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<span>Operations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capacity_and_organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capacity_and_organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Capacity and organisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capacity_and_organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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href="#2021_Debt_Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>2021 Debt Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021_Debt_Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investment_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investment_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Investment programs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Investment_programs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Investment programs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Investment_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_10,000_MW_fast_track_program_(FTP-1)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_10,000_MW_fast_track_program_(FTP-1)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First 10,000 MW fast track program (FTP-1)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_10,000_MW_fast_track_program_(FTP-1)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_10,000_MW_fast_track_program_(FTP-2)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_10,000_MW_fast_track_program_(FTP-2)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Second 10,000 MW fast track program (FTP-2)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_10,000_MW_fast_track_program_(FTP-2)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PLN_Investment_financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PLN_Investment_financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>PLN Investment financing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PLN_Investment_financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PLN_Investment_projects_and_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PLN_Investment_projects_and_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>PLN Investment projects and plans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PLN_Investment_projects_and_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long-term_plans_(2013-2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long-term_plans_(2013-2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Long-term plans (2013-2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long-term_plans_(2013-2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumatra–Java_grid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Geothermal power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geothermal_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydro_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydro_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Hydro power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydro_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perusahaan Listrik Negara</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پی‌ال‌ان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پی‌ال‌ان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara" title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara" title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara" title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara" title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara" title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara" title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara" title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&params=6_14_26_S_106_48_12.1_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°14′26″S</span> <span class="longitude">106°48′12.1″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.24056°S 106.803361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-6.24056; 106.803361</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indonesian state-owned electricity distribution company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output 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of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_PLN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Logo_PLN.svg/220px-Logo_PLN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Logo_PLN.svg/330px-Logo_PLN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Logo_PLN.svg/440px-Logo_PLN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="359" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Current incarnation of logo used since 1976</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PLN_head_office_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/PLN_head_office_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-PLN_head_office_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/PLN_head_office_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-PLN_head_office_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/PLN_head_office_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-PLN_head_office_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">PLN headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Kebayoran_Baru" title="Kebayoran Baru">Kebayoran Baru</a>, Jakarta</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Jawatan Listrik dan Gas (1945–1961)</li> <li>Badan Pimpinan Umum Perusahaan Listrik Negara (1961–1965)</li> <li>"Old" Perusahaan Listrik Negara (1965–1972)</li> <li>Perusahaan Umum Listrik Negara (State Electricity Public Corporation) (1972–1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Naamloze_vennootschap" title="Naamloze vennootschap">perseroan terbatas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Electrical_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical power">Electrical power</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">Public utility</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessors</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Dutch-era electric utilities, mainly:</b> <ul><li>Maintz & Co. through Electriciteitmaatschappij Aniem N.V.</li> <li>N.V. Gemeentelijk Electriciteitbedrijf Bandoeng en Omstreken (GEBEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherland_Indies_Gas_Company" title="Netherland Indies Gas Company">Overzeese Gas- en Elektriciteitsmaatschappij N.V.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupational</a> electricity utilities under control of the Japan Electric Generation and Transmission Company</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">October 27, 1945<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1945-10-27</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">Jalan Trunojoyo 1/135 <a href="/wiki/Blok_M" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok M">Blok M</a> <a href="/wiki/Kebayoran_Baru,_South_Jakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta">Kebayoran Baru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Darmawan Prasodjo (President Director)<br />Burhanuddin Abdullah (President commissioner)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Rp</a> 285.64 trillion (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-plnfs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plnfs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Rupiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Rupiah">Rp</a> 4.322 trillion (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-plnfs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plnfs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Rupiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Rupiah">Rp</a> 1.685.6 trillion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-plnfs_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plnfs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Rupiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Rupiah">Rp</a> 929.38 trillion (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-plnfs_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plnfs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">54,129 (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-plnfs_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plnfs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLN_Batubara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLN Batubara (page does not exist)">PLN Batubara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembangkitan_Jawa-Bali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembangkitan Jawa-Bali (page does not exist)">Pembangkitan Jawa-Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indonesia_Power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indonesia Power (page does not exist)">Indonesia Power</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majapahit_Holding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majapahit Holding (page does not exist)">Majapahit Holding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelayanan_Listrik_Nasional_BATAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelayanan Listrik Nasional BATAM (page does not exist)">Pelayanan Listrik Nasional BATAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLN_Pembangkitan_Sumatera_Bagian_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLN Pembangkitan Sumatera Bagian Selatan (page does not exist)">PLN Pembangkitan Sumatera Bagian Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangkuban_Parahu_Geothermal_Power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangkuban Parahu Geothermal Power (page does not exist)">Tangkuban Parahu Geothermal Power</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLN_Tarakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLN Tarakan (page does not exist)">PLN Tarakan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelayaran_Bahtera_Adiguna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelayaran Bahtera Adiguna (page does not exist)">Pelayaran Bahtera Adiguna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haleyora_Power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haleyora Power (page does not exist)">Haleyora Power</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tugu_Kresna_Pratama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tugu Kresna Pratama (page does not exist)">Tugu Kresna Pratama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indonesia_Comnets_Plus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indonesia Comnets Plus (page does not exist)">Indonesia Comnets Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fajar_Futura_Energy_Luwu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fajar Futura Energy Luwu (page does not exist)">Fajar Futura Energy Luwu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pln.co.id">www<wbr />.pln<wbr />.co<wbr />.id</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero)</b> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">State Electricity Company</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, abbreviated as <b>PLN</b>) is an Indonesian <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">government-owned corporation</a> which has a monopoly on <a href="/wiki/Electric_power_distribution" title="Electric power distribution">electric power distribution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and generates the majority of the country's electrical power, producing 176.4 TWh in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-statesdm_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statesdm-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was included in the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a> lists of 2014<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has large debts due to expensive coal power contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of the electricity sector in Indonesia began at the end of 19th century when the Dutch colonialists installed the first electricity generators.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCawley1971_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCawley1971-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest of the electricity distribution companies was the <a href="/wiki/Netherland_Indies_Gas_Company" title="Netherland Indies Gas Company">Nederlands Indische Gasmaatschappij</a> (NIGM) which was originally a gas utility company. In World War II, the Japanese seized control of the electricity sector. After Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, revolutionary Indonesian youth took control of the electricity sector in September 1945 and handed the facilities over to the Republican government. The history of the electricity sector since then has been one of continuing institutional changes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCawley1971_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCawley1971-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 October 1945, President <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> established the <i>Jawatan Listrik dan Gas</i> (Bureau of Electricity And Gas) with a generation capacity of only 157.5 MW. On 1 January 1961, the bureau of Electricity and Gas was changed into BPU PLN (''<i>Badan Pimpinan Umum Perusahaan Listrik Negara</i>, General Board of Directors for State Electricity Companies) which dealt in the areas of electricity, gas, and <a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">coke</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">kokas</i>). On 1 January 1965, BPU-PLN was replaced with two state owned enterprises, <i>Perusahaan Listrik Negara </i>(PLN) handling the electricity sector and <i><a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_Gas_Negara" class="mw-redirect" title="Perusahaan Gas Negara">Perusahaan Gas Negara</a></i> (PGN) handling gas. The combined capacity of PLN's electrical-power generators was then 300 MW. There were further institutional changes during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. </p><p>In September 2002 the Electric Power Act (Act No 20 of 2002),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was promulgated. The act formally deregulated the electricity sector. The new act required an end to PLN's monopoly on electricity distribution within five years after which time private companies (both foreign and domestic) were to be permitted to sell electricity directly to consumers. All companies were to use PLN's existing transmission network. However, the act was annulled in 2004 by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Indonesia" title="Constitutional Court of Indonesia">Constitutional Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the electricity sector was in an uncertain legal situation for some years. A new electricity act, Act No 30 of 2009, was introduced to provide greater legal certainty although this act, too, was controversial because, as was the case with the 2002 act, it legislated an end to PLN's monopoly in the sector.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the first half of 2011, PLN generated 88 terawatt-hours (TWh). The firm generated around 24% of its output using oil-based fuel with plans to reduce the share to 3% by 2013 and 1.7% by 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forecast for the full year (2011) is around 182 TWh (equivalent to around 760 kWh per capita). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capacity_and_organisation">Capacity and organisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Capacity and organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the end of 2015, PLN's total generating capacity (produced by a <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Indonesia" title="List of power stations in Indonesia">many different plants across Indonesia</a>) was estimated at around 34,262 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-statesdm_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statesdm-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout 2016, PLN planned to boost its installed generation capacity by 1,932 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%;"> <caption>PLN: Capacity and peak load, end-2011 (megawatts) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <th scope="col">Maximum capacity </th> <th scope="col">Peak load </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Java-Bali </th> <td>21,257 </td> <td>16,150 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Western Indonesia </th> <td>4,602 </td> <td>4,299 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Eastern Indonesia </th> <td>2,603 </td> <td>2,484 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Total </th> <td>28,462 </td> <td>22,933 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Main indicators have been increasing along with overall economic growth in Indonesia although the growth of revenue per unit sold (Rp/kWh) has been slow: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%;"> <caption>PLN: Key statistics 2005-2017 </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <th scope="col">Employees </th> <th scope="col">Capacity (a) </th> <th scope="col">Production (b) </th> <th scope="col">Sold </th> <th scope="col">Output value </th> <th scope="col">Average revenue (c) </th> <th scope="col">Average revenue (d) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Units </th> <td>Number </td> <td>MW </td> <td>TWh </td> <td>TWh </td> <td>Rp trill </td> <td>Rp/kWh </td> <td>US cents/kWh </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2005 </th> <td>43,762 </td> <td>22,515 </td> <td>124.5 </td> <td>105.9 </td> <td>64.0 </td> <td>604 </td> <td>6.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2006 </th> <td>43,048 </td> <td>24,846 </td> <td>131.7 </td> <td>112.6 </td> <td>74.9 </td> <td>665 </td> <td>7.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2007 </th> <td>42,537 </td> <td>25,224 </td> <td>139.7 </td> <td>121.2 </td> <td>77.4 </td> <td>639 </td> <td>6.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2008 </th> <td>42,715 </td> <td>25,594 </td> <td>148.0 </td> <td>129.0 </td> <td>86.4 </td> <td>670 </td> <td>6.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2009 </th> <td>42,096 </td> <td>25,637 </td> <td>156.8 </td> <td>134.6 </td> <td>90.9 </td> <td>676 </td> <td>7.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2010 </th> <td>43,638 </td> <td>26,895 </td> <td>176.0 </td> <td>149.0 </td> <td>103.0 </td> <td>700 </td> <td>8.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2011 </th> <td>44,343 </td> <td>29,268 </td> <td>184.2 </td> <td>158.7 </td> <td>112.8 </td> <td>714 </td> <td>7.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2012 </th> <td>50,287 </td> <td>32,901 </td> <td>200.3 </td> <td>174.0 </td> <td>126.7 </td> <td>728 </td> <td>7.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2013 </th> <td>49,833 </td> <td>34,206 </td> <td>216.2 </td> <td>187.5 </td> <td>153.5 </td> <td>818 </td> <td>6.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2014 </th> <td>46,068 </td> <td>37,226 </td> <td>228.6 </td> <td>198.6 </td> <td>186.6 </td> <td>940 </td> <td>7.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2015 </th> <td>47,594 </td> <td>38,265 </td> <td>234.0 </td> <td>202.8 </td> <td>209.8 </td> <td>1,034 </td> <td>7.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2016 </th> <td>51,158 </td> <td>39,785 </td> <td>248.6 </td> <td>216.0 </td> <td>214.1 </td> <td>991 </td> <td>7.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2017 </th> <td>54,820 </td> <td>39,652 </td> <td>254.7 </td> <td>223.1 </td> <td>246.6 </td> <td>1,105 </td> <td>8.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>Source: Indonesian Statistics Bureau, <i>Statistik Indonesia</i> (annual publication: various years), Jakarta, and <i>Statistik PLN</i> (annual publication; various years), Jakarta.</small> </p> <div style="font-size:85%;">(a) PLN only. Does not include generation capacity in the main independent power producers which had an approximate capacity of another 5,600 MW at the end of 2012. <p>(b) Includes wholesale electricity purchases by PLN from independent power producers (who had a total combined capacity of around 4,200 MW in 2011) and resold to consumers. </p><p>(c) Average revenue shown (a proxy for the average price of electricity) = Output value divided by sales. </p> (d) Estimate in US cents = Average Rp revenue adjusted by the end-year exchange rate.</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%;"> <caption>PLN: Performance indicators 2005-2017 </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <th scope="col">Growth (Production) </th> <th scope="col">Capacity utilization (a) </th> <th scope="col">Capacity utilization (a) </th> <th scope="col">Labor productivity </th> <th scope="col">Losses </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Units </th> <td>% per year </td> <td>kWh/MW </td> <td>% </td> <td>GWh/employee </td> <td>% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2005 </th> <td>4.5 </td> <td>5,530 </td> <td>63 </td> <td>2,845 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2006 </th> <td>2.3 </td> <td>5,126 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>2,959 </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2007 </th> <td>11.8 </td> <td>5,647 </td> <td>64 </td> <td>3,349 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2008 </th> <td>5.6 </td> <td>5,877 </td> <td>67 </td> <td>3,522 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2009 </th> <td>4.2 </td> <td>6,116 </td> <td>70 </td> <td>3,725 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2010 </th> <td>12.2 </td> <td>5,351 </td> <td>61 </td> <td>4,033 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2011 </th> <td>4.7 </td> <td>5,218 </td> <td>59 </td> <td>4,153 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2012 </th> <td>9.5 </td> <td>4,509 </td> <td>51 </td> <td>4,011 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2013 </th> <td>7.9 </td> <td>6,321 </td> <td>72 </td> <td>4,338 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2014 </th> <td>5.7 </td> <td>6,141 </td> <td>70 </td> <td>4,962 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2015 </th> <td>2.4 </td> <td>6,115 </td> <td>70 </td> <td>4,289 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2016 </th> <td>6.2 </td> <td>6,249 </td> <td>71 </td> <td>4,859 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2017 </th> <td>2.5 </td> <td>6,423 </td> <td>73 </td> <td>4,646 </td> <td>12 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>Source: Calculated from previous table.</small> <br /><small>Growth = annual production growth. Capacity utilisation = kWh generated per kW of generation capacity (theoretical maximum load <a href="/wiki/Capacity_factor" title="Capacity factor">at 100% capacity</a> = 8,760); calculations assume that there is 4,200 MW of generating capacity in the independent power producers which sell electricity to PLN. Labor productivity = Total GWh generated per employee in PLN. Losses = sales as a % of production.</small> </p><p>The Indonesian Government, and the senior management of PLN, are officially committed to ongoing reforms designed to improve the efficiency of operations of the electricity supply sector in Indonesia. Performance indicators show some significant improvements in certain key measures in recent years (see previous table on Performance indicators). However, the overall reform process is often slow, hampered by the fact that the environment within which the state-owned PLN operates is closely regulated and often politicised.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management">Management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PLN is Indonesia's second-largest state company by assets.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The top-level management, headed by the President Director, reports to a government-appointed board. The board and PLN management in turn report to the Minister of State-Owned Companies. President Directors of PLN since 1979 have been as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>Suryono </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>Sardjono </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td>1992 </td> <td>Ermamsyah Jamin </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>Zuhal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>Djiteng Marsudi </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>Adi Satria </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>Kuntoro Mangkusubroto </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>Eddie Widiono </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>Fahmi Mochtar </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dahlan_Iskan" title="Dahlan Iskan">Dahlan Iskan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>Nur Pamudji </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>Sofyan Basir<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>Sripeni Inten Cahyani <small>(acting CEO)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Zulkifli Zaini </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>on-going </td> <td>Darmawan Prasodjo </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Difficulties came to light in early 2011 over arrangements during the management period of the long-serving (2001-2008) PLN President Director Eddie Widiono Suwondho. Questions arose over certain procurement procedures which he supported. He was taken in for questioning by Indonesia's <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Eradication_Commission" title="Corruption Eradication Commission">Corruption Eradication Commission</a> in March 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2011 he was convicted to five years in prison for charges that centred on the appointment of a company to handle the provision of outsourced services for PLN.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In mid 2019, Sofyan Basir was suspended as President Director following the decision of the Corruption Eradication Commission to indict him on a charge of corruption for his alleged role in graft relating to the construction of a power plant in the province of Riau.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sripeni Inten Cahyani was Acting CEO for the latter part of 2019 until Zulkifli Zaini was appointed President Director in late 2019.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policies">Policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 2011, the new President Director of PLN, Nur Pamudji listed three milestones for PLN as targets for 2012:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Use, for the first time, of <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">liquefied natural gas</a> (LNG) as a fuel for some of PLN's generation plants</li> <li>Near-finalisation of the first 10,000 MW fast-track generation program announced some years earlier</li> <li>Registration of 5 million pre-paid customers into PLN distribution system.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service">Service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reliability and <a href="/wiki/Power_quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Power quality">quality</a> of electricity supply has steadily improved in Indonesia in recent decades. Supply is more reliable in Java because the grid is relatively well-developed compared to the situation in the Outer Islands (such as <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>) where most areas are serviced by localised systems often powered by small diesel plants. However power outages are still common,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even in Java . There was, for example, a particularly severe <a href="/wiki/2005_Java-Bali_Blackout" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Java-Bali Blackout">power outage in 2005</a> which reportedly affected around 100 million people across Java and Bali for over five hours. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances">Finances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Finances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PLN has—and has had, for many years—considerable trouble with internal revenue flows. For one thing, government-regulated tariffs are often too low to cover operational costs and have not been set at a level sufficient to make a reasonable contribution towards capital costs for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another challenge is that there is widespread consumer resistance to payment of electricity bills and price hikes. The company's cash flow is often weighed down with overdue debts from consumers. </p> <ul><li>As just one example, in the <a href="/wiki/Banyumas_Regency" title="Banyumas Regency">Banyumas district</a> (<i>kabupaten</i>) of Central Java in late 2011, it was reported that 60 percent (over 80,000) of PLN's 140,000 customers in the area were overdue with payments for their electricity bills causing the company over $300,000 in losses each month. Of the customers in arrears, 13,000 were considered very bad customers and were targeted for disconnection. But PLN's efforts to improve debt collection, both in Banyumas and in many other areas of Indonesia, often meet with considerable consumer resistance. In Banyumas, consumers complained that PLN's efforts to improve debt collection were unfair and failed to reflect the social obligations expected of state-owned enterprises.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Not long afterwards, PLN was involved in an incident in the Central Java city of <a href="/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Surakarta</a> where the municipality had overdue bills owing of close to USD 1 million (Rp 8.9 billion) to PLN. Following PLN company policy to pursue a more aggressive approach to collect overdue bills, PLN imposed a blackout on street lamps in Surakarta just before Christmas 2011. The city municipality quickly arranged payment but also organized a protest and suggested that PLN should consider the interest of the public before taking this type of action. To reinforce the point, the mayor of Surakarta, <a href="/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Joko Widodo</a> (who later became president of Indonesia), made a highly publicised personal visit to the local PLN office to deliver the Rp 8.9 billion in cash in the form of hundreds of bundles of notes and coins.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Theft of electricity is common in many parts of Indonesia as well.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, PLN has been moving to tighten up on problems of non-payment of bills as well as theft. Prepaid meters are now required for all new housing units. </p><p>Apart from internal revenue flows, PLN relies on <a href="/wiki/Energy_subsidies" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy subsidies">large government subsidies</a> to support operations and, especially, capital expenditure. The average tariff for electricity at the end of 2011 was estimated to be around Rp 729 per kWh (around US 8.1 cents) while PLN's average cost of production was put at around Rp 1,100 (US 12.2 cents).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The electricity subsidy provided from the national budget in 2011 was initially budgeted at Rp 65.6 trillion (around USD 8 billion at the time) but the amount increased to Rp 91 trillion (around USD 10 billion) by the end of 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2012, the government proposed a reduction in the electricity subsidies (which involved an increase in the price of electricity to consumers) to the national parliament but the proposal was rejected. As a result, PLN came under pressure to try to find economies to reduce the ballooning subsidies.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before subsidies, in 2016 PLN made a loss of Rp 31.63 trillion.<sup id="cite_ref-plnfs_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plnfs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, as economic conditions in Indonesia have improved following the Asian financial crisis of 1997–98, PLN has also been able to undertake significantly increased borrowings through bond issues. In November 2011, for example, PLN issued $1 billion of debt at reasonable market prices (10 years at 5.5% coupon value). Demand for the debt (estimated at $5.5 billion) significantly exceeded the supply of bonds on offer.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2012 it was reported that PLN planned to issue 30-year USD bonds which had been graded BB by <a href="/wiki/Standard_and_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard and Poor's">Standard and Poor's</a> rating agency.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the issuance of debt of this kind PLN is both raising funds and participating in the development of the domestic debt market in Indonesia. </p><p>PLN also accesses other government-supported sources of financing. In December 2011 the company received a Rp 7.5 trillion soft loan (around $US800 million at the prevailing exchange rate) from the Indonesian state investment agency PIP (<i>Pusat Investasi Pemerintah</i> or the government investment unit, known as the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pip-indonesia.com/">Indonesia Investment Agency</a>). The soft loan was provided for a total period of 15 years with a 5-year grace period for capital payments at a relatively low interest rate of 5.25% per annum <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021_Debt_Controversies">2021 Debt Controversies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2021 Debt Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2021, the Minister of Government State-owned enterprises of Indonesia, Erick Thohir, announced that PLN had a Rp 500 trillion debt equivalent to US$34.9 billion. The revelation of PLN's Rp 500 trillion debt sparked controversy as many considered the company may have earned a large sum of profit due to the number of people staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in an increase in electricity usage and its payment dues.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investment_programs">Investment programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Investment programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The overall investment program in the public electricity sector in Indonesia is largely dependent on two fast-track 10,000 MW investment programs initiated in recent years. The programs are behind schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_10,000_MW_fast_track_program_(FTP-1)"><span id="First_10.2C000_MW_fast_track_program_.28FTP-1.29"></span>First 10,000 MW fast track program (FTP-1)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: First 10,000 MW fast track program (FTP-1)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first 10,000 MW fast track program (FTP-1) commenced in 2006 and was originally scheduled to be completed by 2010. As of mid-2012, except for one plant (PLTU Labuan) all the power plants were behind schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program was still incomplete towards the end of 2014. </p> <ul><li><b>Mid-2012</b>: The government announced that as of mid-2012, slightly over 40% of the expected supply had been delivered. Problems causing delays included equipment availability, land-acquisition problems, and funding.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>End 2012</b>: PLN reported that around 48% (approximately 4,750MW) of the total planned capacity of 9,877 MW had been realised. The remaining capacity of 5,127 MW was expected to come on line before the end of 2014.</li> <li><b>Late 2014</b>: It was reported that FTP-1 would be completed in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-thejakartapost.com_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thejakartapost.com-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The FTP-1 comprises 35 power plants, mostly coal-fired. Ten of the plants are in Java-Bali. The other 35 mainly-smaller plants are in the Outer Islands. </p><p>Main plants in the program include the following:<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Region</th> <th>Province</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Capacity (MW) </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Java</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a></td> <td>Teluk Naga</td> <td>900 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a></td> <td>Labuan</td> <td>600 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a></td> <td>Suralaya</td> <td>625 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></td> <td>Indramayu</td> <td>990 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></td> <td>Pelabuhan Ratu</td> <td>1,050 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a></td> <td>Rembang</td> <td>630 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a></td> <td>Pacitan</td> <td>660 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a></td> <td>Paiton</td> <td>660 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Outer Islands</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a></td> <td>Tarahan Baru</td> <td>200 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a></td> <td>Medan</td> <td>400 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a></td> <td>Nagan Raya</td> <td>220 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_10,000_MW_fast_track_program_(FTP-2)"><span id="Second_10.2C000_MW_fast_track_program_.28FTP-2.29"></span>Second 10,000 MW fast track program (FTP-2)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Second 10,000 MW fast track program (FTP-2)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A second 10,000 MW program (FTP-2) was announced in 2010 but implementation is lagging following delays in FTP-1. The initial deadline for the second track was end-2016. </p> <ul><li><b>End 2012</b>: PLN announced that around 4,650 MW (about 46%) of the planned second stage would be on stream by end-2016. The ambitious original plan was that 49% of the second 10,000 MW fast track program would be made up of low-carbon geothermal plants. However, as of end-2012, 36 of the planned 52 geothermal plants were facing delays because of difficulty in obtaining access to sites in conservation areas (6 plants) or because of technical difficulties (16 plants) while a further 14 plants had not yet been put to tender.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Late 2014</b>: It was reported that the total size of the program had been expanded to 17,918 MW (12,169 MW of which would be built by the private sector and 5,749 MW of which would be developed by the state-owned PLN). However, progress under FTP-2 was reported to be slow. The initial deadline for completion (2015) had been extended by five years to 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-thejakartapost.com_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thejakartapost.com-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PLN_Investment_financing">PLN Investment financing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: PLN Investment financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the end of 2011 it was announced that expected expenditures for PLN during 2012 would be around Rp 260 trillion (around $29 billion) made up of Rp 191 trillion (around $21 billion) for operational costs and Rp 69 billion (around $7.6 billion) for capital expenditures. Financing flows for the capital expenditures were forecast as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:85%;"> <caption>PLN: Forecast capital expenditures, 2012 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Source </th> <th scope="col">Cost (Rp trill) </th> <th scope="col">Cost (US$ bill) </th> <th scope="col">Share (%) </th> <th scope="col">Forecast use of funds </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">PLN internal budget </th> <td>33.6 </td> <td>3.7 </td> <td>48 </td> <td>Construction of power plants; evaluation of 10,000 MW fast-track program; distribution </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">National budget </th> <td>8.9 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>Distribution systems in rural areas; renewable energy </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Subsidiary loans </th> <td>9.8 </td> <td>1.1 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>National power grids </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Bank loans </th> <td>16.7 </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>Other capital items </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Total </th> <td>69.0 </td> <td>7.6 </td> <td>100 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PLN_Investment_projects_and_plans">PLN Investment projects and plans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: PLN Investment projects and plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PLN has plans to build a significant number of coal mine-mouth power plants in Sumatra and Kalimantan. These include the following:<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Plans for power plants in Sumatra with a combined capacity of 7,300 MW by 2020. One of the aims of this program is the goal of optimising coal usage to, amongst other things, accelerate development in the producing regions of Indonesia. In early 2012 PLN announced that contracts had been awarded for the construction of three coal-fed plants with a total combined capacity of 2,140 MW in Sumatra: South Sumatra 5 (300 MW); South Sumatra 6 (600 MW); and South Sumatra 8 (1,240 MW).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also expected that in June 2012, PLN will begin the tender process for three mine-mouth plants in Sumatra: South Sumatra 9 (1,200 MW); South Sumatra 10 (600 MW); Jambi (800 MW). The three plants are expected to come on stream in 2016.</li> <li>A mine-mouth coal-fired plant in Asam, <a href="/wiki/South_Kalimantan" title="South Kalimantan">South Kalimantan</a>, with a capacity of 530 MW is expected to come on-line by the end of 2012. This is the Indonesia's third existing mine-mouth coal-fired plants; other plants are the <a href="/wiki/Ombilin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ombilin">Ombilin</a> plant (200 MW) and Bukit Asam plant (200 MW), both in West Sumatra.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long-term_plans_(2013-2022)"><span id="Long-term_plans_.282013-2022.29"></span>Long-term plans (2013-2022)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Long-term plans (2013-2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PLN has issued an <i>Electricity Supply Business Plan</i> (undated) for the period 2013–2022. The plan talks of an additional generating capacity generating need of 59.5 GW over the period. Total estimated expenditure (public and private) is put at around $125 billion. Useful details are set out in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pln.co.id/dataweb/RUPTL/RUPTL%202013-2022%20Sum.pdf"><i>Executive Summary</i> of the Business Plan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sumatra–Java_grid"><span id="Sumatra.E2.80.93Java_grid"></span>Sumatra–Java grid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sumatra–Java grid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>To provide power from plants in Sumatra to the main Indonesian electricity market in Java, in April 2012 PLN began the tender process for a Rp 20 trillion (approx US$ 2.18 billion) project expected to be completed in 2017 which would provide 3,000 MW of power. The plan is for AC current to be converted to DC current in the Muara Enim <a href="/wiki/HVDC_converter_station" title="HVDC converter station">converter station</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sumatra" title="South Sumatra">South Sumatra</a> and be converted back into AC current in the <a href="/wiki/Bogor" title="Bogor">Bogor</a> <a href="/wiki/HVDC_converter_station" title="HVDC converter station">converter station</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>. Between these sites, a 40 km 500 kV submarine cable would connect Ketapang in <a href="/wiki/Lampung_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung (province)">Lampung</a> and Salira in <a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_of_power">Sources of power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources of power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Java coal is the main source of fuel for power plants while in the Outer Islands oil is the chief source for the large number of small diesel plants which supply power in many places. Plans to diversify energy sources for the electricity sector have been announced but progress has been slow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geothermal_power">Geothermal power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Geothermal power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Indonesia" title="Geothermal power in Indonesia">Geothermal power in Indonesia</a></div> <p>Although in principle Indonesia is well-supplied with sources of geothermal energy, exploiting geothermal energy in Indonesia has proceeded slowly in recent years. In mid-2012, PLN officials noted that 13 geothermal plants across Indonesia were 'stuck in exploration stages' and likely to miss development deadlines. A range of practical problems often caused problems—in some cases, initial drilling had failed to find wells with satisfactory yields of energy; in other cases, problems with local infrastructure (such as poor roads) and obtaining permits from local officials and forestry agencies had caused delays.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydro_power">Hydro power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Hydro power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is considerable hydro power potential in Indonesia. However, most potential capacity is at sites which are hard to access and quite distant from any sizeable markets. There is believed to be hydro power potential of over 22,000 MW in <a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a> and perhaps another 16,000 MW in <a href="/wiki/South_Kalimantan" title="South Kalimantan">South Kalimantan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Kalimantan" title="Central Kalimantan">Central Kalimantan</a>. Total Indonesian hydro power potential has been put at over 75,000 MW,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with only 5,705 MW being utilised. 96 locations across the country with a total capacity of 12,800 MW would be developed 60 percent by PLN, while the rest would be offered to independent power producers.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One problem, especially in the Outer Islands off Java, is that relatively small hydro plants often experience operational problems such as shortages of water flow. In <a href="/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a> in September 2012 for example, towards the end of the dry season, two small hydropower stations operated by PLN (total capacity around 120 MW) ceased operation, causing blackouts in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Localised problems of this sort are common across much of the Outer Islands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-plnfs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plnfs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plnfs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plnfs_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plnfs_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plnfs_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plnfs_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pln.co.id/statics/uploads/2017/04/PT-PLN-Persero-GA-31-Des-2016.pdf">"PT PLN Persero Consolidated Financial Statements 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>PLN</i>. Perusahaan Listrik Negara<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PLN&rft.atitle=PT+PLN+Persero+Consolidated+Financial+Statements+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pln.co.id%2Fstatics%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F04%2FPT-PLN-Persero-GA-31-Des-2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indonesia-investments.com/doing-business/indonesian-companies/perusahaan-listrik-negara-pln-soe/item409">"Indonesia-Investments.com:Perusahaan Listrik Negara company profile"</a>. 1 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesia-Investments.com%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara+company+profile&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indonesia-investments.com%2Fdoing-business%2Findonesian-companies%2Fperusahaan-listrik-negara-pln-soe%2Fitem409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statesdm-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statesdm_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-statesdm_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170815140912/https://djk.esdm.go.id/pdf/Buku%20Statistik%20Ketenagalistrikan/Statistik%20Ketenagalistrikan%20T.A.%202016.pdf">"Statistik Ketenagalistrikan T.A. 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Indonesian). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Mineral_Resources_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Indonesia)">Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources</a>. September 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://djk.esdm.go.id/pdf/Buku%20Statistik%20Ketenagalistrikan/Statistik%20Ketenagalistrikan%20T.A.%202016.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistik+Ketenagalistrikan+T.A.+2016&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Energy+and+Mineral+Resources&rft.date=2016-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdjk.esdm.go.id%2Fpdf%2FBuku%2520Statistik%2520Ketenagalistrikan%2FStatistik%2520Ketenagalistrikan%2520T.A.%25202016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/07/10/pertamina-pln-among-fortune-global-500.html">"Pertamina, PLN among Fortune Global 500"</a>. The Jakarta Post. 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pertamina%2C+PLN+among+Fortune+Global+500&rft.date=2014-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F07%2F10%2Fpertamina-pln-among-fortune-global-500.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/global500/2015/perusahaan-listrik-negara-480/">"480. Perusahaan Listrik Negara"</a>. <i>Fortune Global 500</i>. Fortune<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune+Global+500&rft.atitle=480.+Perusahaan+Listrik+Negara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2Fglobal500%2F2015%2Fperusahaan-listrik-negara-480%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthjournalism.net/stories/coal-fever-in-indonesia">"Coal Fever in Indonesia"</a>. <i>Earth Journalism Network</i>. 13 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earth+Journalism+Network&rft.atitle=Coal+Fever+in+Indonesia&rft.date=2022-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthjournalism.net%2Fstories%2Fcoal-fever-in-indonesia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCawley1971-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCawley1971_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCawley1971_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCawley1971">McCawley 1971</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jdih.esdm.go.id/peraturan/uu-20-2002.pdf">"UU 20 Tahun 2002 tentang Ketenagalistrikan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Power_and_Mineral_Resources_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Power and Mineral Resources (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Power and Natural Resources</a></i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Power+and+Natural+Resources&rft.atitle=UU+20+Tahun+2002+tentang+Ketenagalistrikan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjdih.esdm.go.id%2Fperaturan%2Fuu-20-2002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.esdm.go.id/berita/listrik/39-listrik/48-mk-batalkan-uu-no-20-tahun-2002-tentang-ketenagalistrikan.html">"MK Batalkan UU No 20 Tahun 2002 tentang Ketenagalistrikan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Mineral_Resources_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Indonesia)">Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources</a>. 16 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MK+Batalkan+UU+No+20+Tahun+2002+tentang+Ketenagalistrikan&rft.date=2004-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.esdm.go.id%2Fberita%2Flistrik%2F39-listrik%2F48-mk-batalkan-uu-no-20-tahun-2002-tentang-ketenagalistrikan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alfian, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/01/20/pln-labor-union-challenge-new-law-electricity.html">PLN labor union to challenge new law on electricity'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 20 January 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/07/25/pln-produces-882-twh-electricity-first-half-63.html">PLN produces 88.2 TWh of electricity in first half, up 6.3%'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 25 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSupriyatna2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Supriyatna, Iwan (5 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2017/04/05/184645126/penjualan.listrik.pln.di.2016.mencapai.rp.214.1.triliun">"Penjualan Listrik PLN di 2016 Mencapai Rp 214,1 Triliun"</a> (in Indonesian). Kompas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Penjualan+Listrik+PLN+di+2016+Mencapai+Rp+214%2C1+Triliun&rft.date=2017-04-05&rft.aulast=Supriyatna&rft.aufirst=Iwan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fekonomi.kompas.com%2Fread%2F2017%2F04%2F05%2F184645126%2Fpenjualan.listrik.pln.di.2016.mencapai.rp.214.1.triliun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Gale, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130204033743/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/commentary/reforming-indonesias-power-dynamic/483649">Reforming the power dynamic'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Globe</i>, 9 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The largest state-owned company in Indonesia by assets is the government-owned bank <a href="/wiki/Bank_Mandiri" title="Bank Mandiri">Bank Mandiri</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sofyan Basir was appointed by the incoming <a href="/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Joko Widodo</a> administration in December 2014. He had a financial background, having been appointed from outside of the electric power industry; formerly he was president-director of the large state-owned bank <a href="/wiki/Bank_Rakyat_Indonesia" title="Bank Rakyat Indonesia">Bank Rakyat Indonesia</a>. See '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/12/23/new-pln-boss-more-impelled-increase-revenue.html">New PLN boss more impelled to increase revenue'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 23 December 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/03/24/kpk-detains-former-pln-president.html">KPK detains former PLN president'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150228135812/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/03/24/kpk-detains-former-pln-president.html">Archived</a> 28 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 24 March 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/12/22/more-soe-bosses-jail-raises-concerns.html">More SOE bosses in jail raises concerns'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 22 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kharishar Kahri, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/06/24/kpk-indicts-plns-sofyan-basir-in-riau-1-power-plant-casefor-facilitating-bribery.html">KPK indicts PLN's Sofyan Basir in Riau-1 power plant case for facilitating "bribery"'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 24 June 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nur Pamudji was installed in late 2011 following the appointment of the previous president director, <a href="/wiki/Dahlan_Iskan" title="Dahlan Iskan">Dahlan Iskan</a>, as Minister for State-owned enterprises.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hrvoje Hranjski, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/10/16/power-failure-hits-s-kalimantan-residents-told-be-patient.html">Electricity: Power failure hits S. Kalimantan, residents told to be patient'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 16 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.thejakartapost.com/news/1999/11/03/government-allays-fears-power-fuel-price-hikes.html">Government allays fears of power, fuel price hikes'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141211121545/http://m.thejakartapost.com/news/1999/11/03/government-allays-fears-power-fuel-price-hikes.html">Archived</a> 11 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 3 November 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Argus Maryono, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/11/26/no-power-bad-payers-pln.html">Electricity No power for bad payers: PLN'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 26 November 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kusumasari Ayuningtyas, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/04/residents-surakarta-accompany-mayor-pay-pln.html">Residents of Surakarta accompany mayor to pay PLN'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 4 January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apriadi Gunawan, 'Energy: Electricity theft is rampant in N. Sumatra', <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 14 February 2012. See also '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/06/26/electricity-theft-high-jambi.html">Electricity theft high in Jambi'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 26 June 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rangga D. Fadillah, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/28/most-smes-insulated-power-tariff-increase-govt.html">Electricity: Most SMEs insulated from power tariff increase: Govt'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 28 January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Esther Samboh, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/12/14/govt-agrees-spend-extra-rp-637t-energy-subsidy.html">Govt agrees to spend extra Rp 63.7t on energy subsidy'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 14 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans David Tampubolon, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/07/agus-pressures-pln-quell-soaring-subsidies.html">Augus pressures PLN to quell soaring subsidies'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 7 April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/11/17/pln-issues-us1-billion-bonds.html">PLN issues US$1 billion bonds.'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 17 November 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mariel Grazella, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/10/17/pln-s-global-bonds-get-positive-ratings-major-agencies.html">PLN's global bonds get positive ratings from major agencies'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 17 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/12/14/pln-secures-rp-75-trillion-loan-pip.html">PLN secures Rp 7.5 trillion loan from PIP'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 14 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedia2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Media, Kompas Cyber (3 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/06/03/191022226/erick-thohir-pln-itu-utangnya-rp-500-triliun">"Erick Thohir: PLN Itu Utangnya Rp 500 Triliun... Halaman all"</a>. <i>KOMPAS.com</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KOMPAS.com&rft.atitle=Erick+Thohir%3A+PLN+Itu+Utangnya+Rp+500+Triliun...+Halaman+all&rft.date=2021-06-03&rft.aulast=Media&rft.aufirst=Kompas+Cyber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.kompas.com%2Fread%2F2021%2F06%2F03%2F191022226%2Ferick-thohir-pln-itu-utangnya-rp-500-triliun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFyun" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">yun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20210812125146-4-267970/utang-pln-tembus-rp-500-t-erick-harus-ada-terobosan">"Utang PLN Tembus Rp 500 T, Erick: Harus Ada Terobosan!"</a>. <i>CNBC Indonesia</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC+Indonesia&rft.atitle=Utang+PLN+Tembus+Rp+500+T%2C+Erick%3A+Harus+Ada+Terobosan%21&rft.au=yun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbcindonesia.com%2Fnews%2F20210812125146-4-267970%2Futang-pln-tembus-rp-500-t-erick-harus-ada-terobosan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCahyafitri2014" class="citation news cs1">Cahyafitri, Raras (21 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/10/21/second-phase-10000-mw-power-project-sluggish.html">"Second phase of 10,000 MW power project sluggish"</a>. The Jakarta Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Second+phase+of+10%2C000+MW+power+project+sluggish&rft.date=2014-10-21&rft.aulast=Cahyafitri&rft.aufirst=Raras&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F10%2F21%2Fsecond-phase-10000-mw-power-project-sluggish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabby Pramudatama, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/07/25/power-plant-contractors-face-fines-due-delays.html">Power plant contractors face fines due to delays'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i> 25 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/11/pln-has-problems-with-chinese-machinery.html">PLN has problems with Chinese machinery'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 11 April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thejakartapost.com-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thejakartapost.com_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thejakartapost.com_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raras Cahyafitri, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/10/21/second-phase-10000-mw-power-project-sluggish.html">Second phase of 10,000 MW power project sluggish'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 21 October 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ika Krismantari, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/03/18/govt-tender-out-financing-five-coalfired-power-plants.html">Govt to tender out financing of five coal-fired power plants'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 16 March 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amahl S. Azwar, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/02/13/fast-tracked-power-plant-building-program-way-behind-schedule.html">Fast-tracked power plant building program way behind schedule'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 13 February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/12/28/pln-allocates-76-billion-2012-capital-expenditures.html">PLN allocates $7.6 billion for 2012 capital expenditures'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 28 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ranggda D. Fadillah, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/21/pln-operate-mine-mouth-plant-s-kalimantan.html">PLN to operate mine-mouth plant in S. Kalimantan'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 21 February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rangga D. Fadillah, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/25/contracts-3-mine-mouth-power-plants-awarded.html">Contracts for 3 mine-mouth power plants'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 25 February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/04/10/pln-launch-tender-sumatra-java-grid.html">"PLN to launch tender on Sumatra-Java grid"</a>. 10 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PLN+to+launch+tender+on+Sumatra-Java+grid&rft.date=2012-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2F04%2F10%2Fpln-launch-tender-sumatra-java-grid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabby Pramudatama, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/07/26/pln-s-geothermal-plants-likely-miss-deadline.html">PLN's geothermal plants likely to miss deadline'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 26 July 2112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=195527:pln-2358-mw-pltas-enter-construction-stage&catid=30:english-news&Itemid=101">PLN: 2,358 MW PLTAs enter construction phase</a>, <i>Waspada Online</i>, 24 May 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128093350/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/25/pln-identifies-96-potential-locations-hydro-power-plants.html">"PLN identifies 96 potential locations for hydro-power plants"</a>. 25 January 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/25/pln-identifies-96-potential-locations-hydro-power-plants.html">the original</a> on 28 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PLN+identifies+96+potential+locations+for+hydro-power+plants&rft.date=2012-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2F01%2F25%2Fpln-identifies-96-potential-locations-hydro-power-plants.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oyos Saroso H.N. and Apriadi Gunawan, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/09/11/gloomy-outlook-power-supplies-water-shortage-forces-blackouts.html">Gloomy outlook for power supplies as water shortage forces blackouts'</a>, <i>The Jakarta Post</i>, 11 September 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Official site for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pln.co.id/">Perusahaan Listrik Negara</a>.</li> <li>PLN <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pln.co.id/dataweb/RUPTL/RUPTL%202013-2022%20Sum.pdf">Executive Summary: Electricity Supply Business Plan 2013-2022</a></i>, Jakarta, 2013.</li> <li>Official site for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.djlpe.esdm.go.id/index.php">Directorate General of Electricity</a> in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCawley1971" class="citation journal cs1">McCawley, Peter (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/8221">"The Indonesian electric supply industry"</a>. <i>PhD Thesis</i>. Canberra: Australian National University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PhD+Thesis&rft.atitle=The+Indonesian+electric+supply+industry&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=McCawley&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.anu.edu.au%2Fhandle%2F1885%2F8221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_T._Wells2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_T._Wells" title="Louis T. Wells">Louis T. Wells</a> (November 2007). "Private power in Indonesia". <i>Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies</i>. <b>43</b> (3): 341–364. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00074910701727605">10.1080/00074910701727605</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Indonesian+Economic+Studies&rft.atitle=Private+power+in+Indonesia&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=341-364&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00074910701727605&rft.au=Louis+T.+Wells&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerusahaan+Listrik+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120912113604/http://www.pwc.com/id/en/publications/assets/Indonesian-Electricity-Guide_2011.pdf">Electricity in Indonesia -- Investment and Taxation Guide 2011</a>, Jakarta, 2011.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Java-Bali_Blackout" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Java-Bali Blackout">2005 Java-Bali Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Indonesia" title="List of power stations in Indonesia">List of power stations in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Indonesia" title="Geothermal power in Indonesia">Geothermal power in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">Electricity generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_energy_consumption" title="Electric energy consumption">Electric energy consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_production" title="List of countries by electricity production">List of countries by electricity production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_consumption" title="List of countries by electricity consumption">List of countries by electricity consumption</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara&params=6_14_26_S_106_48_12.1_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°14′26″S</span> <span class="longitude">106°48′12.1″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.24056°S 106.803361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-6.24056; 106.803361</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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