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of the World Ocean level</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fluctuations of the World Ocean level"> <meta name="keywords" content="fluctuations of the World Ocean level"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research 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method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fluctuations of the World Ocean level"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 19649</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fluctuations of the World Ocean level</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19649</span> Bosporus Evolution: Its Role in the Black Sea Forming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20V.%20Kuzminov">I. V. Kuzminov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research is dedicated to the issue of Bosporus evolution and its key role in the Black Sea forming. Up till nowadays, there is no distinct picture of the historical and geographical events of the last 10 thousand years on the territory from Altai up to the Alps. The present article is an attempt to clarify and, moreover, link the presented version to the historical and climatic events of this period. The paper is a development of the basic idea stated in "Hypothesis on the Black Sea origin". The succession of events in dynamics is offered in this article. In the article, it is shown that fluctuation of the level of the World Ocean is a mirror of the basic events connected with the climate on the Earth on the one hand and hydraulic processes on the other hand. In the present article, it is come out with the assumption that at the formation of passage, there were some cycles of change in a level of the World ocean. The phase of the beginning of climate warming is characterized by an increase in the level of inland water bodies on the way of meltwater runoff and an increase in the World ocean level. The end of the warming phase is characterized by the continuation of a rise in the level of the World ocean and the drying up of inland water bodies deprived of meltwater replenishment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bosporus" title="Bosporus">Bosporus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan-Pitman%20hypothesis" title=" Ryan-Pitman hypothesis"> Ryan-Pitman hypothesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluctuations%20of%20the%20World%20Ocean%20level" title=" fluctuations of the World Ocean level"> fluctuations of the World Ocean level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Paratethys%20Sea" title=" the Paratethys Sea"> the Paratethys Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20breakthrough" title=" catastrophic breakthrough"> catastrophic breakthrough</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152551/bosporus-evolution-its-role-in-the-black-sea-forming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19648</span> Fluctuations of Transfer Factor of the Mixer Based on Schottky Diode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20V.%20Klyuev">Alexey V. Klyuev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arkady%20V.%20Yakimov"> Arkady V. Yakimov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikhail%20I.%20Ryzhkin"> Mikhail I. Ryzhkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20V.%20Klyuev"> Andrey V. Klyuev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluctuations of Schottky diode parameters in a structure of the mixer are investigated. These fluctuations are manifested in two ways. At the first, they lead to fluctuations in the transfer factor that is lead to the amplitude fluctuations in the signal of intermediate frequency. On the basis of the measurement data of 1/f noise of the diode at forward current, the estimation of a spectrum of relative fluctuations in transfer factor of the mixer is executed. Current dependence of the spectrum of relative fluctuations in transfer factor of the mixer and dependence of the spectrum of relative fluctuations in transfer factor of the mixer on the amplitude of the heterodyne signal are investigated. At the second, fluctuations in parameters of the diode lead to the occurrence of 1/f noise in the output signal of the mixer. This noise limits the sensitivity of the mixer to the value of received signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current-voltage%20characteristic" title="current-voltage characteristic">current-voltage characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluctuations" title=" fluctuations"> fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixer" title=" mixer"> mixer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schottky%20diode" title=" Schottky diode"> Schottky diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1%2Ff%20noise" title=" 1/f noise"> 1/f noise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37525/fluctuations-of-transfer-factor-of-the-mixer-based-on-schottky-diode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">586</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19647</span> Hydrodynamics of Selected Ethiopian Rift Lakes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kassaye%20Bewketu%20Zellelew">Kassaye Bewketu Zellelew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Main Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes suffer from water level fluctuations due to several natural and anthropocentric factors. Lakes located at terminal positions are highly affected by the fluctuations. These fluctuations are disturbing the stability of ecosystems, putting very serious impacts on the lives of many animals and plants around the lakes. Hence, studying the hydrodynamics of the lakes was found to be very essential. The main purpose of this study is to find the most significant factors that contribute to the water level fluctuations and also to quantify the fluctuations so as to identify lakes that need special attention. The research method included correlations, least squares regressions, multi-temporal satellite image analysis and land use change assessment. The results of the study revealed that much of the fluctuations, specially, in Central Ethiopian Rift are caused by human activities. Lakes Abiyata, Chamo, Ziway and Langano are declining while Abaya and Hawassa are rising. Among the studied lakes, Abiyata is drastically reduced in size (about 28% of its area in 1986) due to both human activities (most dominant ones) and natural factors. The other seriously affected lake is Chamo with about 11% reduction in its area between 1986 and 2010. Lake Abaya was found to be relatively stable during this period (showed only a 0.8% increase in its area). Concerned bodies should pay special attention to and take appropriate measures on lakes Abiyata, Chamo and Hawassa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlations" title="correlations">correlations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title=" hydrodynamics"> hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lake%20level%20fluctuation" title=" lake level fluctuation"> lake level fluctuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landsat%20satellite%20images" title=" landsat satellite images"> landsat satellite images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33975/hydrodynamics-of-selected-ethiopian-rift-lakes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19646</span> Evaluating the Relationship between Overconfidence of Senior Managers and Abnormal Cash Fluctuations with Respect to Financial Flexibility in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Mousavi">Hadi Mousavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Davoudi%20Nasr"> Majid Davoudi Nasr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Executives can maximize profits by recognizing the factors that affect investment and using them to obtain the optimal level of investment. Inefficient markets have shortcomings that can impact the optimal level of investment, leading to the process of over-investment or under-investment. In the present study, the relationship between the overconfidence of senior managers and abnormal cash fluctuations with respect to financial flexibility in companies listed in the Tehran stock exchange from 2009 to 2013 were evaluated. In this study, the sample consists of 84 companies selected by a systematic elimination method and 420 year-companies in total. In this research, EVIEWS software was used to test the research hypotheses by linear regression and correlation coefficient and after designing and testing the research hypothesis. After designing and testing research hypotheses that have been used to each hypothesis, it was concluded that there was a significant relationship between the overconfidence of senior managers and abnormal cash fluctuations, and this relationship was not significant at any level of financial flexibility. Moreover, the findings of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between senior manager’s overconfidence and positive abnormal cash flow fluctuations in firms, and this relationship is significant only at the level of companies with high financial flexibility. Finally, the results indicate that there is no significant relationship between senior managers 'overconfidence and negative cash flow abnormalities, and the relationship between senior managers' overconfidence and negative cash flow fluctuations at the level of companies with high financial flexibility was confirmed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abnormal%20cash%20fluctuations" title="abnormal cash fluctuations">abnormal cash fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overconfidence%20of%20senior%20managers" title=" overconfidence of senior managers"> overconfidence of senior managers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20flexibility" title=" financial flexibility"> financial flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting" title=" accounting"> accounting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129607/evaluating-the-relationship-between-overconfidence-of-senior-managers-and-abnormal-cash-fluctuations-with-respect-to-financial-flexibility-in-companies-listed-in-tehran-stock-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19645</span> An Empirical Analysis of the Freight Forwarders’ Buying Behaviour: Implications for the Ocean Container Carriers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Dzakah%20Fanam">Peter Dzakah Fanam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20O.%20Nguyen"> Hong O. Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Cahoon"> Stephen Cahoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to explore the buying behavior of the freight forwarders and to evaluate how their buying decision affects the ocean container carriers’ market share. This study analysed the buying decisions of the freight forwarders and validated the process of stages that the freight forwarders’ pass through before choosing an ocean container carrier. Factor analysis was applied to data collected from 105 freight forwarding companies to unveil the influential factors the freight forwarders’ consider important when selecting an ocean container carrier. This study did not only analysed the buying behaviour of the freight forwarders but also unveiled the influential factors affecting the competitiveness of the ocean container carriers in their market share maximisation. Furthermore, the study have made a methodological contribution that helps in better understanding of the critical factors influencing the selection of the ocean container carriers from the freight forwarders’ perspective. The implications of the freight forwarders’ buying behaviour is important to the ocean container carriers because it have severe effect on the market share of the ocean container carriers and the percentage of customers they control within the liner shipping sector. The findings of this study will help the ocean container carriers to formulate relevant marketing strategies in attracting the freight forwarders in purchasing the liner shipping service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20carrier" title="ocean carrier">ocean carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freight%20forwarder" title=" freight forwarder"> freight forwarder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buying%20behaviour" title=" buying behaviour"> buying behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influential%20factors" title=" influential factors"> influential factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53684/an-empirical-analysis-of-the-freight-forwarders-buying-behaviour-implications-for-the-ocean-container-carriers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19644</span> Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Economic Performance of Manufacturing Sector: Evidence from Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifeoma%20Patricia%20Osamor">Ifeoma Patricia Osamor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayotunde%20Qudus%20Saka"> Ayotunde Qudus Saka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Omoregbee"> Godwin Omoregbee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hikmat%20Oreoluwalomo%20Omolaja"> Hikmat Oreoluwalomo Omolaja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Persistent fall in the value of Nigeria's currency compared to other foreign currencies, constant fluctuations in the exchange rate, and an increase in the price of goods and services necessitated the examination of the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on the economic performance of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. An ex-post facto research design was adopted. Manufacturing gross domestic product (MGDP) was proxied for performance; Naira/Dollar exchange rate (NDE), Naira/Pounds exchange rate (NPE), Foreign exchange supply (FES) were used for exchange rate fluctuations; and inflation rate (INF) was a control variable. Data were collected from CBN Statistical Bulletin (2020) also World Development Indicators of the World Bank, while data collected were analysed using descriptive analysis, unit root, bounds cointegration test, and ARDL. Findings showed that changes in Naira/Dollar exchange rate (NDE) and Naira/Pound Sterling exchange rate negatively but significantly impact the economic performance of the manufacturing sector, while foreign exchange supply leads to an insignificant positive effect on the economic performance of the manufacturing. The study concludes that exchange rate fluctuations negatively impact the performance of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria and, therefore, recommends that government should encourage export diversification through agriculture, agro-investment, and agro-allied industries that would boost export in order to improve the value of the Naira, thereby stabilizing the exchange rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate" title="exchange rate">exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20performance" title=" economic performance"> economic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gross%20domestic%20product" title=" gross domestic product"> gross domestic product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflation%20rate" title=" inflation rate"> inflation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20exchange%20supply" title=" foreign exchange supply"> foreign exchange supply</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155776/exchange-rate-fluctuations-and-economic-performance-of-manufacturing-sector-evidence-from-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19643</span> The Contribution of Density Fluctuations in Ultrasound Scattering in Cancellous Bone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elsariti">A. Elsariti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Evans"> T. Evans </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An understanding of the interaction between acoustic waves and cancellous bone is needed in order to realize the full clinical potential of ultrasonic bone measurements. Scattering is likely to be of central importance but has received little attention to date. Few theoretical approaches have been described to explain scattering of ultrasound from bone. In this study, a scattering model based on velocity and density fluctuations in a binary mixture (marrow fat and cortical matrix) was used to estimate the ultrasonic attenuation in cancellous bone as a function of volume fraction. Predicted attenuation and backscatter coefficient were obtained for a range of porosities and scatterer size. At 600 kHZ and for different scatterer size the effect of velocity and density fluctuations in the predicted attenuation was approximately 60% higher than velocity fluctuations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20scattering" title="ultrasound scattering">ultrasound scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20speed" title=" sound speed"> sound speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20fluctuations" title=" density fluctuations"> density fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuation%20coefficient" title=" attenuation coefficient "> attenuation coefficient </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4810/the-contribution-of-density-fluctuations-in-ultrasound-scattering-in-cancellous-bone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19642</span> Analysis of Criteria for Determining the Location of Hilal Observation in the Tropical Regions: Study of Hilal Observation Location in Bengkulu City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badrun%20Taman">Badrun Taman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to review the use of the Bengkulu Provincial Government Mess as the location of rukyatul hilal because its determination has not been carried out scientifically. There are three things that will be analyzed, namely geographical-astronomical conditions, the suitability of the location with ideal criteria, and the determination of the location of rukyatul hilal in accordance with regional conditions based on the results of the study. The research method used is qualitative with an astronomical geographical approach. The results showed that the factor that strengthened the disturbance from the weather aspect was the western sky horizon in the form of the Indian Ocean sea level. The potential for geographical disturbances on this horizon is high sea waves, relatively high sea breezes, and more seawater vapor due to sea surface temperatures and high air humidity. This study found new criteria for determining the location of the observation crescent. The criteria is the western horizon is not sea level (especially the Indian Ocean). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria" title="criteria">criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=location" title=" location"> location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rukyatul%20Hilal" title=" Rukyatul Hilal"> Rukyatul Hilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropics" title=" tropics"> tropics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20ocean" title=" Indian ocean"> Indian ocean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154295/analysis-of-criteria-for-determining-the-location-of-hilal-observation-in-the-tropical-regions-study-of-hilal-observation-location-in-bengkulu-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19641</span> Aggregate Fluctuations and the Global Network of Input-Output Linkages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Hempfing">Alexander Hempfing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The desire to understand business cycle fluctuations, trade interdependencies and co-movement has a long tradition in economic thinking. From input-output economics to business cycle theory, researchers aimed to find appropriate answers from an empirical as well as a theoretical perspective. This paper empirically analyses how the production structure of the global economy and several states developed over time, what their distributional properties are and if there are network specific metrics that allow identifying structurally important nodes, on a global, national and sectoral scale. For this, the World Input-Output Database was used, and different statistical methods were applied. Empirical evidence is provided that the importance of the Eastern hemisphere in the global production network has increased significantly between 2000 and 2014. Moreover, it was possible to show that the sectoral eigenvector centrality indices on a global level are power-law distributed, providing evidence that specific national sectors exist which are more critical to the world economy than others while serving as a hub within the global production network. However, further findings suggest, that global production cannot be characterized as a scale-free network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20integration" title="economic integration">economic integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20organization" title=" industrial organization"> industrial organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input-output%20economics" title=" input-output economics"> input-output economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20economics" title=" network economics"> network economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20networks" title=" production networks"> production networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88653/aggregate-fluctuations-and-the-global-network-of-input-output-linkages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19640</span> Study of Large-Scale Atmospheric Convection over the Tropical Indian Ocean and Its Association with Oceanic Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supriya%20Manikrao%20Ovhal">Supriya Manikrao Ovhal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In India, the summer monsoon rainfall occurs owing to large scale convection with reference to continental ITCZ. It was found that convection over tropical ocean increases with SST from 26 to 28 degree C, and when SST is above 29 degree C, it sharply decreases for warm pool areas of Indian and for monsoon areas of West Pacific Ocean. The reduction in convection can be influenced by large scale subsidence forced by nearby or remotely generated deep convection, thus it was observed that under the influence of strong large scale rising motion, convection does not decreases but increases monotonically with SST even if SST value is higher than 29.5 degree C. Since convection is related to SST gradient, that helps to generate low level moisture convergence and upward vertical motion in the atmosphere. Strong wind fields like cross equatorial low level jet stream on equator ward side of the warm pool are produced due to convection initiated by SST gradient. Areas having maximum SST have low SST gradient, and that result in feeble convection. Hence it is imperative to mention that the oceanic role (other than SST) could be prominent in influencing large Scale Atmospheric convection. Since warm oceanic surface somewhere or the other contributes to penetrate the heat radiation to the subsurface of the ocean, and as there is no studies seen related to oceanic subsurface role in large Scale Atmospheric convection, in the present study, we are concentrating on the oceanic subsurface contribution in large Scale Atmospheric convection by considering the SST gradient, mixed layer depth (MLD), thermocline, barrier layer. The present study examines the probable role of subsurface ocean parameters in influencing convection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sst" title="sst">sst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=d20" title=" d20"> d20</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olr" title=" olr"> olr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind" title=" wind"> wind</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156972/study-of-large-scale-atmospheric-convection-over-the-tropical-indian-ocean-and-its-association-with-oceanic-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19639</span> Wave Energy: Efficient Conversion of the Big Waves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Moniruzzaman">Md. Moniruzzaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The energy of ocean waves across a large part of the earth is inexhaustible. The whole world will benefit if this endless energy can be used in an easy way. The coastal countries will easily be able to meet their own energy needs. The purpose of this article is to use the infinite energy of the ocean wave in a simple way. i.e. a method of efficient use of wave energy. The paper starts by discussing various forces acting on a floating object and, afterward, about the method. And then a calculation for a 73.39MW hydropower from the tidal wave. Used some sketches/pictures. Finally, the conclusion states the possibilities and advantages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anchor" title="anchor">anchor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity" title=" electricity"> electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20object" title=" floating object"> floating object</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pump" title=" pump"> pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ship%20city" title=" ship city"> ship city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20energy" title=" wave energy"> wave energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154060/wave-energy-efficient-conversion-of-the-big-waves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19638</span> Environmental Threats and Great Barrier Reef: A Vulnerability Assessment of World’s Best Tropical Marine Ecosystems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Kant%20Anand">Ravi Kant Anand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikkey%20Keshri"> Nikkey Keshri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Great Barrier Reef of Australia is known for its beautiful landscapes and seascapes with ecological importance. This site was selected as a World Heritage site in 1981 and popularized internationally for tourism, recreational activities and fishing. But the major environmental hazards such as climate change, pollution, overfishing and shipping are making worst the site of marine ecosystem. Climate change is directly hitting on Great Barrier Reef through increasing level of sea, acidification of ocean, increasing in temperature, uneven precipitation, changes in the El Nino and increasing level of cyclones and storms. Apart from that pollution is second biggest factor which vanishing the coral reef ecosystem. Pollution including over increasement of pesticides and chemicals, eutrophication, pollution through mining, sediment runoff, loss of coastal wetland and oil spills. Coral bleaching is the biggest problem because of the environmental threatening agents. Acidification of ocean water reduced the formation of calcium carbonate skeleton. The floral ecosystem (including sea grasses and mangroves) of ocean water is the key source of food for fishes and other faunal organisms but the powerful waves, extreme temperature, destructive storms and river run- off causing the threat for them. If one natural system is under threat, it means the whole marine food web is affected from algae to whale. Poisoning of marine water through different polluting agents have been affecting the production of corals, breeding of fishes, weakening of marine health and increased in death of fishes and corals. In lieu of World Heritage site, tourism sector is directly affected and causing increasement in unemployment. Fishing sector also affected. Fluctuation in the temperature of ocean water affects the production of corals because it needs desolate place, proper sunlight and temperature up to 21 degree centigrade. But storms, El Nino, rise in temperature and sea level are induced for continuous reduction of the coral production. If we do not restrict the environmental problems of Great Barrier Reef than the best known ecological beauty with coral reefs, pelagic environments, algal meadows, coasts and estuaries, mangroves forests and sea grasses, fish species, coral gardens and the one of the best tourist spots will lost in upcoming years. My research will focus on the different environmental threats, its socio-economic impacts and different conservative measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overfishing" title=" overfishing"> overfishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acidification" title=" acidification"> acidification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutrophication" title=" eutrophication"> eutrophication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14272/environmental-threats-and-great-barrier-reef-a-vulnerability-assessment-of-worlds-best-tropical-marine-ecosystems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19637</span> A Key Parameter in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plant Design and Operation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongjian%20Gu">Yongjian Gu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ocean thermal energy is one of the ocean energy sources. It is a renewable, sustainable, and green energy source. Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) applies the ocean temperature gradient between the warmer surface seawater and the cooler deep seawater to run a heat engine and produce a useful power output. Unfortunately, the ocean temperature gradient is not big. Even in the tropical and equatorial regions, the surface water temperature can only reach up to 28oC and the deep water temperature can be as low as 4oC. The thermal efficiency of the OTEC plants, therefore, is low. In order to improve the plant thermal efficiency by using the limited ocean temperature gradient, some OTEC plants use the method of adding more equipment for better heat recovery, such as heat exchangers, pumps, etc. Obviously, the method will increase the plant's complexity and cost. The more important impact of the method is the additional equipment needs to consume power too, which may have an adverse effect on the plant net power output, in turn, the plant thermal efficiency. In the paper, the author first describes varied OTEC plants and the practice of using the method of adding more equipment for improving the plant's thermal efficiency. Then the author proposes a parameter, plant back works ratio ϕ, for measuring if the added equipment is appropriate for the plant thermal efficiency improvement. Finally, in the paper, the author presents examples to illustrate the application of the back work ratio ϕ as a key parameter in the OTEC plant design and operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20thermal%20energy" title="ocean thermal energy">ocean thermal energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20thermal%20energy%20conversion%20%28OTEC%29" title=" ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)"> ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OTEC%20plant" title=" OTEC plant"> OTEC plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20back%20work%20ratio%20%CF%95" title=" plant back work ratio ϕ"> plant back work ratio ϕ</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141985/a-key-parameter-in-ocean-thermal-energy-conversion-plant-design-and-operation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19636</span> A More Sustainable Decellularized Plant Scaffold for Lab Grown Meat with Ocean Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabella%20Jabbour">Isabella Jabbour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world's population is expected to reach over 10 billion by 2050, creating a significant demand for food production, particularly in the agricultural industry. Cellular agriculture presents a solution to this challenge by producing meat that resembles traditionally produced meat, but with significantly less land use. Decellularized plant scaffolds, such as spinach leaves, have been shown to be a suitable edible scaffold for growing animal muscle, enabling cultured cells to grow and organize into three-dimensional structures that mimic the texture and flavor of conventionally produced meat. However, the use of freshwater to remove the intact extracellular material from these plants remains a concern, particularly when considering scaling up the production process. In this study, two protocols were used, 1X SDS and Boom Sauce, to decellularize spinach leaves with both distilled water and ocean water. The decellularization process was confirmed by histology, which showed an absence of cell nuclei, DNA and protein quantification. Results showed that spinach decellularized with ocean water contained 9.9 ± 1.4 ng DNA/mg tissue, which is comparable to the 9.2 ± 1.1 ng DNA/mg tissue obtained with DI water. These findings suggest that decellularized spinach leaves using ocean water hold promise as an eco-friendly and cost-effective scaffold for laboratory-grown meat production, which could ultimately transform the meat industry by providing a sustainable alternative to traditional animal farming practices while reducing freshwater use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20agriculture" title="cellular agriculture">cellular agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20scaffold" title=" plant scaffold"> plant scaffold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decellularization" title=" decellularization"> decellularization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20water%20usage" title=" ocean water usage"> ocean water usage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168145/a-more-sustainable-decellularized-plant-scaffold-for-lab-grown-meat-with-ocean-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19635</span> Interlinkages and Impacts of the Indian Ocean on the Nile River</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeleke%20Ayalew%20Alemu">Zeleke Ayalew Alemu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indian Ocean and the Nile River play significant roles in shaping the hydrological and ecological systems of the regions they traverse. This study explores the interlinkages and impacts of the Indian Ocean on the Nile River, highlighting key factors such as water flow, nutrient distribution, climate patterns, and biodiversity. The Indian Ocean serves as a major source of moisture for the Nile River, contributing to its annual flood cycle and sustaining the river's ecosystem. The Indian Ocean's monsoon winds influence the amount of rainfall received in East Africa, which directly impacts the Nile's water levels. These monsoonal patterns create a vital connection between the Indian Ocean and the Nile, affecting agricultural productivity, freshwater availability, and overall river health. The Indian Ocean also influences the nutrient levels in the Nile River. Coastal upwelling driven by oceanic currents brings nutrient-rich waters from the depths of the ocean to the surface. These nutrients are transported by ocean currents towards the Red Sea and subsequently enter the Nile. This influx of nutrients supports the growth of plankton, which forms the basis of the river's food web and sustains various aquatic species. Additionally, the Indian Ocean's climate patterns, such as El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole events, exert influence on the Nile River basin. El Niño, for example, can result in drought conditions, reduced precipitation, and altered river flows, impacting agricultural activities and water resource management along the Nile. The Indian Ocean Dipole events can influence the rainfall distribution in East Africa, further impacting the Nile's water levels and ecosystem dynamics. The Indian Ocean's biodiversity is interconnected with the Nile River's ecological system. Many species that inhabit the Indian Ocean, such as migratory birds and marine mammals, migrate along the Nile River basin, utilizing its resources for feeding and breeding purposes. The health of the Indian Ocean's ecosystem thus indirectly affects the biodiversity and ecological balance of the Nile River. Indian Ocean plays a crucial role in shaping the dynamics of the Nile River. Its influence on water flow, nutrient distribution, climate patterns, and biodiversity highlights the complex interdependencies between these two important water bodies. Understanding the interconnectedness and impacts of the Indian Ocean on the Nile is essential for effective water resource management and conservation efforts in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title="water">water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172825/interlinkages-and-impacts-of-the-indian-ocean-on-the-nile-river" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19634</span> Extracting the Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Convert It into Useful Minerals at the Room Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muthana%20A.%20M.%20Jamel%20Al-Gburi">Muthana A. M. Jamel Al-Gburi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Elimination of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas from our atmosphere is very important but complicated, and since there is always an increase in the gas amounts of the other greenhouse ones in our atmosphere, causes by both some of the human activities and the burning of the fossil fuels, which leads to the Global Warming phenomena i.e., increasing the earth temperature to a higher level, creates desertification, tornadoes and storms. In our present research project, we constructed our own system to extract carbon dioxide directly from the atmospheric air at the room conditions and investigated how to convert the gas into a useful mineral or Nano scale fibers made of carbon by using several chemical processes and chemical reactions leading to a valuable building material and also to mitigate the environmental negative change. In the present water pool system (Carbone Dioxide Domestic Extractor), the ocean-sea water was used to dissolve the CO2 gas from the room and converted into carbonate minerals by using a number of additives like shampoo, clay and MgO. Note that the atmospheric air includes CO2 gas has circulated within the sea water by air pump connected to a perforated tubes fixed deep on the pool base. Those chemical agents were mixed with the ocean-sea water to convert the formed acid from the water-CO2 reaction into a useful mineral. After we successfully constructed the system, we did intense experiments and investigations on the CO2 gas reduction level and found which is the optimum active chemical agent to work in the atmospheric conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title="global warming">global warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20gas" title=" CO₂ gas"> CO₂ gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean-sea%20water" title=" ocean-sea water"> ocean-sea water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additives" title=" additives"> additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solubility%20level" title=" solubility level"> solubility level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166931/extracting-the-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-and-convert-it-into-useful-minerals-at-the-room-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19633</span> Promoting Social Advocacy through Digital Storytelling: The Case of Ocean Acidification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun%20Chen%20Yea">Chun Chen Yea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Huei%20Chou"> Wen Huei Chou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many chemical changes in the atmosphere and the ocean are invisible to the naked eye, but they have profound impacts. These changes not only confirm the phenomenon of global carbon pollution, but also forewarn that more changes are coming. The carbon dioxide gases emitted from the burning of fossil fuels dissolve into the ocean and chemically react with seawater to form carbonic acid, which increases the acidity of the originally alkaline seawater. This gradual acidification is occurring at an unprecedented rate and will affect the effective formation of carapace of some marine organisms such as corals and crustaceans, which are almost entirely composed of calcium carbonate. The carapace of these organisms will become more dissoluble. Acidified seawater not only threatens the survival of marine life, but also negatively impacts the global ecosystem via the food chain. Faced with the threat of ocean acidification, all humans are duty-bound. The industrial sector outputs the highest level of carbon dioxide emissions in Taiwan, and the petrochemical industry is the major contributor. Ever since the construction of Formosa Plastics Group's No. 6 Naphtha Cracker Plant in Yunlin County, there have been many environmental concerns such as air pollution and carbon dioxide emission. The marine life along the coast of Yunlin is directly affected by ocean acidification arising from the carbon emissions. Societal change demands our willingness to act, which is what social advocacy promotes. This study uses digital storytelling for social advocacy and ocean acidification as the subject of a visual narrative in visualization to demonstrate the subsequent promotion of social advocacy. Storytelling can transform dull knowledge into an engaging narrative of the crisis faced by marine life. Digital dissemination is an effective social-work practice. The visualization promoting awareness on ocean acidification disseminated via social media platforms, such as Facebook and Instagram. Social media enables users to compose their own messages and share information across different platforms, which helps disseminate the core message of social advocacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20storytelling" title="digital storytelling">digital storytelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visualization" title=" visualization"> visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20acidification" title=" ocean acidification"> ocean acidification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20advocacy" title=" social advocacy"> social advocacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101471/promoting-social-advocacy-through-digital-storytelling-the-case-of-ocean-acidification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19632</span> Wall Pressure Fluctuations in Naturally Developing Boundary Layer Flows on Axisymmetric Bodies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinsuk%20Hong">Chinsuk Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the characteristics of wall pressure fluctuations in naturally developing boundary layer flows on axisymmetric bodies experimentally. The axisymmetric body has a modified ellipsoidal blunt nose. Flush-mounted microphones are used to measure the wall pressure fluctuations in the boundary layer flow over the body. The measurements are performed in a low noise wind tunnel. It is found that the correlation between the flow regime and the characteristics of the pressure fluctuations is distinct. The process from small fluctuation in laminar flow to large fluctuation in turbulent flow is investigated. Tollmien-Schlichting wave (T-S wave) is found to generate and develop in transition. Because of the T-S wave, the wall pressure fluctuations in the transition region are higher than those in the turbulent boundary layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20pressure%20fluctuation" title="wall pressure fluctuation">wall pressure fluctuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer%20flow" title=" boundary layer flow"> boundary layer flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition" title=" transition"> transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axisymmetric%20body" title=" axisymmetric body"> axisymmetric body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20noise" title=" flow noise"> flow noise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41330/wall-pressure-fluctuations-in-naturally-developing-boundary-layer-flows-on-axisymmetric-bodies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19631</span> Advertising Campaigns for a Sustainable Future: The Fight against Plastic Pollution in the Ocean</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhlisur%20Rahman">Mokhlisur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ocean inhibits one of the most complex ecosystems on the planet that regulates the earth's climate and weather by providing us with compatible weather to live. Ocean provides food by extending various ways of lifestyles that are dependent on it, transportation by accommodating the world's biggest carriers, recreation by offering its beauty in many moods, and home to countless species. At the essence of receiving various forms of entertainment, consumers choose to be close to the ocean while performing many fun activities. Which, at some point, upsets the stomach of the ocean by threatening marine life and the environment. Consumers throw the waste into the ocean after using it. Most of them are plastics that float over the ocean and turn into thousands of micro pieces that are hard to observe with the naked eye but easily eaten by the sea species. Eventually, that conflicts with the natural consumption process of any living species, making them sick. This information is not known by most consumers who go to the sea or seashores occasionally to spend time, nor is it widely discussed, which creates an information gap among consumers. However, advertising is a powerful tool to educate people about ocean pollution. This abstract analyzes three major ocean-saving advertisement campaigns that use innovative and advanced technology to get maximum exposure. The study collects data from the selected campaigns' websites and retrieves all available content related to messages, videos, and images. First, the SeaLegacy campaign uses stunning images to create awareness among the people; they use social media content, videos, and other educational content. They create content and strategies to build an emotional connection among the consumers that encourage them to move on an action. All the messages in their campaign empower consumers by using powerful words. Second, Ocean Conservancy Campaign uses social media marketing, events, and educational content to protect the ocean from various pollutants, including plastics, climate change, and overfishing. They use powerful images and videos of marine life. Their mission is to create evidence-based solutions toward a healthy ocean. Their message includes the message regarding the local communities along with the sea species. Third, ocean clean-up is a campaign that applies strategies using innovative technologies to remove plastic waste from the ocean. They use social media, digital, and email marketing to reach people and raise awareness. They also use images and videos to evoke an emotional response to take action. These tree advertisements use realistic images, powerful words, and the presence of living species in the imagery presentation, which are eye-catching and can grow emotional connection among the consumers. Identifying the effectiveness of the messages these advertisements carry and their strategies highlights the knowledge gap of mass people between real pollution and its consequences, making the message more accessible to the mass of people. This study aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of ocean-saving advertisement campaigns and their impact on the public's awareness of ocean conservation. The findings from this study help shape future campaigns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising-campaign" title="advertising-campaign">advertising-campaign</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content-creation" title=" content-creation"> content-creation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=images%20ocean-saving%20technology" title=" images ocean-saving technology"> images ocean-saving technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=videos" title=" videos"> videos</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166326/advertising-campaigns-for-a-sustainable-future-the-fight-against-plastic-pollution-in-the-ocean" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19630</span> Phylogeographic Reconstruction of the Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Invasion in the Atlantic Ocean: The Role of the Farming Systems in the Marine Biological Invasions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Carlos%20Aguirre%20Pabon">Juan Carlos Aguirre Pabon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Sabatino"> Stephen Sabatino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Morris"> James Morris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khor%20Waiho"> Khor Waiho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Murias"> Antonio Murias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon is one of the most important species in aquaculture and is native to the Indo-Pacific Ocean. During its greatest success in world production (70s and 80s) was introduced in many Atlantic Ocean countries for cultivation purposes and is currently reported as established in several countries of this area. Because there are no studies to understand the magnitude of the invasion process, this is an exciting opportunity to test evolutionary hypotheses in the context of marine invasions mediated by culture systems; therefore, the purpose of this study was to reconstruct the scenario of invasion of P. monodon in the Atlantic Ocean, by using mitochondrial DNA and eight loci microsatellites. In addition, samples of the invasion area in the Atlantic Ocean (US, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Guienne Bissau, Senegal), the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Indonesia, India, Mozambique), and some cultivation systems (India, Bangladesh, Madagascar) were collected; and analysis of phylogenetic relationships (using some species of the family), genetic diversity, structure population, and demographic changes were performed. High intraspecific divergence in P. semisulcatus and P. monodon were found, high genetic variability in all sites (especially with microsatellites) and the presence of three clusters or populations. In addition, signs of demographic expansion in the culture population and bottlenecks in the invasive and native populations were found, as well as evidence of gene mixtures from all of the populations studied, implying that cropping systems play an essential role in mitigating the negative effects of the founder effect and providing a source of genetic variability that can ensure the success of the invasion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20introduction" title="species introduction">species introduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=increased%20variability" title=" increased variability"> increased variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic%20changes" title=" demographic changes"> demographic changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promoting%20invasion." title=" promoting invasion."> promoting invasion.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186582/phylogeographic-reconstruction-of-the-tiger-shrimp-penaeus-monodon-invasion-in-the-atlantic-ocean-the-role-of-the-farming-systems-in-the-marine-biological-invasions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19629</span> A World Map of Seabed Sediment Based on 50 Years of Knowledge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Garlan">T. Garlan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Gabelotaud"> I. Gabelotaud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Lucas"> S. Lucas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20March%C3%A8s"> E. Marchès</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Production of a global sedimentological seabed map has been initiated in 1995 to provide the necessary tool for searches of aircraft and boats lost at sea, to give sedimentary information for nautical charts, and to provide input data for acoustic propagation modelling. This original approach had already been initiated one century ago when the French hydrographic service and the University of Nancy had produced maps of the distribution of marine sediments of the French coasts and then sediment maps of the continental shelves of Europe and North America. The current map of the sediment of oceans presented was initiated with a UNESCO's general map of the deep ocean floor. This map was adapted using a unique sediment classification to present all types of sediments: from beaches to the deep seabed and from glacial deposits to tropical sediments. In order to allow good visualization and to be adapted to the different applications, only the granularity of sediments is represented. The published seabed maps are studied, if they present an interest, the nature of the seabed is extracted from them, the sediment classification is transcribed and the resulted map is integrated in the world map. Data come also from interpretations of Multibeam Echo Sounder (MES) imagery of large hydrographic surveys of deep-ocean. These allow a very high-quality mapping of areas that until then were represented as homogeneous. The third and principal source of data comes from the integration of regional maps produced specifically for this project. These regional maps are carried out using all the bathymetric and sedimentary data of a region. This step makes it possible to produce a regional synthesis map, with the realization of generalizations in the case of over-precise data. 86 regional maps of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean have been produced and integrated into the world sedimentary map. This work is permanent and permits a digital version every two years, with the integration of some new maps. This article describes the choices made in terms of sediment classification, the scale of source data and the zonation of the variability of the quality. This map is the final step in a system comprising the Shom Sedimentary Database, enriched by more than one million punctual and surface items of data, and four series of coastal seabed maps at 1:10,000, 1:50,000, 1:200,000 and 1:1,000,000. This step by step approach makes it possible to take into account the progresses in knowledge made in the field of seabed characterization during the last decades. Thus, the arrival of new classification systems for seafloor has improved the recent seabed maps, and the compilation of these new maps with those previously published allows a gradual enrichment of the world sedimentary map. But there is still a lot of work to enhance some regions, which are still based on data acquired more than half a century ago. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20sedimentology" title="marine sedimentology">marine sedimentology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seabed%20map" title=" seabed map"> seabed map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20classification" title=" sediment classification"> sediment classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20ocean" title=" world ocean"> world ocean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78461/a-world-map-of-seabed-sediment-based-on-50-years-of-knowledge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19628</span> The Influence of Disturbances Generated by Arc Furnaces on the Power Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Olczykowski">Z. Olczykowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents the impact of work on the electric arc furnace. Arc equipment is one of the largest receivers powered by the power system. Electric arc disturbances arising during melting process occurring in these furnaces are the cause of an abrupt change of the passive power of furnaces. Currents drawn by these devices undergo an abrupt change, which in turn cause voltage fluctuations and light flicker. The quantitative evaluation of the voltage fluctuations is now the basic criterion of assessment of an influence of unquiet receiver on the supplying net. The paper presents the method of determination of range of voltage fluctuations and light flicker at parallel operation of arc devices. The results of measurements of voltage fluctuations and light flicker indicators recorded in power supply networks of steelworks were presented, with different number of parallel arc devices. Measurements of energy quality parameters were aimed at verifying the proposed method in practice. It was also analyzed changes in other parameters of electricity: the content of higher harmonics, asymmetry, voltage dips. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20quality" title="power quality">power quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arc%20furnaces" title=" arc furnaces"> arc furnaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation%20of%20voltage%20fluctuations" title=" propagation of voltage fluctuations"> propagation of voltage fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disturbances" title=" disturbances"> disturbances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84707/the-influence-of-disturbances-generated-by-arc-furnaces-on-the-power-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19627</span> Integrating Molecular Approaches to Understand Diatom Assemblages in Marine Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shruti%20Malviya">Shruti Malviya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Bowler"> Chris Bowler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental processes acting at multiple spatial scales control marine diatom community structure. However, the contribution of local factors (e.g., temperature, salinity, etc.) in these highly complex systems is poorly understood. We, therefore, investigated the diatom community organization as a function of environmental predictors and determined the relative contribution of various environmental factors on the structure of marine diatoms assemblages in the world’s ocean. The dataset for this study was derived from the Tara Oceans expedition, constituting 46 sampling stations from diverse oceanic provinces. The V9 hypervariable region of 18s rDNA was organized into assemblages based on their distributional co-occurrence. Using Ward’s hierarchical clustering, nine clusters were defined. The number of ribotypes and reads varied within each cluster-three clusters (II, VIII and IX) contained only a few reads whereas two of them (I and IV) were highly abundant. Of the nine clusters, seven can be divided into two categories defined by a positive correlation with phosphate and nitrate and a negative correlation with longitude and, the other by a negative correlation with salinity, temperature, latitude and positive correlation with Lyapunov exponent. All the clusters were found to be remarkably dominant in South Pacific Ocean and can be placed into three classes, namely Southern Ocean-South Pacific Ocean clusters (I, II, V, VIII, IX), South Pacific Ocean clusters (IV and VII), and cosmopolitan clusters (III and VI). Our findings showed that co-occurring ribotypes can be significantly associated into recognizable clusters which exhibit a distinct response to environmental variables. This study, thus, demonstrated distinct behavior of each recognized assemblage displaying a taxonomic and environmental signature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assemblage" title="assemblage">assemblage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diatoms" title=" diatoms"> diatoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20clustering" title=" hierarchical clustering"> hierarchical clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tara%20Oceans" title=" Tara Oceans"> Tara Oceans</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87705/integrating-molecular-approaches-to-understand-diatom-assemblages-in-marine-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19626</span> FEM Based Numerical Simulation and Analysis of a Landslide Triggered by the Fluctuations of Ground-Water Levels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Raj%20Bhat">Deepak Raj Bhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akihiko%20Wakai"> Akihiko Wakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeru%20Ogita"> Shigeru Ogita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yorihiro%20Tanaka"> Yorihiro Tanaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazushige%20Hayashi"> Kazushige Hayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinro%20Abe"> Shinro Abe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the newly developed finite element methods are used for numerical analysis ofa landslide triggered by the fluctuations of ground-water levels in different cases I-IV. In case I, the ground-water level is fixed in such a way that the overall factor of safety (Fs) would be greater or equal to 1 (i.e., stable condition). Then, the ground-water level is gradually increased up to 1.0 m for, making the overall factor of safety (Fs) less than one (i.e., stable or moving condition). Then, the newly developed finite element model is applied for numerical simulation of the slope for each case. Based on the numerical analysis results of each Cases I-IV, the details of the deformation pattern and shear strain pattern are compared to each other. Moreover, the change in mobilized shear strength and local factor of safety along the slip surface of the landslide for each case are discussed to understand the triggering behaviors of a landslide due to the increased in ground water level. It is expected that this study will help to better understand the role of groundwater fluctuation for triggering of a landslide or slope failure disasters, and it would be also helpful for the judgment of the countermeasure works for the prevention and mitigation of landslide and slope failure disasters in near future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20water%20fluctuations" title=" ground water fluctuations"> ground water fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutive%20model" title=" constitutive model"> constitutive model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslides" title=" landslides"> landslides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-term%20disaster%20management%20system" title=" long-term disaster management system"> long-term disaster management system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154661/fem-based-numerical-simulation-and-analysis-of-a-landslide-triggered-by-the-fluctuations-of-ground-water-levels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19625</span> On an Experimental Method for Investigating the Dynamic Parameters of Multi-Story Buildings at Vibrating Seismic Loadings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakir%20Mamedov">Shakir Mamedov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tukezban%20Hasanova"> Tukezban Hasanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research of dynamic properties of various materials and elements of structures at shock affecting and on the waves so many scientific works of the Azerbaijani scientists are devoted. However, Experimental definition of dynamic parameters of fluctuations of constructions and buildings while carries estimated character. The purpose of the present experimental researches is definition of parameters of fluctuations of installation of observations. In this case, a mockup of four floor buildings and sixteen floor skeleton-type buildings built in the Baku with the stiffening diaphragm at natural vibrating seismic affectings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluctuations" title="fluctuations">fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismoreceivers" title=" seismoreceivers"> seismoreceivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20experiments" title=" dynamic experiments"> dynamic experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceleration" title=" acceleration"> acceleration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3188/on-an-experimental-method-for-investigating-the-dynamic-parameters-of-multi-story-buildings-at-vibrating-seismic-loadings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19624</span> The Development of GPS Buoy for Ocean Surface Monitoring: Initial Results</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuar%20Mohd%20Salleh">Anuar Mohd Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Effendi%20Daud"> Mohd Effendi Daud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents a kinematic positioning approach which is use the GPS buoy for precise ocean surface monitoring. A GPS buoy data from two experiments have been processed using a precise, medium-range differential kinematic technique. In each case the data were collected for more than 24 hours at nearby coastal site at a high rate (1 Hz), along with measurements from neighboring tidal stations, to verify the estimated sea surface heights. Kinematic coordinates of GPS buoy were estimated using the epoch-wise pre-elimination and the backward substitution algorithm. Test results show the centimeter level accuracy in sea surface height determination can be successfully achieved using proposed technique. The centimeter level agreement between two methods also suggests the possibility of using this inexpensive and more flexible GPS buoy equipment to enhance (or even replace) the current use of tidal gauge stations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20positioning%20system" title="global positioning system">global positioning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematic%20GPS" title=" kinematic GPS"> kinematic GPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20surface%20height" title=" sea surface height"> sea surface height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS%20buoy" title=" GPS buoy"> GPS buoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tide%20gauge" title=" tide gauge"> tide gauge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23300/the-development-of-gps-buoy-for-ocean-surface-monitoring-initial-results" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19623</span> The Ocean at the Center of Geopolitics: Between an Overflowing Land and an Under-Exploited Sea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Maria%20De%20Azevedo">Ana Maria De Azevedo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We are living a remarkable period, responsible for the thriving of the human population to unprecedented levels. Still, it is empirically obvious that sustaining such a huge population puts a tremendous pressure on our planet. Once Land resources grow scarcer, there is a mounting pressure to find alternatives to support basic human needs elsewhere. Occupying most of our planet, it’s therefore natural that, is not a so distant future, humankind look for such basic subsistence means at the Ocean. Thus, once the Ocean becomes essential to Human subsistence, it is predictable it's moving to the foreground of Geopolitics. Both future technologies and uses of the Ocean, as bidding for the exploration of its resources away from the natural territory of influence of a Country, are susceptible of raising the risk of conflict between traditional political adversaries and/or the dilemma of having to balance economic interests, with various security and defense concerns. Those empirical observations suggest the need to further research on this perspective shift of the main Geopolitical axis to the Ocean, the new sources of conflict that can result thereon, and how to address them. The author suggests a systematic analysis of this problematic, to attain a political and legal international consensus, namely on what concerns updating of the 'United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea' of 10 December 1982, and/or its annexes. To proceed with the present research, the primary analysis was based on a quantitative observation, but reasoning thereon relied essentially on a qualitative process of prospective scenarios assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20resources" title="marine resources">marine resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20geopolitics" title=" ocean geopolitics"> ocean geopolitics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20and%20defense" title=" security and defense"> security and defense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96659/the-ocean-at-the-center-of-geopolitics-between-an-overflowing-land-and-an-under-exploited-sea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19622</span> A Centralized Architecture for Cooperative Air-Sea Vehicles Using UAV-USV</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salima%20Bella">Salima Bella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assia%20Belbachir"> Assia Belbachir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghalem%20Belalem"> Ghalem Belalem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the problem of monitoring and cleaning dirty zones of oceans using unmanned vehicles. We present a centralized cooperative architecture for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to monitor ocean regions and clean dirty zones with the help of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). Due to the rapid deployment of these unmanned vehicles, it is convenient to use them in oceanic regions where the water pollution zones are generally unknown. In order to optimize this process, our solution aims to detect and reduce the pollution level of the ocean zones while taking into account the problem of fault tolerance related to these vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centralized%20architecture" title="centralized architecture">centralized architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20tolerance" title=" fault tolerance"> fault tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title=" UAV"> UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=USV" title=" USV"> USV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84414/a-centralized-architecture-for-cooperative-air-sea-vehicles-using-uav-usv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19621</span> Despiking of Turbulent Flow Data in Gravel Bed Stream </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratul%20Das">Ratul Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present experimental study insights the decontamination of instantaneous velocity fluctuations captured by Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) in gravel-bed streams to ascertain near-bed turbulence for low Reynolds number. The interference between incidental and reflected pulses produce spikes in the ADV data especially in the near-bed flow zone and therefore filtering the data are very essential. Nortek’s Vectrino four-receiver ADV probe was used to capture the instantaneous three-dimensional velocity fluctuations over a non-cohesive bed. A spike removal algorithm based on the acceleration threshold method was applied to note the bed roughness and its influence on velocity fluctuations and velocity power spectra in the carrier fluid. The velocity power spectra of despiked signals with a best combination of velocity threshold (VT) and acceleration threshold (AT) are proposed which ascertained velocity power spectra a satisfactory fit with the Kolmogorov “–5/3 scaling-law” in the inertial sub-range. Also, velocity distributions below the roughness crest level fairly follows a third-degree polynomial series. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20doppler%20velocimeter" title="acoustic doppler velocimeter">acoustic doppler velocimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravel-bed" title=" gravel-bed"> gravel-bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spike%20removal" title=" spike removal"> spike removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reynolds%20shear%20stress" title=" reynolds shear stress"> reynolds shear stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-bed%20turbulence" title=" near-bed turbulence"> near-bed turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20power%20spectra" title=" velocity power spectra"> velocity power spectra</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47047/despiking-of-turbulent-flow-data-in-gravel-bed-stream" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19620</span> Assessment of Tidal Current Energy Potential at LAMU and Mombasa in Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucy%20Patricia%20Onundo">Lucy Patricia Onundo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilfred%20Njoroge%20Mwema"> Wilfred Njoroge Mwema</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tidal power potential available for electricity generation from Mombasa and Lamu sites in Kenya will be examined. Several African countries in the Western Indian Ocean endure insufficiencies in the power sector, including both generation and distribution. One important step towards increasing energy security and availability is to intensify the use of renewable energy sources. The access to cost-efficient hydropower is low in Mombasa and Lamu hence Ocean energy will play an important role. Global-Level resource assessments and oceanographic literature and data have been compiled in an analysis between technology-specific requirements for ocean energy technologies (salinity, tide, tidal current, wave, Ocean thermal energy conversion, wind and solar) and the physical resources in Lamu and Mombasa. The potential for tide and tidal current power is more restricted but may be of interest at some locations. The theoretical maximum power produced over a tidal cycle is determined by the product of the forcing tide and the undisturbed volumetric flow-rate. The extraction of the maximum power reduces the flow-rate, but a significant portion of the maximum power can be extracted with little change to the tidal dynamics. Two-dimensional finite-element, numerical simulations designed and developed agree with the theory. Temporal variations in resource intensity, as well as the differences between small-scale and large-scale applications, are considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20assessment" title="energy assessment">energy assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20tidal%20power" title=" marine tidal power"> marine tidal power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tidal%20dynamics" title=" tidal dynamics"> tidal dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29353/assessment-of-tidal-current-energy-potential-at-lamu-and-mombasa-in-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span 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