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<span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiliates_and_other_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiliates_and_other_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Affiliates and other institutions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Affiliates_and_other_institutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Affiliates and other institutions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Affiliates_and_other_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Il_Mulino" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_Mulino"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Il Mulino</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_Mulino-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegio_Superiore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegio_Superiore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Collegio Superiore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegio_Superiore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty_and_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty_and_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Faculty and staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty_and_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings_and_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rankings and reputation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Points_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Points_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Points of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Points_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Bologna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 84 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جامعة بولونيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة بولونيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidat_de_Bolonya" title="Universidat de Bolonya – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Universidat de Bolonya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universid%C3%A1_de_Bolo%C3%B1a" title="Universidá de Boloña – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Universidá de Boloña" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolonya_Universiteti" title="Bolonya Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bolonya Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بولونیا بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بولونیا بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univ%C3%A9rsitas_Bologna" title="Univérsitas Bologna – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Univérsitas Bologna" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="বোলোনিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বোলোনিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_T%C4%81i-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Bologna Tāi-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bologna Tāi-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Балонскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балонскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Балёнскі ўнівэрсытэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Балёнскі ўнівэрсытэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Болонски университет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Болонски университет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_Bolonya" title="Universitat de Bolonya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat de Bolonya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="University of Bologna" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo%C5%88sk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Boloňská univerzita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Boloňská univerzita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifysgol_Bologna" title="Prifysgol Bologna – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifysgol Bologna" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Bologna" title="Università di Bologna – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Università di Bologna" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Bologna" title="Universität Bologna – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Universität Bologna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_%C3%BClikool" title="Bologna ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bologna ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Πανεπιστήμιο της Μπολόνια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο της Μπολόνια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A8_ed_Bul%C3%A5ggna" title="Universitè ed Bulåggna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Universitè ed Bulåggna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Bolonia" title="Universidad de Bolonia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Bolonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Bolonjo" title="Universitato de Bolonjo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Bolonjo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boloniako_Unibertsitatea" title="Boloniako Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Boloniako Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="دانشگاه بولونیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه بولونیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Bologne" title="Université de Bologne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université de Bologne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A2t_di_Bologne" title="Universitât di Bologne – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Universitât di Bologne" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollscoil_Bhologna" title="Ollscoil Bhologna – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ollscoil Bhologna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilthigh_Bhologna" title="Oilthigh Bhologna – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Oilthigh Bhologna" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Bolo%C3%B1a" title="Universidade de Boloña – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Universidade de Boloña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EB%A1%9C%EB%83%90_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="볼로냐 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼로냐 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բոլոնիայի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոլոնիայի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="बोलोना विश्वविद्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोलोना विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_u_Bologni" title="Sveučilište u Bologni – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveučilište u Bologni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Bologna" title="Universitas Bologna – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Bologna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna-h%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li" title="Bologna-háskóli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bologna-háskóli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Bologna" title="Università di Bologna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università di Bologna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="אוניברסיטת בולוניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת בולוניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Bologna" title="Universitas Bologna – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Universitas Bologna" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბოლონიის უნივერსიტეტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოლონიის უნივერსიტეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Болон университети – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Болон университети" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Mater_Studiorum" title="Alma Mater Studiorum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alma Mater Studiorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo%C5%86as_Universit%C4%81te" title="Boloņas Universitāte – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Boloņas Universitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolonijos_universitetas" title="Bolonijos universitetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bolonijos universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Mater_Studiorum_-_Universit%C3%A0_de_Bologna" title="Alma Mater Studiorum - Università de Bologna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alma Mater Studiorum - Università de Bologna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolognai_Egyetem" title="Bolognai Egyetem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bolognai Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9A%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Болоњски универзитет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Болоњски универзитет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8" title="യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി ഓഫ് ബൊലോഗ്ന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റി ഓഫ് ബൊലോഗ്ന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جامعة بولونيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة بولونيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Bologna" title="Universiti Bologna – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universiti Bologna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Болонийн Их сургууль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Болонийн Их сургууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%82%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="ဘိုလော့ဂ်နာ တက္ကသိုလ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘိုလော့ဂ်နာ တက္ကသိုလ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Bologna" title="Universiteit van Bologna – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Bologna" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ボローニャ大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボローニャ大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Bologna" title="Universitetet i Bologna – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Universitetet i Bologna" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_Bolonha" title="Universitat de Bolonha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Universitat de Bolonha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolonya_universiteti" title="Bolonya universiteti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bolonya universiteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਬੋਲੋਨੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੋਲੋਨੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%81_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="جامعہ بولونا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جامعہ بولونا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_%C3%ABd_Bol%C3%B2gna" title="Università ëd Bològna – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Università ëd Bològna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_Bolo%C5%84ski" title="Uniwersytet Boloński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet Boloński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Bolonha" title="Universidade de Bolonha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Bolonha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_din_Bologna" title="Universitatea din Bologna – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea din Bologna" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Болонский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Болонский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteti_i_Bolonj%C3%ABs" title="Universiteti i Bolonjës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Universiteti i Bolonjës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univirsitati_di_Bulogna" title="Univirsitati di Bulogna – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Univirsitati di Bulogna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="University of Bologna" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolonsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Bolonská univerzita – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bolonská univerzita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerza_v_Bologni" title="Univerza v Bologni – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Univerza v Bologni" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9A%D0%B8" title="Универзитет у Болоњи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет у Болоњи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Bologni" title="Univerzitet u Bologni – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet u Bologni" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolognan_yliopisto" title="Bolognan yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bolognan yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Bologna" title="Universitetet i Bologna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Universitetet i Bologna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Bolonia" title="Unibersidad ng Bolonia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Bolonia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="బోలోగ్నా విశ్వవిద్యాలయం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బోలోగ్నా విశ్వవిద్యాలయం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2" title="มหาวิทยาลัยโบโลญญา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยโบโลญญา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91" title="Донишгоҳи Булунё – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Донишгоҳи Булунё" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Bologna Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bologna Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Болонський університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Public university in Bologna, Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Bologna</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname"><i>Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_University_of_Bologna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Seal_of_the_University_of_Bologna.svg/175px-Seal_of_the_University_of_Bologna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Seal_of_the_University_of_Bologna.svg/263px-Seal_of_the_University_of_Bologna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Seal_of_the_University_of_Bologna.svg/350px-Seal_of_the_University_of_Bologna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1595" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">Seal</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Universitas Bononiensis<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Petrus ubique pater legum Bononia mater</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">St. Peter is everywhere the father of the law, Bologna is its mother</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1088<span class="noprint">; 936 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1088</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/European_Universities_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="European Universities Association">European Universities Association</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" title="Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities">Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Universities" title="International Association of Universities">International Association of Universities</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Scholars_at_Risk" title="Scholars at Risk">Scholars at Risk</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Europaeum" title="Europaeum">Europaeum</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Una_Europa" title="Una Europa">Una Europa</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Universities_Union" title="Mediterranean Universities Union">Mediterranean Universities Union</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Network" title="Utrecht Network">Utrecht Network</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Molari" title="Giovanni Molari">Giovanni Molari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,917<sup id="cite_ref-unibo.it_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unibo.it-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,965<sup id="cite_ref-unibo.it_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unibo.it-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">90,291<sup id="cite_ref-unibo.it_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unibo.it-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">47,253</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">36,266</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctoral students</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,239</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, others: <a href="/wiki/Cesena" title="Cesena">Cesena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">Italy</div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Bologna&params=44_29_38_N_11_20_34_E_source:nowiki_region:IT-45_scale:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°29′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°20′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.49389°N 11.34278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.49389; 11.34278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_town" class="mw-redirect" title="University town">University town</a><br />103 hectares (256 acres)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazine.unibo.it"><i>UNIBO Magazine</i></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BB2D28; color:white;"> </span> Red</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Sports teams</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cusb.unibo.it/it">CUS Bologna</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unibo.it/en/homepage">www<wbr />.unibo<wbr />.it<wbr />/en<wbr />/homepage</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_bologna_wordmark_svg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/University_of_bologna_wordmark_svg.svg/220px-University_of_bologna_wordmark_svg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/University_of_bologna_wordmark_svg.svg/330px-University_of_bologna_wordmark_svg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/University_of_bologna_wordmark_svg.svg/440px-University_of_bologna_wordmark_svg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3185" data-file-height="459" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>University of Bologna</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna</i>, abbreviated <b>Unibo</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, Italy. Teaching began around 1088, with the university becoming organised as guilds of students (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">universitas scholarium</i></span>) by the late 12th century,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">oldest university in continuous operation in the world</a>, and the first degree-awarding institution of higher learning.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt_Janin_2008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt_Janin_2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ridder-Symoens_1992_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridder-Symoens_1992-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university's emblem carries the motto, <i>Alma Mater Studiorum</i> ("Nourishing mother of studies"), and the date <i>A.D. 1088</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-campuses-and-structures_schools_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campuses-and-structures_schools-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With over 90,000 students, the University of Bologna is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_universities_by_enrollment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest universities by enrollment">largest universities in Europe</a>. </p><p>The university saw the first woman to earn a university degree and teach at a university, <a href="/wiki/Bettisia_Gozzadini" title="Bettisia Gozzadini">Bettisia Gozzadini</a>, and the first woman to earn both a doctorate in science and a salaried position as a university professor, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bassi" title="Laura Bassi">Laura Bassi</a>. The University of Bologna has had a central role in the sciences during the medieval age and the Italian renaissance, where it housed and educated <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Copernicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Copernicus">Nicholas Copernicus</a> as well as numerous other renaissance mathematicians.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has educated a wide range of notable alumni, amongst them a large number of Italian scientists, prime ministers, supreme court judges, and priests.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The University of Bologna has campuses in <a href="/wiki/Cesena" title="Cesena">Cesena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a> as well as branch centres abroad in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It houses the fully funded boarding college <i>Collegio Superiore di Bologna,</i> the Bologna School of Advanced Studies,<sup id="cite_ref-campuses-and-structures_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campuses-and-structures-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Bologna" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Bologna">botanical gardens of Bologna</a>, a large number of museums, libraries and archeological collections,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_University_Press" title="Bologna University Press">Bologna University Press</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A4t_Bologna_Deutsche_Nation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Universit%C3%A4t_Bologna_Deutsche_Nation.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A4t_Bologna_Deutsche_Nation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Universit%C3%A4t_Bologna_Deutsche_Nation.jpg/330px-Universit%C3%A4t_Bologna_Deutsche_Nation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Universit%C3%A4t_Bologna_Deutsche_Nation.jpg/440px-Universit%C3%A4t_Bologna_Deutsche_Nation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>The entry of students in the <i>Natio Germanica Bononiae</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Nation_(university)" title="Nation (university)">nation</a> of German students at Bologna; miniature of 1497.</figcaption></figure> <p>The date of the University of Bologna's founding is uncertain. The university was granted a charter (<i><a href="/wiki/Authentica_habita" title="Authentica habita">Authentica habita</a></i>) by <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_Barbarossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I Barbarossa">Frederick I Barbarossa</a> in 1158, but in the 19th century, a committee of historians led by <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a> traced the founding of the university back to 1088, which would make it the oldest continuously operating university in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the development of the institution at Bologna into a university was a gradual process. Paul Grendler writes that "it is not likely that enough instruction and organization existed to merit the term <i>university</i> before the 1150s, and it might not have happened before the 1180s."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The university arose around <a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid societies">mutual aid societies</a> (known as <i>universitates scholarium</i>) of foreign students called "<a href="/wiki/Nation_(university)" title="Nation (university)">nations</a>" (as they were grouped by nationality) for protection against city laws which imposed <a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">collective punishment</a> on foreigners for the crimes and debts of their countrymen. These students then hired scholars from the city's pre-existing lay and ecclesiastical schools to teach them subjects such as liberal arts, notarial law, theology, and <i>ars dictaminis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Scrivener" title="Scrivener">scrivenery</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lectures were given in informal schools called <i>scholae</i>. In time the various <i>universitates scholarium</i> decided to form a larger association, or <i>Studium</i>—thus, the university. The <i>Studium</i> grew to have a strong position of <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> with the city, since by then it derived significant revenue through visiting foreign students, who would depart if they were not well treated. The foreign students in Bologna received greater rights, and collective punishment was ended. There was also collective bargaining with the scholars who served as professors at the university. By the initiation or threat of a <a href="/wiki/Student_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Student strike">student strike</a>, the students could enforce their demands as to the content of courses and the pay professors would receive. University professors were hired, fired, and had their pay determined by an elected council of two representatives from every student "nation" which governed the institution, with the most important decisions requiring a majority vote from all the students to ratify. The professors could also be fined if they failed to finish classes on time, or complete course material by the end of the semester. A student committee, the "Denouncers of Professors", kept tabs on them and reported any misbehavior. Professors themselves were not powerless, however, forming <i>collegia doctorum</i> (professors’ committees) in each faculty, and securing the rights to set examination fees and degree requirements. Eventually, the city ended this arrangement, paying professors from tax revenues and making it a chartered <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public university</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg/250px-Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg/375px-Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg/500px-Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7240" data-file-height="4784" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Archiginnasio_of_Bologna" title="Archiginnasio of Bologna">Archiginnasio</a></i>, main seat of the University between 1563 and 1803</figcaption></figure> <p>The university is historically notable for its teaching of <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)" title="Civil law (common law)">civil law</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indeed, it was set up in large part with the aim of studying the <i><a href="/wiki/Digest_(Roman_law)" title="Digest (Roman law)">Digest</a>,</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a central text in <a href="/wiki/Roman_law" title="Roman law">Roman law</a>, which had been rediscovered in Italy in 1070, and the university was central in the development of <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Roman_law" title="Medieval Roman law">medieval Roman law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until modern times, the only degree granted at that university was the doctorate. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bettisia_Gozzadini" title="Bettisia Gozzadini">Bettisia Gozzadini</a> earned a law degree in 1237, being one of the first women in history to obtain a university degree.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She taught law from her own home for two years, and in 1239 she taught at the university, becoming the first woman in history to teach at a university.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1477, when Pope <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixtus IV">Sixtus IV</a> issued a <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a>, authorizing the creation of <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a> in Sweden, the bull specified that the new university would have the same freedoms and privileges as the University of Bologna—a highly desirable situation for the Swedish scholars. This included the right of Uppsala to establish the four traditional faculties of <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>, law (<a href="/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon law (Catholic Church)">Canon Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_law" title="Roman law">Roman law</a>), medicine, and philosophy, and to award the bachelor's, master's, licentiate, and doctoral degrees. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bassi" title="Laura Bassi">Laura Bassi</a> was born into a prosperous family of Bologna and was privately educated from the age of five.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bassi's education and intellect was noticed by Prospero Lorenzini Lambertini, who became the Archbishop of Bologna in 1731 (later <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a>). Lambertini became the official patron of Bassi. He arranged for a public debate between Bassi and four professors from the University of Bologna on 17 April 1732.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1732, Bassi, aged twenty, publicly defended her forty-nine theses on <i>Philosophica Studia</i><sup id="cite_ref-:4_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the Sala degli Anziani of the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pubblico" title="Palazzo Pubblico">Palazzo Pubblico</a>. The University of Bologna awarded her a doctorate degree on 12 May.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became the first woman to receive a doctorate in science, and the second woman in the world to earn a philosophy doctorate after <a href="/wiki/Elena_Cornaro_Piscopia" title="Elena Cornaro Piscopia">Elena Cornaro Piscopia</a> in 1678, fifty-four years prior. She was by then popularly known as Bolognese <a href="/wiki/Minerva" title="Minerva">Minerva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:52_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 October 1732, the Senate and the University of Bologna granted Bassi's candidature, and in December she was appointed professor of natural philosophy to teach physics.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became the first salaried woman lecturer in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-:10_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus beginning her academic career. She was also the first woman member of any scientific establishment, when she was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Institute_of_Bologna" title="Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna">Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna</a> in 1732.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bassi became the most important populariser of <a href="/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics">Newtonian mechanics</a> in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, the Graecist Benedetto Marzullo in company with <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a>, Renato Barilli, Adelio Ferrero. instituted within the Faculty of Letters and Arts the DAMS (<a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> of <i>discipline delle arti, della musica e dello spettacolo</i>, "Dicipline of <a href="/wiki/Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts">Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">Musics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance</a>"). It was the first degree course of this type to be opened in Italy. Between December 26, 1982, and November 29, 1983, there occurred the DAMS murders (in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i>Delitti del DAMS</i>), dealing with four victims who were students or professors of the DAMS: Angelo Fabbri (a brilliant student of <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a>), Liviana Rossi, the dancer Francesca Alinovi (who was stabbed for 47 times), and Leonarda Polvani.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Library_(23325983125).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Library_%2823325983125%29.jpg/250px-Library_%2823325983125%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Library_%2823325983125%29.jpg/375px-Library_%2823325983125%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Library_%2823325983125%29.jpg/500px-Library_%2823325983125%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4386" data-file-height="2923" /></a><figcaption>University Library in <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Poggi" title="Palazzo Poggi">Palazzo Poggi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collegio-spagna3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Collegio-spagna3.jpg/250px-Collegio-spagna3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Collegio-spagna3.jpg/375px-Collegio-spagna3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Collegio-spagna3.jpg/500px-Collegio-spagna3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Interior view of the Porticum and <i><a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">Loggia</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Collegio_di_Spagna" title="Collegio di Spagna">Royal Spanish College</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiostro_di_San_Giovanni_in_Monte,_gi%C3%A0_sede_del_carcere_cittadino,_ora_sede_di_tre_dipartimenti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Bologna_(Archeologia,_Discipline_Storiche_e_Paleografia_e_Medievistica)._-_panoramio_-_Carlo_Pelagalli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Chiostro_di_San_Giovanni_in_Monte%2C_gi%C3%A0_sede_del_carcere_cittadino%2C_ora_sede_di_tre_dipartimenti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Bologna_%28Archeologia%2C_Discipline_Storiche_e_Paleografia_e_Medievistica%29._-_panoramio_-_Carlo_Pelagalli.jpg/250px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Chiostro_di_San_Giovanni_in_Monte%2C_gi%C3%A0_sede_del_carcere_cittadino%2C_ora_sede_di_tre_dipartimenti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Bologna_%28Archeologia%2C_Discipline_Storiche_e_Paleografia_e_Medievistica%29._-_panoramio_-_Carlo_Pelagalli.jpg/375px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Chiostro_di_San_Giovanni_in_Monte%2C_gi%C3%A0_sede_del_carcere_cittadino%2C_ora_sede_di_tre_dipartimenti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Bologna_%28Archeologia%2C_Discipline_Storiche_e_Paleografia_e_Medievistica%29._-_panoramio_-_Carlo_Pelagalli.jpg/500px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Cloister of <a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_in_Monte,_Bologna" title="San Giovanni in Monte, Bologna">San Giovanni in Monte</a> houses the department of History and Cultures (Archeology, History, Paleography and Medieval studies).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edifici_Distretto_Navile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Edifici_Distretto_Navile.jpg/250px-Edifici_Distretto_Navile.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Edifici_Distretto_Navile.jpg/375px-Edifici_Distretto_Navile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Edifici_Distretto_Navile.jpg/500px-Edifici_Distretto_Navile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><i>Navile Campus</i> houses the departments of Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Pharmacy and Physics and Astronomy.</figcaption></figure> <p>Higher education processes are being harmonised across the European Community. Nowadays the university offers 101 different "<i><a href="/wiki/Laurea" title="Laurea">Laurea</a></i>" or "<i>Laurea breve</i>" first-level degrees (three years of courses), followed by 108 "<i>Laurea specialistica</i>" or "<i>Laurea magistrale</i>" second-level degrees (two years). However 11 other courses have maintained the previous rules of "<i>Laurea specialistica a ciclo unico</i>" or "<i>Laurea magistrale a ciclo unico</i>", with only one cycle of study of five years, except for medicine and dentistry, which require six years of courses. After the "<i>Laurea</i>" one may attain first-level Master (one-year diploma, similar to a postgraduate diploma). After second-level degrees are attained, one may proceed to second-level Master, specialisation schools (residency) or research doctorates (PhD). </p><p>The 11 Schools (which replace the existing 23 faculties) are: </p> <ul><li>School of Agriculture and <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterinary Medicine">Veterinary Medicine</a></li> <li>School of Economics, Management and Statistics</li> <li>School of Engineering and Architecture</li> <li>School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Interpreting and Translation</li> <li>School of Law</li> <li>School of Arts, Humanities, and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Heritage">Cultural Heritage</a></li> <li>School of Medicine and Surgery</li> <li>School of Pharmacy, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Biotechnologies">Biotechnologies</a> and Sport Sciences</li> <li>School of <a href="/wiki/Political_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Sciences">Political Sciences</a></li> <li>School of Psychology and Education Sciences</li> <li>School of Sciences</li></ul> <p>The university is structured in 33 departments<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (66 until 2012), organized by homogeneous research domains that integrate activities related to one or more faculty. A new department of Latin history was added in 2015. </p><p>The 33 departments are: </p> <ul><li>Architecture - DA</li> <li>Cultural Heritage - DBC</li> <li>Chemistry "<a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Ciamician" title="Giacomo Ciamician">Giacomo Ciamician</a>" - CHIM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial Chemistry">Industrial Chemistry</a> "Toso Montanari" - CHIMIND</li> <li>Arts - DARvipem</li> <li>Pharmacy and Biotechnology - FaBiT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Philology" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Philology">Classical Philology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Studies">Italian Studies</a> - FICLIT</li> <li>Philosophy and <a href="/wiki/Communication_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Communication Studies">Communication Studies</a> - FILCOM</li> <li>Physics and Astronomy - DIFA</li> <li>Computer Science and Engineering - DISI</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">Chemical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Materials_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Materials Engineering">Materials Engineering</a> - DICAM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical Engineering">Electrical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Engineering">Electronic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Information_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Engineering">Information Engineering</a> "Guglielmo Marconi" - DEI</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial Engineering">Industrial Engineering</a> - DIN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpreting" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpreting">Interpreting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Translation" title="Translation">Translation</a> - DIT</li> <li>Modern Languages, Literatures, and Cultures - LILEC</li> <li>Mathematics - MAT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental Medicine">Experimental Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagnostic Medicine">Diagnostic Medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Specialty_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialty (medicine)">Specialty Medicine</a> - DIMES</li> <li>Psychology - PSI</li> <li>Agricultural Sciences - DipSA</li> <li>Management - DiSA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological">Biological</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geological" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological">Geological</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Science">Environmental Sciences</a> - BiGeA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomedical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical Sciences">Biomedical</a> and Neuromotor Sciences - DIBINEM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Education Studies">Education Studies</a> "Giovanni Maria Bertin" - EDU</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural Sciences">Agricultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Food Sciences">Food Sciences</a> - DISTAL</li> <li>Economics - DSE</li> <li>Legal Studies - DSG</li> <li>Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC</li> <li>Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET</li> <li>Department for Life Quality Studies - QUVI</li> <li>Political and <a href="/wiki/Social_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Sciences">Social Sciences</a> - SPS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_Science" title="Statistical Science">Statistical Sciences</a> "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Fortunati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Fortunati (page does not exist)">Paolo Fortunati</a>" - STAT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a> and Business Law - SDE</li> <li>History and Cultures - DiSCi</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Affiliates_and_other_institutions">Affiliates and other institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Affiliates and other institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il_Mulino">Il Mulino</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Il Mulino"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1950s, some students of the University of Bologna were among the founders of the review "il Mulino". On 25 April 1951 the first issue of the review was published in Bologna.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a short time, "il Mulino" became one of the most interesting reference points in Italy for the political and cultural debate and established important editorial relationships in Italy and abroad. Editorial activities evolved along with the review. In 1954, the il Mulino publishing house (It. <i>Società editrice il Mulino</i>) was founded, which today represents one of the most relevant Italian publishers. In addition to this were initiated research projects (focusing mostly on the educational institutions and the political system in Italy), that eventually led, in 1964, to the establishment of the Istituto Carlo Cattaneo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collegio_Superiore">Collegio Superiore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Collegio Superiore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Collegio Superiore</i> is an excellence institution inside the University of Bologna, aimed at promoting students' merit through dedicated learning programmes. </p><p>The institution was founded in 1998 as <i>Collegio d'Eccellenza</i>. Together with the Institute for Advanced Study it is part of the Institute for Higher Study. </p><p>The Collegio Superiore offers an additional educational path to students enrolled in a degree programme at the University of Bologna, providing specialized courses as part of an interdisciplinary framework. </p><p>All students of the Collegio Superiore are granted a full-ride scholarship and additional benefits such as the assistance of a personal tutor and free accommodation at the Residence for Higher Study. In order to remain members of the Collegio Superiore students are required to maintain high marks in both their degree programme and the additional courses. </p><p>Beatrice Fraboni, professor of Physics of Matter, has been head of Collegio Superiore since 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Bologna_people" title="List of University of Bologna people">List of University of Bologna people</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Alexander_Vi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pope_Alexander_Vi.jpg/200px-Pope_Alexander_Vi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pope_Alexander_Vi.jpg/300px-Pope_Alexander_Vi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pope_Alexander_Vi.jpg/400px-Pope_Alexander_Vi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1031" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander VI">Alexander VI</a></i></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francesco_Petrarca00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Francesco_Petrarca00.jpg/200px-Francesco_Petrarca00.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Francesco_Petrarca00.jpg/300px-Francesco_Petrarca00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Francesco_Petrarca00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i><a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a></i></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alessandro_Longhi_-_Ritratto_di_Carlo_Goldoni_(c_1757)_Ca_Goldoni_Venezia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Alessandro_Longhi_-_Ritratto_di_Carlo_Goldoni_%28c_1757%29_Ca_Goldoni_Venezia.jpg/200px-Alessandro_Longhi_-_Ritratto_di_Carlo_Goldoni_%28c_1757%29_Ca_Goldoni_Venezia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Alessandro_Longhi_-_Ritratto_di_Carlo_Goldoni_%28c_1757%29_Ca_Goldoni_Venezia.jpg/300px-Alessandro_Longhi_-_Ritratto_di_Carlo_Goldoni_%28c_1757%29_Ca_Goldoni_Venezia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Alessandro_Longhi_-_Ritratto_di_Carlo_Goldoni_%28c_1757%29_Ca_Goldoni_Venezia.jpg/400px-Alessandro_Longhi_-_Ritratto_di_Carlo_Goldoni_%28c_1757%29_Ca_Goldoni_Venezia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7336" data-file-height="8465" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Goldoni" title="Carlo Goldoni">Carlo Goldoni</a></i></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guglielmo_Marconi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Guglielmo_Marconi.jpg/200px-Guglielmo_Marconi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Guglielmo_Marconi.jpg/300px-Guglielmo_Marconi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Guglielmo_Marconi.jpg/400px-Guglielmo_Marconi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></i></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alumni">Alumni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adone_Zoli" title="Adone Zoli">Adone Zoli</a>, former Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.</li> <li>Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Bolognetti" title="Alberto Bolognetti">Alberto Bolognetti</a></li> <li>Pope <a href="/wiki/Alexander_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander VI">Alexander VI</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Figueroa,_1st_Count_of_Romanones" title="Álvaro de Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones">Álvaro de Figueroa</a>, former Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Borghi" title="Anna Borghi">Anna M. Borghi</a>, Italian cognitive psychologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Righi" title="Augusto Righi">Augusto Righi</a>, pioneer in the study of <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetism</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Goldoni" title="Carlo Goldoni">Carlo Goldoni</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">playwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rovelli" title="Carlo Rovelli">Carlo Rovelli</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoretical physicist">theoretical physicist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Severini" title="Carlo Severini">Carlo Severini</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Saint <a href="/wiki/Charles_Borromeo" title="Charles Borromeo">Charles Borromeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Milan">archbishop of Milan</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrado_Gini" title="Corrado Gini">Corrado Gini</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Statistician" title="Statistician">statistician</a>, demographer and sociologist who developed the <a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient/ratio</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian poet, writer and philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daria_de_Pretis" title="Daria de Pretis">Daria de Pretis</a>, Italian jurist, Constitutional Judge of <a href="/wiki/The_Constitutional_Court_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Constitutional Court of Italy">the Constitutional Court of Italy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Della_Valle" title="Diego Della Valle">Diego Della Valle</a>, chairman of the Italian leather goods company <i><a href="/wiki/Tod%27s" title="Tod's">Tod's</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a>, Italian racing driver, engineer and entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_of_Rotterdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus of Rotterdam">Erasmus of Rotterdam</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Zilibotti" title="Fabrizio Zilibotti">Fabrizio Zilibotti</a>, Italian economist and Professor of International and Development Economics at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawziya_Abikar_Nur" title="Fawziya Abikar Nur">Fawziya Abikar Nur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Health minister">Minister for Health and Social Care</a> - <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filip_Ivanovi%C4%87_(politician)" title="Filip Ivanović (politician)">Filip Ivanović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Montenegro)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Montenegro)">Minister of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Paleotti" title="Gabriele Paleotti">Gabriele Paleotti</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasparo_Tagliacozzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasparo Tagliacozzi">Gasparo Tagliacozzi</a>, pioneer of plastic and <a href="/wiki/Reconstructive_surgery" title="Reconstructive surgery">reconstructive surgery</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Matteotti" title="Giacomo Matteotti">Giacomo Matteotti</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pascoli" title="Giovanni Pascoli">Giovanni Pascoli</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII" title="Pope Gregory XIII">Pope Gregory XIII</a> (Ugo Boncompagni);<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pope <a href="/wiki/Gregory_XV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory XV">Gregory XV</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Ricci-Curbastro" title="Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro">Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro</a>, Italian mathematician and the inventor of <a href="/wiki/Tensor_calculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensor calculus">tensor calculus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian inventor and radio pioneer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Susa" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry of Susa">Henry of Susa</a> (Hostiensis);<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pope <a href="/wiki/Innocent_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent IX">Innocent IX</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irnerius" title="Irnerius">Irnerius</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Glossators" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Glossators">School of Glossators</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Chapaprieta" title="Joaquín Chapaprieta">Joaquín Chapaprieta</a>, former Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fernando_L%C3%B3pez_Aguilar" title="Juan Fernando López Aguilar">Juan Fernando López Aguilar</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Justice (Spain)">Minister of Justice</a> - <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_Aranzi" title="Julius Caesar Aranzi">Julius Caesar Aranzi</a>, the pioneer <a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">human anatomists</a> and surgeons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bassi" title="Laura Bassi">Laura Bassi</a>, the world's first woman to earn a university chair in a <a href="/wiki/Science_studies" title="Science studies">scientific field of studies</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian priest, biologist and physiologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Leon Battista Alberti</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Luigi Galvani</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Olivencia" title="Manuel Olivencia">Manuel Olivencia</a>, lawyer and academic;<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Moretti" title="Mauro Moretti">Mauro Moretti</a>, former CEO and general manager of <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_S.p.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo S.p.A.">Leonardo S.p.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Malpighi" title="Marcello Malpighi">Marcello Malpighi</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Nicolaus Copernicus</a>, formulator of the heliocentric universal model;<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Burali_d%27Arezzo" title="Paolo Burali d'Arezzo">Paolo Burali d'Arezzo</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a>, founder of the discipline of <a href="/wiki/Toxicology" title="Toxicology">toxicology</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrizio_Bianchi" title="Patrizio Bianchi">Patrizio Bianchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Public_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Public Education">Minister of Public Education</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Draghi_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Draghi Cabinet">Draghi Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pico_della_Mirandola" class="mw-redirect" title="Pico della Mirandola">Pico della Mirandola</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Pier Luigi Nervi</a>, Italian Structural engineer and architect of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Headquarters" title="UNESCO Headquarters">UNESCO Headquarters</a> Paris (1950).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierluigi_Collina" title="Pierluigi Collina">Pierluigi Collina</a>, Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> referees committee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Gnudi" title="Piero Gnudi">Piero Gnudi</a>, Minister of Tourism and Sports in the Monti cabinet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Mengoli" title="Pietro Mengoli">Pietro Mengoli</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remo_Gaspari" title="Remo Gaspari">Remo Gaspari</a>, Minister of Relationships with the Parliament and Minister of Public Function in the Bettino Craxi and <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a> Cabinet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Domenicali" title="Stefano Domenicali">Stefano Domenicali</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Formula_One_Group" title="Formula One Group">Formula One Group</a>, former CEO of Italian sports car manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Automobili_Lamborghini_S.p.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.">Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.</a> and Team Principal of <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> team <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a>.</li> <li>Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Perelli" title="Tommaso Perelli">Tommaso Perelli</a>, Italian astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torquato_Tasso" title="Torquato Tasso">Torquato Tasso</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulisse_Aldrovandi" title="Ulisse Aldrovandi">Ulisse Aldrovandi</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a>, Italian semiotician, philosopher and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihalj_%C5%A0ilobod_Bol%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Mihalj Šilobod Bolšić">Mihalj Šilobod Bolšić</a> (1724–1787), <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> priest, mathematician, writer, and musical theorist primarily known for writing the first Croatian arithmetic textbook <i>Arithmatika Horvatzka</i> (published in Zagreb, 1758)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_D%27Amore" title="Bruno D'Amore">Bruno D'Amore</a>, mathematician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty_and_staff">Faculty and staff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Faculty and staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable former faculty include:<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>11th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irnerius" title="Irnerius">Irnerius</a></li></ul></li> <li>12th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarus" title="Bulgarus">Bulgarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratian_(jurist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gratian (jurist)">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Gosia" title="Martinus Gosia">Martinus Gosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem">Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Tyre" title="William of Tyre">William of Tyre</a></li></ul></li> <li>13th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benvenutus_Scotivoli" title="Benvenutus Scotivoli">Benvenutus Scotivoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettisia_Gozzadini" title="Bettisia Gozzadini">Bettisia Gozzadini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Guinizelli" title="Guido Guinizelli">Guido Guinizelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Susa" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry of Susa">Henry of Susa</a> <small>(<i>Hostiensis</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_and_Ninety_Companions" title="Paul and Ninety Companions">Paul</a>, Dominican martyr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Gozzolini" title="Sylvester Gozzolini">Sylvester Gozzolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Saliceto" title="William of Saliceto">William of Saliceto</a></li></ul></li> <li>14th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Chrysoloras" title="Manuel Chrysoloras">Manuel Chrysoloras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_de%27_Marignolli" title="Giovanni de' Marignolli">Giovanni de' Marignolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Petrarca" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Petrarca">Francesco Petrarca</a> <small>(also known as <i>Petrarch</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coluccio_Salutati" title="Coluccio Salutati">Coluccio Salutati</a></li></ul></li> <li>15th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Leon Battista Alberti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Nicolaus Copernicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_Swordsmanship" title="Bolognese Swordsmanship">Lippo Bartolomeo Dardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Drohobych" title="Yuriy Drohobych">Yuriy Drohobych</a> <small>(also known as <i>Georgius de Drohobycz</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a></li></ul></li> <li>16th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulisse_Aldrovandi" title="Ulisse Aldrovandi">Ulisse Aldrovandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Magini" title="Giovanni Antonio Magini">Giovanni Antonio Magini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Baldi" title="Camillo Baldi">Camillo Baldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Cardano" class="mw-redirect" title="Girolamo Cardano">Girolamo Cardano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Danti" title="Ignazio Danti">Ignazio Danti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Della_Casa" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Della Casa">Giovanni Della Casa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Maggi" title="Girolamo Maggi">Girolamo Maggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Malvezzi" title="Virgilio Malvezzi">Virgilio Malvezzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a></li></ul></li> <li>17th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Cassini" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Cassini">Giovanni Cassini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niall_%C3%93_Glac%C3%A1in" title="Niall Ó Glacáin">Niall Ó Glacáin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Malpighi" title="Marcello Malpighi">Marcello Malpighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Mengoli" title="Pietro Mengoli">Pietro Mengoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodovico_Scapinelli" title="Lodovico Scapinelli">Lodovico Scapinelli</a></li></ul></li> <li>18th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bassi" title="Laura Bassi">Laura Bassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Luigi Galvani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Gaetana_Agnesi" title="Maria Gaetana Agnesi">Maria Gaetana Agnesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Goldoni" title="Carlo Goldoni">Carlo Goldoni</a></li></ul></li> <li>19th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Righi" title="Augusto Righi">Augusto Righi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Ciamician" title="Giacomo Ciamician">Giacomo Ciamician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pascoli" title="Giovanni Pascoli">Giovanni Pascoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellegrino_Rossi" title="Pellegrino Rossi">Pellegrino Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Selmi" title="Francesco Selmi">Francesco Selmi</a></li></ul></li> <li>20th century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beppo_Levi" title="Beppo Levi">Beppo Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Matilde_Principi" title="Maria Matilde Principi">Maria Matilde Principi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a></li></ul></li> <li>21st century <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamida_Barmaki" title="Hamida Barmaki">Hamida Barmaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zalp_Babao%C4%9Flu" title="Özalp Babaoğlu">Özalp Babaoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriella_Campadelli-Fiume" title="Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume">Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Cesare_Bori" title="Pier Cesare Bori">Pier Cesare Bori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Barbera" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusto Barbera">Augusto Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gualtiero_Calboli" title="Gualtiero Calboli">Gualtiero Calboli</a><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano_Dionigi" title="Ivano Dionigi">Ivano Dionigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Floridi" title="Luciano Floridi">Luciano Floridi</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rankings_and_reputation">Rankings and reputation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rankings and reputation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">University rankings</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Global – Overall</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">201-300 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#Center_for_World_University_Rankings" title="College and university rankings">CWUR</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">201 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/CWTS_Leiden_Ranking" title="CWTS Leiden Ranking">CWTS</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">113 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">=133 (2025)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">=155 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">USNWR</a></i> Global<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">=130 (2024-25)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 2024 <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a> ranked the University of Bologna 154th in the world as well as 73rd (1st in Italy, 18th in Europe) with specific reference to academic reputation. In another measurement by the same organization, it was positioned among the world's top 100 universities for graduate employability.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a>, it claimed the 155th place globally.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2023 <a href="/w/index.php?title=THE_Impact_Rankings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="THE Impact Rankings (page does not exist)">THE Impact Rankings</a>, which measure the universities' commitment to sustainable development in compliance with the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">UN 2030 Agenda</a>, Bologna took 5th place in Europe and 23rd in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, Bologna topped Italy's 2023 list of large public universities (> 40,000 students), produced by the Italian <a href="/w/index.php?title=CENSIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CENSIS (page does not exist)">Center for Social Investment Studies</a>, for the 14th year in a row.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Points_of_interest">Points of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Points of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Bologna" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Bologna">Orto Botanico dell'Università di Bologna</a></li> <li><span class="machinetrans machinetrans_to_it machinetrans_from_en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dista.unibo.it/Orto%20Agrario/collezione.php">L'Orto Agrario "Filippo Re"</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> (<span title="Caution: Machine translations may be inaccurate." style="border-bottom: 1px dashed #86a1ff;">Translate</span> to English: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dista.unibo.it%2FOrto%2520Agrario%2Fcollezione.php&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&sl=it&tl=en&edit-text=">Google</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=it&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dista.unibo.it%2FOrto%2520Agrario%2Fcollezione.php">Bing</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.yandex.com/translate?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dista.unibo.it%2FOrto%2520Agrario%2Fcollezione.php&lang=it-en">Yandex</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bologna_declaration" title="Bologna declaration">Bologna declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_universities" title="List of medieval universities">List of medieval universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Italy" title="List of universities in Italy">List of universities in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Medieval university</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Records of The Tercentenary Festival of Dublin University</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Ireland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hodges_Figgis" title="Hodges Figgis">Hodges, Figgis & Co.</a> 1894. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781355361602" title="Special:BookSources/9781355361602"><bdi>9781355361602</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Records+of+The+Tercentenary+Festival+of+Dublin+University&rft.place=Dublin%2C+Ireland&rft.pub=Hodges%2C+Figgis+%26+Co.&rft.date=1894&rft.isbn=9781355361602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Charters of foundation and early documents of the universities of the Coimbra Group</i>, Hermans, Jos. M. M., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5867-474-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-5867-474-6">90-5867-474-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unibo.it-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unibo.it_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unibo.it_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unibo.it_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unibo.it/en/university/who-we-are/university-today/university-today">"The University today: numbers and innovation"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Verger2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Jacques Verger (16 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5Z1VBEbF0HAC&pg=PA48">"Patterns"</a>. In Hilde de Ridder-Symoens; Walter Rüegg (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_the_University_in_Europe" title="A History of the University in Europe">A History of the University in Europe</a></i>. Vol. 1, Universities in the Middle Ages. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521541138" title="Special:BookSources/9780521541138"><bdi>9780521541138</bdi></a>. <q>There is no indication, however, that up until around 1180, the Bolognese law schools were anything other than private schools opened and run by each master after his own fashion, gathering together the students that had entered into an agreement with him and paid him fees (collectae) in return for his teaching. The crucial change would seem to have taken place around the years 1180–90. ... The masters, who were themselves mainly Bolognese in origin, agreed from 1189 to swear an oath to the commune not to seek to transfer the <i>studium</i> elsewhere. The students, on the other hand, began to group themselves in nations, according to their places of origin (we hear of the Lombard nation as early as 1191), and these were soon federated into 'universities' with elected rectors at their head.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Patterns&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+University+in+Europe&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003-10-16&rft.isbn=9780521541138&rft.au=Jacques+Verger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5Z1VBEbF0HAC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunt_Janin_2008-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hunt_Janin_2008_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-3462-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-3462-7">0-7864-3462-7</a>, p. 55f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ridder-Symoens_1992-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ridder-Symoens_1992_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5Z1VBEbF0HAC"><i>A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1, Universities in the Middle Ages</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-36105-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-36105-2">0-521-36105-2</a>, pp. 47–55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-campuses-and-structures_schools-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-campuses-and-structures_schools_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unibo.it/en/university/campuses-and-structures/schools">"Schools"</a>. University of Bologna<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schools&rft.pub=University+of+Bologna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unibo.it%2Fen%2Funiversity%2Fcampuses-and-structures%2Fschools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicolaus-Copernicus">"Nicolaus Copernicus | Biography, Facts, Nationality, Discoveries, Accomplishments, & Theory | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Nicolaus+Copernicus+%7C+Biography%2C+Facts%2C+Nationality%2C+Discoveries%2C+Accomplishments%2C+%26+Theory+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FNicolaus-Copernicus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuigi2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Luigi (2012-06-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://universando.com/la-storia-delluniversita-di-bologna/">"La storia dell'Università di Bologna | Universando.com"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+storia+dell%27Universit%C3%A0+di+Bologna+%7C+Universando.com&rft.date=2012-06-27&rft.au=Luigi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funiversando.com%2Fla-storia-delluniversita-di-bologna%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unibo.it/it/ateneo/sedi-e-strutture/bruxelles-new-york-shanghai">"Bruxelles, New York, Shanghai - Università di Bologna"</a>. <i>www.unibo.it</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unibo.it&rft.atitle=Bruxelles%2C+New+York%2C+Shanghai+-+Universit%C3%A0+di+Bologna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unibo.it%2Fit%2Fateneo%2Fsedi-e-strutture%2Fbruxelles-new-york-shanghai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-campuses-and-structures-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-campuses-and-structures_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unibo.it/en/university/campuses-and-structures">"Campuses and Structures"</a>. University of Bologna<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Campuses+and+Structures&rft.pub=University+of+Bologna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unibo.it%2Fen%2Funiversity%2Fcampuses-and-structures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unibo.it/it/ateneo/chi-siamo/galleria-fotografica-e-video/luniversita-di-bologna-palazzi-e-luoghi-del-sapere/musei-universitari">"Musei Universitari - Università di Bologna"</a>. <i>www.unibo.it</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unibo.it&rft.atitle=Musei+Universitari+-+Universit%C3%A0+di+Bologna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unibo.it%2Fit%2Fateneo%2Fchi-siamo%2Fgalleria-fotografica-e-video%2Fluniversita-di-bologna-palazzi-e-luoghi-del-sapere%2Fmusei-universitari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topuniversities.com/worlduniversityrankings/results/2007/overall_rankings/worlds_oldest_universities/">Top Universities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080115092116/http://www.topuniversities.com/worlduniversityrankings/results/2007/overall_rankings/worlds_oldest_universities/">Archived</a> 2008-01-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>World University Rankings</i> Retrieved 2010-1-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eng.unibo.it/PortaleEn/University/Our+History/default.htm">Our History</a> - Università di Bologna</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_L._Gaston2012" class="citation book cs1">Paul L. Gaston (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wyjnHZ1IIlgC&pg=PA18"><i>The Challenge of Bologna: What United States Higher Education Has to Learn from Europe, and Why It Matters That We Learn It</i></a>. Stylus Publishing, LLC. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57922-502-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57922-502-5"><bdi>978-1-57922-502-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Challenge+of+Bologna%3A+What+United+States+Higher+Education+Has+to+Learn+from+Europe%2C+and+Why+It+Matters+That+We+Learn+It&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Stylus+Publishing%2C+LLC.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-57922-502-5&rft.au=Paul+L.+Gaston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwyjnHZ1IIlgC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul F. Grendler, <i>The Universities of the Italian Renaissance</i> (JHU Press, 2002), 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David A. Lines, "The University and the City: Cultural Interactions", in <i>A Companion to Medieval and Renaissance Bologna</i>, ed. Sarah Rubin Blanshei (Leiden: Brill, 2017), 437–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freenation.org/a/f13l3.html">A University Built by the Invisible Hand</a>, by Roderick T. Long. This article was published in the Spring 1994 issue of <i>Formulations</i>, by the Free Nation Foundation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/University-of-Bologna">"University of Bologna | History & Development"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=University+of+Bologna+%7C+History+%26+Development&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FUniversity-of-Bologna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berman, <i>Law and Revolution</i>, ch. 3; Stein, <i>Roman Law in European History</i>, part 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis#Recovery_in_the_West" title="Corpus Juris Civilis">Corpus Juris Civilis: Recovery in the West</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy1999" class="citation journal cs1">Murphy, Caroline P. (1999). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'In praise of the ladies of Bologna': the image and identity of the sixteenth-century Bolognese female patriciate". <i>Renaissance Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 440–454. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1477-4658.1999.tb00090.x">10.1111/j.1477-4658.1999.tb00090.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0269-1213">0269-1213</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24412719">24412719</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22106487">22106487</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35152874">35152874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renaissance+Studies&rft.atitle=%27In+praise+of+the+ladies+of+Bologna%27%3A+the+image+and+identity+of+the+sixteenth-century+Bolognese+female+patriciate&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=440-454&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A35152874%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1477-4658.1999.tb00090.x&rft.issn=0269-1213&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24412719%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22106487&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Caroline+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonafede1845" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bonafede, Carolina (1845). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0A--q495ZzUC&pg=PA11"><i>Cenni biografici e ritratti d'insigni donne bolognesi: raccolti dagli storici più accreditati</i></a> (in Italian). Sassi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cenni+biografici+e+ritratti+d%27insigni+donne+bolognesi%3A+raccolti+dagli+storici+pi%C3%B9+accreditati&rft.pub=Sassi&rft.date=1845&rft.aulast=Bonafede&rft.aufirst=Carolina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0A--q495ZzUC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:52-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:52_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:52_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bassi-laura-1711-1778">Laura Bassi</a> at Encyclopedia.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Bassi.html">"Laura Bassi (1711 - 1778)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk">mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+World+University+Rankings+2021&rft.date=2020-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2024%2Fworld-ranking%23%21%2Fpage%2F0%2Flength%2F25%2Fsort_by%2Frank%2Fsort_order%2Fasc%2Fcols%2Fstats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/impactrankings#">"Impact Rankings 2020"</a>. 2024-01-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Impact+Rankings+2020&rft.date=2024-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fimpactrankings%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censis.it/sites/default/files/downloads/Classifica%20Censis%20delle%20Universita%20Italiane%202023-2024_0.pdf">"La Classifica Censis delle Università italiane (edizione 2023/2024)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2024-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Classifica+Censis+delle+Universit%C3%A0+italiane+%28edizione+2023%2F2024%29&rft.date=2024-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censis.it%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdownloads%2FClassifica%2520Censis%2520delle%2520Universita%2520Italiane%25202023-2024_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bologna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bologna&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ba.unibo.it%2F&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&sl=es&tl=en&edit-text=">Google</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=es&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ba.unibo.it%2F">Bing</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.yandex.com/translate?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ba.unibo.it%2F&lang=es-en">Yandex</a>)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/RETE/article/view/58873/55223">Scholars and Literati at the University of Bologna (1088–1800)</a>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/RETE">Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae/RETE</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Universities_in_Italy" title="Template:Universities in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Universities in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Italy" title="List of universities in Italy">Universities in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bari" title="University of Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Catania" title="University of Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florence" title="University of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Milan" title="University of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Milan Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">Naples Federico II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">Pisa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisa_University_System" title="Pisa University System">Pisa University System</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Rome La Sapienza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin" title="University of Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Turin" title="Polytechnic University of Turin">Turin Polytechnic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Large Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cagliari" title="University of Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calabria" title="University of Calabria">Arcavacata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Annunzio_University_of_Chieti%E2%80%93Pescara" title="D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara">Chieti–Pescara D'Annunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_della_Campania_Luigi_Vanvitelli" title="Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli">Caserta Luigi Vanvitelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Genoa" title="University of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_L%27Aquila" title="University of L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Messina" title="University of Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Milan_Bicocca" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Milan Bicocca">Milan Bicocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Parma" title="University of Parma">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pavia" title="University of Pavia">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Perugia" title="University of Perugia">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Tre_University" title="Roma Tre University">Rome III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rome_Tor_Vergata" title="University of Rome Tor Vergata">Rome Tor Vergata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salento" title="University of Salento">Salento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salerno" title="University of Salerno">Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Verona" title="University of Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medium Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Bari" title="Polytechnic University of Bari">Bari Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergamo" title="University of Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Brescia" title="University of Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ferrara" title="University of Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marche_Polytechnic_University" title="Marche Polytechnic University">Marche Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Modena_and_Reggio_Emilia" title="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia">Modena and Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_Eastern_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples Eastern University">Naples Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenope_University_of_Naples" title="Parthenope University of Naples">Naples Parthenope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sassari" title="University of Sassari">Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Siena" title="University of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trento" title="University of Trento">Trento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trieste" title="University of Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Udine" title="University of Udine">Udine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Urbino" title="University of Urbino">Urbino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%27_Foscari_University_of_Venice" title="Ca' Foscari University of Venice">Venice Ca' Foscari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Small Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley_University" title="Aosta Valley University">Aosta Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Basilicata" title="University of Basilicata">Potenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Bozen-Bolzano" title="Free University of Bozen-Bolzano">Bozen-Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Camerino" title="University of Camerino">Camerino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cassino" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Cassino">Cassino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Gr%C3%A6cia_University" title="Magna Græcia University">Catanzaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kore_University_of_Enna" title="Kore University of Enna">Enna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Institute_of_Human_Sciences_(SUM)" title="Italian Institute of Human Sciences (SUM)">Florence SUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Foggia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Foggia">Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Insubria" title="University of Insubria">Varese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMT_School_for_Advanced_Studies_Lucca" title="IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca">Lucca IMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Superiore_per_le_Industrie_Artistiche" title="Istituto Superiore per le Industrie Artistiche">ISIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Macerata" title="University of Macerata">Macerata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Molise" title="University of Molise">Campobasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Superiore_Studi_Pavia_IUSS" title="Scuola Superiore Studi Pavia IUSS">Pavia IUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Foreigners_Perugia" class="mw-redirect" title="University for Foreigners Perugia">Perugia Foreigners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Normale_Superiore_di_Pisa" title="Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa">Pisa Normale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisa_University_System" title="Pisa University System">Pisa University System</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anna_School_of_Advanced_Studies" title="Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies">Pisa Sant'Anna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisa_University_System" title="Pisa University System">Pisa University System</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reggio_Calabria" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foro_Italico_University_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Foro Italico University of Rome">Rome Foro Italico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sannio" title="University of Sannio">Sannio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreigners_University_of_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreigners University of Siena">Siena Foreigners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Teramo" title="University of Teramo">Teramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_for_Advanced_Studies" title="International School for Advanced Studies">Trieste SISSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscia_University" title="Tuscia University">Viterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Iuav_di_Venezia" title="Università Iuav di Venezia">Venice IUAV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Eastern_Piedmont" title="University of Eastern Piedmont">Vercelli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_Giustino_Fortunato" title="Università degli Studi Giustino Fortunato">Benevento Giustino Fortunato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gastronomic_Sciences" title="University of Gastronomic Sciences">Bra Gastronomic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libera_Universit%C3%A0_Mediterranea" title="Libera Università Mediterranea">Casamassima LUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Carlo_Cattaneo" title="University Carlo Cattaneo">Castellanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocconi_University" title="Bocconi University">Milan Bocconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Cattolica_del_Sacro_Cuore" title="Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore">Milan Cattolica del Sacro Cuore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitas_University" title="Humanitas University">Milan Humanitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IULM_University_of_Milan" title="IULM University of Milan">Milan IULM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vita-Salute_San_Raffaele_University" title="Vita-Salute San Raffaele University">Milan San Raffaele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suor_Orsola_Benincasa_University_of_Naples" title="Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples">Naples Benincasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_Pegaso" title="Università degli Studi Pegaso">Naples Pegaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_per_stranieri_%22Dante_Alighieri%22_di_Reggio_Calabria" title="Università per stranieri "Dante Alighieri" di Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Campus_Bio-Medico" title="Università Campus Bio-Medico">Rome Biomedical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi_University" title="Guglielmo Marconi University">Rome Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_International_Studies_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="University of International Studies of Rome">Rome International Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Campus_University" title="Link Campus University">Rome Link Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libera_Universit%C3%A0_Internazionale_degli_Studi_Sociali_Guido_Carli" class="mw-redirect" title="Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli">Rome LUISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libera_Universit%C3%A0_Maria_SS._Assunta" title="Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta">Rome Maria SS. Assunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_Niccol%C3%B2_Cusano" title="Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano">Rome Niccolò Cusano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Università Leonardo da Vinci">Torrevecchia Teatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESCP_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="ESCP Europe">Turin ESCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_University_College_of_Turin" title="International University College of Turin">Turin International College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_and_colleges_of_Argentina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Argentine_universities" title="Template:Argentine universities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Argentine_universities" title="Template talk:Argentine universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Argentine_universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Argentine universities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_and_colleges_of_Argentina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Argentina" title="List of universities in Argentina">Universities and colleges of Argentina</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Alto_Uruguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Alto Uruguay (page does not exist)">Alto Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="National University of Arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Arturo_Jauretche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Arturo Jauretche (page does not exist)">Arturo Jauretche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Austral_Patagonia" title="National University of Austral Patagonia">Austral Patagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Avellaneda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Avellaneda (page does not exist)">Avellaneda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Buenos_Aires" title="University of Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Catamarca" title="National University of Catamarca">Catamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Central_Buenos_Aires" title="National University of Central Buenos Aires">Central Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_the_Chaco_Austral" title="National University of the Chaco Austral">Chaco Austral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Chilecito" title="National University of Chilecito">Chilecito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Comahue" title="National University of Comahue">Comahue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Comechingones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Comechingones (page does not exist)">Comechingones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="National University of Córdoba">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Cuyo" title="National University of Cuyo">Cuyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Delta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Delta (page does not exist)">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Entre_R%C3%ADos" title="National University of Entre Ríos">Entre Ríos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Formosa" title="National University of Formosa">Formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_General_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="National University of General San Martín">General San Martín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_General_Sarmiento" title="National University of General Sarmiento">General Sarmiento</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Guillermo_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Guillermo Brown (page does not exist)">Guillermo Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Hurlingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Hurlingham (page does not exist)">Hurlingham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Jos%C3%A9_C._Paz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of José C. Paz (page does not exist)">José C. Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Jujuy" title="National University of Jujuy">Jujuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_La_Matanza" title="National University of La Matanza">La Matanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_La_Pampa" title="National University of La Pampa">La Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_La_Plata" title="National University of La Plata">La Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_La_Rioja" title="National University of La Rioja">La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Lan%C3%BAs" title="National University of Lanús">Lanús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_the_Littoral" title="National University of the Littoral">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Lomas_de_Zamora" title="National University of Lomas de Zamora">Lomas de Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Luj%C3%A1n" title="National University of Luján">Luján</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Mar_del_Plata" title="National University of Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Misiones" title="National University of Misiones">Misiones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Moreno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Moreno (page does not exist)">Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_National_Defense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of National Defense (page does not exist)">National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Technological_University" title="National Technological University">National Technological University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_the_Northeast" title="National University of the Northeast">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Northwestern_Buenos_Aires" title="National University of Northwestern Buenos Aires">Northwestern Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Patagonia_San_Juan_Bosco" title="National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco">Patagonia San Juan Bosco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Pilar_(Argentina)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Pilar (Argentina) (page does not exist)">Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Quilmes" title="National University of Quilmes">Quilmes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Rafaela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Rafaela (page does not exist)">Rafaela</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Ra%C3%BAl_Scalabrini_Ortiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Raúl Scalabrini Ortiz (page does not exist)">Raúl Scalabrini Ortiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_R%C3%ADo_Cuarto" title="National University of Río Cuarto">Río Cuarto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_R%C3%ADo_Negro" title="National University of Río Negro">Río Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_R%C3%ADo_Tercero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Río Tercero (page does not exist)">Río Tercero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Rosario" title="National University of Rosario">Rosario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Salta" title="National University of Salta">Salta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_San_Antonio_de_Areco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of San Antonio de Areco (page does not exist)">San Antonio de Areco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_San_Juan" title="National University of San Juan">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_San_Luis" title="National University of San Luis">San Luis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Santiago_del_Estero" title="National University of Santiago del Estero">Santiago del Estero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_del_Sur" title="Universidad Nacional del Sur">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Tierra_del_Fuego" title="National University of Tierra del Fuego">Tierra del Fuego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Tres_de_Febrero" title="National University of Tres de Febrero">Tres de Febrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Tucum%C3%A1n" title="National University of Tucumán">Tucumán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Villa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="National University of Villa María">Villa María</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Villa_Mercedes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Villa Mercedes (page does not exist)">Villa Mercedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_the_West" title="National University of the West">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_University_of_the_Plata" title="Adventist University of the Plata">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austral_University_(Argentina)" title="Austral University (Argentina)">Austral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_del_Aconcagua" title="Universidad del Aconcagua">Aconcagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Belgrano" title="University of Belgrano">Belgrano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Tecnol%C3%B3gico_de_Buenos_Aires" title="Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_CEMA" title="University of CEMA">CEMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cuenca_del_Plata" title="University of Cuenca del Plata">Cuenca del Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_Argentina_de_la_Empresa" title="Universidad Argentina de la Empresa">Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favaloro_University" title="Favaloro University">Favaloro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Flores" title="Universidad de Flores">Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Agust%C3%ADn_Maza_University" title="Juan Agustín Maza University">Juan Agustín Maza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Latin_American_Educational_Center" title="University of the Latin American Educational Center">Latin American Educational Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Mendoza" title="Universidad de Mendoza">Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Mor%C3%B3n" title="Universidad de Morón">Morón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo_(Buenos_Aires)" title="University of Palermo (Buenos Aires)">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Argentina" title="Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina">Pontifical Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Aquinas_University_of_the_North" title="Saint Thomas Aquinas University of the North">Saint Thomas Aquinas North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_del_Salvador" title="Universidad del Salvador">Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s" title="University of San Andrés">San Andrés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Santiago_del_Estero" title="Catholic University of Santiago del Estero">Santiago del Estero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torcuato_di_Tella_University" title="Torcuato di Tella University">Torcuato di Tella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coimbra_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#4682b4;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coimbra_Group" title="Template:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coimbra_Group" title="Template talk:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coimbra_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coimbra_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Coimbra Group</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">Bergen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">Coimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Dublin (TCD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Galway" title="University of Galway">Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Granada" title="University of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Graz" title="University of Graz">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_University" title="Heidelberg University">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza_University" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza University">Iași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_University" title="Istanbul University">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jena" title="University of Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_catholique_de_Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Université catholique de Louvain">Louvain-la-Neuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Montpellier" title="University of Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry_University_Montpellier_3" title="Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3">Montpellier 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pavia" title="University of Pavia">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Poitiers" title="University of Poitiers">Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">St. Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Siena" title="University of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">Tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turku" title="University of Turku">Turku I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85bo_Akademi_University" title="Åbo Akademi University">Turku II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="University of Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Utrecht_Network_of_European_inter-university_cooperations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Utrecht_network" title="Template:Utrecht network"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Utrecht_network" title="Template talk:Utrecht network"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Utrecht_network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Utrecht network"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Utrecht_Network_of_European_inter-university_cooperations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Network" title="Utrecht Network">Utrecht Network</a> of European inter-university cooperations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Austria</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Graz" title="University of Graz">University of Graz</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Belgium</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Antwerp" title="University of Antwerp">University of Antwerp</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Czech Republic</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Masaryk_University" title="Masaryk University">Masaryk University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Denmark</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Estonia</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Finland</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">University of Helsinki</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">France</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Lille_Nord_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Lille Nord de France">Université Lille Nord de France</a> - <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lille" title="University of Lille">University of Lille</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">University of Strasbourg</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Germany</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bochum" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Bochum">University of Bochum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_University" title="Leipzig University">Leipzig University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Greece</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aristotle_University_of_Thessaloniki" title="Aristotle University of Thessaloniki">Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Hungary</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Eötvös Loránd University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Ireland</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Italy</span></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Bologna</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Latvia</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Latvia" title="University of Latvia">University of Latvia</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Lithuania</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Malta</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Malta" title="University of Malta">University of Malta</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Netherlands</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_School_of_the_Arts" title="Utrecht School of the Arts">Utrecht School of the Arts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Norway</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">University of Bergen</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Poland</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Portugal</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Romania</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza_University" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza University">Alexandru Ioan Cuza University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Slovakia</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comenius_University_in_Bratislava" class="mw-redirect" title="Comenius University in Bratislava">Comenius University in Bratislava</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Slovenia</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Spain</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Complutense University of Madrid</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Valencia" title="University of Valencia">Valencia</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Sweden</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lund" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Lund">Lund</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Switzerland</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Basel" title="University of Basel">University of Basel</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Turkey</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fazi%C3%A7i_University" title="Boğaziçi University">Boğaziçi</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">United Kingdom</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's University Belfast</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">University of Hull</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">Networks of European universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERASMUS_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="ERASMUS programme">ERASMUS programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" title="Template:Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" title="Template talk:Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Guild_of_European_Research-Intensive_Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities">The Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">University of Tübingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> : <a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">Ghent University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_catholique_de_Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Université catholique de Louvain">University of Louvain (UCLouvain)</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> : <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus University</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> : <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Paris_Cit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Paris Cité">Université Paris Cité</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> : <a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Bologna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">University of Groningen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radboud_University_Nijmegen" title="Radboud University Nijmegen">Radboud University Nijmegen</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> : <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian University</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> : <a href="/wiki/Babe%C8%99-Bolyai_University" title="Babeș-Bolyai University">Babeș-Bolyai University</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> : <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> : <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bern" title="University of Bern">University of Bern</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> : <a href="/wiki/Pompeu_Fabra_University" title="Pompeu Fabra University">Pompeu Fabra University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Una_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#3B38EB;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Una_Europa" title="Template:Una Europa"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Una_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Una Europa (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Una_Europa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Una Europa"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Una_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Una_Europa" title="Una Europa"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Una Europa</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">FU Berlin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Kraków (Jagiellonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KU_Leuven" title="KU Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Madrid (Complutense)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_1_Panth%C3%A9on-Sorbonne_University" title="Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University">Paris I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mediterranean_Universities_Union_(UNIMED)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNIMED" title="Template:UNIMED"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UNIMED" title="Template talk:UNIMED"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UNIMED" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UNIMED"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mediterranean_Universities_Union_(UNIMED)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Universities_Union" title="Mediterranean Universities Union">Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Abou_Bekr_Belka%C3%AFd" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd">Abou Bekr Belkaïd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Algiers" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Algiers">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Annaba" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Annaba">Annaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa" title="University of Béjaïa">Béjaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Blida" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Blida">Blida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Constantine_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Constantine 1">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_Nationale_Polytechnique_d%27Oran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École Nationale Polytechnique d'Oran (page does not exist)">ENP Oran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_Nationale_Sup%C3%A9rieure_de_Sciences_Politiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École Nationale Supérieure de Sciences Politiques (page does not exist)">ENSSP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_d%27Architecture_et_d%27Urbanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École Polytechnique d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme (page does not exist)">EPAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mostaganem" title="University of Mostaganem">Mostaganem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oran" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Oran">Oran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouloud_Mammeri_University_of_Tizi-Ouzou" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou">Tizi Ouzou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Academy_for_Science_and_Technology_and_Maritime_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport">AAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_University" title="Alexandria University">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_University" title="Cairo University">Cairo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Arab_Medical_University" title="Al-Arab Medical University">Al-Arab Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Fateh_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Fateh University">Al Fateh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Libya" title="University of Libya">Libya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadi_Ayyad_University" title="Cadi Ayyad University">Cadi Ayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hassan_II_Casablanca" title="University of Hassan II Casablanca">University of Hassan II Casablanca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibnou_Zohr_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibnou Zohr University (page does not exist)">Ibnou Zohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_University" title="Mohammed V University">Mohammed V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carthage_University" title="Carthage University">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gafsa" title="University of Gafsa">Gafsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jendouba" title="University of Jendouba">Jendouba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kairouan" title="University of Kairouan">Kairouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Monastir" title="University of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sfax" title="University of Sfax">Sfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sousse" title="University of Sousse">Sousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis_University" title="Tunis University">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis_El_Manar_University" title="Tunis El Manar University">Tunis El Manar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tirana" title="University of Tirana">Tirana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_University_of_Technology" title="Cyprus University of Technology">CUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cyprus" title="University of Cyprus">University of Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tampere_University" title="Tampere University">Tampere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier_2_University" title="Montpellier 2 University">Montpellier 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_8_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris 8 University">Paris 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne_University" title="Paul Cézanne University">Paul Cézanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panteion_University" title="Panteion University">Panteion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bari" title="University of Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Camerino" title="University of Camerino">Camerino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seconda_Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Napoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli">Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Catania" title="University of Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Annunzio_University_of_Chieti%E2%80%93Pescara" title="D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara">Chieti–Pescara D'Annunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Messina" title="University of Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Modena_and_Reggio_Emilia" title="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia">Modena and Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Molise" title="University of Molise">Campobasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">Naples Federico II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Perugia" title="University of Perugia">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Foreigners_Perugia" class="mw-redirect" title="University for Foreigners Perugia">Perugia Foreigners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reggio_Calabria" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Tre_University" title="Roma Tre University">Rome III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Rome la Sapienza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Pio_V_University_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Pio V University of Rome">Rome S. Pio V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salento" title="University of Salento">Salento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sassari" title="University of Sassari">Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Teramo" title="University of Teramo">Teramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin" title="University of Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Urbino" title="University of Urbino">Urbino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Malta" title="University of Malta">University of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Montenegro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Montenegro" title="University of Montenegro">University of Montenegro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aveiro" title="University of Aveiro">Aveiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_%C3%89vora" title="University of Évora">Évora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Primorska" title="University of Primorska">Primorska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)" title="University of Córdoba (Spain)">University of Córdoba (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Granada" title="University of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">UCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Valencia" title="University of Valencia">Valencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Western_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Western Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jordan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_al-Bayt_University" title="Al al-Bayt University">Al al-Bayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashemite_University" title="Hashemite University">Hashemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Jordan University of Science and Technology">JUST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jordan" title="University of Jordan">University of Jordan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_University" title="Lebanese University">Lebanese University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_University_of_Kaslik" title="Holy Spirit University of Kaslik">Saint-Esprit de Kaslik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palestinian territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University_%E2%80%93_Gaza" title="Al-Azhar University – Gaza">Al-Azhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Najah_National_University" title="An-Najah National University">An-Najah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_University" title="Bethlehem University">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birzeit_University" title="Birzeit University">Birzeit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baath_University" title="Al-Baath University">Al-Baath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aleppo" title="University of Aleppo">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_University" title="Damascus University">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishreen_University" title="Tishreen University">Tishreen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Forum_of_Public_Universities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_libre_de_Bruxelles" title="Université libre de Bruxelles">Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_III:_Sorbonne_Nouvelle" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle">Paris III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bucharest" title="University of Bucharest">Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Lomonosov Moscow State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">Geneva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="University of São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Buenos_Aires" title="University of Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chile" title="University of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_Haiti" title="State University of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico" title="National Autonomous University of Mexico">UNAM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nankai_University" title="Nankai University">Nankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_University" title="Jawaharlal Nehru University">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya_University" title="Nagoya University">Nagoya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ouagadougou" title="University of Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheikh_Anta_Diop_University" title="Cheikh Anta Diop University">Cheikh Anta Diop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_University_at_Agdal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed V University at Agdal">Mohammed V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_Universities_of_the_Adriatic-Ionian_Area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#006D6F; color:#FFFFF0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UniAdrion" title="Template:UniAdrion"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFF0">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UniAdrion" title="Template talk:UniAdrion"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFF0">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UniAdrion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UniAdrion"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFF0">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_Universities_of_the_Adriatic-Ionian_Area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Association of Universities of the Adriatic-Ionian Area</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C0E8D5; color:#FFFFF0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Albania" title="List of universities in Albania">Albania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_University_of_Tirana" title="Agricultural University of Tirana">Agricultural University of Tirana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Good_Counsel_University" title="Our Lady of Good Counsel University">Our Lady of Good Counsel University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_of_Tirana" title="European University of Tirana">European University of Tirana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luarasi_University" title="Luarasi University">Luarasi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Shkod%C3%ABr_%22Luigj_Gurakuqi%22" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Shkodër "Luigj Gurakuqi"">University of Shkodër "Luigj Gurakuqi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Elbasan" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Elbasan">University of Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Medicine,_Tirana" title="University of Medicine, Tirana">University of Medicine, Tirana</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(Venice)_Ca%27_Foscari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%28Venice%29_Ca%27_Foscari.jpg/150px-%28Venice%29_Ca%27_Foscari.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%28Venice%29_Ca%27_Foscari.jpg/225px-%28Venice%29_Ca%27_Foscari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%28Venice%29_Ca%27_Foscari.jpg/300px-%28Venice%29_Ca%27_Foscari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9824" data-file-height="9696" /></a></span><br /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zadar_Sveuciliste.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Zadar_Sveuciliste.jpg/150px-Zadar_Sveuciliste.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_D%C5%BEemal_Bijedi%C4%87_of_Mostar" title="University Džemal Bijedić of Mostar">University Džemal Bijedić of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Banja_Luka" title="University of Banja Luka">University of Banja Luka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mostar" title="University of Mostar">University of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sarajevo" title="University of Sarajevo">University of Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zenica" title="University of Zenica">University of Zenica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C0E8D5; color:#FFFFF0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Croatia" title="List of universities and colleges in Croatia">Croatia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rijeka" title="University of Rijeka">University of Rijeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Split" title="University of Split">University of Split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zadar" title="University of Zadar">University of Zadar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C0E8D5; color:#FFFFF0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Greece" title="List of universities in Greece">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ioannina" title="University of Ioannina">University of Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_University" title="Ionian University">Ionian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Patras" title="University of Patras">University of Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_Educational_Institute_of_Western_Greece" title="Technological Educational Institute of Western Greece">Technological Educational Institute of Western Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_Educational_Institute_of_Epirus" title="Technological Educational Institute of Epirus">Technological Educational Institute of Epirus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C0E8D5; color:#FFFFF0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Italy" title="List of universities in Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marche_Polytechnic_University" title="Marche Polytechnic University">Marche Polytechnic University</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Camerino" title="University of Camerino">University of Camerino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Annunzio_University_of_Chieti%E2%80%93Pescara" title="D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara">D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ferrara" title="University of Ferrara">University of Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Macerata" title="University of Macerata">University of Macerata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Messina" title="University of Messina">University of Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Milano-Bicocca" title="University of Milano-Bicocca">University of Milano-Bicocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">University of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Teramo" title="University of Teramo">University of Teramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trieste" title="University of Trieste">University of Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Udine" title="University of Udine">University of Udine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Urbino" title="University of Urbino">University of Urbino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%27_Foscari_University_of_Venice" title="Ca' Foscari University of Venice">Ca' Foscari University of Venice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C0E8D5; color:#FFFFF0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Montenegro" title="List of universities in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_University" title="Mediterranean University">Mediterranean University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Donja_Gorica" title="University of Donja Gorica">University of Donja Gorica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Montenegro" title="University of Montenegro">University of Montenegro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C0E8D5; color:#FFFFF0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Serbia" title="List of universities in Serbia">Serbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Arts_in_Belgrade" title="University of Arts in Belgrade">University of Arts in Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Belgrade" title="University of Belgrade">University of Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ni%C5%A1" title="University of Niš">University of Niš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Novi_Sad" title="University of Novi Sad">University of Novi Sad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C0E8D5; color:#FFFFF0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Slovenia" title="List of universities in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maribor" title="University of Maribor">University of Maribor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Primorska" title="University of Primorska">University of Primorska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Europaeum" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#960001;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Portugal" title="Catholic University of Portugal">Católica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_University" title="Central European University">CEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Complutense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">FU Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_Institute_of_International_and_Development_Studies" title="Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies">Geneva Graduate Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KU_Leuven" title="KU Leuven">KU Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Luxembourg" title="University of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit%C3%A4t_M%C3%BCnchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München">Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeu_Fabra_University" title="Pompeu Fabra University">Pompeu Fabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">Tartu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131262#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000417571758">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155886025">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/112454-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043915">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118679363">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118679363">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Alma mater studiorum Università di Bologna"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV033745">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35744419">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Università di Bologna"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20050711002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX129973">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/478269">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90679352">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000122583&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000071157&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=248844">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810562950905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/9294">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269484905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058611521606706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01034030?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500312889">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1067557">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026430479">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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