 had been asked to leave the 55 Savushkina Street location "a couple of months ago" because "it was giving the entire building a bad reputation." A possibly related organization, FAN or Federal News Agency, was located in the building. The New York Times article describes various experiences reported by former employees of the Internet Research Agency at the Savushkina Street location. It also describes several disruptive hoaxes in the US and Europe, such as the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_Chemicals_Plant_explosion_hoax" title="Columbian Chemicals Plant explosion hoax">Columbian Chemicals Plant explosion hoax</a>, that may be attributable to the Internet Research Agency or similar Russian-based organizations.<a href="#cite_note-Chen2015-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1_February_2018:_Optikov_street,_4,_building_3,_Lakhta-2_business_center,_Lakhta,_Saint_Petersburg">1 February 2018: Optikov street, 4, building 3, Lakhta-2 business center, Lakhta, Saint Petersburg</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Internet_Research_Agency&params=59_59_41.5068_N_30_14_44.4588_E_">59°59′41.5068″N 30°14′44.4588″E / 59.994863000°N 30.245683000°E / 59.994863000; 30.245683000</a> Reported by the Russian online newspaper <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Деловой Петербург">DP.ru</a> in December 2017, the office moved from the four-story building at 55 Savushkina Street to <a href="/wiki/Lakhta,_Saint_Petersburg" title="Lakhta, Saint Petersburg">Lakhta</a> on four floors at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optikov_street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optikov street (page does not exist)">Optikov street</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_(%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3)" class="extiw" title="ru:Улица Оптиков (Санкт-Петербург)">ru</a>], 4 building 3 (Russian: Санкт-Петербург: улица Оптикова, 4 корпус 3) near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Staroderevenskaya_street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staroderevenskaya street (page does not exist)">Staroderevenskaya street</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Стародеревенская улица">ru</a>] (Russian: Стародеревенская улица) in the Lakhta-2 business center (Russian: «Лахта-2») on 1 February 2018.<a href="#cite_note-DPru29122017-60">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-RBC30122017-61">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Svoboda06032018-62">[54]</a> Beginning in February 2018, they were also known as the "Lakhta Trolls" (Russian: Лахта Тролли).<a href="#cite_note-DPru29122017-60">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_locations_and_associated_groups">Other locations and associated groups</h3></div> Novaya Gazeta reported that, according to Alexey Soskovets, head of the office in Olgino, North-Western Service Agency was hiring employees for similar projects in Moscow and other cities in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-NG_09.09.2013-35">[27]</a> In 2024 an investigation by several media outlets revealed documents leaked from "Agency of Social Design" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Агентство Социального Проектированиа) which played a key role in a series of mass-scale disinformation campaigns, producing nearly 40'000 content units (memes, images, comments) over 4 months, used in specific campaigns targeted at governments of France, Poland, Germany and Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-63">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work_organization">Work organization</h2></div> More than 1,000 paid bloggers and commenters reportedly worked only in a single building at Savushkina Street in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-65">[57]</a> Many other employees work remotely. According to BuzzFeed News, more than 600 people were generally employed in the trolls' office earlier, in June 2014.<a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_02.06.2014-6">[6]</a> Each commentator has a daily quota of 100 comments.<a href="#cite_note-NG_09.09.2013-35">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[58]</a> Trolls took shifts writing mainly in blogs on <a href="/wiki/LiveJournal" title="LiveJournal">LiveJournal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vkontakte" class="mw-redirect" title="Vkontakte">Vkontakte</a>, about subjects along the propaganda lines assigned. Included among the employees are artists who draw political cartoons.<a href="#cite_note-NG_11.03.2015-45">[37]</a> They work for 12 hours every other two days. A blogger's quota is ten posts per shift, each post at least 750 characters. A commenter's norm is 126 comments and two posts per account. Each blogger is in charge of three accounts.<a href="#cite_note-LI_28.10.2014-46">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-DP.Ru_28.10.2014-57">[49]</a> Employees at the Olgino office earned 25,000 <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian rubles</a> per month (at the time roughly US$651.41); those at the Savushkina Street office earned approximately 40,000 Russian rubles.<a href="#cite_note-LI_28.10.2014-46">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-DP.Ru_28.10.2014-57">[49]</a> In May 2014, Fontanka.ru described schemes for plundering the federal budget, intended to go toward the trolling organization.<a href="#cite_note-Fontanka_29.05.2014-38">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-UK_05.06.2014-34">[26]</a> In 2017 another whistleblower said that with bonuses and long working hours the salary can reach 80,000 rubles.<a href="#cite_note-67">[59]</a> An employee interviewed by <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> described the work: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I immediately felt like a character in the book <a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">1984</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a> — a place where you have to write that white is black and black is white. Your first feeling, when you ended up there, was that you were in some kind of factory that turned lying, telling untruths, into an industrial assembly line.<a href="#cite_note-Orwell-68">[60]</a></blockquote> According to a 2018 Kommersant article, Yaroslov Ignatovsky (Russian: Ярослав Ринатович Игнатовский; born 1983, Leningrad) heads Politgen (Russian: "Политген") and is a political strategist that has coordinated the trolls' efforts for Prigozhin.<a href="#cite_note-Kommersant20042018-69">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trolling_themes">Trolling themes</h2></div> According to the testimonies of the investigative journalists and former employees of the offices, the main topics for posts included:<a href="#cite_note-NG_09.09.2013-35">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-mr7.ru_30.05.2014-39">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-LI_28.10.2014-46">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-DP.Ru_28.10.2014-57">[49]</a> <ul><li>Criticism of <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexei Navalny</a>, his sponsors, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian opposition">Russian opposition</a> in general;<a href="#cite_note-NG_11.03.2015-45">[37]</a></li> <li>Criticism of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>'s and the United States' foreign policies, and of the top politicians of these states;</li> <li>Praise for <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> and the policy of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>;</li> <li>Praise for and defense of <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[64]</a></li></ul> The IRA has also leveraged trolls to erode trust in American political and media institutions and showcase certain politicians as incompetent.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> Journalists have written that themes of trolling were consistent with those of other <a href="/wiki/Russian_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian propaganda">Russian propaganda</a> outlets in topics and timing. Technical points used by trolls were taken mainly from content disseminated by <a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT</a> (formerly Russia Today).<a href="#cite_note-NG_11.03.2015-45">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-DP.Ru_28.10.2014-57">[49]</a> A 2015 <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> investigation identified the Olgino factory as the most likely producer of a September 2015 "Saiga 410K review"<a href="#cite_note-73">[65]</a> video where an actor posing as a U.S. soldier shoots at a book that turns out to be a <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, which sparked outrage. BBC News found among other irregularities that the soldier's uniform is not used by the U.S. military and is easily purchased in Russia, and that the actor filmed was most likely a bartender from Saint Petersburg related to a troll factory employee.<a href="#cite_note-74">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[67]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Citizen-journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen-journalism">citizen-journalism</a> site <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Higgins#Bellingcat" title="Eliot Higgins">Bellingcat</a> identified the team from Olgino as the real authors of a video attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Azov_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Battalion">Azov Battalion</a> in which masked soldiers threaten <a href="/wiki/The_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands">the Netherlands</a> for organizing the <a href="/wiki/2016_Dutch_Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement_referendum" title="2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum">referendum</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement">Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organized_anti-Ukrainian_campaign">Organized anti-Ukrainian campaign</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Russian information war against Ukraine</a></div> In the beginning of April 2014 there began an organized online campaign to shift <a href="/wiki/Public_opinion" title="Public opinion">public opinion</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Western countries">Western world</a> in a way that would be useful for Russian authorities regarding the <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Russian_military_intervention_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2014–15 Russian military intervention in Ukraine">Russian military intervention in Ukraine in 2014</a>. Hacked and leaked documents from that time contain instructions for commenters posting at the websites of <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News</a>, <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">The Huffington Post</a>, <a href="/wiki/TheBlaze" class="mw-redirect" title="TheBlaze">TheBlaze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a>. The requirement for the working hours for the trolls is also mentioned: 50 comments under news articles per day. Each blogger had to manage six accounts on Facebook, post at least three posts every day, and participate twice in the group discussions. Other employees had to manage 10 accounts on Twitter, publishing 50 tweets every day. Journalists concluded that Igor Osadchiy was a probable leader of the project, and the campaign itself was run by Internet Research Agency Ltd. Osadchiy denied his connection to the agency.<a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_02.06.2014-6">[6]</a> The company was also one of the main sponsors of an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">anti-Western</a> exhibition <a href="/wiki/Material_Evidence" title="Material Evidence">Material Evidence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[69]</a> In the beginning of 2016, Ukraine's state-owned news agency <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a> claimed to expose a system of <a href="/wiki/Internet_bot" title="Internet bot">bots</a> in social networks, which called for violence against the Ukrainian government and for starting "The Third Maidan".<a href="#cite_note-78">[i]</a> They reported that the organizer of this system is the former anti-Ukrainian combatant Sergiy Zhuk from <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a>. He allegedly performed his Internet activity from <a href="/wiki/Vnukovo_District" title="Vnukovo District">Vnukovo District</a> in Moscow.<a href="#cite_note-79">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign">Foreign</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency_Indictment" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Internet Research Agency Indictment">Internet Research Agency Indictment</a></div></div></div> </div> In March 2014, the Polish edition of <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> expressed suspicion that Russia was employing people to "bombard" its website with pro-Russian comments on Ukraine-related articles.<a href="#cite_note-NWPL140304-80">[71]</a> Poland's governmental <a href="/wiki/Computer_emergency_response_team" title="Computer emergency response team">computer emergency response team</a> later confirmed that pro-Russia commentary had flooded Polish Internet portals at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JT150429-81">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-JT150429-2-82">[73]</a> German-language media websites were also flooded with pro-Russia comments in the spring of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Spiegel140530-83">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-SDZ140613-84">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-NZZ140629-85">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reut141125-86">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP161228-87">[78]</a> In late May 2014, the hacker group <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_International" title="Anonymous International">Anonymous International</a> began publishing documents received from hacked emails of Internet Research Agency managers.<a href="#cite_note-UK_05.06.2014-34">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-mr7.ru_30.05.2014-39">[31]</a> In May–June 2014, Internet trolls invaded news media sites and massively posted pro-Russian comments in broken English.<a href="#cite_note-88">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-UK_05.06.2014-34">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-gn140504-89">[80]</a> In March 2015 a service enabling censorship of sources of anti-Ukrainian propaganda in social networks inside Ukraine was launched.<a href="#cite_note-90">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[82]</a> The United States Justice Department announced the indictment on 16 February 2018, of the Internet Research Agency while also naming more than a dozen individual suspects who allegedly worked there as part of the <a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">special counsel's investigation</a> into criminal interference with the 2016 election.<a href="#cite_note-92">[83]</a> r== Assessments == Russian bloggers <a href="/wiki/Anton_Nosik" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton Nosik">Anton Nosik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rustem_Adagamov" title="Rustem Adagamov">Rustem Adagamov</a>, and Dmitriy Aleshkovskiy have said that paid Internet-trolls don't change public opinion. Their usage is just a way to steal budget money.<a href="#cite_note-Fontanka_29.05.2014-38">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-UK_05.06.2014-34">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-mr7.ru_30.05.2014-39">[31]</a> Leonid Volkov, a politician working for <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexei Navalny</a>'s Anti-Corruption Foundation, suggests that the point of sponsoring paid Internet trolling is to make the Internet so distasteful that ordinary people are not willing to participate.<a href="#cite_note-Chen2015-4">[4]</a> According to a 2019 report by <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> researchers including sociologist <a href="/wiki/Philip_N._Howard" title="Philip N. Howard">Philip N. Howard</a>, social media played a major role in political polarization in the United States, due to <a href="/wiki/Computational_propaganda" title="Computational propaganda">computational propaganda</a> – "the use of automation, algorithms, and big-data analytics to manipulate public life"—such as the spread of fake news and conspiracy theories. The researchers highlighted the role of the Russian Internet Research Agency in attempts to undermine democracy in the US and exacerbate existing political divisions. The most prominent methods of misinformation were "organic posting, not advertisements", and influence operation activity increased after the 2016 and was not limited to the 2016 election.<a href="#cite_note-:5-93">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[85]</a> Examples of efforts included "campaigning for African American voters to boycott elections or follow the wrong voting procedures in 2016", "encouraging extreme right-wing voters to be more confrontational", and "spreading sensationalist, conspiratorial, and other forms of junk political news and misinformation to voters across the political spectrum."<a href="#cite_note-:5-93">[84]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Political_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political scientist">political scientist</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rid" title="Thomas Rid">Thomas Rid</a> has said that the IRA was the least effective of all Russia's interference campaigns in the 2016 U.S. election, despite its outsized press coverage, and that it made no measurable impact on American voters.<a href="#cite_note-Rid-95">[86]</a> A study published in <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> in 2023 found "no evidence of a meaningful relationship between exposure to the Russian foreign influence campaign and changes in attitudes, polarization, or voting behavior".<a href="#cite_note-96">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_activities_of_organizers">Additional activities of organizers</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a></div> Based on the documents published by Anonymous International, <a href="/wiki/Concord_Management_and_Consulting" title="Concord Management and Consulting">Concord Management and Consulting</a> was linked to the funding of several media outlets in Ukraine and Russia, including Kharkiv News Agency,<a href="#cite_note-mr7.ru_30.05.2014-39">[31]</a> News of Neva, Newspaper About Newspapers, Business Dialog, and Journalist Truth.<a href="#cite_note-Fontanka_29.05.2014-38">[30]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Columbian_Chemicals_Plant_explosion_hoax" title="Columbian Chemicals Plant explosion hoax">Columbian Chemicals Plant explosion hoax</a> of 11 September 2014, which claimed an explosion had taken place at a <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemical</a> plant in <a href="/wiki/Centerville,_St._Mary_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Centerville, St. Mary Parish, Louisiana">Centerville</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Mary_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Mary Parish, Louisiana">St. Mary Parish</a>, Louisiana, has been attributed in June 2015, by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>, as "a highly coordinated <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> campaign" and that the "virtual assault" was the work of the Internet Research Agency.<a href="#cite_note-Chen2015-4">[4]</a> Three months later, the same accounts posted false messages on Twitter about an <a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a> outbreak in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> under the keyword #EbolaInAtlanta, quickly relayed and picked up by users living in the city. A video was then posted on YouTube, showing a medical team treating an alleged Ebola victim at Atlanta Airport. On the same day, a different group launched a rumor on Twitter under the keyword #shockingmurderinatlanta, reporting the death of a disarmed black woman shot by police. Again, a blurry and poorly filmed video is broadcast to support the rumor.<a href="#cite_note-97">[88]</a> Between July 2014 and September 2017, the IRA used bots and trolls on Twitter <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_controversies" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccine controversies">to sow discord about the safety of vaccines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WeaponizedHealthCommunication-98">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[90]</a> The campaign used sophisticated Twitter bots to amplify highly polarizing pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine messages containing the hashtag #VaccinateUS.<a href="#cite_note-WeaponizedHealthCommunication-98">[89]</a> In November 2017, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> cited a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> study which found that hundreds of IRA accounts were also trying to influence UK politics by tweeting about Brexit.<a href="#cite_note-100">[91]</a> In September 2017 Facebook said that ads had been "geographically targeted".<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-101">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-rferl.org-102">[93]</a> Facebook revealed that during the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a>, IRA had purchased advertisements on the website for US$100,000, 25% of which were geographically targeted to the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-103">[94]</a> Facebook's chief security officer said that the ads "appeared to focus on amplifying divisive social and political messages across the ideological spectrum".<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-101">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-rferl.org-102">[93]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">In reviewing the ads buys, we have found approximately $100,000 in ad spending from June of 2015 to May of 2017 – associated with roughly 3,000 ads – that was connected to about 470 inauthentic accounts and Pages in violation of our policies. Our analysis suggests these accounts and Pages were affiliated with one another and likely operated out of Russia.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Facebook's chief security officer <a href="/wiki/Alex_Stamos" title="Alex Stamos">Alex Stamos</a>, September 6, 2017, <a href="#cite_note-104">[95]</a></cite></div></blockquote> According to a 17 October 2017 BuzzFeed News report, IRA recruited four African-American activists into taking real action via protests and self-defense training in what would seem to be a further attempt to exploit racial grievances.<a href="#cite_note-105">[96]</a> According to reporting by Vanity Fair, up until that point, most known efforts had been aimed at "weaponizing the far-right".<a href="#cite_note-106">[97]</a> A December 2018 report by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> based on U.S. Senate data noted that the Internet Research Agency had created 81 Facebook pages around the time of the 2016 election. Of these, 30 pages specifically targeted African-Americans, attracting a total of 1.2 million followers. During the same time period, it had created 25 pages targeting right-wing audiences, and these had attracted a total of 1.4 million followers.<a href="#cite_note-:1-107">[98]</a> According to The New York Times,<a href="#cite_note-:1-107">[98]</a> <blockquote>While the right-wing pages promoted Mr. Trump’s candidacy, the left-wing pages scorned Mrs. Clinton while promoting Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont and Jill Stein, the Green Party candidate. The voter suppression effort was focused particularly on Sanders supporters and African-Americans, urging them to shun Mrs. Clinton in the general election and either vote for Ms. Stein or stay home.</blockquote>Once the election was concluded, the IRA posted messages mocking accusations of Russian interference, with one post reading: “You’ve lost and don’t know what to do? Just blame it on Russian hackers.”<a href="#cite_note-:1-107">[98]</a> On 16 February 2018, the Internet Research Agency, along with 13 Russian individuals and two other Russian organizations, was indicted following an investigation by Special Counsel <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a> with charges stemming from "impairing, obstructing, and defeating the lawful functions of government."<a href="#cite_note-guard021618-108">[99]</a> On 23 March 2018, <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a> revealed new details about IRA gathered from leaked internal documents,<a href="#cite_note-LeakedIRADocumentsDailyBeast20180301-109">[100]</a> which showed that IRA used <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a> as part of its influence campaign.<a href="#cite_note-110">[101]</a> On the same day, Tumblr announced that they had banned 84 accounts linked to IRA, saying that they had spread misinformation through conventional postings rather than advertisements.<a href="#cite_note-111">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[103]</a> In October 2018 the US Justice Department filed charges against Russian accountant <a href="/wiki/Elena_Khusyaynova" title="Elena Khusyaynova">Elena Khusyaynova</a> for working with the IRA to influence not only the 2016 elections but also the upcoming 2018 midterm elections<a href="#cite_note-113">[104]</a> As of February 2024, Khusyaynova has not been apprehended, according to the <a href="/wiki/Rewards_for_Justice_Program" title="Rewards for Justice Program">Rewards for Justice Program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rallies_and_protests_organized_by_IRA_in_the_United_States">Rallies and protests organized by IRA in the United States</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Russia and Black Lives Matter">Russia and Black Lives Matter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Moore_at_the_march_against_Trump,_New_York_City_(30914156636).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Michael_Moore_at_the_march_against_Trump%2C_New_York_City_%2830914156636%29.jpg/250px-Michael_Moore_at_the_march_against_Trump%2C_New_York_City_%2830914156636%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Michael_Moore_at_the_march_against_Trump%2C_New_York_City_%2830914156636%29.jpg/330px-Michael_Moore_at_the_march_against_Trump%2C_New_York_City_%2830914156636%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Michael_Moore_at_the_march_against_Trump%2C_New_York_City_%2830914156636%29.jpg/500px-Michael_Moore_at_the_march_against_Trump%2C_New_York_City_%2830914156636%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4597" data-file-height="3045" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Michael Moore</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">anti-Trump rally</a> in New York City, 12 November 2016, which was allegedly organized by a Russian group<a href="#cite_note-115">[106]</a></figcaption></figure> On 4 April 2016, a rally in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a> protested the death of India Cummings, a black woman who had recently died in police custody. IRA's "Blacktivist" Facebook account actively promoted the event and reached out directly to local activists on Facebook Messenger asking them to circulate petitions and print. "Blacktivist" supplied the petitions and poster artwork.<a href="#cite_note-LeakedIRADocumentsDailyBeast20180301-109">[100]</a> On 16 April 2016, a rally protesting the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Freddie Gray">death of Freddie Gray</a> attracted large crowds in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>. IRA's "Blacktivist" Facebook group promoted and organized the event, including reaching out to local activists.<a href="#cite_note-Levin-116">[107]</a> On 23 April 2016, a small group of white-power demonstrators held a rally they called "Rock Stone Mountain" at <a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain" title="Stone Mountain">Stone Mountain</a> Park near <a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain,_Georgia" title="Stone Mountain, Georgia">Stone Mountain, Georgia</a>. They were confronted by a large group of anti-racist counterprotestors, and some violent clashes ensued. The protest was heavily promoted by IRA accounts on <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a>, Twitter, and Facebook, and the IRA website blackmatters.com. The IRA used its Blacktivist Facebook account to reach out, to no avail, to activist and academic Barbara Williams Emerson, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Hosea_Williams" title="Hosea Williams">Hosea Williams</a>, to help promote the protests. Afterward, <a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT</a> blamed anti-racists for violence and promoted two videos shot at the event.<a href="#cite_note-LeakedIRADocumentsDailyBeast20180301-109">[100]</a> On 2 May 2016, a second rally was held in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, protesting the death of India Cummings. Like the 4 April rally, the event was heavily promoted by IRA's "Blacktivist" Facebook account, including attempted outreach to local activists.<a href="#cite_note-LeakedIRADocumentsDailyBeast20180301-109">[100]</a> On 21 May 2016, two competing rallies were held in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> to alternately protest against and defend the recently opened Library of Islamic Knowledge at the <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Houston" title="Islam in Houston">Islamic Da'wah Center</a>. The "Stop Islamization of Texas" rally was organized by the Facebook group "Heart of Texas". The posting for the event encouraged participants to bring guns. A spokesman for the group conversed with the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Press" title="Houston Press">Houston Press</a> via email but declined to give a name. The other rally, "Save Islamic Knowledge", was organized by another Facebook group called "United Muslims of America" for the same time and location. Both Facebook groups were later revealed to be IRA accounts.<a href="#cite_note-Malisow-117">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FacebookPhonyEventsWapo20180125-118">[109]</a> On 25 May 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Westboro_Baptist_Church" title="Westboro Baptist Church">Westboro Baptist Church</a> held its annual protest of <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_High_School_(Kansas)" title="Lawrence High School (Kansas)">Lawrence High School</a> graduation ceremonies in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas" title="Lawrence, Kansas">Lawrence, Kansas</a>. The "LGBT United" Facebook group organized a counter protest to confront the Westboro Baptist Church protest, including by placing an ad on Facebook and contacting local people. About a dozen counter showed up. Lawrence High School students did not participate in the counter protest because they were skeptical of the counter protest organizers. "LGBT United" was an IRA account that appears to have been created specifically for this event.<a href="#cite_note-119">[110]</a> "LGBT United" organized a candlelight vigil on 25 June 2016, for the <a href="/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting" title="Pulse nightclub shooting">Pulse nightclub shooting</a> victims in <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WhatRusiaReallyWantsNationalReview20171031-120">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-FacebookRussiaAdsNYT20171002-121">[112]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philando_Castile_March_-_St._Paul,_Minnesota_(28101558012).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Philando_Castile_March_-_St._Paul%2C_Minnesota_%2828101558012%29.jpg/250px-Philando_Castile_March_-_St._Paul%2C_Minnesota_%2828101558012%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Philando_Castile_March_-_St._Paul%2C_Minnesota_%2828101558012%29.jpg/330px-Philando_Castile_March_-_St._Paul%2C_Minnesota_%2828101558012%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Philando_Castile_March_-_St._Paul%2C_Minnesota_%2828101558012%29.jpg/500px-Philando_Castile_March_-_St._Paul%2C_Minnesota_%2828101558012%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3601" /></a><figcaption>A protest in response to the <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Philando_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Philando Castile">Philando Castile shooting</a> in July 2016</figcaption></figure> IRA's "Don't Shoot" Facebook group and affiliated "Don't Shoot Us" website tried to organize a protest outside <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul, Minnesota</a> police headquarters on 10 July 2016, in response to the 6 July fatal police <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Philando_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Philando Castile">shooting of Philando Castile</a>. Some local activists became suspicious of the motives behind the event because St. Paul police were not involved in the shooting. Castille had been shot by a <a href="/wiki/St._Anthony,_Minnesota" title="St. Anthony, Minnesota">St. Anthony</a> police officer in nearby <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heights,_Minnesota" title="Falcon Heights, Minnesota">Falcon Heights</a>. Local activists contacted "Don't Shoot." After being pressed on who they were and who supported them, "Don't Shoot" agreed to move the protest to St. Anthony police headquarters. The concerned local activists investigated further and urged not to participate after deciding "Don't Shoot" was a "total troll job." "Don't Shoot" organizers eventually relinquished control of the event to local organizers, who subsequently declined to accept any money offered by "Don't Shoot" to cover expenses.<a href="#cite_note-122">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[114]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> protest rally was held in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> on 10 July 2016. A "Blue Lives Matter" counter protest was held across the street. The "Blue Lives Matter" protest was organized by the "Heart of Texas" Facebook group controlled by the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-RussiaOrganizeProtestsVanityFair20171020-124">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-WhatRusiaReallyWantsNationalReview20171031-120">[111]</a> The Blacktivist Facebook group organized a rally in Chicago to honor <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Bland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandra Bland">Sandra Bland</a> on 16 July 2016, the first anniversary of her death. The rally was held in front of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago Police Department</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Homan_Square_facility" title="Homan Square facility">Homan Square facility</a>. They passed around petitions calling for a Civilian Police Accountability Council ordinance.<a href="#cite_note-125">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[117]</a> 17 "Florida Goes Trump" rallies were held across Florida on 25 August 2016. The rallies were organized by IRA using their "Being Patriotic" Facebook group and "march_for_trump" Twitter account.<a href="#cite_note-Russians17TrumpRalliesDailyBeast20170920-127">[118]</a> The "SecuredBorders" Facebook group organized the "Citizens before refugees" protest rally on 27 August 2016, at the City Council Chambers in <a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls, Idaho">Twin Falls, Idaho</a>. Only a small number of people showed up for the three-hour event, most likely because it was Saturday and the Chambers were closed. "SecureBorders" was an IRA account.<a href="#cite_note-128">[119]</a> The "Safe Space for Muslim Neighborhood" rally was held outside the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> on 3 September 2016. At least 57 people attended the event organized by the IRA's "United Muslims of America" Facebook group.<a href="#cite_note-RussiansImpersonatedMuslims20170927-129">[120]</a> "BlackMattersUS", an IRA website, recruited activists to participate in protests on the days immediately following 20 September 2016, police <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Keith Lamont Scott">shooting of Keith Lamont Scott</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>. The IRA paid for expenses such as microphones and speakers.<a href="#cite_note-AmericansTrickedByRussiaBuzzFeedNews20171017-130">[121]</a> The "Miners for Trump" rallies held in Pennsylvania on 2 October 2016, were organized by IRA's "Being Patriotic" Facebook group.<a href="#cite_note-Russians17TrumpRalliesDailyBeast20170920-127">[118]</a> The IRA ran its most popular ad on Facebook on 19 October 2016. The ad was for the IRA's Back the Badge Facebook group and showed a badge with the words "Back the Badge" in front of police lights under the caption "Community of people who support our brave Police Officers."<a href="#cite_note-131">[122]</a> A large rally was held in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>, on 22 October 2016, protesting the police <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Keith Lamont Scott">shooting of Keith Lamont Scott</a>. BlackMattersUS recruited unwitting local activists to organize the rally.<a href="#cite_note-132">[123]</a> BlackMattersUS provided one activist with a bank card to pay for rally expenses.<a href="#cite_note-AmericansTrickedByRussiaBuzzFeedNews20171017-130">[121]</a> Anti-<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> "Texit" rallies were held across Texas on 5 November 2016. The "Heart of Texas" Facebook group organized the rallies around the theme of <a href="/wiki/Texas_secession_movements" title="Texas secession movements">Texas seceding</a> from the United States if Hillary Clinton is elected. The group contacted the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Nationalist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Nationalist Movement">Texas Nationalist Movement</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Secessionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Secessionist">secessionist</a> organization, to help with organizing efforts, but they declined to help. Small rallies were held in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Worth">Fort Worth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>, and other cities. No one attended the <a href="/wiki/Lubbock" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubbock">Lubbock</a> rally.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-133">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-everythinglubbock.com-134">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[126]</a> A Trump protest called "Trump is NOT my President" attracted 5,000 to 10,000 in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> on 12 November 2016. Marched from <a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square</a> to <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a>. The protest was organized by BlackMattersUS.<a href="#cite_note-136">[127]</a> The IRA's "United Muslims of America" Facebook group organized the "Make peace, not war!" protest on 3 June 2017, outside <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a> in New York City. It is unclear whether anyone attended this protest or instead attended the "March for Truth" affiliated protest held on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-RussiansImpersonatedMuslims20170927-129">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-137">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lawsuit">Lawsuit</h2></div> In May 2015, a trolling company employee Lyudmila Savchuk in Saint Petersburg sued her employer for labor violations,<a href="#cite_note-139">[130]</a> seeking to disclose its activities. <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov_(lawyer)" title="Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)">Ivan Pavlov</a> from human rights defending initiative Team 29 represented Savchuk, and the defendant "troll-factory" agreed to pay Savchuk her withheld salaries and to restore her job.<a href="#cite_note-140">[131]</a> Savchuk later described extreme psychological pressure at the work place, with jokes circulating among employees that "one can remain sane in the factory for two months maximum", as result of constant switching between different personalities that the workers are expected to design and maintain during work time.<a href="#cite_note-141">[132]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">The realization that you can invent any fact, then watch it absolutely synchronized with the media outlets as one massive information outflow and spread worldwide – that absolutely breaks your psyche<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Lyudmila Savchuk, Polygraph, "Working in Russian Troll Factory Pushed Reporter to ‘Edge of Insanity'", 2018</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indictments">Indictments</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation#Criminal_charges" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation § Criminal charges</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_Research_Agency_Indictment_Feb_2018_with_text.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Internet_Research_Agency_Indictment_Feb_2018_with_text.pdf/page1-220px-Internet_Research_Agency_Indictment_Feb_2018_with_text.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Internet_Research_Agency_Indictment_Feb_2018_with_text.pdf/page1-330px-Internet_Research_Agency_Indictment_Feb_2018_with_text.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Internet_Research_Agency_Indictment_Feb_2018_with_text.pdf/page1-440px-Internet_Research_Agency_Indictment_Feb_2018_with_text.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Indictment for interfering in the 2016 U.S. elections</figcaption></figure> On 16 February 2018, 13 individuals were indicted by the Washington, D.C. <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> for alleged illegal interference in the 2016 presidential elections, during which they strongly supported the candidacy of Donald Trump, <a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">according to special counsel Robert Mueller's office</a>. IRA, <a href="/wiki/Concord_Management_and_Consulting" title="Concord Management and Consulting">Concord Management</a> and Concord Catering were also indicted. It was alleged that IRA was controlled by <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a>, a wealthy associate of Russian President Vladimir Putin.<a href="#cite_note-Guard-142">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-indictment-143">[134]</a> The indicted individuals are Dzheykhun Nasimi Ogly Aslanov, Anna Vladislavovna Bogacheva, Maria Anatolyevna Bovda, Robert Sergeyevich Bovda, Mikhail Leonidovich Burchik, Mikhail Ivanovich Bystrov, Irina Viktorovna Kaverzina, Aleksandra Yuryevna Krylova, Vadim Vladimirovich Podkopaev, Sergey Pavlovich Polozov, Yevgeny Viktorovich Prigozhin, Gleb Igorevitch Vasilchenko, and Vladimir Venkov.<a href="#cite_note-indictment-143">[134]</a> All of the defendants are charged with <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_to_defraud_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy to defraud the United States">conspiracy to defraud the United States</a>, 3 are charged with conspiracy to commit <a href="/wiki/Wire_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire fraud">wire fraud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bank_fraud" title="Bank fraud">bank fraud</a>, and 5 defendants are charged with aggravated <a href="/wiki/Identity_theft" title="Identity theft">identity theft</a>. None of the defendants are in custody.<a href="#cite_note-144">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[j]</a> On 15 March, President Trump imposed financial sanctions under the <a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act</a> on the 13 Russian and organizations indicted by Mueller,<a href="#cite_note-149">[139]</a> preventing them from entering the United States to answer the charges should they wish to. In October 2018 Russian accountant <a href="/wiki/Elena_Khusyaynova" title="Elena Khusyaynova">Elena Khusyaynova</a> was charged with interference in the 2016 and 2018 US elections. She is alleged to have been working with the IRA. She was said to have managed a $16 million budget.<a href="#cite_note-150">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_the_Internet_Research_Agency_interference_in_United_States_elections">Timeline of the Internet Research Agency interference in United States elections</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014">2014</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a></div> <ul><li>April: The IRA creates a department called the "translator project". The department's focus is on interfering in the U.S. election.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>May: The IRA begins its election interference campaign of "spread[ing] distrust towards the candidates and the political system in general."<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>4–26 June: Aleksandra Krylova and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Bogacheva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Bogacheva (page does not exist)">Anna Bogacheva</a>, two IRA employees, travel to the U.S. to collect intelligence. Maria Bovda, a third employee, is denied a visa.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a> All three are indicted in February 2018 for their work on election interference.<a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>11 September: The IRA spreads <a href="/wiki/Columbian_Chemicals_Plant_explosion_hoax" title="Columbian Chemicals Plant explosion hoax">a hoax they created</a> about a fictitious chemical plant fire in <a href="/wiki/Centerville,_St._Mary_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Centerville, St. Mary Parish, Louisiana">Centerville, St. Mary Parish, Louisiana</a>, purportedly started by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIS</a>. The hoax includes <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">tweets</a> and YouTube videos showing a chemical plant fire. Centerville is home to many chemical plants, but the plant named in the tweets does not exist. Initial tweets are sent directly to politicians, journalists, and Centerville residents.<a href="#cite_note-Chen2015-4">[4]</a></li> <li>21 September – 11 October: The <a href="/wiki/Material_Evidence" title="Material Evidence">Material Evidence</a> art exhibition is displayed at the Art Beam gallery in the <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_Manhattan" title="Chelsea, Manhattan">Chelsea neighborhood</a> of New York City. It portrays the conflicts in <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine#2014_Russian_armed_interventions_and_invasion" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> in a pro-Russian light. It is promoted by Twitter accounts that also spread the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_Chemicals_Plant_explosion_hoax" title="Columbian Chemicals Plant explosion hoax">11 September chemical plant fire hoax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chen2015-4">[4]</a> The exhibition is partly funded by the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-153">[143]</a></li> <li>13 December: <ul><li>The IRA uses Twitter to spread a hoax about an <a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a> outbreak in Atlanta. Many of the Twitter accounts used in the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_Chemicals_Plant_explosion_hoax" title="Columbian Chemicals Plant explosion hoax">11 September chemical plant fire hoax</a> also spread this hoax. The hoax includes a YouTube video of medical workers wearing hazmat suits.<a href="#cite_note-Chen2015-4">[4]</a></li> <li>Using a different set of Twitter accounts, the IRA spreads a hoax about a purported police shooting of an unarmed black woman in Atlanta. The hoax includes a blurry video of the purported event.<<a href="#cite_note-Chen2015-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015">2015</h3></div> <ul><li>July onward: Thousands of fake Twitter accounts run by the IRA begin to praise Trump over his political opponents by a wide margin, according to a later analysis by The Wall Street Journal.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-20170611-154">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[145]</a></li> <li>3 November:The IRA Instagram account "Stand For Freedom" attempts to organize a confederate rally in Houston, Texas, on 14 November. It is unclear if anyone showed up. The Mueller Report identifies this as the IRA's first attempt to organize a U.S. rally.<a href="#cite_note-156">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-MUELLER-REPORT-VOL-I-157">[147]</a>: 29 </li> <li>19 November: The IRA creates first Twitter account. Purporting to be the "Unofficial Twitter account of Tennessee Republicans," it peaks at over 100,000 followers.<a href="#cite_note-CampaignRussianPropogandaDailyBeast20171018-158">[148]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016">2016</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections_(July_2016_%E2%80%93_election_day)" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (July 2016 – election day)">Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (July 2016 – election day)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_post-election_transition_following_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of post-election transition following Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Timeline of post-election transition following Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a></div> <ul><li>10 February: IRA instructs workers to "use any opportunity to criticize Hillary and the rest (except Sanders and Trump—we support them)."<a href="#cite_note-SubvertTime-159">[149]</a></li> <li>April: The IRA starts buying online ads on social media and other sites. The ads support Trump and attack Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>4 April: A rally is held in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, protesting the death of India Cummings. Cummings was a black woman who had recently died in police custody. The IRA's "Blacktivist" account on Facebook actively promotes the event, reaching out directly to local activists on Facebook Messenger asking them to circulate petitions and print posters for the event. Blacktivist supplies the petitions and poster artwork.<a href="#cite_note-LeakedIRADocumentsDailyBeast20180301-109">[100]</a></li> <li>16 April: A rally protesting the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Freddie Gray">death of Freddie Gray</a> attracts large crowds in Baltimore. The IRA's Blacktivist Facebook group promotes and organizes the event, including reaching out to local activists.<a href="#cite_note-Levin-116">[107]</a></li> <li>19 April: The IRA purchases its first pro-Trump ad through its "Tea Party News" <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> account. The Instagram ad asks users to upload photos with the hashtag #KIDS4TRU to "make a patriotic team of young Trump supporters."<a href="#cite_note-HeresEverythingTheMuellerBuzzFeedNews-20190418-160">[150]</a></li> <li>23 April: A small group of white-power demonstrators hold a rally they call "Rock Stone Mountain" at <a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain" title="Stone Mountain">Stone Mountain</a> Park near <a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain,_Georgia" title="Stone Mountain, Georgia">Stone Mountain, Georgia</a>. They are confronted by a large group of protesters, and some violent clashes ensue. The counterprotest was heavily promoted by IRA accounts on Tumblr, Twitter, and Facebook, and the IRA website blackmatters.com. The IRA uses its Blacktivist account on Facebook to reach out, to no avail, to activist and academic Barbara Williams Emerson, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Hosea_Williams" title="Hosea Williams">Hosea Williams</a>, to help promote the protests. Afterward, <a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT</a> blames anti-racist protesters for violence and promotes two videos shot at the event.<a href="#cite_note-LeakedIRADocumentsDailyBeast20180301-109">[100]</a></li> <li>2 May: A second rally is held in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, protesting the death of India Cummings. Like the 4 April rally, the event is heavily promoted by the IRA's Blacktivist Facebook account, including attempted outreach to local activists.<a href="#cite_note-LeakedIRADocumentsDailyBeast20180301-109">[100]</a></li> <li>21 May: Two competing rallies are held in Houston to alternately protest against and defend the recently opened Library of Islamic Knowledge at the <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Houston" title="Islam in Houston">Islamic Da'wah Center</a>. The "Stop Islamization of Texas" rally is organized by the Facebook group "Heart of Texas". The Facebook posting for the event encourages participants to bring guns. A spokesman for the group converses with the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Press" title="Houston Press">Houston Press</a> via email but declines to give a name. The other rally, "Save Islamic Knowledge", is organized by the Facebook group "United Muslims of America" for the same time and location. Both Facebook groups are later revealed to be IRA accounts.<a href="#cite_note-Malisow-117">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FacebookPhonyEventsWapo20180125-118">[109]</a></li> <li>29 May: The IRA hires an American to pose in front of the White House holding a sign that says, "Happy 55th Birthday, Dear Boss." "Boss" is a reference to Russian oligarch <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>1 June: The IRA plans a <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> rally called "March for Trump" and buys Facebook ads promoting the event.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>4 June: The IRA email account sends news releases about the "March for Trump" rally to New York City media outlets.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>5 June: The IRA contacts a <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016">Trump campaign</a> volunteer to provide signs for the "March for Trump" rally.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>23 June: The IRA persona "Matt Skiber" contacts an American to recruit for the "March for Trump" rally.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>24 June: The IRA group "United Muslims of America" buys Facebook ads for the "Support Hillary, Save American Muslims" rally.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>25 June: <ul><li>The IRA's "March for Trump" rally occurs.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>The IRA Facebook group LGBT United organizes a candlelight vigil for the Pulse nightclub shooting victims in <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WhatRusiaReallyWantsNationalReview20171031-120">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-FacebookRussiaAdsNYT20171002-121">[112]</a></li></ul></li> <li>July: The IRA's translator project grows to over 80 employees.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>Summer: IRA employees use the stolen identities of four Americans to open <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a> and bank accounts to act as conduits for funding their activities in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>'5 July: "United Muslims of America", an IRA group, orders posters with fake Clinton quotes promoting <a href="/wiki/Sharia_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia Law">Sharia Law</a>. The posters are ordered for the "Support Hillary, Save American Muslims" rally they are organizing.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>6–10 July: The IRA's "Don't Shoot" Facebook group and affiliated "Don't Shoot Us" website try to organize a protest outside the <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul, Minnesota</a>, police headquarters on 10 July in response to the 6 July fatal police <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Philando_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Philando Castile">shooting of Philando Castile</a>. Some local activists become suspicious of the event because St. Paul police were not involved in the shooting: Castile was shot by a <a href="/wiki/St._Anthony,_Minnesota" title="St. Anthony, Minnesota">St. Anthony</a> police officer in nearby <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heights,_Minnesota" title="Falcon Heights, Minnesota">Falcon Heights</a>. Local activists contact Don't Shoot. After being pressed on who they are and who supports them, Don't Shoot agrees to move the protest to the <a href="/wiki/St._Anthony,_Minnesota" title="St. Anthony, Minnesota">St. Anthony</a> police headquarters. The concerned local activists investigate further and urge protesters not to participate after deciding Don't Shoot is a "total troll job." Don't Shoot organizers eventually relinquish control of the event to local organizers, who subsequently decline to accept any money from Don't Shoot.<a href="#cite_note-161">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[152]</a></li> <li>9 July: The "Support Hillary, Save American Muslims" rally occurs in Washington, D.C. The rally is organized by the IRA group "United Muslims of America."<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>10 July: A <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> protest rally is held in Dallas. A "Blue Lives Matter" counterprotest is held across the street. The <a href="/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter" title="Blue Lives Matter">Blue Lives Matter</a> protest is organized by the "Heart of Texas" Facebook group, controlled by the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-RussiaOrganizeProtestsVanityFair20171020-124">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-WhatRusiaReallyWantsNationalReview20171031-120">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-FacebookPhonyEventsWapo20180125-118">[109]</a></li> <li>12 July: An IRA group buys ads on Facebook for the "Down with Hillary" rally in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>16 July: The IRA's Blacktivist group organizes a rally in Chicago to honor <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Bland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandra Bland">Sandra Bland</a> on the first anniversary of her death. The rally is held in front of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago Police Department</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Homan_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Homan Square">Homan Square</a> building. Participants pass around petitions calling for a Civilian Police Accountability Council ordinance.<a href="#cite_note-163">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[154]</a></li> <li>23 July: The IRA-organized "Down with Hillary" rally is held in New York City. The agency sends 30 news releases to media outlets using email.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>2–3 August: The IRA's "Matt Skiber" persona contacts the real "Florida for Trump" Facebook account. The "T.W." persona contacts other grassroots groups.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>4 August: <ul><li>The IRA's Facebook account "Stop AI" accuses Clinton of voter fraud during the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_caucuses,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2016">Iowa Caucuses</a>. They buy ads promoting the post.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>IRA groups buy ads for the "Florida Goes Trump" rallies. The 8,300 people who click on the ads are sent to the Agency's "Being Patriotic" Facebook page.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li></ul></li> <li>5 August: The IRA Twitter second account hires an actress to play <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> in prison garb and someone to build a cage to hold the actress. The actress and cage are to appear at the "Florida Goes Trump" rally in <a href="/wiki/West_Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="West Palm Beach, Florida">West Palm Beach, Florida</a> on 20 August.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>11 August: The IRA Twitter first account claims that voter fraud is being investigated in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>12–18 August: The IRA's persona "Josh Milton" communicates with Trump Campaign officials via email to request Trump/Pence signs and the phone numbers of campaign affiliates as part of an effort to organize pro-Trump campaign rallies in Florida.<a href="#cite_note-AllTheTimesTrumpBusinessInsider-20190418-165">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-MUELLER-REPORT-VOL-I-157">[147]</a>: 35 </li> <li>15 August: A Trump campaign county chair contacts the IRA through their phony email accounts to suggest locations for rallies.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>16 August: The IRA buys ads on Instagram for the "Florida Goes Trump" rallies.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>18 August: <ul><li>The IRA uses its email account to contact a Trump campaign official in Florida. The email requests campaign support at the forthcoming "Florida Goes Trump" rallies. It is unknown whether the campaign official responded.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>The IRA pays the person they hired to build a cage for a "Florida Goes Trump" rally in West Palm Beach, Florida.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li></ul></li> <li>19 August: <ul><li>A Trump supporter suggests to the IRA Twitter account "March for Trump" that it contact a Trump campaign official. The official is emailed by the agency.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a></li> <li>The IRA's "Matt Skiber" persona contacts another Trump campaign official on Facebook.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li></ul></li> <li>20 August: 17 "Florida Goes Trump" rallies are held across Florida. The rallies are organized by Russian trolls from the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-Russians17TrumpRalliesDailyBeast20170920-127">[118]</a></li> <li>27 August: The IRA Facebook group "SecuredBorders" organizes a "Citizens before refugees" protest rally at the <a href="/wiki/City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="City Council">City Council</a> Chambers in <a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls, Idaho">Twin Falls, Idaho</a>. Only a small number of people show up for the three-hour event, most likely because it is Saturday and the Chambers are closed.<a href="#cite_note-RussiaFacebookOrganizeDailyBeast20170912-166">[156]</a></li> <li>31 August: <ul><li>An American contacts the IRA's "Being Patriotic" account about a possible 11 September event in Miami.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>The IRA buys ads for a 11 September rally in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li></ul></li> <li>3 September: The IRA Facebook group "United Muslims of America" organizes a "Safe Space for Muslim Neighborhood" rally outside the White House, attracting at least 57 people.<a href="#cite_note-RussiansImpersonatedMuslims20170927-129">[120]</a></li> <li>9 September: The IRA sends money to its American groups to fund the 11 September rally in Miami, and to pay the actress who portrayed Clinton at the West Palm Beach, Florida, rally.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>20–26 September: BlackMattersUS, an IRA website, recruits activists to participate in protests over the police <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Keith Lamont Scott">shooting of Keith Lamont Scott</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>. The IRA pays for expenses such as microphones and speakers.<a href="#cite_note-AmericansTrickedByRussiaBuzzFeedNews20171017-130">[121]</a></li> <li>22 September: The IRA buys ads on Facebook for "Miners for Trump" rallies in Pennsylvania.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>2 October: "Miners for Trump" rallies are held across Pennsylvania. The IRA uses the same techniques to organize the rallies as they used for the "Florida Goes Trump" rallies, including hiring a person to wear a Clinton mask and a prison uniform.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>16 October: The IRA's Instagram account "Woke Blacks" makes a post aimed at suppressing black voter turnout.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>19 October The IRA runs its most popular ad on Facebook. The ad is for the IRA's Back the Badge Facebook group and shows a badge with the words "Back the Badge" in front of police lights under the caption "Community of people who support our brave Police Officers."<a href="#cite_note-167">[157]</a></li> <li>22 October: A large rally is held in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>, protesting the police <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Keith Lamont Scott">shooting of Keith Lamont Scott</a>. The IRA website BlackMattersUS recruits unwitting local activists to organize the rally.<a href="#cite_note-168">[158]</a> BlackMattersUS provides an activist with a bank card to pay for rally expenses.<a href="#cite_note-AmericansTrickedByRussiaBuzzFeedNews20171017-130">[121]</a></li> <li>2 November: The IRA Twitter first account alleges "#VoterFraud by counting tens of thousands of ineligible mail in Hillary votes being reported in Broward County, Florida." <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Trump Jr.</a> retweets it.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>3 November: The IRA Instagram account "Blacktivist" suggests people vote for Stein instead of Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>5 November: Anti-Clinton "Texit" rallies are held across Texas. The IRA's "Heart of Texas" Facebook group organizes the rallies around the theme of <a href="/wiki/Texas_secession_movements" title="Texas secession movements">Texas seceding</a> from the United States if Clinton is elected. The group contacts the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Nationalist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Nationalist Movement">Texas Nationalist Movement</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Secessionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Secessionist">secessionist</a> organization, to help with organizing efforts, but they decline to help. Small rallies are held in Dallas, Fort Worth, Austin, and other cities. No one attends the Lubbock rally.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-133">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-everythinglubbock.com-134">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-CaliforniaIndependenceBBC20171104-169">[159]</a></li> <li>8 November: Hours after the polls close, the <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a> #Calexit is retweeted by thousands of IRA accounts.<a href="#cite_note-CaliforniaIndependenceBBC20171104-169">[159]</a></li> <li>11 November: A large banner is hung from the <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Memorial_Bridge" title="Arlington Memorial Bridge">Arlington Memorial Bridge</a> in Washington, D.C., showing a photo of Obama with the words "Goodbye Murderer" at the bottom. The IRA Twitter third account takes credit and is an early promoter of the banner.<a href="#cite_note-Subvert-170">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[161]</a></li> <li>12 November: A Trump protest called "Trump is NOT my President" attracts 5,000–10,000 protestors in Manhattan who march from <a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square</a> to Trump Tower. The protest is organized by the IRA using their BlackMattersUS Facebook account.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>19 November: The IRA organizes the "Charlotte Against Trump" rally in Charlotte, North Carolina.<a href="#cite_note-TrollsTimelineWapo20180206-151">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>8 December: The IRA runs an ad on <a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a> to hire someone to walk around New York City dressed as <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a> while wearing a Trump mask.<a href="#cite_note-HeresEverythingTheMuellerBuzzFeedNews-20190418-160">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-MUELLER-REPORT-VOL-I-157">[147]</a>: 32 </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017">2017</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2017)">Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2017)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2017)">Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2017)</a></div> <ul><li>9 April: The Internet Research Agency (IRA)'s "United Muslims of America" Facebook group posts a meme complaining about the cost of the 6 April missile strike on <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> by the United States. The strike had been made in retaliation for a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical weapons">chemical weapons</a> attack by the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government">Syrian government</a>. The meme asserts the $93 million cost of the strike "could have founded [sic] Meals on Wheels until 2029."<a href="#cite_note-RussiansImpersonatedMuslims20170927-129">[120]</a></li> <li>3 June: The IRA's "United Muslims of America" Facebook group organizes the "Make peace, not war!" protest outside <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a> in New York City. It is unclear whether anyone attends this protest or instead attends the "March for Truth" affiliated protest held on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-RussiansImpersonatedMuslims20170927-129">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-137">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[162]</a> <ul><li>Thousands of people participate in the "Protest Trump and ideology of hate at Trump Tower!" protest outside <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a> in New York City. The protest was organized by the "Resisters" group on Facebook, one of the "bad actor" groups identified by Facebook in July 2018 as possibly belonging to the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-173">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-ShadowyFacebbokAccountTheHill20180801-174">[164]</a></li></ul></li> <li>23 August: The Internet Research Agency's first Twitter account is closed.<a href="#cite_note-CampaignRussianPropogandaDailyBeast20171018-158">[148]</a></li> <li>6 September: Facebook admits selling advertisements to Russian companies seeking to reach U.S. voters.<a href="#cite_note-175">[165]</a> Hundreds of accounts were reportedly tied to the Internet Research Agency.<a href="#cite_note-176">[166]</a><<a href="#cite_note-Chen2015-4">[4]</a> Facebook pledges full cooperation with Mueller's investigation, and begins to provide details on purchases from Russia, including identities of the people involved.<a href="#cite_note-177">[167]</a></li> <li>9 September: Thousand of people participate in the "We Stand with DREAMers! Support DACA!" rally in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-178">[168]</a> The rally was organized by the "Resisters" group on Facebook, one of the "bad actor" groups identified by Facebook in July 2018 as possibly belonging to the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-ShadowyFacebbokAccountTheHill20180801-174">[164]</a></li> <li>9 September: Trump responds to a tweet, containing "we love you Mr. President." from IRA fourth <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> account - a "backup" of now-closed IRA first one - saying, "THANK YOU for your support Miami! My team just shared photos from your TRUMP SIGN WAVING DAY, yesterday! I love you- and there is no question – TOGETHER, WE WILL MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!".<a href="#cite_note-AllTheTimesTrumpBusinessInsider-20190418-165">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-MUELLER-REPORT-VOL-I-157">[147]</a>: 34 </li> <li>28 September: <ul><li>Twitter announces that it identified 201 non-<a href="/wiki/Twitter_bot" title="Twitter bot">bot</a> accounts tied to the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-TwitterHasTurnedOverDailyBeast20171120-179">[169]</a></li> <li>Democrats rebuke Twitter for its "frankly inadequate" response to Russian meddling.<a href="#cite_note-180">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a> writes that "fake news on Twitter flooded <a href="/wiki/Swing_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing states">swing states</a> that helped Trump win."<a href="#cite_note-181">[171]</a></li></ul></li> <li>23 October: The Daily Beast reports that Greenfloid LLC, a tiny web hosting company registered to Sergey Kashyrin and two others, hosted IRA propaganda websites DoNotShoot.Us, BlackMattersUS.com and others on servers in a <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> neighborhood. Greenfloid is listed as the North American subsidiary of ITL, a hosting company based in <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv,_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv, Ukraine">Kharkiv, Ukraine</a>, registered to Dmitry Deineka. Deineka gave conflicting answers when questioned by The Daily Beast about the IRA websites.<a href="#cite_note-182">[172]</a></li> <li>1 November: Twitter tells the Senate Intelligence Committee that it has found 2,752 IRA accounts and 36,746 Russia-linked bot accounts involved in election-related <a href="/wiki/Twitter#Format" title="Twitter">retweets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TwitterHasTurnedOverDailyBeast20171120-179">[169]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018">2018</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)">Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)">Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)</a></div> <ul><li>16 February: Mueller indicts 13 Russian citizens, IRA/Glavset and two other Russian entities in a 37-page indictment returned by a federal grand jury in the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13RussiansInictment-152">[142]</a></li> <li>A 15 July Business Insider article revealed a new Russian intelligence-linked "news" site, USAReally,<a href="#cite_note-183">[173]</a> which follows in the footsteps of previous Russian IRA-backed troll farms, and appears to be an attempt to "test the waters" ahead of the mid-terms.<a href="#cite_note-184">[174]</a></li> <li>31 July: Facebook announces they have shut down eight pages, 17 profiles, and seven Instagram accounts related to "bad actors" identified recently with activity profiles similar to the IRA. The company says it doesn't have enough information to attribute the accounts, groups, and events to the IRA, but that a known IRA account was briefly an administrator of the "Resisters" group.<a href="#cite_note-185">[175]</a> The "Resisters" group was the first organizer on Facebook of the upcoming "No Unite The Right 2 – DC" protest scheduled in Washington, D.C., for 10 August. Some of the event's other organizers insist they started organizing before "Resisters" created the event's Facebook page.<a href="#cite_note-186">[176]</a></li> <li>25 September: The New York Times reports that the Moscow-based news website "USAReally.com" appears to be a continuation of the IRA's fake news propaganda efforts targeting Americans. The site, launched in May, has been banned from Facebook, Twitter, and <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>. A new Facebook page created by the site is being monitored by Facebook.<a href="#cite_note-187">[177]</a></li> <li>12 September: The Wall Street Journal reports that nearly 600 IRA Twitter accounts posted nearly 10,000 mostly conservative-targeted messages about health policy and <a href="/wiki/Obamacare" class="mw-redirect" title="Obamacare">Obamacare</a> from 2014 through May 2018. Pro-ObamaCare messages peaked around the spring of 2016 when Senator <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> and Hillary Clinton were fighting for the Democratic Party presidential nomination. Anti-Obamacare messages peaked during the debates leading up to the attempted repeal of the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> in the spring of 2017.<a href="#cite_note-188">[178]</a></li> <li>On 19 October, The US Justice Department charges 44-year-old Russian accountant <a href="/wiki/Elena_Khusyaynova" title="Elena Khusyaynova">Elena Alekseevna Khusyaynova</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> with conspiracy to defraud the United States by managing the finances of the social media troll operation, including the IRA, that attempted to interfere with the 2016 and 2018 US elections.<a href="#cite_note-189">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[180]</a></li> <li>20 November: The Federal Agency of News (FAN) sues Facebook in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California">U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California</a> for violating its <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">free speech rights</a> by closing its account in April. The FAN is a sister organization to the IRA that operates from the same building in St. Petersburg. The FAN claims in its filing that it has no knowledge of the IRA, even though some current FAN employees were indicted by Mueller for their work with the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-RussianTrollsSueFacebookDailyBeast20181120-191">[181]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(2019%E2%80%932020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019–2020)">Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019–2020)</a></div> <ul><li>2 February: Twitter removed accounts suspected of being connected to the Russian Internet Research Agency that had disseminated a high volume of tweets related to <a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a> that also used the #WWG1WGA slogan.<a href="#cite_note-russian_troll-192">[182]</a></li> <li>12 April: The Washington Post reports that researchers at <a href="/wiki/Clemson_University" title="Clemson University">Clemson University</a> found the IRA sent thousands of tweets during the 2016 election campaign in an attempt to drive Bernie Sanders supporters away from Hillary Clinton and towards Donald Trump.<a href="#cite_note-193">[183]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3></div> <ul><li>12 March: <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Clarissa_Ward" title="Clarissa Ward">Clarissa Ward</a> reveals that Russia and the IRA have been running "troll factories" based in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, with the aim to disrupt the 2020 U.S. presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-194">[184]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50_Cent_Party" title="50 Cent Party">50 Cent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1450_Internet_army" title="1450 Internet army">1450 Internet army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AK_Trolls" title="AK Trolls">AK Trolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">Astroturfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyberBerkut" title="CyberBerkut">CyberBerkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news_website" title="Fake news website">Fake news website</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exploitation_of_American_race_relations" title="Foreign exploitation of American race relations">Foreign exploitation of American race relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_manipulation" title="Internet manipulation">Internet manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Water_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Water Army">Internet Water Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netto-uyoku" title="Netto-uyoku">Netto-uyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Jorge" title="Team Jorge">Team Jorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Earnest_Voice" title="Operation Earnest Voice">Operation Earnest Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_brigades" title="Public opinion brigades">Public opinion brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulkan_files_leak" title="Vulkan files leak">Vulkan files leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Web brigades">Web brigades</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> In 2014, software systems for monitoring social media networks purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)">Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)</a> from Medialogia include the Prizma information and analytical systems, the GLASS News Terminal, Medialogy and the Medialogy-Government Procurement system (Russian: «Призма», «Новостного терминала ГЛАСС», «Медиалогии» и системы «Медиалогия-госзакупки»). "Prism" targets main "news events, trends, information attacks, and anomalous activity" in blogs and social networks in real time and identifies the primary sources of information dissemination. Senior officials and the Russian presidential administration monitor social networks using Prisma. "Prism" identifies sites on the network which are intended to organize information attacks including fake sites that can be used to misinform users and information attacks organized by botnets and predicts information attacks, threats, etc. The GLASS News Terminal system aggregates data from main events of the day, negative and positive materials about the MVD and its leadership, criticism of MVD employees, authorities, opposition protests, etc. The Main Center for Communications and Information Security (Russian: Главный центр связи и информационной безопасности) in the MVD stated that the users of these products are the Minister of Internal Affairs, his deputies, heads of main directorates, directorates and departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as employees of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and employees of other divisions of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.<a href="#cite_note-Vedomosti26092014-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vedomosti29092014-17">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Medialogia (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: «Медиалогия») was a project began in 2003 of the software development company <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBS_Group" class="extiw" title="ru:IBS Group">IBS</a> but, later, was an independent business separate from IBS.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[a]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Farit Khusnoyarov (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Фарит Хуснояров) was the development director of Medialogia in 2012 and was the Deputy Minister of Public Administration, Information Technology and Communications of the Moscow Region in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes15082012-20">[18]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> From 21 October 2010 to 2012, <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a> was the Deputy Chairman of Government as the Deputy Prime Minister to <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> replacing <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Sobyanin" title="Sergey Sobyanin">Sergey Sobyanin</a> who had been Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office under <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>. Volodin was the First deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia under Medvedev from 2012 to 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)">Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)</a> was headed by <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Nurgaliyev" title="Rashid Nurgaliyev">Rashid Nurgaliyev</a> under Putin until 21 May 2012 when <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kolokoltsev" title="Vladimir Kolokoltsev">Vladimir Kolokoltsev</a> assumed the post.<a href="#cite_note-OCCRP23052012-23">[19]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Senior officials at the Moscow City Hall include <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kolokoltsev" title="Vladimir Kolokoltsev">Vladimir Kolokoltsev</a> who headed the MVD for the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast">Moscow region</a> from 7 September 2009 to 21 May 2012. From October 2012, the Moscow City Hall was under leadership of the Mayor of Moscow <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Sobyanin" title="Sergey Sobyanin">Sergey Sobyanin</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> In 2012, other monitoring systems for social media in Russia included Kribrum (Russian: «Крибрум») from the <a href="/wiki/Natalya_Kaspersky" title="Natalya Kaspersky">Natalya Kaspersky</a> company <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfoWatch" class="extiw" title="ru:InfoWatch">InfoWatch</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Igor_Ashmanov" title="Igor Ashmanov">Igor Ashmanov</a> firm <a href="/wiki/Ashmanov_%26_Partners" title="Ashmanov & Partners">Ashmanov & Partners</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Infowatch и «Ашманов и партнеры») and Wobot from former employees of Medialogia, the <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%C2%AB%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Фонд «Общественное мнение»">Public Opinion Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/VimpelCom" class="mw-redirect" title="VimpelCom">VimpelCom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: бывшие сотрудники «Медиалогии», фонда «Общественное мнение» и «Вымпелкома»).<a href="#cite_note-Vedomosti26092014-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vedomosti29092014-17">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Феоктистов, Олег Владимирович">Oleg Vladimirovich Feoktistov</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Олег Владимирович Феоктистов; born 3 July 1964, Moscow Oblast),<a href="#cite_note-MeduzaFeoktistovBio15112016-28">[21]</a> also known as "Oleg the Big" or "General Fix" or "General Ficus", served as a border guard in Karelia with Ivan Ivanovich Tkachev (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Иван Иванович Ткачёв; born 1970), who later would head the "K" Directorate of the SEB of the FSB beginning in 2016 after the resignation of Viktor Voronin (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Виктор Воронин),<a href="#cite_note-TheBell31072019-29">[22]</a> and fought with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> where he met the KGB military counterintelligence officer Sergei Shishin, who later became the head of the special forces of the FSB CSS, and then the head of the FSB Economic Support Service.<a href="#cite_note-NewTimes22082016-30">[23]</a> Shishin guided Feoktistov but became embroilled in scandals during 2007 after which Shishin transferred to the Office of seconded employees, then seconded to <a href="/wiki/VTB_Bank" title="VTB Bank">VTB Bank</a>, and three years later he joined the management of <a href="/wiki/RusHydro" title="RusHydro">RusHydro</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sechin" title="Igor Sechin">Igor Sechin</a> associated <a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NewTimes22082016-30">[23]</a> Feoktistov graduated from the FSB Academy and, in 2004, headed the newly formed FSB's Internal Security Directorate also known as the 6th Service or CSS (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: «Шестерка») of the FSB, which is responsible for the operational support of criminal cases and <a href="/wiki/The_New_Times_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Times (Russia)">The New Times</a> called "Sechin's Special Forces" because it was created on an initiative of Igor Sechin while Igor Sechin was the deputy head of the presidential administration.<a href="#cite_note-MeduzaFeoktistovBio15112016-28">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewTimes22082016-30">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewTimes04122017-31">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewTimes27062016-32">[25]</a> In September 2016, Feoktistov officially became the head of the security service of Rosneft.<a href="#cite_note-MeduzaFeoktistovBio15112016-28">[21]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> "Maidan" refers to <a href="/wiki/Maidan_Nezalezhnosti" title="Maidan Nezalezhnosti">Independence Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, which became synonymous with mass political protests following the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a> and the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a>, i.e. the two Maidans. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> The American Department was headed by Jeykhun Aslanov, an Azerbaijani who, in October 2017, was 27. Maria Bovda was the previous head of the American Department.<a href="#cite_note-145">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[138]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLapowsky2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Lapowsky, Issie (8 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/facebook-may-have-more-russian-troll-farms-to-worry-about">"Facebook May Have More Russian Troll Farms to Worry About"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Agency%3A+From+a+nondescript+office+building+in+St.+Petersburg%2C+Russia%2C+an+army+of+well-paid+%27trolls%27+has+tried+to+wreak+havoc+all+around+the+Internet+%E2%80%93+and+in+real-life+American+communities&rft.date=2015-06-02&rft.issn=0028-7822&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F06%2F07%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-agency.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301072927/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/the-agency-russian.html">Читайте эту статью на русском</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-F273-5"><a href="#cite_ref-F273_5-0">^</a> By early 2018, Facebook suspended 70 accounts linked to the Internet Research Agency: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdi_Robertson2018" class="citation web cs1">Adi Robertson (3 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/3/17194518/facebook-suspends-russian-internet-research-agency-pages-accounts-instagram">"Facebook suspends 273 accounts and pages linked to Russian misinformation agency"</a>. 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Creating Technologies That Are Used by Millions: Our History]. IBS (in Russian). 26 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ibs.ru/about/history/">the original</a> on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBS&rft.atitle=IBS+%E2%80%94+30+%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B2+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5.+C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fibs.ru%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231026211641/https://www.mlg.ru/">"Медиалогия"</a> [Medialogia] (in Russian). 26 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlg.ru/">the original</a> on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlg.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vedomosti26092014-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vedomosti26092014_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vedomosti26092014_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFГолицына2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Голицына, Анастасия (26 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231026200656/https://www.vedomosti.ru/technology/articles/2014/09/26/mvd-budet-monitorit-socseti-i-smi-za-24-mln-rub">"МВД будет мониторить соцсети и СМИ за 24 млн рублей"</a> [The Ministry of Internal Affairs will monitor social networks and the media for 24 million rubles]. <a href="/wiki/Vedomosti" title="Vedomosti">Ведомости</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vedomosti.ru/technology/articles/2014/09/26/mvd-budet-monitorit-socseti-i-smi-za-24-mln-rub">the original</a> on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%92%D0%94+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%9C%D0%98+%D0%B7%D0%B0+24+%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%BD+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vedomosti.ru%2Ftechnology%2Farticles%2F2014%2F09%2F26%2Fmvd-budet-monitorit-socseti-i-smi-za-24-mln-rub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vedomosti29092014-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vedomosti29092014_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vedomosti29092014_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFГолицына2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Голицына, Анастасия (29 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231026200219/https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2014/09/29/prizma-dlya-mvd">"МВД закупит системы мониторинга соцсетей и блогосферы"</a> [The Ministry of Internal Affairs will purchase monitoring systems for social networks and the blogosphere]. <a href="/wiki/Vedomosti" title="Vedomosti">Ведомости</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2014/09/29/prizma-dlya-mvd">the original</a> on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%92%D0%94+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B&rft.date=2014-09-29&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vedomosti.ru%2Fpolitics%2Farticles%2F2014%2F09%2F29%2Fprizma-dlya-mvd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes15082012-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes15082012_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes15082012_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFБурибаевБаданин2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Бурибаев, Айдар (Buribaev, Aidar); Баданин, Роман (Badanin, Roman) (15 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820142747/https://www.forbes.ru/sobytiya/vlast/92590-kak-vlasti-chitayut-vashi-blogi-rassledovanie-forbes">"Как власти читают ваши блоги: расследование Forbes"</a> [How authorities read your blogs: Forbes investigation]. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.ru/sobytiya/vlast/92590-kak-vlasti-chitayut-vashi-blogi-rassledovanie-forbes">the original</a> on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%3A+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+Forbes&rft.date=2012-08-15&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80+%28Buribaev%2C+Aidar%29&rft.au=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%2C+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD+%28Badanin%2C+Roman%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.ru%2Fsobytiya%2Fvlast%2F92590-kak-vlasti-chitayut-vashi-blogi-rassledovanie-forbes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-OCCRP23052012-23"><a href="#cite_ref-OCCRP23052012_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213330/https://www.occrp.org/index.php/en/ccwatch/cc-watch-briefs/1518-russia-scandal-plagued-interior-minister-appointed-to-security-council">"Scandal-Plagued Interior Minister Appointed To Security Council"</a>. OCCRP. 23 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reportingproject.net/occrp/index.php/en/ccwatch/cc-watch-briefs/1518-russia-scandal-plagued-interior-minister-appointed-to-security-council">the original</a> on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OCCRP&rft.atitle=Scandal-Plagued+Interior+Minister+Appointed+To+Security+Council&rft.date=2012-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freportingproject.net%2Foccrp%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fccwatch%2Fcc-watch-briefs%2F1518-russia-scandal-plagued-interior-minister-appointed-to-security-council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231026201445/https://lenta.ru/news/2012/08/16/prizma/">"Forbes рассказал о системе анализа блогов для чиновников"</a> [Forbes spoke about a blog analysis system for officials] (in Russian). 16 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lenta.ru/news/2012/08/16/prizma/">the original</a> on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Forbes+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2012-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flenta.ru%2Fnews%2F2012%2F08%2F16%2Fprizma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeduzaFeoktistovBio15112016-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MeduzaFeoktistovBio15112016_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MeduzaFeoktistovBio15112016_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MeduzaFeoktistovBio15112016_28-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240924192340/https://meduza.io/feature/2016/11/15/general-fsb-kotoryy-zateyal-delo-protiv-alekseya-ulyukaeva-kto-on">"Генерал ФСБ, который затеял дело против Алексея Улюкаева. Кто он? Краткая биография руководителя службы безопасности «Роснефти»"</a> [The FSB general who started the case against Alexei Ulyukaev. Who is he? Brief biography of the head of the security service of Rosneft]. <a href="/wiki/Meduza" title="Meduza">«Медуза»</a> (meduza.io) (in Russian). 15 November 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meduza.io/feature/2016/11/15/general-fsb-kotoryy-zateyal-delo-protiv-alekseya-ulyukaeva-kto-on">the original</a> on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C2%AB%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%C2%BB+%28meduza.io%29&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%91%2C+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BB+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F+%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0.+%D0%9A%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BD%3F+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%C2%AB%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B8%C2%BB&rft.date=2016-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Ffeature%2F2016%2F11%2F15%2Fgeneral-fsb-kotoryy-zateyal-delo-protiv-alekseya-ulyukaeva-kto-on&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheBell31072019-29"><a href="#cite_ref-TheBell31072019_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFСтогнейМалкова2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Стогней, Анастасия (Stogney, Anastasia); Малкова, Ирина (Malkova, Irina) (31 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240924204650/https://thebell.io/kommercheskie-rebyata-kak-fsb-kryshuet-rossijskie-banki">"«Коммерческие ребята»: как ФСБ крышует российские банки"</a> ["Commercial Guys": How the FSB Protects Russian Banks]. <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bell" class="extiw" title="ru:The Bell">The Bell</a> (thebell.io) (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebell.io/kommercheskie-rebyata-kak-fsb-kryshuet-rossijskie-banki">the original</a> on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bell+%28thebell.io%29&rft.atitle=%C2%AB%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0%C2%BB%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%91+%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.date=2019-07-31&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%28Stogney%2C+Anastasia%29&rft.au=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%28Malkova%2C+Irina%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebell.io%2Fkommercheskie-rebyata-kak-fsb-kryshuet-rossijskie-banki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-NewTimes22082016-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NewTimes22082016_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewTimes22082016_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewTimes22082016_30-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFКанев2016" class="citation news cs1">Канев, Сергей (Kanev, Sergey) (22 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240924190234/https://newtimes.ru/articles/detail/116372">"За что убрали генерала Фикса: В центральном аппарате ФСБ продолжаются масштабные зачистки: лишился своего кабинета 1-й заместитель начальника Управления собственной безопасности (УСБ) ФСБ генерал Олег Феоктистов, известный как «Олег-Большой» или «генерал Фикс»"</a> [Why General Fiks was removed: Large-scale cleansing continues in the central apparatus of the FSB: the 1st Deputy Head of the Internal Security Directorate (CSS) of the FSB, General Oleg Feoktistov, known as "Oleg the Big" or "General Fiks", lost his office]. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Times_(magazine)" title="The New Times (magazine)">«Новые Времена»</a> (NewTimes.ru). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newtimes.ru/articles/detail/116372">the original</a> on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%BB+%28NewTimes.ru%29&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%3A+%D0%92+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%91+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%3A+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+1-%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%28%D0%A3%D0%A1%D0%91%29+%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%91+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%C2%AB%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9%C2%BB+%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%C2%AB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%C2%BB&rft.date=2016-08-22&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9+%28Kanev%2C+Sergey%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewtimes.ru%2Farticles%2Fdetail%2F116372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-NewTimes04122017-31"><a href="#cite_ref-NewTimes04122017_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFРомановаКорбал2017" class="citation news cs1">Романова, Анна (Romanova, Anna); Корбал, Борис (Korbal, Boris) (4 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240924190656/https://newtimes.ru/articles/detail/132259">"Конец спецназа Сечина: «Дело Улюкаева» стало последней разработкой еще вчера могущественного генерала ФСБ Олега Феоктистова. Члены его команды покидают Лубянку, а иные отправляются в СИЗО и даже в бега"</a> [The End of Sechin's Special Forces: The "Ulyukaev case" was the latest development of the powerful FSB General Oleg Feoktistov yesterday. Members of his team leave the Lubyanka, and some go to jail and even go on the run]. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Times_(magazine)" title="The New Times (magazine)">«Новые Времена»</a> (NewTimes.ru). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newtimes.ru/articles/detail/132259">the original</a> on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%BB+%28NewTimes.ru%29&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%3A+%C2%AB%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%C2%BB+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%91+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.+%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%2C+%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%97%D0%9E+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft.aulast=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0+%28Romanova%2C+Anna%29&rft.au=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%2C+%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81+%28Korbal%2C+Boris%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewtimes.ru%2Farticles%2Fdetail%2F132259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-NewTimes27062016-32"><a href="#cite_ref-NewTimes27062016_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFКанев2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Канев, Сергей (Kanev, Sergey) (27 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181108023250/https://newtimes.ru/articles/detail/113546">"Большая чистка: В главном институте путинского режима началась большая чистка: из центрального аппарата ФСБ отправили в отставку несколько генералов, которые до этого считались неприкасаемыми, а на некоторых чекистов рангом пониже заведены уголовные дела. Источники на Лубянке утверждают: самое «вкусное» управление ФСБ — Службу экономической безопасности — берет под контроль «сечинский спецназ». The New Times изучал внутривидовую борьбу чекистских кланов"</a> [Big Cleaning: A major purge has begun in the main institution of the Putin regime: several generals who had previously been considered untouchables were dismissed from the central apparatus of the FSB, and criminal cases were opened against some Chekists of a lower rank. Sources in the Lubyanka claim that the most "tasty" department of the FSB - the Economic Security Service - is taking control of the "Sechin special forces". The New Times studied the intraspecific struggle of the Chekist clans]. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Times_(magazine)" title="The New Times (magazine)">«Новые Времена»</a> (NewTimes.ru) (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newtimes.ru/articles/detail/113546">the original</a> on 8 November 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%BB+%28NewTimes.ru%29&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%3A+%D0%92+%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%3A+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%91+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8%2C+%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0.+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%3A+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5+%C2%AB%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5%C2%BB+%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%91+%E2%80%94+%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D1%83+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%E2%80%94+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C+%C2%AB%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%C2%BB.+The+New+Times+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%83+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9+%28Kanev%2C+Sergey%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewtimes.ru%2Farticles%2Fdetail%2F113546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-UK_05.06.2014-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UK_05.06.2014_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UK_05.06.2014_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UK_05.06.2014_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UK_05.06.2014_34-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UK_05.06.2014_34-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UK_05.06.2014_34-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cripo.com.ua/?sect_id=10&aid=175890"><bdi lang="ru">В США начали охоту на проплаченных интернет-троллей из России</bdi></a> [The hunt for Russian internet trolls started in the U.S.]. Criminal Ukraine (in Russian). NEWSru.com. 5 June 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Criminal+Ukraine&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=2014-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcripo.com.ua%2F%3Fsect_id%3D10%26aid%3D175890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> Ukrainian reprint: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zik.ua/ua/news/2014/06/05/amerykantsi_rozpochaly_polyuvannya_na_proplachenyh_kremlem_internettroliv_495048">Американці розпочали полювання на проплачених Кремлем інтернет-тролів</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205235937/http://zik.ua/ua/news/2014/06/05/amerykantsi_rozpochaly_polyuvannya_na_proplachenyh_kremlem_internettroliv_495048">Archived</a> 5 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (zik.ua). </li> <li id="cite_note-NG_09.09.2013-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NG_09.09.2013_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NG_09.09.2013_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NG_09.09.2013_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NG_09.09.2013_35-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NG_09.09.2013_35-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NG_09.09.2013_35-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NG_09.09.2013_35-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NG_09.09.2013_35-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlexandra_Garmazhapova2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alexandra Garmazhapova (9 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150202092234/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/59903.html"><bdi lang="ru">Где живут тролли. Как работают интернет-провокаторы в Санкт-Петербурге и кто ими заправляет</bdi></a> [Where are the trolls: The internet provocateurs in St. Petersburg and who funds them]. <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta" title="Novaya Gazeta">Novaya Gazeta</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/59903.html">the original</a> on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%82+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8.+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82&rft.date=2013-09-09&rft.au=Alexandra+Garmazhapova&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novayagazeta.ru%2Fsociety%2F59903.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> Ukrainian reprint: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.finance.ua/ua/news/~/320589">Де живуть тролі у РФ: як працюють інтернет-провокатори в Санкт-Петербурзі і хто ними заправляє</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205230813/http://news.finance.ua/ua/news/~/320589">Archived</a> 5 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (finance.ua). </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141211073738/http://theins.ru/politika/1033/">"Судьи по вызову. Как Володин победил Forbes"</a> [Judges on Call. How Volodin Defeated Forbes]. <a href="/wiki/The_Insider_(website)" title="The Insider (website)">The Insider</a> (theins.ru) (in Russian). 23 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theins.ru/politika/1033/">the original</a> on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Insider+%28theins.ru%29&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83.+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB+Forbes&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheins.ru%2Fpolitika%2F1033%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LI_04.09.2013-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LI_04.09.2013_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LI_04.09.2013_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lenizdat.ru/articles/1114444/"><bdi lang="ru">СМИ: Под Петербургом за умеренную плату ругали Навального</bdi></a> [Near St. Petersburg there are those being paid a modest fee to abuse Navalny]. Lentizdat (in Russian). 4 September 2013. 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Retrieved 24 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.+judge+rejects+firm%27s+bid+to+see+grand+jury+material+in+Russia+troll+case&rft.date=2018-06-15&rft.aulast=Layne&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-trump-russia-concord-idUSKBN1JB215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAro2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jessikka_Aro" title="Jessikka Aro">Aro, Jessikka</a> (9 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170226083457/http://kioski.yle.fi/omat/my-year-as-a-pro-russia-troll-magnet">"My Year as a Pro-Russia Troll Magnet: International Shaming Campaign and an SMS from Dead Father"</a>. <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioski_(uutispalvelu)" class="extiw" title="fi:Kioski (uutispalvelu)">Yle Kioski</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kioski.yle.fi/omat/my-year-as-a-pro-russia-troll-magnet">the original</a> on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yle+Kioski&rft.atitle=My+Year+as+a+Pro-Russia+Troll+Magnet%3A+International+Shaming+Campaign+and+an+SMS+from+Dead+Father&rft.date=2015-11-09&rft.aulast=Aro&rft.aufirst=Jessikka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkioski.yle.fi%2Fomat%2Fmy-year-as-a-pro-russia-troll-magnet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAro2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jessikka_Aro" title="Jessikka Aro">Aro, Jessikka</a> (24 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kioski.yle.fi/omat/this-is-what-pro-russia-internet-propaganda-feels-like">"This is What Pro-Russia Internet Propaganda Feels Like – Finns Have Been Tricked into Believing in Lies"</a>. <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioski_(uutispalvelu)" class="extiw" title="fi:Kioski (uutispalvelu)">Yle Kioski</a>. Retrieved 31 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yle+Kioski&rft.atitle=This+is+What+Pro-Russia+Internet+Propaganda+Feels+Like+%E2%80%93+Finns+Have+Been+Tricked+into+Believing+in+Lies&rft.date=2015-06-24&rft.aulast=Aro&rft.aufirst=Jessikka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkioski.yle.fi%2Fomat%2Fthis-is-what-pro-russia-internet-propaganda-feels-like&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2016" class="citation news cs1">Higgins, Andrew (30 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/31/world/europe/russia-finland-nato-trolls.html">"Effort to Expose Russia's 'Troll Army' Draws Vicious Retaliation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved 31 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Effort+to+Expose+Russia%27s+%27Troll+Army%27+Draws+Vicious+Retaliation&rft.date=2016-05-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F05%2F31%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-finland-nato-trolls.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kh97_09.09.2014-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Kh97_09.09.2014_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charter97.org/ru/news/2014/9/9/114920/"><bdi lang="ru">Тролль из Ольгино: Над Лукашенко отрывались как могли</bdi></a> [Troll from Olgino: After Lukashenko, came out as best as they could]. Khartyia'97 (in Russian). 9 September 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Khartyia%2797&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8&rft.date=2014-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charter97.org%2Fru%2Fnews%2F2014%2F9%2F9%2F114920%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.finance.ua/ua/news/~/320589">Де живуть тролі у РФ: як працюють інтернет-провокатори в Санкт-Петербурзі і хто ними заправляє</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205230813/http://news.finance.ua/ua/news/~/320589">Archived</a> 5 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Ukrainian). (Where do trolls live in the Russian Federation: how do Internet provocateurs work in St. Petersburg and who feeds them) finance.ua. 5 March 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censor.net.ua/resonance/253003/gde_jivut_trolli_kak_rabotayut_internetprovokatory_i_kto_imi_zapravlyaet">Где живут тролли. Как работают интернет-провокаторы и кто ими заправляет</a> (in Russian). (zapravlyaet Where trolls live. How internet provocateurs work and who runs them) TsenzorNet. 10 September 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/59903.html">Где живут тролли. Как работают интернет-провокаторы в Санкт-Петербурге и кто ими заправляет</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150202092234/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/59903.html">Archived</a> 2 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Russian). (Where do trolls live? How Internet provocateurs work in St. Petersburg and who runs them) Novaya Gazeta. 9 September 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zik.ua/ua/news/2014/06/05/amerykantsi_rozpochaly_polyuvannya_na_proplachenyh_kremlem_internettroliv_495048">Американці розпочали полювання на проплачених Кремлем інтернет-тролів</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205235937/http://zik.ua/ua/news/2014/06/05/amerykantsi_rozpochaly_polyuvannya_na_proplachenyh_kremlem_internettroliv_495048">Archived</a> 5 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Ukrainian). (The Americans have launched a hunt for Internet trolls paid by the Kremlin) zik.ua. 5 June 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/de-ar-putins-soldater-pa-natet/">De är Putins soldater på nätet</a> (in Swedish). (They are Putin's online soldiers) DN.se. 5 February 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-DP.Ru_28.10.2014-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DP.Ru_28.10.2014_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DP.Ru_28.10.2014_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DP.Ru_28.10.2014_57-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DP.Ru_28.10.2014_57-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DP.Ru_28.10.2014_57-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dp.ru/a/2014/10/27/Borotsja_s_omerzeniem_mo/"><bdi lang="ru">Тролли из Ольгино переехали в новый четырехэтажный офис на Савушкина</bdi></a> [Trolls from Olgino moved to a new four-story office on Savushkina]. <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Деловой Петербург">DP.Ru</a> (in Russian). 28 October 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DP.Ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=2014-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dp.ru%2Fa%2F2014%2F10%2F27%2FBorotsja_s_omerzeniem_mo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dp.ru/a/2014/10/27/Borotsja_s_omerzeniem_mo/">Тролли из Ольгино переехали в новый четырехэтажный офис на Савушкина</a> (in Russian). (Media: "Olginsky trolls" became "Savushkin") (Trolls from Olgino moved to a new four-story office on Savushkina) dp.ru. 28 October 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lenizdat.ru/articles/1124598/">СМИ: «Ольгинские тролли» стали «савушкинскими»</a> (in Russian). (Media: “Olginsky trolls” became “Savushkinsky) Lentizdat.ru. 28 October 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-DPru29122017-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DPru29122017_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DPru29122017_60-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFПанкратова2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Панкратова, Ирина (Pankratova, Irina) (29 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103143726/https://www.dp.ru/a/2017/12/27/Fabrika_trollej_pereezzhae">"Новогодний переезд. "Фабрика троллей" перебирается из здания на улице Савушкина в БЦ бывших жертвователей избирательной кампании Путина: "Тролли с улицы Савушкина" стали "лахтинскими троллями". "Фабрика троллей" переезжает из легендарного офиса в недавно построенный БЦ "Лахта-2". Судя по всему, фабрика расширяется: новое здание не только современнее и статуснее, но и больше по площади"</a> [New Year moving. "Troll Factory" moves from the building on Savushkina Street to the BC of former Putin campaign supporters: "Trolls from Savushkina Street" became "Lakhta trolls." The Troll Factory moves from the legendary office to the newly built Lakhta-2 business center. Apparently, the factory is expanding: the new building is not only more modern and status, but also larger in area.]. <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Деловой Петербург">DP.Ru</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dp.ru/a/2017/12/27/Fabrika_trollej_pereezzhae">the original</a> on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DP.Ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4.+%22%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%22+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%A6+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%3A+%22%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%81+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%22+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%22%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%22.+%22%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%22+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%91%D0%A6+%22%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0-2%22.+%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%2C+%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F%3A+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5%2C+%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8.&rft.date=2017-12-29&rft.aulast=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%28Pankratova%2C+Irina%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dp.ru%2Fa%2F2017%2F12%2F27%2FFabrika_trollej_pereezzhae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-RBC30122017-61"><a href="#cite_ref-RBC30122017_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171230024103/https://www.rbc.ru/business/30/12/2017/5a465d969a79472a87a3c920">""Фабрика троллей" переехала в "Лахту-2": "Фабрика троллей" решила занять бизнес-центр большей площади в Санкт-Петербурге. Из офисов на улице Савушкина уже съехала часть сотрудников — они освободили два этажа, а еще два должны освободить до 1 февраля 2018 года"</a> [Troll Factory moved to Lakhta-2: The Troll Factory decided to occupy a larger business center in St. Petersburg. Some of the employees have already moved out of the offices on Savushkina Street – they have vacated two floors, and two more must be vacated before 1 February 2018]. <a href="/wiki/RBK_Group" title="RBK Group">RBC</a> (in Russian). 30 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbc.ru/business/30/12/2017/5a465d969a79472a87a3c920">the original</a> on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RBC&rft.atitle=%22%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%22+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%22%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D1%83-2%22%3A+%22%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%22+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81-%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5.+%D0%98%D0%B7+%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%94+%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%2C+%D0%B0+%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%BE+1+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F+2018+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ru%2Fbusiness%2F30%2F12%2F2017%2F5a465d969a79472a87a3c920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Svoboda06032018-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Svoboda06032018_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFВолчек2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Волчек, Дмитрий (Bolchek, Dmitry) (6 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180306151415/https://www.svoboda.org/a/29079871.html">""Кремлеботами работают неудачники". Грустные будни "фабрики троллей""</a> ["The losers are working with Kremlin workers." Sad weekdays of the "troll factory"]. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Svoboda" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Svoboda">Radio Svoboda</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svoboda.org/a/29079871.html">the original</a> on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Svoboda&rft.atitle=%22%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%22.+%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8+%22%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%22&rft.date=2018-03-06&rft.aulast=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.aufirst=%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%28Bolchek%2C+Dmitry%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svoboda.org%2Fa%2F29079871.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorozova2024" class="citation web cs1">Morozova, Anastasiia (16 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vsquare.org/leaked-files-putin-troll-factory-russia-european-elections-factory-of-fakes/">"Leaked Files from Putin's Troll Factory: How Russia Manipulated European Elections"</a>. 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Retrieved 17 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%2C+%C2%AB%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%94%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%C2%BB.+%D0%AF%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8E%D1%94+%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%96%D0%B7+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97&rft.date=2024-09-16&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC&rft.au=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8E%D0%BA%2C+%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiosvoboda.org%2Fa%2Fskhemy-kreml-dezinformatsiya-asd-hambashydze%2F33121898.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTim_ListerJim_SciuttoMary_Ilyushina2017" class="citation web cs1">Tim Lister; Jim Sciutto; Mary Ilyushina (17 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/17/politics/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory/index.html">"Putin's 'chef,' the man behind the troll factory"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+former+Russian+troll+speaks%3A+%27It+was+like+being+in+Orwell%27s+world%27&rft.date=2018-02-17&rft.aulast=Troianovski&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2018%2F02%2F17%2Fa-former-russian-troll-speaks-it-was-like-being-in-orwells-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kommersant20042018-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Kommersant20042018_69-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331132528/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3607961">Российские политтехнологи изведают Африку: Евгений Пригожин организует социсследования на континенте</a> (Russian political technologists will explore Africa: Yevgeny Prigozhin organizes social studies on the continent) </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930050022/http://rapc.pro/ignatovski">"Члены РАПК – Ярослав Игнатовский"</a> [Members of the RAPC - Yaroslav Ignatovsky]. rapc.pro. 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Retrieved 13 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gawker&rft.atitle=Emails+Link+Kremlin+Troll+Farm+to+Bizarre+New+York+Photography+Exhibit&rft.date=2015-08-20&rft.au=Andy+Cush&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgawker.com%2Femails-link-kremlin-troll-farm-to-bizarre-new-york-phot-1725347179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLana_Samokhvalova2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lana Samokhvalova (21 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-politycs/1948496-moskovskij-slid-koloradskogo-zuka-abo-hto-i-ak-gotue-majdan3.html"><bdi lang="uk">Московський слід колорадського Жука, або Хто і як готує "Майдан-3"</bdi></a> [Moscow's cyber roaches, or who's calling for 'Maidan 3'] (in Ukrainian). <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swiat.newsweek.pl/wynajeci-rosjanie-cyber-bombarduja-polski-internet-newsweek-cyberatak,artykuly,281538,1.html">the original</a> on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek+%28Polish+version%29&rft.atitle=Wynaj%C4%99ci+Rosjanie+cyber-bombarduj%C4%85+polski+internet%3F&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft.aulast=Wachnicki&rft.aufirst=Micha%C5%82&rft.au=Olwert%2C+Pawe%C5%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswiat.newsweek.pl%2Fwynajeci-rosjanie-cyber-bombarduja-polski-internet-newsweek-cyberatak%2Cartykuly%2C281538%2C1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JT150429-81"><a href="#cite_ref-JT150429_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCzekaj2015" class="citation journal cs1">Czekaj, Matthew (29 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721073450/http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=43851&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=513dea6e2da23e276d6cc8d3f1d08451#.Va32IOzP1qY">"Russia's Hybrid War Against Poland"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rospres&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=2017-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rospres.com%2Fgovernment%2F22451%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220051408/https://www.rospres.com/specserv/23611/">"Ольгинский тролль Агата Бурдонова вовремя предала Евгения Пригожина"</a> [The Olginsky troll Agatha Burdonova betrayed Evgeny Prigozhin in time]. Rospres (in Russian). 26 February 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rospres.com/specserv/23611">the original</a> on 20 December 2019. 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Retrieved 15 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Trump+administration+announces+new+sanctions+on+Russians+charged+in+the+Mueller+investigation&rft.date=2018-03-15&rft.aulast=Sheth&rft.aufirst=Sonam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftrump-new-russia-sanctions-election-meddling-cyber-attacks-2018-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220325010344/http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2018/images/10/19/khusyaynova.complaint.pdf">"Criminal Complaint against Elena Alekseevna Khusyaynova"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia">Eastern District of Virginia</a>. 28 September 2018. 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Retrieved 31 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Facebook+Identifies+an+Active+Political+Influence+Campaign+Using+Fake+Accounts&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft.aulast=Fandos&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Roose%2C+Kevin&rft.au=Savage%2C+Charlie&rft.au=Frenkel%2C+Sheera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F07%2F31%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffacebook-political-campaign-midterms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoose2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roose" title="Kevin Roose">Roose, Kevin</a> (25 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/25/technology/usareally-russian-news-site-propaganda.html">"Is a New Russian Meddling Tactic Hiding in Plain Sight?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 25 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Is+a+New+Russian+Meddling+Tactic+Hiding+in+Plain+Sight%3F&rft.date=2018-09-25&rft.aulast=Roose&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F09%2F25%2Ftechnology%2Fusareally-russian-news-site-propaganda.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeixel2018" class="citation web cs1">Weixel, Nathaniel (12 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/406309-nearly-600-russian-troll-accounts-tweeted-about-obamacare-report/">"Nearly 600 Russian troll accounts tweeted about ObamaCare: report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Nearly+600+Russian+troll+accounts+tweeted+about+ObamaCare%3A+report&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft.aulast=Weixel&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fhealthcare%2F406309-nearly-600-russian-troll-accounts-tweeted-about-obamacare-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSonam_Sheth2018" class="citation web cs1">Sonam Sheth (19 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elena-khusyaynova-charged-midterm-elections-russia-2018-10">"The DOJ has charged a Russian woman working for a close Putin ally with conspiring to interfere in the 2018 midterms"</a>. Business Insider. Retrieved 21 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+DOJ+has+charged+a+Russian+woman+working+for+a+close+Putin+ally+with+conspiring+to+interfere+in+the+2018+midterms&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft.au=Sonam+Sheth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Felena-khusyaynova-charged-midterm-elections-russia-2018-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKatelyn_Polantz2018" class="citation news cs1">Katelyn Polantz (19 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/19/politics/elena-alekseevna-khusyaynova-russia-charged/index.html">"Russian national charged with attempting to interfere in 2018 midterms"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 21 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Russian+national+charged+with+attempting+to+interfere+in+2018+midterms&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft.au=Katelyn+Polantz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F10%2F19%2Fpolitics%2Felena-alekseevna-khusyaynova-russia-charged%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RussianTrollsSueFacebookDailyBeast20181120-191"><a href="#cite_ref-RussianTrollsSueFacebookDailyBeast20181120_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAckermanPoulsen2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Ackerman" title="Spencer Ackerman">Ackerman, Spencer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Poulsen" title="Kevin Poulsen">Poulsen, Kevin</a> (20 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/russian-trolls-sue-facebook-their-old-propaganda-machine">"Russian Trolls Sue Facebook, Their Old Propaganda Machine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. Retrieved 4 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Russian+Trolls+Sue+Facebook%2C+Their+Old+Propaganda+Machine&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft.aulast=Ackerman&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft.au=Poulsen%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Frussian-trolls-sue-facebook-their-old-propaganda-machine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-russian_troll-192"><a href="#cite_ref-russian_troll_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollinsMurphy2019" class="citation news cs1">Collins, Ben; Murphy, Joe (2 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/russian-troll-accounts-purged-twitter-pushed-qanon-other-conspiracy-theories-n966091">"Russian troll accounts purged by Twitter pushed Qanon and other conspiracy theories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+troll+accounts+purged+by+Twitter+pushed+Qanon+and+other+conspiracy+theories&rft.date=2019-02-02&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Ftech%2Fsocial-media%2Frussian-troll-accounts-purged-twitter-pushed-qanon-other-conspiracy-theories-n966091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKranish2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kranish" title="Michael Kranish">Kranish, Michael</a> (12 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inside-the-russian-effort-to-target-sanders-supporters--and-help-elect-trump/2019/04/11/741d7308-5576-11e9-8ef3-fbd41a2ce4d5_story.html">"Inside the Russian effort to target Sanders supporters — and help elect Trump"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved 12 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Russian+effort+to+target+Sanders+supporters+%E2%80%94+and+help+elect+Trump&rft.date=2019-04-12&rft.aulast=Kranish&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Finside-the-russian-effort-to-target-sanders-supporters--and-help-elect-trump%2F2019%2F04%2F11%2F741d7308-5576-11e9-8ef3-fbd41a2ce4d5_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWard2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clarissa_Ward" title="Clarissa Ward">Ward, Clarissa</a> (12 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/12/world/russia-ghana-troll-farms-2020-ward/index.html">"Russian election meddling is back – via Ghana and Nigeria – and in your feeds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Retrieved 13 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+election+meddling+is+back+%E2%80%93+via+Ghana+and+Nigeria+%E2%80%93+and+in+your+feeds&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Clarissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F03%2F12%2Fworld%2Frussia-ghana-troll-farms-2020-ward%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOlga_Khazan2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Olga Khazan (9 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/10/russias-online-comment-propaganda-army/280432/">"Russia's Online-Comment Propaganda Army"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Online-Comment+Propaganda+Army&rft.date=2013-10-09&rft.au=Olga+Khazan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2013%2F10%2Frussias-online-comment-propaganda-army%2F280432%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChen2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Chen" title="Adrian Chen">Chen, Adrian</a> (2 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/the-agency.html">"The Agency"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Agency&rft.date=2015-06-02&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F06%2F07%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-agency.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoctrow2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cory_Doctrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cory Doctrow">Doctrow, Cory</a> (2 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boingboing.net/2015/06/02/russias-troll-factory.html">"Russia's troll factory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boing_Boing" title="Boing Boing">Boing Boing</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+troll+factory&rft.date=2015-06-02&rft.aulast=Doctrow&rft.aufirst=Cory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboingboing.net%2F2015%2F06%2F02%2Frussias-troll-factory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaroun_Demirjian2015" class="citation news cs1">Karoun Demirjian (4 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/06/04/a-whistleblower-is-trying-to-bring-down-russias-secret-internet-troll-army/">"A whistleblower is trying to bring down Russia's secret Internet troll army"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+whistleblower+is+trying+to+bring+down+Russia%27s+secret+Internet+troll+army&rft.date=2015-06-04&rft.au=Karoun+Demirjian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2015%2F06%2F04%2Fa-whistleblower-is-trying-to-bring-down-russias-secret-internet-troll-army%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/schedule-for-wednesday-june-10-2015-1.3107352/trolls-for-hire-why-are-russians-being-paid-to-wreak-havoc-online-1.3107356">Trolls for hire: Why are Russians being paid to wreak havoc online?</a>. <a href="/wiki/Q_(radio_show)" title="Q (radio show)">Q</a> (radio show podcast). <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 10 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trolls+for+hire%3A+Why+are+Russians+being+paid+to+wreak+havoc+online%3F&rft.pub=Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fradio%2Fq%2Fschedule-for-wednesday-june-10-2015-1.3107352%2Ftrolls-for-hire-why-are-russians-being-paid-to-wreak-havoc-online-1.3107356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDickerson2017" class="citation news cs1">Dickerson, Caitlin (26 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/26/magazine/how-fake-news-turned-a-small-town-upside-down.html">"How Fake News Turned a Small Town Upside Down"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+Fake+News+Turned+a+Small+Town+Upside+Down&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft.aulast=Dickerson&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Fmagazine%2Fhow-fake-news-turned-a-small-town-upside-down.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEntousNakashimaJaffe2017" class="citation news cs1">Entous, Adam; Nakashima, Ellen; Jaffe, Greg (26 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/kremlin-trolls-burned-across-the-internet-as-washington-debated-options/2017/12/23/e7b9dc92-e403-11e7-ab50-621fe0588340_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_infowars-250pm-1-duplicate%3Ahomepage%2Fsto">"Kremlin trolls burned across the Internet as Washington debated options"</a>. 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The New York Times. <q>The Kremlin-backed Internet Research Agency, which interfered in the 2016 election, is using different methods to hide itself better.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Russia%27s+Troll+Farm+Is+Changing+Tactics+Before+the+Fall+Election&rft.date=2020-03-29&rft.aulast=Alba&rft.aufirst=Davey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F03%2F29%2Ftechnology%2Frussia-troll-farm-election.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBailGuayMaloneyCombs2020" class="citation journal cs1">Bail, Christopher A.; Guay, Brian; Maloney, Emily; Combs, Aidan; Hillygus, D. Sunshine; Merhout, Friedolin; Freelon, Deen; Volfovsky, Alexander (7 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6955293">"Assessing the Russian Internet Research Agency's impact on the political attitudes and behaviors of American Twitter users in late 2017"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (1): 243–250. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020PNAS..117..243B">2020PNAS..117..243B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1906420116">10.1073/pnas.1906420116</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6955293">6955293</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31767743">31767743</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:208298030">208298030</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+Russian+Internet+Research+Agency%27s+impact+on+the+political+attitudes+and+behaviors+of+American+Twitter+users+in+late+2017&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E243-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&rft.date=2020-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6955293%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A208298030%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020PNAS..117..243B&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1906420116&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31767743&rft.aulast=Bail&rft.aufirst=Christopher+A.&rft.au=Guay%2C+Brian&rft.au=Maloney%2C+Emily&rft.au=Combs%2C+Aidan&rft.au=Hillygus%2C+D.+Sunshine&rft.au=Merhout%2C+Friedolin&rft.au=Freelon%2C+Deen&rft.au=Volfovsky%2C+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6955293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDawsonInnes2019" class="citation journal cs1">Dawson, Andrew; Innes, Martin (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orca.cf.ac.uk/122489/1/Political%20Quarterly%20IRA%20Dawson%20%26%20Innes.pdf">"How Russia's Internet Research Agency Built its Disinformation Campaign"</a> (PDF). The Political Quarterly. 90 (2): 245–256. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-923X.12690">10.1111/1467-923X.12690</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1467-923X">1467-923X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165035949">165035949</a>. Retrieved 24 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Political+Quarterly&rft.atitle=How+Russia%27s+Internet+Research+Agency+Built+its+Disinformation+Campaign&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E245-%3C%2Fspan%3E256&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A165035949%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1467-923X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-923X.12690&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Innes%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forca.cf.ac.uk%2F122489%2F1%2FPolitical%2520Quarterly%2520IRA%2520Dawson%2520%2526%2520Innes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIuliia_Subbotovska2015" class="citation news cs1">Iuliia Subbotovska (29 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/russia-steps-propaganda-push-online-kremlin-trolls-n366606">"Russia Steps up Propaganda Push with Online 'Kremlin Trolls'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Retrieved 12 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+Steps+up+Propaganda+Push+with+Online+%27Kremlin+Trolls%27&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.au=Iuliia+Subbotovska&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Ftech%2Finternet%2Frussia-steps-propaganda-push-online-kremlin-trolls-n366606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201053709/http://www.trolli.org/content/map.html"><bdi lang="ru">Все о троллях. Тролли – кто они?</bdi></a> [All the trolls. Trolls – Who are they?] (in Russian). 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trolli.org/content/map.html">the original</a> on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%BE+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85.+%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%3F&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trolli.org%2Fcontent%2Fmap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uainfo.org/blognews/332255-v-seti-deystvitelno-rabotaet-banda-kremlevskih-trolley-imena-adresa-dokumenty.html"><bdi lang="ru">В Сети действительно работает банда кремлевских троллей. Имена, адреса, документы</bdi></a> [In web forums work the Kremlin's gang of trolls. Names, addresses, documents]. UAINFO (in Russian). 31 May 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2016 – via <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">reddit</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UAINFO&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9.+%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%2C+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B&rft.date=2014-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuainfo.org%2Fblognews%2F332255-v-seti-deystvitelno-rabotaet-banda-kremlevskih-trolley-imena-adresa-dokumenty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+Research+Agency" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" 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href="/wiki/Disinformation_attack" title="Disinformation attack">Disinformation attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">Anti-vaccine activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_health_care_misinformation" title="Transgender health care misinformation">Transgender health care misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Misinformation in the Gaza war">Misinformation in the Gaza war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mechanisms165" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mechanisms</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_bias" title="Cognitive bias">Cognitive bias</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases" title="List of cognitive biases">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media)" title="Echo chamber (media)">Echo chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">Denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Manipulation (psychology)">Manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_culture" title="Media culture">Media culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_manipulation" title="Media manipulation">Media manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_effect" title="Misinformation effect">Misinformation effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_polarization" title="Political polarization">Political polarization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_climate_change_denial" title="Psychology of climate change denial">Psychology of climate change denial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_radicalization" title="Algorithmic radicalization">Algorithmic radicalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_moderation" title="Content moderation">Content moderation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Community notes">Community notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_manipulation" title="Internet manipulation">Internet manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmatic_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Programmatic advertising">Programmatic advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_bot" title="Social bot">Social bot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Social networking service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_networking_services" title="List of social networking services">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-generated_content" title="User-generated content">User-generated content</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audience_fragmentation" title="Audience fragmentation">Audience fragmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_capitalism" title="Surveillance capitalism">Surveillance capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tactics165" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tactics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">Astroturfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Lie" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Lie">Big Lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_reporting" title="Circular reporting">Circular reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clickbait" title="Clickbait">Clickbait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories" title="List of conspiracy theories">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deception" title="Deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepfake" title="Deepfake">Deepfake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_playbook" class="mw-redirect" title="Disinformation playbook">Disinformation playbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle (politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doublespeak" title="Doublespeak">Doublespeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxxing" class="mw-redirect" title="Doxxing">Doxxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news_website" title="Fake news website">Fake news website</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fake_news_websites" title="List of fake news websites">List of fake news websites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_satirical_fake_news_websites" title="List of satirical fake news websites">List of satirical fake news websites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_accusation" title="False accusation">False accusation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_attribution" title="False attribution">False attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear,_uncertainty,_and_doubt" title="Fear, uncertainty, and doubt">Fear, uncertainty, and doubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firehose_of_falsehood" title="Firehose of falsehood">Firehose of falsehood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgery_as_covert_operation" title="Forgery as covert operation">Forgery as covert operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">Gaslighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">Greenwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information warfare</a></li> <li>Logic and reasoning <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking">Cherry picking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_dilemma" title="False dilemma">False dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gish_gallop" title="Gish gallop">Gish gallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-truth" title="Half-truth">Half-truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallacy" title="Fallacy">Fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_fallacy" title="Formal fallacy">Formal fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_fallacy" title="Informal fallacy">Informal fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fallacies" title="List of fallacies">List of fallacies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quote_mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Quote mining">Quote mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_herring" title="Red herring">Red herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whataboutism" title="Whataboutism">Whataboutism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memetic_warfare" title="Memetic warfare">Memetic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-slime_journalism" title="Pink-slime journalism">Pink-slime journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_propaganda" title="Black propaganda">Black propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterpropaganda" title="Counterpropaganda">Counterpropaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_Internet_propaganda" title="State-sponsored Internet propaganda">State-sponsored Internet propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perception_management" title="Perception management">Perception management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumors" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumors">Rumors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_(propaganda)" title="Spin (propaganda)">Spin (propaganda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smear_campaign" title="Smear campaign">Smear campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_fabrication" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific fabrication">Scientific fabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_of_tension" title="Strategy of tension">Strategy of tension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_terms165" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related terms</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_facts" title="Alternative facts">Alternative facts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factoid" title="Factoid">Factoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">Hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infodemic" title="Infodemic">Infodemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malinformation" title="Malinformation">Malinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-truth_politics" title="Post-truth politics">Post-truth politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potemkin_village" title="Potemkin village">Potemkin village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truthiness" title="Truthiness">Truthiness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Targets_&amp;_Campaigns165" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Targets & Campaigns</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Misinformation in the Gaza war">Misinformation in the Gaza war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_conspiracy_theory" title="New World Order conspiracy theory">New World Order conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_disinformation" title="Russian disinformation">Russian disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Genocide denial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_disinformation_attacks_by_country" title="List of disinformation attacks by country">List of disinformation attacks by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_disinformation_website_campaigns" title="List of political disinformation website campaigns">List of political disinformation website campaigns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antisemitism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewish conspiracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environmental science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a></li> <li>Fossil fuel industry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil_climate_change_denial" title="ExxonMobil climate change denial">ExxonMobil climate change denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels_lobby" title="Fossil fuels lobby">Fossil fuels lobby</a></li></ul></li> <li>Leaded gasoline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation" title="Ethyl Corporation">Ethyl Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Kehoe" title="Robert A. Kehoe">Robert A. Kehoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clair_Cameron_Patterson" class="mw-redirect" title="Clair Cameron Patterson">Clair Cameron Patterson</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pesticide industry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Spring" title="Silent Spring">Silent Spring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_mercury" title="Red mercury">Red mercury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medicine and Public health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G_misinformation" title="5G misinformation">5G misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">Anti-vaccine activism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lancet_MMR_autism_fraud" title="Lancet MMR autism fraud">Lancet MMR autism fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">Vaccines and autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation" title="Vaccine misinformation">Vaccine misinformation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">COVID-19 misinformation by governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_misinformation" title="Ebola misinformation">Ebola misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMO_conspiracy_theories" title="GMO conspiracy theories">GMO conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_illness_denial" title="Mental illness denial">Mental illness denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_abortion" title="Misinformation related to abortion">Misinformation related to abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry_playbook" title="Tobacco industry playbook">Tobacco industry playbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_health_care_misinformation" title="Transgender health care misinformation">Transgender health care misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_water_fluoridation" title="Opposition to water fluoridation">Opposition to water fluoridation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journalism and journalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safety_of_journalists" title="Safety of journalists">Safety of journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Maverick" title="Daily Maverick">Daily Maverick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Quint" title="The Quint">The Quint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Publications_about_disinformation" title="Publications about disinformation">Publications about disinformation</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Countering_disinformation165" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countering disinformation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic research">Academic research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">Critical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_literacy" title="Digital literacy">Digital literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_literacy" title="Health literacy">Health literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_literacy" title="Information literacy">Information literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_literacy" title="Media literacy">Media literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_communication" title="Science communication">Science communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus" title="Scientific consensus">Scientific consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literacy" title="Scientific literacy">Scientific literacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climate_change_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of climate change video games">List of climate change video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_sandwich" title="Truth sandwich">Truth sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verificado_2018" title="Verificado 2018">Verificado 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchdog_journalism" title="Watchdog journalism">Watchdog journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fact-checking_and_research165" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Fact-checking and research</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fact-checking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Websites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fact-checking_websites" title="List of fact-checking websites">List of fact-checking websites</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Non-profits and charities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Check" title="Africa Check">Africa Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FactCheck.org" title="FactCheck.org">FactCheck.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Fact" title="Full Fact">Full Fact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USAFacts" title="USAFacts">USAFacts</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Private companies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logically_(company)" title="Logically (company)">Logically (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsGuard" title="NewsGuard">NewsGuard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StopFake" title="StopFake">StopFake</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fact-Checking_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="International Fact-Checking Network">International Fact-Checking Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Bias/Fact_Check" title="Media Bias/Fact Check">Media Bias/Fact Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snopes" title="Snopes">Snopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackwatch" title="Quackwatch">Quackwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projeto_Comprova" title="Projeto Comprova">Projeto Comprova</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Lab" title="Citizen Lab">Citizen Lab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>EU <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_StratCom_Task_Force" title="East StratCom Task Force">East StratCom Task Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faktabaari" title="Faktabaari">Faktabaari</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Disinformation_Project" title="The Disinformation Project">The Disinformation Project</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>UK <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter_disinformation_unit" title="Counter disinformation unit">Counter disinformation unit</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Countering_Disinformation" title="Center for Countering Disinformation">Center for Countering Disinformation</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>USA <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Measures_Working_Group" title="Active Measures Working Group">Active Measures Working Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Misinformation_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter Misinformation Team">Counter Misinformation Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_Governance_Board" title="Disinformation Governance Board">Disinformation Governance Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countering_Foreign_Propaganda_and_Disinformation_Act" title="Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act">Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">United States Information Agency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="WikiProjects165" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">WikiProjects</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/20px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/40px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCred" class="extiw" title="meta:WikiCred">WikiCred</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Climate_change" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Climate change">Climate change</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_COVID-19" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject COVID-19">COVID-19</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Skepticism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Skepticism">Skepticism</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vaccine_safety" title="Wikipedia:Vaccine safety">Vaccine safety</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation141" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template talk:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">International reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_units_in_the_2014_Crimean_crisis" title="List of military units in the 2014 Crimean crisis">List of military units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_sanctioned_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis">List of sanctioned individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_that_applied_sanctions_during_the_Crimean_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies that applied sanctions during the Crimean crisis">List of companies that applied sanctions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaction_of_Russian_intelligentsia_to_the_2014_annexation_of_Crimea" title="Reaction of Russian intelligentsia to the 2014 annexation of Crimea">Reaction of Russian intelligentsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">UN General Assembly Resolution 68/262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Constitution of the Republic of Crimea">2014 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Federal_District" title="Crimean Federal District">Crimean Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Environmental impact of the Russian occupation of Crimea">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin">Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_%22For_the_Return_of_Crimea%22" title="Medal "For the Return of Crimea"">Medal "For the Return of Crimea"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">Capture of the Crimean Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base" title="Capture of Southern Naval Base">Capture of Southern Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Simferopol_incident" title="2014 Simferopol incident">2014 Simferopol incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">History of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire">1783 annexation by Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_People%27s_Republic" title="Crimean People's Republic">Crimean People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">1921–1945 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">1944 deportation of the Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Oblast">1945–1991 Crimean Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_transfer_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 transfer of Crimea">1954 transfer of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Crimean_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="1991–1992 Crimean ASSR">1991–1992 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(1992_to_1995)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)">Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 constitution of Crimea">1992 constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet_dispute" title="Black Sea Fleet dispute">Black Sea Fleet dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea (since 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Crimea" title="President of Crimea">1994–1995 President of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Meshkov" title="Yuriy Meshkov">Yuriy Meshkov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">1994 Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">1997 Partition Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Constitution of Crimea">1998 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_anti-NATO_protests_in_Feodosia" title="2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia">2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">2010 Kharkiv Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine#Bill_"On_the_principles_of_the_State_language_policy"" title="Language policy in Ukraine">2012 law on languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">2013–2014 Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_G7_summit" title="40th G7 summit">40th G7 summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol_International_Airport" title="Simferopol International Airport">Simferopol Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" title="Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea">Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_International_Airport" title="Sevastopol International Airport">Belbek Airport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donuzlav" title="Donuzlav">Donuzlav</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Ochakov" title="Russian cruiser Ochakov">Ochakov</a> scuttling</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perevalne" title="Perevalne">Perevalne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armiansk" title="Armiansk">Armiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhankoi" title="Dzhankoi">Dzhankoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonhar" title="Chonhar">Chonhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Krym" title="Port Krym">Port Krym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strilkove" title="Strilkove">Strilkove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabat_Spit" title="Arabat Spit">Arabat Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novofedorivka" title="Novofedorivka">Novofedorivka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada_of_Crimea" title="Verkhovna Rada of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Crimea" title="Council of Ministers of Crimea">Council of Ministers of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_City_Council" title="Sevastopol City Council">Sevastopol City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Airborne Troops">Russian Airborne Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li></ul></li> <li>Crimean <a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Unity" title="Russian Unity">Russian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks" title="Kuban Cossacks">Kuban Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Choice" title="Ukrainian Choice">Ukrainian Choice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Russia)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Shoigu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Shoigu">Sergey Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Sergun" title="Igor Sergun">Igor Sergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Vitko" title="Aleksandr Vitko">Aleksandr Vitko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Belaventsev" title="Oleg Belaventsev">Oleg Belaventsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Minnikhanov" title="Rustam Minnikhanov">Rustam Minnikhanov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Temirgaliev" title="Rustam Temirgaliev">Rustam Temirgaliev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Berezovsky" title="Denis Berezovsky">Denis Berezovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yeliseyev_(admiral)" title="Sergei Yeliseyev (admiral)">Sergei Yeliseyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chaly" title="Aleksei Chaly">Aleksei Chaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Bezler" title="Igor Bezler">Igor Besler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">Yatsenyuk government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliamentary</a> parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Fatherland%22" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"">Batkivshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukrainian Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Navy" title="Ukrainian Navy">Ukrainian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Ukraine)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tenyukh" title="Ihor Tenyukh">Ihor Tenyukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Hayduk" title="Serhiy Hayduk">Serhiy Hayduk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Dzhemilev" title="Mustafa Dzhemilev">Mustafa Dzhemilev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refat_Chubarov" title="Refat Chubarov">Refat Chubarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lmi_%C3%9Cmerov" title="İlmi Ümerov">İlmi Ümerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahtem_Chiygoz" title="Ahtem Chiygoz">Ahtem Chiygoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Kunitsyn" title="Serhiy Kunitsyn">Serhiy Kunitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuliy_Mamchur" title="Yuliy Mamchur">Yuliy Mamchur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)268" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_in_Donbas" title="Template:War in Donbas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_in_Donbas" title="Template talk:War in Donbas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_in_Donbas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War in Donbas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)268" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas (2014–2022)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li>Followed by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">Humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" title="International reactions to the war in Donbas">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Sanctioned people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Contact_Group_on_Ukraine" title="Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine">Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_volunteer_movement_helping_Ukrainian_forces_in_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Civil volunteer movement helping Ukrainian forces in the war in Donbas">Civil volunteer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Forces_Operation_(Ukraine)" title="Joint Forces Operation (Ukraine)">Joint Forces Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil%E2%80%93military_administrations_(Ukraine)" title="Civil–military administrations (Ukraine)">Civil–military administrations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2014)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2015)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2016)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2018)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2019)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2020)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2021)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Donetsk_(2014)" title="Capture of Donetsk (2014)">Capture of Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemivsk" title="Battle of Artemivsk">Battle of Artemivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk" title="Siege of Sloviansk">Siege of Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kramatorsk" title="Battle of Kramatorsk">Battle of Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mariupol_(2014)" title="Battle of Mariupol (2014)">Battle of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2014)" title="Battles of Sievierodonetsk (2014)">Battles of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Karlivka" title="Battles for Karlivka">Battles for Karlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="First Battle of Donetsk Airport">1st Battle of Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Luhansk_border_base" title="Siege of the Luhansk border base">Siege of the Luhansk border base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnyi_Lyman" title="Battle of Krasnyi Lyman">Battle of Krasnyi Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelenopillia_rocket_attack" title="Zelenopillia rocket attack">Zelenopillia rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_in_Shakhtarsk_Raion" title="Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion">Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horlivka" title="Battle of Horlivka">Battle of Horlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yasynuvata" title="Battle of Yasynuvata">Battle of Yasynuvata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk" title="Battle of Ilovaisk">Battle of Ilovaisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosvitlivka_refugee_convoy_attack" title="Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack">Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novoazovsk" title="Battle of Novoazovsk">Battle of Novoazovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_on_Mariupol_(September_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Offensive on Mariupol (September 2014)">Mariupol offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="Second Battle of Donetsk Airport">2nd Battle of Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debaltseve" title="Battle of Debaltseve">Battle of Debaltseve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyrokyne_standoff" title="Shyrokyne standoff">Shyrokyne standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2015)" title="Battle of Marinka (2015)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Svitlodarsk" title="Battle of Svitlodarsk">Battle of Svitlodarsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2017)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2017)">Battle of Avdiivka (2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">Donbas status referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_Air_Force_Ilyushin_Il-76_shootdown" title="2014 Ukrainian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 shootdown">Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelling_of_Donetsk,_Rostov_Oblast" title="Shelling of Donetsk, Rostov Oblast">Shelling of Donetsk, Rostov Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_cross-border_shelling_of_Ukraine" title="2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine">2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">MH17 shoot-down</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17_shootdown" title="International reactions to the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 shootdown">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2166" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2166">UNSC Resolution 2166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Wales_summit" title="2014 Wales summit">NATO summit in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements#Minsk_Protocol" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_general_elections" title="2014 Donbas general elections">Donbas general elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_G20_Brisbane_summit" title="2014 G20 Brisbane summit">2014 G20 Brisbane summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_bus_attack" title="Volnovakha bus attack">Volnovakha bus attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Mariupol_rocket_attack" title="January 2015 Mariupol rocket attack">Mariupol rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Kramatorsk_rocket_attack" title="February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack">Kramatorsk rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements#Minsk_II" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk II ceasefire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kharkiv_bombing" title="2015 Kharkiv bombing">Kharkiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zakharchenko#Death" title="Alexander Zakharchenko">Assassination of Alexander Zakharchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Donbas_general_elections" title="2018 Donbas general elections">Donbas general elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_to_capitulation!" title="No to capitulation!">No to capitulation!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Self-proclaimed states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> (April 2014 – September 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a> (April 2014 – September 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a> (May 2014 – May 2015) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(Pro-) Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Ukraine" title="Russian separatist forces in Ukraine">Separatist forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_used_by_Russian_people%27s_militias_in_Ukraine" title="List of equipment used by Russian people's militias in Ukraine">List of equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Ukraine" title="Russian separatist forces in Ukraine">Army of the South-East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Army" title="Russian Orthodox Army">Russian Orthodox Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_war_in_Donbas#Vostok_Battalion" title="Combatants of the war in Donbas">Vostok Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Separate_Guards_Artillery_Brigade" title="14th Separate Guards Artillery Brigade">Kalmius Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta_Battalion" title="Sparta Battalion">Sparta Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia_Battalion" title="Somalia Battalion">Somalia Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizrak_Brigade" title="Prizrak Brigade">Prizrak Brigade</a></li></ul></li> <li>Political parties and movements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Republic_(movement)" title="Donetsk Republic (movement)">Donetsk Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Russia_Party" title="New Russia Party">New Russia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic">Communist Party of DPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_to_Luhanshchina" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace to Luhanshchina">Peace to Luhanshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borotba" title="Borotba">Borotba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifascist_Committee_of_Ukraine" title="Antifascist Committee of Ukraine">Antifascist Committee of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Choice" title="Ukrainian Choice">Ukrainian Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Internet Research Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Russian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Crimean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Donetsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Antyufeyev" title="Vladimir Antyufeyev">Vladimir Antyufeyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Basurin" title="Eduard Basurin">Eduard Basurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Berezin" title="Fyodor Berezin">Fyodor Berezin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Bezler" title="Igor Bezler">Igor Bezler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodai" title="Alexander Borodai">Alexander Borodai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Chumachenko" title="Mikhail Chumachenko">Mikhail Chumachenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Igor Girkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Pavel Gubarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Gubareva" title="Ekaterina Gubareva">Ekaterina Gubareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Khakimzyanov" title="Igor Khakimzyanov">Igor Khakimzyanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Khodakovsky" title="Alexander Khodakovsky">Alexander Khodakovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kononov_(Donetsk_People%27s_Republic)" title="Vladimir Kononov (Donetsk People's Republic)">Vladimir Kononov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Pavlov" title="Arsen Pavlov">Arsen Pavlov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ponomarev_(public_figure)" title="Vyacheslav Ponomarev (public figure)">Vyacheslav Ponomarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Purgin" title="Andrei Purgin">Andrei Purgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tolstykh" title="Mikhail Tolstykh">Mikhail Tolstykh</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zakharchenko" title="Alexander Zakharchenko">Alexander Zakharchenko</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Zhurikov" title="Sergei Zhurikov">Sergei Zhurikov</a></li></ul></li> <li>Luhansk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bednov" title="Alexander Bednov">Alexander Bednov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Bolotov" title="Valery Bolotov">Valery Bolotov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Karyakin" title="Aleksey Karyakin">Aleksey Karyakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Kharitonov_(politician)" title="Aleksandr Kharitonov (politician)">Aleksandr Kharitonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Klinchaev" title="Arsen Klinchaev">Arsen Klinchaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kozlov_(politician)" title="Sergey Kozlov (politician)">Sergey Kozlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Mozgovoy" title="Aleksey Mozgovoy">Aleksey Mozgovoy</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Plotnitsky" title="Igor Plotnitsky">Igor Plotnitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadiy_Tsypkalov" title="Gennadiy Tsypkalov">Gennadiy Tsypkalov</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>Kharkiv <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Zhylin" title="Yevhen Zhylin">Yevhen Zhylin</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelya_Shtepa" title="Nelya Shtepa">Nelya Shtepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsaryov" title="Oleg Tsaryov">Oleg Tsaryov</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Government of Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">1st Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yatsenyuk_Government" title="Second Yatsenyuk Government">2nd Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groysman_Government" title="Groysman Government">Groysman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azov_Brigade" title="Azov Brigade">Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_Battalion" title="Donbas Battalion">Donbas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Police_Forces_(Ukraine)" title="Special Police Forces (Ukraine)">Patrol Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro-1_Regiment" title="Dnipro-1 Regiment">Dnipro-1</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukrainian Ground Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_territorial_defence_battalions" title="Ukrainian territorial defence battalions">Territorial defense battalions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aidar_Battalion" title="Aidar Battalion">Aidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="39th Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Dnipro-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="40th Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Kryvbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="42nd Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Rukh Oporu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukrainian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Assault_Forces" title="Ukrainian Air Assault Forces">Ukrainian Air Assault Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Group_(Ukraine)" title="Alpha Group (Ukraine)">Alpha Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan_Press" title="Euromaidan Press">Euromaidan Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard_Service_of_Ukraine" title="State Border Guard Service of Ukraine">State Border Guard Service of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_volunteer_battalions" title="Ukrainian volunteer battalions">Volunteer battalions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Groysman" title="Volodymyr Groysman">Volodymyr Groysman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Lutsenko" title="Yuriy Lutsenko">Yuriy Lutsenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Heletey" title="Valeriy Heletey">Valeriy Heletey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Poltorak" title="Stepan Poltorak">Stepan Poltorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Koval" title="Mykhailo Koval">Mykhailo Koval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Makhnitskyi" title="Oleh Makhnitskyi">Oleh Makhnitskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Muzhenko" title="Viktor Muzhenko">Viktor Muzhenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Yarema" title="Vitaly Yarema">Vitaly Yarema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Liashko" title="Oleh Liashko">Oleh Liashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Dmytro Yarosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetov" title="Rinat Akhmetov">Rinat Akhmetov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Kolomoyskyi" title="Ihor Kolomoyskyi">Ihor Kolomoyskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Taruta" title="Serhiy Taruta">Serhiy Taruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Baluta" title="Ihor Baluta">Ihor Baluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semen_Semenchenko" title="Semen Semenchenko">Semen Semenchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Moskal" title="Hennadiy Moskal">Hennadiy Moskal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadiya_Savchenko" title="Nadiya Savchenko">Nadiya Savchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tuka" title="George Tuka">George Tuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Zhebrivskyi" title="Pavlo Zhebrivskyi">Pavlo Zhebrivskyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mueller_special_counsel_investigation210" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Template:Mueller special counsel investigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Template talk:Mueller special counsel investigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mueller special counsel investigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mueller_special_counsel_investigation210" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scope</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Dismissal of James Comey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump associates and Russian officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steele_dossier" title="Steele dossier">Steele dossier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">2016 election interference (before July 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections_(July_2016_%E2%80%93_election_day)" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (July 2016 – election day)">(July 2016 – election day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_post-election_transition_following_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of post-election transition following Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">(post-election transition)</a></li> <li>2017 investigations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (January–June 2017)">Jan–Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (July–December 2017)">Jul–Dec</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 investigations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)">Jan–Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)">Jul–Dec</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 investigations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2019)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (January–June 2019)">Jan–Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (July–December 2019)">Jul–Dec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(2020%E2%80%932022)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (2020–2022)">2020–2022 investigations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Rosenstein" title="Rod Rosenstein">Rod Rosenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_teams_involved_in_the_Mueller_Special_Counsel_investigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal teams involved in the Mueller Special Counsel investigation">Legal teams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Direct indictments (<a href="/wiki/Criminal_charges_brought_in_the_Mueller_Special_Counsel_investigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal charges brought in the Mueller Special Counsel investigation">list of charges</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">At large</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concord_Management_and_Consulting" title="Concord Management and Consulting">Concord Management and Consulting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Internet Research Agency (IRA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Bear" title="Fancy Bear">Fancy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kilimnik" title="Konstantin Kilimnik">Konstantin Kilimnik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pled not guilty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concord_Management_and_Consulting" title="Concord Management and Consulting">Concord Management and Consulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trials_of_Paul_Manafort" title="Trials of Paul Manafort">trials</a> – found guilty</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Roger Stone</a> – found guilty</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pleaded guilty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Flynn" title="United States v. Flynn">trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Papadopoulos" title="George Papadopoulos">George Papadopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Gates_(political_consultant)" title="Rick Gates (political consultant)">Rick Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_van_der_Zwaan" title="Alex van der Zwaan">Alex van der Zwaan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charges dropped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Flynn" title="United States v. Flynn">trials</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Died while at large</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Criminal referrals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_B._Craig" title="Gregory B. Craig">Greg Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Patten" title="Sam Patten">Sam Patten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outcome</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">Barr letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_report" title="Mueller report">Mueller report</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Mueller_Special_Counsel_investigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactions to the Mueller Special Counsel investigation">reactions to the Mueller Special Counsel investigation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Page" title="Carter Page">Carter Page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_meeting" title="Trump Tower meeting">Trump Tower meeting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetshin" title="Rinat Akhmetshin">Rinat Akhmetshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Goldstone" title="Rob Goldstone">Rob Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Kaveladze" title="Ike Kaveladze">Ike Kaveladze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Trump Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Veselnitskaya" title="Natalia Veselnitskaya">Natalia Veselnitskaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic National Committee cyber attacks">Democratic National Committee cyber attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Corsi" title="Jerome Corsi">Jerome Corsi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency of Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Counsel_Independence_and_Integrity_Act" title="Special Counsel Independence and Integrity Act">Special Counsel Independence and Integrity Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2018_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2018 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2018 United States elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Khusyaynova" title="Elena Khusyaynova">Elena Khusyaynova</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Template:Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic National Committee cyber attacks">DNC cyber attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Bear" title="Fancy Bear">Fancy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">SVR RF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_Bear" title="Cozy Bear">Cozy Bear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee cyber attacks">DCCC cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_election_leaks" title="2016 United States election leaks">Leaks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Committee_email_leak" title="2016 Democratic National Committee email leak">DNC email leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podesta_emails" title="Podesta emails">Podesta emails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCLeaks" title="DCLeaks">DCLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate conspiracy theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2016 United States presidential election">Social media</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Analytica" title="Cambridge Analytica">Cambridge Analytica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news_websites_in_the_United_States" title="Fake news websites in the United States">Fake news websites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Russia and Black Lives Matter">Russia and BLM</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Timelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topical_timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Topical timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Topical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">before July 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections_(July_2016_%E2%80%93_election_day)" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (July 2016 – election day)">July 2016 – election day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_post-election_transition_following_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of post-election transition following Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (January–June 2017)">Jan–Jun 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (July–December 2017)">Jul–Dec 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)">Jan–Jun 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)">Jul–Dec 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2019)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (January–June 2019)">Jan–Jun 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (July–December 2019)">Jul–Dec 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Donald_Trump_and_Russia_(2020%E2%80%932022)" title="Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (2020–2022)">2020–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timelines_related_to_Donald_Trump_and_Russian_interference_in_United_States_elections" title="Timelines related to Donald Trump and Russian interference in United States elections">Timelines related to Donald Trump and Russian interference in United States elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-election events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steele_dossier" title="Steele dossier">Steele dossier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessing_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_US_Elections" title="Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections">Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Dismissal of James Comey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_investigation_origins_counter-narrative" title="Russia investigation origins counter-narrative">Russia investigation origins counter-narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation" title="Durham special counsel investigation">Durham special counsel investigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_teams_involved_in_the_Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Legal teams involved in the Mueller special counsel investigation">Legal teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_charges_brought_in_the_Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Criminal charges brought in the Mueller special counsel investigation">list of charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Flynn" title="United States v. Flynn">United States v. Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trials_of_Paul_Manafort" title="Trials of Paul Manafort">Trials of Paul Manafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_report" title="Mueller report">Mueller report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">Barr letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump associates and Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia" title="Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia">Trump business projects in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_Moscow" title="Trump Tower Moscow">Trump Tower Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_meeting" title="Trump Tower meeting">Trump Tower meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Reactions to the Mueller special counsel investigation">Reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunes_memo" title="Nunes memo">Nunes memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_v._Russian_Federation" title="Democratic National Committee v. Russian Federation">DNC lawsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2018_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2018 United States elections">2018 interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee_report_on_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Senate Intelligence Committee report on Russian interference in the 2016 United States presidential election">Senate Intelligence Committee report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections">2020 interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulkan_files_leak" title="Vulkan files leak">Vulkan files leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_papers" title="Kremlin papers">Kremlin papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2024 United States elections">2024 interference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_disinformation" title="Russian disinformation">Russian disinformation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare_by_Russia" title="Cyberwarfare by Russia">Cyberwarfare by Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_web_brigades" title="Russian web brigades">Russian web brigades</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Propaganda in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plot_to_Hack_America" title="The Plot to Hack America">The Plot to Hack America</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump:_The_Kremlin_Candidate%3F" title="Trump: The Kremlin Candidate?">Trump: The Kremlin Candidate?</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwar:_How_Russian_Hackers_and_Trolls_Helped_Elect_a_President" title="Cyberwar: How Russian Hackers and Trolls Helped Elect a President">Cyberwar: How Russian Hackers and Trolls Helped Elect a President</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Roulette_(Isikoff_and_Corn_book)" title="Russian Roulette (Isikoff and Corn book)">Russian Roulette</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_Security_Committee_Russia_report" title="Intelligence and Security Committee Russia report">Intelligence and Security Committee report</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_British_politics" title="Russian interference in British politics">Russian interference in British politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_Brexit_referendum" title="Russian interference in the 2016 Brexit referendum">2016 Brexit referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">2017 Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_European_politics" title="Russian interference in European politics">Russian interference in European politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19842818#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata513" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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