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id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-denominational_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-denominational_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Non-denominational Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-denominational_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Catholicism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Orthodoxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Orthodoxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Eastern Orthodoxy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Orthodoxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protestantism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protestantism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 Protestantism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protestantism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Commonwealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Commonwealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.5 The Commonwealth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Commonwealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anglicanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglicanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.5.1 Anglicanism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglicanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calvinism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calvinism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.5.2 Calvinism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calvinism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nordic_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nordic_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.6 Nordic countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nordic_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lutheranism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lutheranism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.6.1 Lutheranism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lutheranism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other/mixed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other/mixed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.7 Other/mixed </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other/mixed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Political religions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multiple_religion_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiple_religion_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Multiple religion recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multiple_religion_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_state_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_state_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Former state religions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Former_state_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Former state religions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Former_state_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roman_religion_and_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_religion_and_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Roman religion and Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_religion_and_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Han_dynasty_Confucianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Han_dynasty_Confucianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Han dynasty Confucianism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Han_dynasty_Confucianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yuan_dynasty_Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yuan_dynasty_Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Yuan dynasty Buddhism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yuan_dynasty_Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golden_Horde_and_Ilkhanate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golden_Horde_and_Ilkhanate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Golden Horde and Ilkhanate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golden_Horde_and_Ilkhanate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_state_churches_in_British_North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_state_churches_in_British_North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Former state churches in British North America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_state_churches_in_British_North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Other states </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Established_churches_and_former_state_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Established_churches_and_former_state_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Established churches and former state churches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Established_churches_and_former_state_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_confessional_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_confessional_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Former confessional states </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Former_confessional_states-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Former confessional states subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Former_confessional_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buddhism_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Buddhism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Hinduism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shamanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shamanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Shamanism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shamanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shinto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shinto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Shinto </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shinto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">State religion</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" > 73 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A5%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%83%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%96%E1%89%B5" title="የመንግሥት ሃይማኖት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የመንግሥት ሃይማኖት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9" title="دين الدولة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دين الدولة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1u_confesional" title="Estáu confesional – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estáu confesional" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пачалихъалъулаб дин – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Пачалихъалъулаб дин" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_dini" title="Dövlət dini – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövlət dini" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="رسمی دین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رسمی دین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="রাষ্ট্রধর্ম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাষ্ট্রধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Дзяржаўная рэлігія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзяржаўная рэлігія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Дзяржаўная рэлігія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дзяржаўная рэлігія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Държавна религия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Държавна религия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3_oficial" title="Religió oficial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Religió oficial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1tn%C3%AD_n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstv%C3%AD" title="Státní náboženství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Státní náboženství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statskirke" title="Statskirke – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Statskirke" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsreligion" title="Staatsreligion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staatsreligion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Επίσημη θρησκεία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επίσημη θρησκεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3n_oficial" title="Religión oficial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Religión oficial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religio_de_%C5%9Dtato" title="Religio de ŝtato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Religio de ŝtato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatu_konfesional" title="Estatu konfesional – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatu konfesional" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C" title="دین رسمی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دین رسمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_d%27%C3%89tat" title="Religion d'État – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Religion d'État" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatstsjerke" title="Steatstsjerke – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Steatstsjerke" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relixi%C3%B3n_oficial" title="Relixión oficial – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Relixión oficial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B5%90" title="국교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Պետական կրոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պետական կրոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="राज्य धर्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राज्य धर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slu%C5%BEbena_religija" title="Službena religija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Službena religija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_negara" title="Agama negara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Agama negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADkistr%C3%BAarbr%C3%B6g%C3%B0" title="Ríkistrúarbrögð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ríkistrúarbrögð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religione_di_Stato" title="Religione di Stato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Religione di Stato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="דת ממלכתית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דת ממלכתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სახელმწიფო რელიგია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სახელმწიფო რელიგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Мемлекеттік дін – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мемлекеттік дін" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dini_rasmi" title="Dini rasmi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dini rasmi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Мамлекеттик дин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мамлекеттик дин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religio_publica" title="Religio publica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Religio publica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsts_reli%C4%A3ija" title="Valsts reliģija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valsts reliģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81llamvall%C3%A1s" title="Államvallás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Államvallás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Државна религија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Државна религија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fivavaham-panjakana" title="Fivavaham-panjakana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fivavaham-panjakana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="دين الدوله – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دين الدوله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_negara" title="Agama negara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Agama negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="နိုင်ငံတော်ဘာသာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုင်ငံတော်ဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsgodsdienst" title="Staatsgodsdienst – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Staatsgodsdienst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99" title="国教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пачхьалкхан дин – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пачхьалкхан дин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statskirke" title="Statskirke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Statskirke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statsreligion" title="Statsreligion – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Statsreligion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_d%27Estat" title="Religion d'Estat – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Religion d'Estat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A(%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A)_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دولتي(رسمي) دین – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دولتي(رسمي) دین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B" title="សាសនារដ្ឋ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សាសនារដ្ឋ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religia_pa%C5%84stwowa" title="Religia państwowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Religia państwowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resmiy_din" title="Resmiy din – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Resmiy din" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religie_de_stat" title="Religie de stat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Religie de stat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Государственная религия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Государственная религия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feja_shtet%C3%ABrore" title="Feja shtetërore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Feja shtetërore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8" title="රාජ්‍ය ආගම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාජ්‍ය ආගම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="State religion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA" title="دینی دەوڵەت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دینی دەوڵەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavna_religija" title="Državna religija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Državna religija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavna_religija" title="Državna religija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Državna religija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtionuskonto" title="Valtionuskonto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valtionuskonto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statsreligion" title="Statsreligion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Statsreligion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampamahalaang_relihiyon" title="Pampamahalaang relihiyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pampamahalaang relihiyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ศาสนาประจำชาติ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนาประจำชาติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%A3" title="Дини давлатӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дини давлатӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlet_dini" title="Devlet dini – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Devlet dini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Державна релігія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Державна релігія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B0%DB%81%D8%A8" title="ریاستی مذہب – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاستی مذہب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_gi%C3%A1o" title="Quốc giáo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99" title="国教 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="国教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" title="國教 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="國教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dino_resmi" title="Dino resmi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dino resmi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Religion or creed endorsed by the state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid 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Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/State_religion" title="Special:EditPage/State religion">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22State+religion%22">"State religion"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22State+religion%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22State+religion%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22State+religion%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22State+religion%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22State+religion%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (November 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_State_Religions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Map_of_State_Religions.svg/220px-Map_of_State_Religions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Map_of_State_Religions.svg/330px-Map_of_State_Religions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Map_of_State_Religions.svg/440px-Map_of_State_Religions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2150" /></a><figcaption>Confessional states<a href="#cite_note-28">[a]</a> <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Christianity" title="Non-denominational Christianity">Non-denominational Christianity</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></div> </td> <td valign="top"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-denominational Islam">Non-denominational Islam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </figcaption></figure> <style 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:160%;font-weight:normal; display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_censorship" title="Religious censorship">Religious censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious liberty">Religious liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Religious pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_prayer" title="School prayer">School prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_priests_in_public_office" title="Catholic priests in public office">Catholic priests in public office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_state" title="Confessional state">Confessional state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">Atheist state</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_by_country" title="Freedom of religion by country">Status by country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Africa_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Africa by country">Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Algeria" title="Freedom of religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Angola" title="Freedom of religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Benin" title="Freedom of religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Botswana" title="Freedom of religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Freedom of religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Burundi" title="Freedom of religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cameroon" title="Freedom of religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Freedom of religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Freedom of religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Chad" title="Freedom of religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Freedom of religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mauritania" title="Freedom of religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Morocco" title="Freedom of religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Africa" title="Freedom of religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sudan" title="Freedom of religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Tanzania" title="Freedom of religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_America_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in North America by country">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_America_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in South America by country">South America</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of religion in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Canada" title="Freedom of religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Colombia" title="Freedom of religion in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Ecuador" title="Freedom of religion in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Guyana" title="Freedom of religion in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Panama" title="Freedom of religion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Paraguay" title="Freedom of religion in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of religion in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Asia by country">Asia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Freedom of religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bhutan" title="Freedom of religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brunei" title="Freedom of religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cambodia" title="Freedom of religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_India" title="Freedom of religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Indonesia" title="Freedom of religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan" title="Freedom of religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Laos" title="Freedom of religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Malaysia" title="Freedom of religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mongolia" title="Freedom of religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Myanmar" title="Freedom of religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Nepal" title="Freedom of religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan" title="Freedom of religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Freedom of religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia" title="Freedom of religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Singapore" title="Freedom of religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Freedom of religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Taiwan" title="Freedom of religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Freedom of religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Thailand" title="Freedom of religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey" title="Freedom of religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Vietnam" title="Freedom of religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Europe_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Europe by country">Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Albania" title="Freedom of religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Andorra" title="Freedom of religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Austria" title="Freedom of religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Belarus" title="Freedom of religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Belgium" title="Freedom of religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Freedom of religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Croatia" title="Freedom of religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_France" title="Freedom of religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Germany" title="Freedom of religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Hungary" title="Freedom of religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Italy" title="Freedom of religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Montenegro" title="Freedom of religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Freedom of religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Norway" title="Freedom of religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Romania" title="Freedom of religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia" title="Freedom of religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Serbia" title="Freedom of religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Slovakia" title="Freedom of religion in Slovakia">Slovakia </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Slovenia" title="Freedom of religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey" title="Freedom of religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Ukraine" title="Freedom of religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Freedom of religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East#Freedom_of_religion" title="Human rights in the Middle East">Middle East</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iran" title="Freedom of religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq" title="Freedom of religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Jordan" title="Freedom of religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kuwait" title="Freedom of religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Lebanon" title="Freedom of religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Oman" title="Freedom of religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Freedom of religion in the State of Palestine">Palestinian territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Qatar" title="Freedom of religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Syria" title="Freedom of religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates">UAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Yemen" title="Freedom of religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Oceania_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Oceania by country">Oceania</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Australia" title="Freedom of religion in Australia">Australia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> Topical</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country" title="Apostasy in Islam by country">Apostasy in Islam by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_law" title="Blasphemy law">Blasphemy laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation_laws_by_country" title="Female genital mutilation laws by country">Female genital mutilation laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_ritual_slaughter" title="Legal aspects of ritual slaughter">Legal aspects of ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_male_circumcision" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious male circumcision">Religious male circumcision</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_traditional_African_religions" title="Persecution of traditional African religions">Traditional African religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christophobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Hinduism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_persecution_of_Alevis" title="Ottoman persecution of Alevis">Alevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cult_movement" title="Anti-cult movement">New religious movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_countercult_movement" title="Christian countercult movement">Christian countercult movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_Neopagans" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious discrimination against Neopagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_freedom" title="Template:Religious freedom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religious_freedom" title="Template talk:Religious freedom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religious_freedom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religious freedom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> A state religion (also called official religion) is a <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a> or <a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">creed</a> officially endorsed by a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a>. A state with an official religion (also known as <a href="/wiki/Confessional_state" title="Confessional state">confessional state</a>), while not a <a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">secular state</a>, is not necessarily a <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a>. State religions are official or government-sanctioned establishments of a religion, but the state does not need to be under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> (as in a theocracy), nor is the state-sanctioned religion necessarily under the control of the state. Official religions have been known throughout <a href="/wiki/Human_history" title="Human history">human history</a> in almost all types of cultures, reaching into the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistory</a>. The relation of <a href="/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">religious cult</a> and the state was discussed by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Latin</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Terentius_Varro" title="Marcus Terentius Varro">Marcus Terentius Varro</a>, under the term of <a href="/wiki/Theologia_civilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologia civilis">theologia civilis</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'civic theology'). The first state-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denomination</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>, established in 301 CE.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, as the term church is typically applied to a place of worship for <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> or organizations incorporating such ones, the term state church is associated with Christianity as sanctioned by the government, historically the <a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">state church of the Roman Empire</a> in the last centuries of the Empire's existence, and is sometimes used to denote a specific modern national branch of Christianity. Closely related to state churches are <a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(sociology_of_religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesia (sociology of religion)">ecclesiae</a>, which are similar but carry a more minor connotation. In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, the majority of states with a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> population have <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> as their official religion, though the degree of religious restrictions on citizens' everyday lives varies by country. Rulers of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> use religious power, while <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>'s secular presidents are supposed to follow the decisions of religious authorities since the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">1979 Islamic Revolution</a>. <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, which also has Muslim-majority population, became a secular country after <a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk%27s_reforms" title="Atatürk's reforms">Atatürk's Reforms</a>, although unlike the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> of the same time period, it did not result in the adoption of <a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">state atheism</a>. The degree to which an official national religion is imposed upon citizens by the state in contemporary society varies considerably; from high as in <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a>, to none at all as in <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greenland" title="Religion in Greenland">Greenland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a> (in Europe, the state religion might be called in English, the established church). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types">edit</a>]</div> The degree and nature of state backing for denomination or creed designated as a state religion can vary. It can range from mere endorsement (with or without financial support) with <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom for other faiths to practice</a>, to prohibiting any competing religious body from operating and to persecuting the followers of other sects.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> In Europe, competition between <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> denominations for state sponsorship in the 16th century evolved the principle <a href="/wiki/Cuius_regio,_eius_religio" title="Cuius regio, eius religio">Cuius regio, eius religio</a> (states follow the religion of the ruler) embodied in the text of the treaty that marked the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg" title="Peace of Augsburg">Peace of Augsburg</a> in 1555. In <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> broke with Rome in 1534, being declared the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Head_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Head of the Church of England">Supreme Head of the Church of England</a>,<a href="#cite_note-32">[b]</a> the official religion of England continued to be "Catholicism without the Pope" until after his death in 1547.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> In some cases, an administrative region may sponsor and fund a set of religious denominations; such is the case in <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Moselle">Alsace-Moselle</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> under its <a href="/wiki/Local_law_in_Alsace-Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Local law in Alsace-Moselle">local law</a>, following the pre-1905 French concordatory legal system and patterns in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_churches">State churches</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: State churches">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_II_national_mourning_period_-_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elizabeth_II_national_mourning_period_-_04.jpg/170px-Elizabeth_II_national_mourning_period_-_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elizabeth_II_national_mourning_period_-_04.jpg/255px-Elizabeth_II_national_mourning_period_-_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elizabeth_II_national_mourning_period_-_04.jpg/340px-Elizabeth_II_national_mourning_period_-_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3105" data-file-height="5040" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> is <a href="/wiki/Royal_peculiar" title="Royal peculiar">responsible directly to the British monarch</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> is the established church in England.</figcaption></figure> A state church (or "established church") is a state religion established by a state for use exclusively by that state. In the case of a state church, the state has absolute control over the church, but in the case of a state religion, the church is ruled by an exterior body; for example, in the case of Catholicism, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> has control over the church. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disestablishment">Disestablishment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Disestablishment">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></div> Disestablishment is the process of repealing a church's status as an organ of the state. In a state where an established church is in place, opposition to such a move may be described as <a href="/wiki/Antidisestablishmentarianism" title="Antidisestablishmentarianism">antidisestablishmentarianism</a>. This word is, however, most usually associated with the debate on the position of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> (disestablished in <a href="/wiki/Irish_Church_Act_1869" title="Irish Church Act 1869">1871</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a> (disestablished in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_Act_1914" title="Welsh Church Act 1914">1920</a>), and the Church of England itself (which remains established in England).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_states_with_a_state_religion">Current states with a state religion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Current states with a state religion">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Buddhism">edit</a>]</div> Governments where <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, either a specific form of it, or Buddhism as a whole, has been established as an official religion: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan"><img alt="Bhutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">Constitution</a> defines Buddhism as the "spiritual heritage of Bhutan". <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bhutan" title="Constitution of Bhutan">The Constitution of Bhutan</a> is based on <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Buddhist philosophy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> It also mandates that the <a href="/wiki/Druk_Gyalpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Druk Gyalpo">Druk Gyalpo</a> (King) should appoint the <a href="/wiki/Je_Khenpo" title="Je Khenpo">Je Khenpo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dratshang_Lhentshog" title="Dratshang Lhentshog">Dratshang Lhentshog</a> (The Commission for Monastic Affairs).<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Cambodia</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Cambodia">Constitution</a> declared Buddhism as the official religion of the country.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> About 98% of Cambodia's population is Buddhist.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Myanmar" title="Buddhism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a>: Section 361 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Myanmar" title="Constitution of Myanmar">Constitution</a> states that "The Union recognizes the special position of Buddhism as the faith professed by the great majority of the citizens of the Union."<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> The 1961 State Religion Promotion and Support Act requires : to teach Buddhist lessons in schools, to give priority to Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Kyaung" title="Kyaung">monasteries</a> in founding of primary schools, to make <a href="/wiki/Uposatha" title="Uposatha">Uposatha</a> days holidays during <a href="/wiki/Vassa" title="Vassa">Vassa</a> months, to broadcast Buddhist sermons by State media on Uposatha days, and other promotion and supports for Buddhism as State Religion.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Buddhism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>: The constitution of Sri Lanka states under Chapter II, Article 9, "The Republic of Sri Lanka declares Buddhism as the state religion and accordingly it shall be the duty of the Head of State and Head of Government to protect and foster the <a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81sana" title="Śāsana">Buddha Sasana</a>".<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a></li></ul> In some countries, Buddhism is not recognized as a state religion, but holds special status: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand" title="Buddhism in Thailand">Thailand</a>: Article 67 of the <a href="/wiki/Thai_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai constitution">Thai constitution</a>: "The State should support and protect Buddhism". In supporting and protecting Buddhism, the State should promote and support education and dissemination of dharmic principles of Theravada Buddhism, and shall have measures and mechanisms to prevent Buddhism from being undermined in any form. The State should also encourage Buddhists to participate in implementing such measures or mechanisms.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos" title="Buddhism in Laos">Laos</a>: According to the Lao Constitution, Buddhism is given special privilege in the country. The state respects and protects all the lawful activities of Buddhism.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia"><img alt="Kalmykia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kalmykia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>): The local Government supports Buddhism and also encourages Buddhist teachings and traditions. It also builds various Buddhist temples and sites. Various efforts are taken by the Government for the revival of Buddhism in the republic.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Christianity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_republic" title="Christian republic">Christian republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Christianity and politics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></div> The following states recognize some form of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> as their state or official religion or recognize a special status for it (by denomination): <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-denominational_Christianity">Non-denominational Christianity</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Non-denominational Christianity">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>: In June 2017, Parliament voted to amend the wording of Article 1 of the constitution, thereby making Christianity the state religion. Part 1, Section (1)(3) reads "Samoa is a Christian nation founded on God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit." The status of the religion had previously only been mentioned in the preamble, which Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tuilaepa_Aiono_Sailele_Malielegaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi">Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi</a> considered legally inadequate.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>: The preamble to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Zambia" title="Constitution of Zambia">Zambian Constitution of 1991</a> declares Zambia to be "a Christian nation", while also guaranteeing freedom of religion.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Catholicism">edit</a>]</div> Jurisdictions where <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> has been established as a state or official religion: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>: <a href="/wiki/Article_75_of_the_Constitution_of_Costa_Rica" title="Article 75 of the Constitution of Costa Rica">Article 75 of the Constitution of Costa Rica</a> confirms that "The Catholic and Apostolic Religion is the religion of the State, which contributes to its maintenance, without preventing the free exercise in the Republic of other forms of worship that are not opposed to universal morality or good customs."<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>: It is an <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocratic</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Sacerdotal_state" title="Sacerdotal state">sacerdotal</a>), <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a> ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>, who is also the <a href="/wiki/Vicar_of_Christ" title="Vicar of Christ">Vicar of Christ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pages-51">[49]</a> The highest state functionaries are all <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> clergy of various national origins. It is the sovereign territory of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Sancta Sedes) and the location of the Pope's official residence, referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a>.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Liechtenstein" title="Constitution of Liechtenstein">Constitution of Liechtenstein</a> describes the Catholic Church as the state religion and enjoying "the full protection of the State". The constitution does however ensure that people of other faiths "shall be entitled to practice their creeds and to hold religious services to the extent consistent with morality and public order".<a href="#cite_note-LiechtensteinConstitution-52">[50]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>: Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malta" title="Constitution of Malta">Constitution of Malta</a> declares that "the religion of Malta is the Catholic and Apostolic Religion".<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>: Article 9 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Monaco" title="Constitution of Monaco">Constitution of Monaco</a> describes the "Catholic, and <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic</a> religion" as the religion of the state.<a href="#cite_note-MonacoReligion-54">[52]</a></li></ul> Jurisdictions that give various degrees of recognition in their constitutions to Roman Catholicism without establishing it as the State religion: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>: Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Argentina" title="Constitution of Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a> explicitly states that the government supports the Roman Catholic Apostolic Faith, but the constitution does not establish a state religion.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> Before its 1994 amendment, the Constitution stated that the President of the Republic must be a Roman Catholic.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>: While the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_East_Timor" title="Constitution of East Timor">Constitution of East Timor</a> enshrines the principles of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separation of church and state</a> in Section 45 Comma 1, it also acknowledges "the participation of the Catholic Church in the process of national liberation" in its preamble (although this has no legal value).<a href="#cite_note-constitution-57">[55]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>: Although Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_El_Salvador" title="Constitution of El Salvador">Constitution of El Salvador</a> states that "no restrictions shall be established that are based on differences of nationality, race, sex or religion", Article 26 states that the state recognizes the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and gives it legal preference.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Guatemala" title="Constitution of Guatemala">Constitution of Guatemala</a> recognises the juridical personality of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. Other churches, cults, entities, and associations of religious character will obtain the recognition of their juridical personality in accordance with the rules of their institution.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution of Italy</a> does not establish a state religion, but recognizes the state and the Catholic Church as "independent and sovereign, each within its own sphere".<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> The Constitution additionally reserves to the Catholic faith singular position in regard to the organization of worship, as opposed to all other confessions.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Panama" title="Constitution of Panama">Constitution of Panama</a> recognizes Catholicism as "the religion of the majority" of citizens but does not designate it as the official state religion.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Paraguay" title="Constitution of Paraguay">Constitution of Paraguay</a> recognizes the Catholic Church's role in the nation's <a href="/wiki/History_of_Paraguay" title="History of Paraguay">historical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Paraguay" title="Culture of Paraguay">cultural</a> formation.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Peru" title="Constitution of Peru">Constitution of Peru</a> recognizes the Catholic Church as an important element in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Peru" title="History of Peru">historical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peru" title="Culture of Peru">cultural</a>, and moral formation of Peru and lends it its cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Poland" title="Constitution of Poland">Constitution of Poland</a> states that "The relations between the Republic of Poland and the Roman Catholic Church shall be determined by international treaty concluded with the Holy See, and by statute."<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Constitution of Spain</a> of 1978 abolished <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> as the official state religion, while recognizing the role it plays in Spanish society.<a href="#cite_note-es_CONSTITUTION-67">[65]</a> The State allocates the 0.7% of the personal income tax corresponding to taxpayers who express their will to support the Catholic Church <a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Eastern Orthodoxy">edit</a>]</div> The jurisdictions below give various degrees of recognition in their constitutions to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>, but without establishing it as the state religion: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a> is recognized by the Greek Constitution as the prevailing religion in Greece.<a href="#cite_note-GreeceConstitution-69">[67]</a> However, this provision does not give exclusivity of worship to the Church of Greece, while all other religions are recognized as equal and may be practiced freely.<a href="#cite_note-GreeceConstitution2-70">[68]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>: In the Bulgarian Constitution, Eastern Orthodoxy is recognized as "the traditional religion" of the Bulgarian people, but the state itself remains secular.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cyprus" title="Constitution of Cyprus">Constitution of Cyprus</a> states: "The Autocephalous <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodoxy">Greek-Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Church of Cyprus</a> shall continue to have the exclusive right of regulating and administering its own internal affairs and property in accordance with the Holy Canons and its Charter in force for the time being and the Greek Communal Chamber shall not act inconsistently with such right."<a href="#cite_note-CyprusConstitution-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[c]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>: Both the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Orthodox Church">Finnish Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Finland" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland</a> have judicial ties to the state.<a href="#cite_note-Finland_Constitution-74">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodox Church</a> has a constitutional agreement with the state, the constitution recognizing "the special role of the Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia in the history of Georgia and its independence from the state".<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> (See also <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_2002" title="Concordat of 2002">Concordat of 2002</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Protestantism">Protestantism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Protestantism">edit</a>]</div> The following states recognize some form of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> as their state or official religion: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Commonwealth"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">The Commonwealth</a></h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Commonwealth">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Anglicanism">edit</a>]</div> The Anglican <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> is the established church in England as well as all three of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a>: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> is the established church in England, but not in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> It is the only established Anglican church worldwide. The Anglican <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> are not established churches and they are independent of the Church of England. The <a href="/wiki/British_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="British monarchy">British monarch</a> is the titular <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor of the Church of England</a>. The 26 most senior bishops in the Church of England are <a href="/wiki/Lords_Spiritual" title="Lords Spiritual">Lords Spiritual</a> and have seats in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> is the established church in the <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a>, and the leader of the Church of England in the territory is the <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_Guernsey" title="Dean of Guernsey">Dean of Guernsey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> is the established church on the Isle of Man. The <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Sodor_and_Man" title="Bishop of Sodor and Man">Bishop of Sodor and Man</a> is an ex officio member of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Legislative Council of the Isle of Man">Legislative Council</a> (the upper house of <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a>).<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> is the established church in <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailiwick of Jersey">Jersey</a>, and the leader of the church on the island is the <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_Jersey" title="Dean of Jersey">Dean of Jersey</a>, a non-voting member of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Jersey">States of Jersey</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Calvinism">Calvinism</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Calvinism">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> is the <a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">national church</a>, but not the United Kingdom as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-Scotland-80">[77]</a> While it is the national church, it 'is not State controlled' and the monarch is not the 'supreme governor' as in the Church of England.<a href="#cite_note-Scotland-80">[77]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Tuvalu" title="Church of Tuvalu">Church of Tuvalu</a> is the state religion, although in practice this merely entitles it to "the privilege of performing special services on major national events".<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Tuvalu" title="Constitution of Tuvalu">Constitution of Tuvalu</a> guarantees freedom of religion, including the freedom to practice, the freedom to change religion, the right not to receive religious instruction at school or to attend religious ceremonies at school, and the right not to "take an oath or make an affirmation that is contrary to his religion or belief".<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nordic_countries">Nordic countries</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nordic countries">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Lutheranism">edit</a>]</div> Jurisdictions where a <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> church has been fully or partially established as a state recognized religion include the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic States">Nordic States</a>. <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: Section 4 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Constitution of Denmark</a> confirms the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Church of Denmark</a> as the established church.<a href="#cite_note-DenmarkConstitution-83">[80]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Church of the Faroe Islands">Church of the Faroe Islands</a> is the state church of the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous administrative division</a> within the <a href="/wiki/The_unity_of_the_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="The unity of the Realm">Danish Realm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>: The Church of Denmark is the state church of <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, an autonomous administrative division within the Danish Realm.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iceland" title="Constitution of Iceland">Constitution of Iceland</a> confirms the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Iceland" title="Church of Iceland">Church of Iceland</a> as the state church of Iceland.<a href="#cite_note-IcelandConstitution-86">[83]</a></li></ul> Jurisdictions that give various degrees of recognition in their constitutions to Lutheranism without establishing it as the state religion: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Finland" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland</a> has a special relationship with the Finnish state, its internal structure being described in a special law, the Church Act.<a href="#cite_note-Finland_Constitution-74">[71]</a> The Church Act can be amended only by a decision of the synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church and subsequent ratification by the Parliament of Finland. The Church Act is protected by the Constitution of Finland and the state cannot change the Church Act without changing the constitution. The church has the power to tax its members. The state collects these taxes for the church, for a fee. On the other hand, the church is required to give a burial place for everyone in its graveyards.<a href="#cite_note-Finland_Constitution-74">[71]</a> The President of Finland also decides the themes for intercession days. The church does not consider itself a state church, as the Finnish state does not have the power to influence its internal workings or its theology, although it has a veto in those changes of the internal structure which require changing the Church Act. Neither does the Finnish state accord any precedence to Lutherans or the Lutheran faith in its own acts.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/35px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/46px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>: Until 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Norway" title="Church of Norway">Church of Norway</a> was not a separate legal entity from the government. It was disestablished and became a <a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">national church</a>, a legally distinct entity from the state with special constitutional status. The King of Norway is required by the Constitution to be a member of the Church of Norway, and the church is regulated by special canon law, unlike other religions.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a> was the state church of Sweden between 1527 when King Gustav Vasa broke all ties with Rome and 2000 when the state officially became secular. Much like in Finland, it does have a special relation to the Swedish state unlike any other religious organizations. For example, there is a special law that regulates certain aspects of the church<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> and the members of the royal family are required to belong to it in order to have a claim to the line of succession. A majority of the population still belongs to the Church of Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other/mixed">Other/mixed</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other/mixed">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Orthodox Church">Armenian Orthodox Church</a> has a constitutional agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">State</a>: "The Republic of Armenia shall recognise the exclusive mission of the Armenian Orthodox Holy Church, as a national church, in the spiritual life of the Armenian people, in the development of their national culture and preservation of their national identity."<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>: The constitution of the Dominican Republic specifies that there is no state church and provides for freedom of religion and belief. A <a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">concordat</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> designates Catholicism as the official religion and extends special privileges to the Catholic Church not granted to other religious groups. These include the legal recognition of church law, use of public funds to underwrite some church expenses, and complete exoneration from customs duties.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>: While Catholicism has not been the state religion since 1987, a 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">concordat</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> continues to confer preferential treatment to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, in the form of stipends for clergy and financial support to churches and religious schools. The Catholic Church also retains the right to appoint certain amounts of clergy in Haiti without the government's consent.<a href="#cite_note-Haiti-92">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-:usirf17-93">[90]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>: The preamble to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hungary" title="Constitution of Hungary">Hungarian Constitution of 2011</a> describes Hungary as "part of Christian Europe" and acknowledges "the role of Christianity in preserving nationhood", while Article VII provides that "the State shall cooperate with the Churches for community goals." However, the constitution also guarantees freedom of religion and separation of church and state.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nicaragua" title="Constitution of Nicaragua">Nicaraguan Constitution of 1987</a> states that the country has no official religion, but defines "Christian values" as one of the "principles of the Nicaraguan nation".<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>: Although Church and State are formally separate, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Portugal" title="Catholic Church in Portugal">Catholic Church in Portugal</a> still receives certain privileges.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Islam">edit</a>]</div> Many <a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim-majority_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Muslim-majority countries">Muslim-majority countries</a> have constitutionally established Islam, or a specific form of it, as a state religion. <a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">Proselytism</a> (converting people away from Islam) is often illegal in such states.<a href="#cite_note-dpn-97">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Afghanistan" title="Islam in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>: Officially, Afghanistan has continuously been an Islamic state under various constitutions since at least 1987.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Algeria" title="Islam in Algeria">Algeria</a>: "Islam shall be the religion of the State."<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>: Article (2A) of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Constitution of Bangladesh</a> declares: "Islam is the state religion of the republic".<a href="#cite_note-bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd-104">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bahrain" title="Islam in Bahrain">Bahrain</a>: "The religion of the State is Islam."<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Brunei" title="Islam in Brunei">Brunei</a>: Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Brunei" title="Constitution of Brunei">Constitution of Brunei</a>: "The official religion of Brunei Darussalam shall be the Islamic Religion ..."<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti"><img alt="Djibouti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Djibouti" title="Islam in Djibouti">Djibouti</a>: Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Djibouti" title="Constitution of Djibouti">Constitution of Djibouti</a>: "Islam is the Religion of the State."<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Egypt" title="Islam in Egypt">Egypt</a>: Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Constitution_of_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Constitution of 2014">Egyptian Constitution of 2014</a>: "Islam is the religion of the State".<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iran" title="Islam in Iran">Iran</a>: Article 12 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Constitution of Iran</a>: "The official religion of Iran is Islam and the <a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">Twelver</a> <a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ja'fari jurisprudence">Ja'farî school</a> [in usul al-Dîn and fiqh], and this principle will remain eternally immutable."<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> Islam has been Iran's state religion since 1501 dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a> and has continued ever since, excluding the period of breaks in the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iraq" title="Islam in Iraq">Iraq</a>: Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iraq" title="Constitution of Iraq">Constitution of Iraq</a>: "Islam is the official religion of the State and is a foundation source of legislation ..."<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Jordan" title="Islam in Jordan">Jordan</a>: Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Jordan" title="Constitution of Jordan">Constitution of Jordan</a>: "Islam is the religion of the State and Arabic is its official language."<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kuwait" title="Islam in Kuwait">Kuwait</a>: Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kuwait" title="Constitution of Kuwait">Constitution of Kuwait</a>: "The religion of the State is Islam and Islamic Law shall be a main source of legislation."<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Libya" title="Islam in Libya">Libya</a>: Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_interim_Constitutional_Declaration" title="Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration">Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration</a>: "Islam is the Religion of the State and the principal source of legislation is Islamic Jurisprudence (Shari'a)."<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia" title="Islam in Malaysia">Malaysia</a>: Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Federal Constitution of Malaysia</a>: "Islam is the religion of the Federation; but other religions may be practised in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation."<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives"><img alt="Maldives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in the Maldives">Maldives</a>: Article 10 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Maldives" title="Constitution of the Maldives">Maldives's Constitution of 2008</a>: "The religion of the State of the Maldives is Islam. Islam shall be the one of the bases of all the laws of the Maldives."<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mauritania" title="Islam in Mauritania">Mauritania</a>: Article 5 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mauritania" title="Constitution of Mauritania">Constitution of Mauritania</a>: "Islam is the religion of the people and of the State."<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Morocco" title="Islam in Morocco">Morocco</a>: Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Morocco" title="Constitution of Morocco">Constitution of Morocco</a>: "Islam is the religion of the State, which guarantees to all the free exercise of beliefs [cultes]."<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman"><img alt="Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Oman" title="Islam in Oman">Oman</a>: Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Oman">Constitution of Oman</a>: "The religion of the State is Islam and Islamic Sharia is the basis for legislation."<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Pakistan" title="Islam in Pakistan">Pakistan</a>: Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a>: "Islam shall be the State religion of Pakistan."<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Palestine</a>: Article 4 of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Basic_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Basic Law">Basic Law of the State of Palestine</a>: "Islam is the official religion in Palestine. Respect and sanctity of all other heavenly religions shall be maintained."<a href="#cite_note-mideast-121">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar"><img alt="Qatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Qatar" title="Islam in Qatar">Qatar</a>: Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Qatar" title="Constitution of Qatar">Constitution of Qatar</a>: "Qatar is an independent sovereign Arab State. Its religion is Islam and Shari'a law shall be a main source of its legislations."<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Islam in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>: Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Basic Law of Saudi Arabia">Basic Law of Saudi Arabia</a>: "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Arab Islamic State. Its religion is Islam."<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a>: Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> declares that Islam is the state religion and law origin.<a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia" title="Islam in Somalia">Somalia</a>: Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somalia" title="Constitution of Somalia">Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia</a>: "Islam is the religion of the State."<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Syria" title="Islam in Syria">Syria</a>: Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Syria" title="Constitution of Syria">Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic</a>: The religion of the President of the Republic is Islam; <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Islamic jurisprudence</a> shall be a major source of legislation.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Islam in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>: Article 7 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Constitution of the United Arab Emirates">Constitution of the United Arab Emirates</a>: "Islam shall be the official religion of the Union."<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Yemen" title="Islam in Yemen">Yemen</a>: Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Yemen" title="Constitution of Yemen">Constitution of Yemen</a>: "Islam is the religion of the state, and Arabic is its official language."<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a></li></ul> In some countries, Islam is not recognized as a state religion, but holds special status: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tajikistan" title="Islam in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>: Although there is a separation of religion from politics, certain aspects of law also privilege Islam. One such law declares "Islam to be a traditional religion of Tajikistan, with more rights and privileges given to Islamic organizations than to religious groups of non-Muslim origin".<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tunisia" title="Islam in Tunisia">Tunisia</a>: Article 5 of the Constitution declares that "Tunisia is part of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>, and the state alone must work to achieve the goals of pure Islam in preserving honourable life of religious freedom". Islam has been given special privileges by the Constitution, though it is no longer the state religion.<a href="#cite_note-auto-129">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-130">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkmenistan" title="Islam in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>: The Constitution claims to uphold a secular system in which religious and state institutions are separate. However, in Turkmenistan, the state actively privileges a form of traditional Islam. The culture, including Islam, is a key facet, contributes to the Turkmen national identity. The state encourages the conceptualization of "Turkmen Islam".<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Uzbekistan" title="Islam in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>: Since independence, Islam has taken on an altogether new role in the nation-building process in Uzbekistan. The government affords Islam in special status and declared it as a national heritage and a moral guideline.<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Judaism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>: Since the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Proclamation of Israeli independence in 1948</a>, Judaism is defined in several of its laws as a "<a href="/wiki/Jewish_and_democratic_state" title="Jewish and democratic state">Jewish and democratic state</a>" (medina yehudit ve-demokratit). However, the term "<a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a>" is a <a href="/wiki/Polysemy" title="Polysemy">polyseme</a> that can describe the Jewish people <a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F" title="Who is a Jew?">as either an ethnic or a religious group</a>. The debate about the meaning of the term "Jewish" and its legal and social applications is one of the most profound issues with which Israeli society deals. The problem of the status of religion in Israel, even though it is relevant to all religions, usually refers to the status of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> in Israeli society. Thus, even though from a constitutional point of view Judaism is not the state religion in Israel, its status nevertheless determines relations between religion and state and the extent to which religion influences the political center.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Return" title="Law of Return">Law of Return</a>, passed on 5 July 1950, gives the global <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jewish diaspora</a> the right to relocate to Israel and acquire <a href="/wiki/Israeli_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli citizenship">Israeli citizenship</a>. Section - (1) of that law declares that "Every Jew has the right to come to this country as an Oleh"('immigrant'). In the Law of Return, the State of Israel gave effect to the <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist movement</a>'s "credo" which called for the establishment of Israel as a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign" title="Sovereign">Sovereign</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a> with <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democratic</a> setups, ideals and values.<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> The State of Israel supports religious institutions, particularly <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jewish</a> ones, and recognizes the "religious communities" as carried over from those recognized under the British Mandate—in turn derived from the pre-1917 Ottoman system of <a href="/wiki/Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Millet (Ottoman Empire)">millets</a>. These are Jewish and Christian (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Catholic">Latin Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregorian-Armenian" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian-Armenian">Gregorian-Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian-Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronite Catholic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox</a>). The fact that the Muslim population was not defined as a religious community does not affect the rights of the Muslim community to practice their faith. At the end of the period covered by the 2009 U.S. International Religious Freedom Report, several of these denominations were pending official government recognition; however, the Government has allowed adherents of not officially recognized groups the freedom to practice. In 1961, legislation gave Muslim Shari'a courts exclusive jurisdiction in matters of personal status. Three additional religious communities have subsequently been recognized by Israeli law: the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> (prior under Islamic jurisdiction), the Evangelical Episcopal Church, and followers of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_religions">Political religions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Political religions">edit</a>]</div> In some countries, there is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">political ideology</a> sponsored by the government that may be called <a href="/wiki/Political_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Political religion">political religion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multiple_religion_recognition">Multiple religion recognition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Multiple religion recognition">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>: The government of China officially espouses <a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">state atheism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Dillon2001-137">[134]</a> and officially recognizes only five religions: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoism in China">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_China" title="Catholic Church in China">Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestantism</a>).<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> Despite limitations on certain forms of religious expression and assembly, religion is not banned, and religious freedom is nominally protected under the Chinese constitution. Among the general Chinese population there is a wide variety of religious practices.<a href="#cite_note-French-139">[136]</a> The Chinese government's attitude to religion is one of skepticism and non-promotion.<a href="#cite_note-French-139">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Local_law_in_Alsace-Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Local law in Alsace-Moselle">local law in Alsace-Moselle</a> accords official status to four religions in this specific region of France: <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a>. The law is a remnant of the Napoleonic <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1801" title="Concordat of 1801">Concordat of 1801</a>, which was abrogated in the rest of France by the <a href="/wiki/1905_French_law_on_the_separation_of_Church_and_State" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 French law on the separation of Church and State">law of 1905</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separation of church and state</a>. However, at the time, Alsace-Moselle had been <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">annexed by Germany</a>. The Concordat, therefore, remained in force in these areas, and it was not abrogated when France regained control of the region in 1918. Therefore, the separation of church and state, part of the French concept of <a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFcit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Laïcité">Laïcité</a>, does not apply in this region.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> is officially a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">presidential republic</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary state</a> that does not declare or designate a state religion. Officially, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Indonesia" title="Government of Indonesia">the government</a> recognizes six religions: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Indonesia" title="Protestantism in Indonesia">Protestantism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia" title="Catholic Church in Indonesia">Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Indonesia" title="Hinduism in Indonesia">Hinduism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucianism in Indonesia">Confucianism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> as well as traditional and indigenous beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pancasila_(politics)" title="Pancasila (politics)">Pancasila</a> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Charter" title="Jakarta Charter">Jakarta Charter</a> whose first article was changed from "Divinity, with the obligation to carry out Islamic law for its adherents" to "the One Divinity", to respect other religions. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indonesia" title="Constitution of Indonesia">Constitution of Indonesia</a> guarantees freedom of religion and the practice of other religions and beliefs, including traditional animistic beliefs. Indonesians who are practicing other unrecognized religions such as <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jains</a> are often counted as "Hindu" while Indonesians practicing <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodoxy</a> are often counted as "Christian" for governmental purposes.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Atheism_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheism in Indonesia">Atheism</a>, although not prosecuted, is discouraged by the state ideology of <a href="/wiki/Pancasila_(politics)" title="Pancasila (politics)">Pancasila</a>. In addition, the province of <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a> receives a special status and a higher degree of autonomy, in which it may enact laws (<a href="/wiki/Qanun_(law)" title="Qanun (law)">qanuns</a>) based on the <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> and enforce it, especially to its Muslim residents.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>: There are 18 officially recognized religious groups in Lebanon, each with its own family law legislation and set of religious courts.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> Under the terms of an agreement known as the <a href="/wiki/National_Pact" title="National Pact">National Pact</a> between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Lebanon">president of the country</a> must be a <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite Christianity in Lebanon">Maronite</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Prime Minister</a> must be a <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Sunni_Muslims" title="Lebanese Sunni Muslims">Sunni</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon">Speaker of Parliament</a> must be a <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Shia_Muslims" title="Lebanese Shia Muslims">Shia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> is a secular state, but the Grand Duchy recognizes and supports several denominations, including the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Luxembourg">Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox">Greek Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Russian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Orthodox">Romanian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Orthodox">Serbian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Luxembourg" title="Protestantism in Luxembourg">Protestantism</a> denominations as well as to <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> congregations.<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> is a secular nation, and secularism in Nepal under the interim constitution (Part 1, Article 4) is defined as "religious and cultural freedom, along with the protection of religion and culture handed down from time immemorial." That is, "the state government is bound for protecting and fostering Hindu religion" while maintaining "religious" and "cultural" freedom throughout the nation as fundamental rights.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>: Though a <a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">secular state</a> under the constitution, Russia is often said to have <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodoxy</a> as the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> national religion, despite other minorities: "The Russian Orthodox Church is de facto privileged religion of the state, claiming the right to decide which other religions or denominations are to be granted the right of registration".<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Russia" title="Islam in Russia">Islam in Russia</a> is recognized under the law and by Russian political leaders as one of Russia's traditional religions, Islam is a part of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russian historical heritage</a>, and is <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidized</a> by the Russian government.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> The position of Islam as a major Russian religion, alongside <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christianity</a>, dates from the time of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a>, who sponsored <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Islamic clerics</a> and scholarship through the <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Muslim_Spiritual_Assembly" title="Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly">Orenburg Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> is officially a secular country and does not have a state religion, and has been named in one study as the "most religiously diverse nation in the world", with no religious group forming a majority.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> However, the government gives official recognition to ten different religions, namely <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Singapore" title="Buddhism in Singapore">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Singapore" title="Christianity in Singapore">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Singapore" title="Islam in Singapore">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Singapore" title="Hinduism in Singapore">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism_in_Singapore" title="Taoism in Singapore">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Singapore" title="Sikhism in Singapore">Sikhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Singapore" title="History of the Jews in Singapore">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Singapore" title="Jainism in Singapore">Jainism</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>,<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> and Singapore's penal code explicitly prohibits "wounding religious feelings". The <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a> are also banned in Singapore, as the government deems them to be a threat to national security.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> is officially secular at the federal level but 24 of the 26 cantons support both the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Swiss Reformed Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> in various ways.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkey" title="Islam in Turkey">Turkey</a>: The Republic of Turkey is officially a <a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">secular country</a>. None of the past and the latest <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey" title="Constitution of Turkey">constitutions</a> recognizes an <a href="/wiki/Official_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Official religion">official religion</a> nor promotes any.<a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> But; the <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Directorate of Religious Affairs</a>, an official state institution established by <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> in 1924,<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> expresses opinions only on religious matters regarding <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> institutions.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> The directorate regulates the operation of the country's hundreds of thousands of registered mosques and employs local and provincial imams (who are civil servants) who are appointed and paid by the state,<a href="#cite_note-US2008-163">[160]</a> whilst other sects of Islam with a sizeable minority such as <a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> are not being regulated nor being funded by the directorate.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a></li></ul> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a> explicitly guarantees the security and protection of both <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Turkey" title="Christianity in Turkey">Greek and Armenian Orthodox Christian minorities</a> and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Turkey" title="History of the Jews in Turkey">Turkish-Jews</a>. Their religious institutions are recognized officially by the state.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> is officially <a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">atheist</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> (although sometimes also referred as atheist-Buddhist),<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> but recognizes only 38 religious organizations and one dharma practice.<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_state_religions">Former state religions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Former state religions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_religion_and_Christianity">Roman religion and Christianity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Roman religion and Christianity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Roman imperial cult</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">Christianity as the Roman state religion</a></div> In Rome, the office of <a href="/wiki/Pontifex_Maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifex Maximus">Pontifex Maximus</a> came to be reserved for the Emperor, who was occasionally <a href="/wiki/Apotheosis" title="Apotheosis">declared a god</a> posthumously, or sometimes during his reign. Failure to worship the Emperor as a god was at times punishable by death, as the Roman government sought to link emperor worship with loyalty to the Empire. Many Christians and Jews were subject to persecution, torture and death in the Roman Empire because it was against their beliefs to worship the Emperor.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 311, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a>, on his deathbed, declared a religious indulgence to Christians throughout the Roman Empire, focusing on the ending of anti-Christian persecution. <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a>, the two <a href="/wiki/Augustus_(title)" title="Augustus (title)">Augusti</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Milan" title="Edict of Milan">Edict of Milan</a> of 313, enacted a law allowing religious freedom to everyone within the Roman Empire. Furthermore, the Edict of Milan cited that Christians may openly practice their religion unmolested and unrestricted, and provided that properties taken from Christians be returned to them unconditionally. Although the Edict of Milan allowed religious freedom throughout the Empire, it did not abolish nor disestablish the Roman state cult (Roman polytheistic paganism). The Edict of Milan was written in such a way as to implore the blessings of the deity.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Constantine called up the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> in 325, although he was not a baptized Christian until years later. Despite enjoying considerable popular support, Christianity was still not the official state religion in Rome, although it was in some neighboring states such as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Iberia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksum</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neoplatonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplatonic">Neoplatonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in ancient Greece">Hellenism</a>) was restored for a time by the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a> from 361 to 363. Julian does not appear to have reinstated the persecutions of the earlier <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman emperors">Roman emperors</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> Christianity, as opposed to Arianism and other ideologies deemed <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heretical</a>, was declared to be the <a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">state religion of the Roman Empire</a> on 27 February 380<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> by the decree <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Thessalonica" title="Edict of Thessalonica">De fide catolica</a> of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Han_dynasty_Confucianism">Han dynasty Confucianism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Han dynasty Confucianism">edit</a>]</div> In China, the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (206 BCE – 220 CE) advocated <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> as the de facto state religion, establishing tests based on Confucian texts as an entrance requirement into government service—although, in fact, the "Confucianism" advocated by the Han emperors may be more properly termed a sort of Confucian <a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Legalism</a> or "State Confucianism". This sort of Confucianism continued to be regarded by the emperors, with a few notable exceptions, as a form of state religion from this time until the <a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">collapse</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">Chinese monarchy</a> in 1912. Note, however, there is a debate over whether Confucianism (including <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism" title="Neo-Confucianism">Neo-Confucianism</a>) is a religion or purely a philosophical system.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yuan_dynasty_Buddhism">Yuan dynasty Buddhism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Yuan dynasty Buddhism">edit</a>]</div> During the Mongol-led <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> of China (1271–1368 CE), <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> was established as the de facto state religion by the <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>, the founder of the Yuan dynasty. The top-level department and government agency known as the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Buddhist_and_Tibetan_Affairs" title="Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs">Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs</a> (Xuanzheng Yuan) was set up in <a href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Khanbaliq</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>) to supervise <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monk" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist monk">Buddhist monks</a> throughout the empire. Since Kublai Khan only esteemed the <a href="/wiki/Sakya_(Tibetan_Buddhist_school)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)">Sakya</a> sect of Tibetan Buddhism, other religions became less important. Before the end of the Yuan dynasty, 14 leaders of the Sakya sect had held the post of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Preceptor" title="Imperial Preceptor">Imperial Preceptor</a> (Dishi), thereby enjoying special power.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golden_Horde_and_Ilkhanate">Golden Horde and Ilkhanate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Golden Horde and Ilkhanate">edit</a>]</div> The Mongol rulers <a href="/wiki/Ghazan" title="Ghazan">Ghazan</a> of Ilkhanate and <a href="/wiki/%C3%96z_Beg_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Öz Beg Khan">Uzbeg</a> of Golden Horde converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in 1295 CE because of the Muslim Mongol emir <a href="/wiki/Nawr%C5%ABz_(Mongol_emir)" title="Nawrūz (Mongol emir)">Nawruz</a> and in 1313 CE because of <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukharan</a> <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">sayyid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">sheikh</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Abdul_Hamid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Abdul Hamid (page does not exist)">Ibn Abdul Hamid</a> respectively. Their official favoring of Islam as the state religion coincided with a marked attempt to bring the regime closer to the non-Mongol majority of the regions they ruled. In Ilkhanate, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> subjects lost their equal status with Muslims and again had to pay the poll tax; Buddhists had the starker choice of conversion or expulsion.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_state_churches_in_British_North_America">Former state churches in British North America</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Former state churches in British North America">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States#State_churches_in_British_North_America_prior_to_the_Revolution" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state in the United States § State churches in British North America prior to the Revolution</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_states">Other states</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Other states">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/State_of_Deseret" title="State of Deseret">State of Deseret</a> was an unrecognised provisional <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> of the United States, proposed in 1849, by <a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a> settlers in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>. The provisional state existed for slightly over two years, but attempts to gain recognition by the United States government floundered for various reasons. The <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a> which was then founded was under Mormon control, and repeated attempts to gain statehood met resistance, in part due to concerns that the principle of separation of church and state conflicted with the practice of members of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> placing their highest value on "following counsel" in virtually all matters relating to their church-centered lives. The state of <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> was eventually admitted to the union on 4 January 1896, after the various issues had been resolved.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Kingdom of Hawaii</a>: From 1862 to 1893 the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Hawaii" title="Church of Hawaii">Church of Hawaii</a>, an Anglican body, was the official state and national church of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Kingdom of Hawaii</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese Empire</a>: see details in the <a href="/wiki/State_Shint%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="State Shintō">State Shintō</a> article.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: Article 133 of the 1814 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlands" title="Constitution of the Netherlands">Constitution</a> stipulated the <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Netherlands">Sovereign Prince</a> should be a member of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Reformed Church</a>; this provision was dropped in the 1815 Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> The 1815 Constitution also provided for a state salary and pension for the priesthood of established religions at the time (Protestantism, Catholicism and Judaism). This settlement, nicknamed de zilveren koorde (the silver cord), was abolished in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> was the world's only <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> state until 2015, when the new constitution declared it a <a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">secular state</a>. <a href="/wiki/Proselytizing" class="mw-redirect" title="Proselytizing">Proselytizing</a> remains illegal.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Millet (Ottoman Empire)">Millet system</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Turkish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[millet]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: مِلَّة) was the independent <a href="/wiki/Court_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of law">court of law</a> pertaining to "personal law" under which a <a href="/wiki/Confessional_community" title="Confessional community">confessional community</a> (a group abiding by the laws of Muslim <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a>, Christian <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a>, or Jewish <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a>) was allowed to rule itself under its own laws.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: Spain formerly was a Catholic confessional state under <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>, but currently is a non-confessional state.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> had <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sudan" title="Islam in Sudan">Islam</a> as the official religion during the rule of <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Sudan" title="Constitution of Sudan">Constitution of Sudan</a> of 2005.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> It was declared a secular state in September 2020.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tunisia" title="Islam in Tunisia">Tunisia</a>: Article 5 of the Constitution declares that "Tunisia is part of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>, and the state alone must work to achieve the goals of pure Islam in preserving honorable life of religious freedom". Although Islam has been given special privileges by the Constitution, it is no longer the state religion.<a href="#cite_note-auto-129">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-130">[127]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/15px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/23px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/30px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="405" /> <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> sanctioned <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> as the state religions.<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-Calabresi2021-186">[183]</a> Buddhism became an arm of the shogunate, and temples were used for population registration. Distinctive schools of Japanese Buddhism such as <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a> structured Japanese religious life until the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> Confucian <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Xi" title="Zhu Xi">Zhu Xi</a>'s teaching became a major intellectual force, and the <a href="/wiki/Four_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Books">Four Books</a> became available to virtually every educated person.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Established_churches_and_former_state_churches">Established churches and former state churches</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Established churches and former state churches">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/State_religion" title="Special:EditPage/State religion">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22State+religion%22">"State religion"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22State+religion%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22State+religion%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22State+religion%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22State+religion%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22State+religion%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (March 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Church </th> <th>Denomination </th> <th>Disestablished </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Anhalt" title="Duchy of Anhalt">Anhalt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_State_Church_of_Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical State Church of Anhalt">Evangelical State Church of Anhalt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">united Protestant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918-1919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918-1919">1918</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a></td> <td>1921 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitutional_Law_(Austrian_act)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Constitutional Law (Austrian act)">1918</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Baden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td> 1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Baden" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Baden">United Evangelical Protestant State Church of Baden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">united Protestant</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Bavaria" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria">Protestant State Church in the Kingdom of Bavaria right of the Rhine</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reformed_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed churches">Reformed</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Palatinate" title="Evangelical Church of the Palatinate">United Protestant Evangelical Christian Church of the Palatinate</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">united Protestant</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a></td> <td>1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bolivia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bolivia" title="Constitution of Bolivia">2009</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brazil<a href="#cite_note-189">[d]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Constitution_of_Brazil#Old_Republic" title="History of the Constitution of Brazil">1890</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick" title="Duchy of Brunswick">Brunswick</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Lutheran_State_Church_of_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Lutheran State Church of Brunswick">Evangelical Lutheran State Church in Brunswick</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918-1919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918-1919">1918</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bulgaria</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgarian Orthodox Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></td> <td>1946 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central African Empire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operation_Caban" title="Operation Caban">1979</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chile</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1925" title="Chilean Constitution of 1925">1925</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colombia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>1936<a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cuba</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>1902 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cyprus</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Church of Cyprus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></td> <td>1977, after the death of <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnarch" title="Ethnarch">Ethnarch</a> <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Czechoslovakia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Constitution_of_1920" title="Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920">1920</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denmark</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Church of Denmark</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>Current </td></tr> <tr> <td>England</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a></td> <td>Current </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Revolution" title="Ethiopian Revolution">1974</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Church of the Faroe Islands">Church of the Faroe Islands</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>Elevated from a diocese of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Church of Denmark</a> in 2007 (the two remain in close cooperation) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Finland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Finland" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>1867 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Orthodox Church">Finnish Orthodox Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></td> <td>1917 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">France</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Reason" title="Cult of Reason">Cult of Reason</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1794 (established 1793) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being" title="Cult of the Supreme Being">Cult of the Supreme Being</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1794, (banned in 1802) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[e]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1905_French_law_on_the_Separation_of_the_Churches_and_the_State" title="1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State">1905</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodox Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></td> <td>1921 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Greece</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a><a href="#cite_note-GreeceConstitution-69">[67]</a></td> <td>The Church is recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Greece" title="Constitution of Greece">Greek Constitution</a> as the "prevailing religion" in Greece.<a href="#cite_note-GreeceConstitution-69">[67]</a> However, this does not give it established status, and all other religions are recognized as equal and may be practiced freely.<a href="#cite_note-GreeceConstitution2-70">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Church of Denmark</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>Under discussion to be elevated from <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Greenland">The Diocese of Greenland in the Church of Denmark</a> to a state church for Greenland, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Church of the Faroe Islands">Faroese Church</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Guatemala</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>1871 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Haiti</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Haiti" title="Constitution of Haiti">1987</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Hawaii" title="Church of Hawaii">Church of Hawaii</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom">1893</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Hesse</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Hesse_and_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Hesse and Nassau">Evangelical Church in Hesse</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">united Protestant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918-1919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918-1919">1918</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Honduras" title="Constitution of Honduras">1982</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hungary<a href="#cite_note-194">[f]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>1946 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iceland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Church_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Church of Iceland">Lutheran Evangelical Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>Current </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="">Ireland<a href="#cite_note-199">[g]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a></td> <td>1871 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty#History" title="Lateran Treaty">18 February 1984</a> (effective 25 April 1985<a href="#cite_note-200">[193]</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a><a href="#cite_note-LiechtensteinConstitution-52">[50]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>Current </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lippe" title="Principality of Lippe">Lippe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Lippe" title="Church of Lippe">Church of Lippe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reformed_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed churches">Reformed</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Lübeck">Lübeck</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Elbian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="North Elbian Evangelical Lutheran Church">Evangelical Lutheran Church in the State of Lübeck</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>Not an official state church.<a href="#cite_note-201">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>Current </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Mecklenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Mecklenburg">Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Mecklenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg-Strelitz State Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_1857" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of 1857">1857</a> (reestablished 1864 to 1867) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Monaco</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>1999 (reestablished 2020) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reformed_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed churches">Reformed</a></td> <td>1795 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nicaragua</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>1939<a href="#cite_note-202">[195]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church">Macedonian Orthodox Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></td> <td>1921 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norway</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Norway" title="Church of Norway">Church of Norway</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>Since 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Norway" title="Constitution of Norway">Constitution of Norway</a> does not name Lutheranism as the state religion, and in 2017 the Church became an independent legal entity.<a href="#cite_note-regjeringen.no-203">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-snl.no-204">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[198]</a> However, Article 16 says "The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Norway" title="Church of Norway">Church of Norway</a> [...] will remain the National Church of Norway and will as such be supported by the State."<a href="#cite_note-:0-206">[199]</a> The separation was official on 1 January 2017.<a href="#cite_note-regjeringen.no-203">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-stortinget.no-207">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Oldenburg" title="Grand Duchy of Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Oldenburg" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Oldenburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Panama</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>1904 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td>1992<a href="#cite_note-208">[201]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peru</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Peru" title="Constitution of Peru">1993</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philippines<a href="#cite_note-209">[h]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">1898</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poland<a href="#cite_note-210">[i]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Small_Constitution_of_1947" title="Small Constitution of 1947">1947</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Portugal<a href="#cite_note-211">[j]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">1910</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">1976</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a> (pre-1866 provinces)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_State_Church_of_Prussia%27s_older_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces">Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces</a> (nine ecclesiastical provinces)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">united Protestant</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prussia (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hanover" title="Province of Hanover">Province of Hanover</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_-_Synod_of_Reformed_Churches_in_Bavaria_and_Northwestern_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Reformed Church - Synod of Reformed Churches in Bavaria and Northwestern Germany">Evangelical Reformed State Church of the Province of Hanover</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Reformed church">Reformed</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prussia (Province of Hanover)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_State_Church_of_Hanover" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Hanover">Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Hanover</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prussia (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hesse-Nassau" title="Province of Hesse-Nassau">Province of Hesse-Nassau</a>, partially)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Hesse_and_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Hesse and Nassau">Evangelical State Church of Frankfurt upon Main</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">united Protestant</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prussia (Province of Hesse-Nassau, partially)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Hesse-Kassel_and_Waldeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Hesse-Kassel and Waldeck">Evangelical Church of Electoral Hesse</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">united Protestant</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prussia (Province of Hesse-Nassau, partially)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Hesse_and_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Hesse and Nassau">Evangelical State Church in Nassau</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">united Protestant</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prussia (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Province of Schleswig-Holstein">Province of Schleswig-Holstein</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Elbian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="North Elbian Evangelical Lutheran Church">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schleswig-Holstein</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Romania</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodox Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">1947</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">1917</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_State_Church_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Saxony">Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Saxony</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Schaumburg-Lippe" title="Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe">Schaumburg-Lippe</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical_State_Church_of_Schaumburg-Lippe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical State Church of Schaumburg-Lippe (page does not exist)">Evangelical State Church of Schaumburg-Lippe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scotland<a href="#cite_note-212">[202]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a></td> <td>"The Kirk" remains the national church, with state control disclaimed since 1638. Not an established faith per the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland_Act_1921" title="Church of Scotland Act 1921">Church of Scotland Act 1921</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></td> <td>1920 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">1978</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Thuringia" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church in Thuringia">church bodies in principalities which merged in Thuringia in 1920</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Tuvalu" title="Church of Tuvalu">Church of Tuvalu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed</a></td> <td>Current </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Uruguay_of_1918" title="Constitution of Uruguay of 1918">1918</a> (effective 1919) </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States<a href="#cite_note-217">[k]</a> </td> <td>none since 1776, which was made explicit in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> in 1792</td> <td>none</td> <td>n/a; some state legislatures required all its citizens to be members of a church, and some had official churches, such as <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a> in some <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> states like <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. This eventually ended in 1833 when Massachusetts was the last state to disestablish its church. See <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state in the United States</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waldeck_(principality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldeck (principality)">Waldeck</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Hesse-Kassel_and_Waldeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Hesse-Kassel and Waldeck">Evangelical State Church of Waldeck and Pyrmont</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">united Protestant</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[l]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a></td> <td>1920 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_State_Church_in_W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical State Church in Württemberg">Evangelical State Church in Württemberg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td> <td>1918 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_confessional_states">Former confessional states</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Former confessional states">edit</a>]</div> Note: This only includes states that abolished their state religion themselves, not states with a state religion that were conquered, fell apart or otherwise disappeared. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism_2">Buddhism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Buddhism">edit</a>]</div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Denomination </th> <th>Disestablished </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhism">Theravada Buddhism</a> </td> <td>1975<a href="#cite_note-219">[207]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782%E2%80%931932)" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)">Siam</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhism">Theravada Buddhism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand#1932_constitution" title="Constitution of Thailand">1932</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Shogunate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokugawa Shogunate">Tokugawa Shogunate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Japanese Buddhism</a> </td> <td>1868 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Hinduism">edit</a>]</div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Disestablished </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td>2008 (de facto)<a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Trouw-220">[208]</a> 2015 (de jure)<a href="#cite_note-Nepal_Trouw-220">[208]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam_2">Islam</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Islam">edit</a>]</div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Denomination </th> <th>Disestablished </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932026_Sudanese_transition_to_democracy#Religion/state_separation_and_recognition_of_diversity_(September_2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–2026 Sudanese transition to democracy">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-Atit-221">[209]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Tunisian_constitutional_referendum" title="2022 Tunisian constitutional referendum">2022</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-129">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Constitution_of_1924#Amendments" title="Turkish Constitution of 1924">1928</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[m]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shamanism">Shamanism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Shamanism">edit</a>]</div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Denomination </th> <th>Disestablished </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Korean_Shamanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Shamanism">Korean Shamanism</a> </td> <td>527 CE[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shinto">Shinto</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Shinto">edit</a>]</div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Denomination </th> <th>Disestablished </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">1947</a> (de facto)<a href="#cite_note-224">[211]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_references_to_God" title="Constitutional references to God">Constitutional references to God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_law" title="Blasphemy law">Blasphemy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_deism" title="Ceremonial deism">Ceremonial deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_tax" title="Church tax">Church tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_state" title="Confessional state">Confessional state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine rule">Divine rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_religion" title="Elite religion">Elite religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_theory" title="Institutional theory">Institutional theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_religious_groups" title="Major religious groups">Major religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonsectarian" title="Nonsectarian">Nonsectarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyletism" title="Phyletism">Phyletism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Religious education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_law" title="Religious law">Religious law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_toleration" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious toleration">Religious toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism#Religious" title="Supremacism">Religious supremacism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_religion" title="Secular religion">Secular religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">Secularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_religious_freedom_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of religious freedom by country">Status of religious freedom by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-3">[3]</a> and Morocco,<a href="#cite_note-morocco-4">[4]</a> which divide control), <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>,<a href="#cite_note-morocco-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> See also <a href="/wiki/File:State_Religions.svg#Notes" title="File:State Religions.svg">here</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> The headship was administrative and jurisdictional but did not include the potestas ordinis (the right to preach, ordain, administer the sacraments and rites of the Church which were reserved to the clergy).<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> The Constitution also states that "Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of the Greek-Orthodox Church, shall be cognizable by family courts each of which is composed: For a divorce trial, of three judges, one of which is a lawyer ecclesiastical officer appointed by the Greek Orthodox Church and presides over the Court and the other two of high professional and moral standard belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church are appointed by the Supreme Court among lawyers. If no ecclesiastical officer is appointed as above, the Supreme Court appoints the President of the Court as well."<a href="#cite_note-CyprusConstitution-72">[70]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.v-brazil.com/government/laws/titleIII.html">Brazilian Laws – the Federal Constitution – The Organization of State</a>. V-brazil.com. Retrieved 5 May 2012. Brazil had <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> as the state religion from the country's <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Brazil" title="Independence of Brazil">independence</a> in 1822, until the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Empire">Brazilian Empire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Velha" class="mw-redirect" title="República Velha">new Republican government</a> passed in 1890, Decree 119-A <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto/1851-1899/d119-a.htm">"Decreto 119-A"</a>. <q>Prohibits federal and state authorities to intervene on religion, granting freedom of religion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decreto+119-A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planalto.gov.br%2Fccivil_03%2Fdecreto%2F1851-1899%2Fd119-a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> (still in force), instituting the separation of church and state in Brazilian law. <a href="/wiki/Positivist" class="mw-redirect" title="Positivist">Positivist</a> thinker <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dem%C3%A9trio_Nunes_Ribeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demétrio Nunes Ribeiro (page does not exist)">Demétrio Nunes Ribeiro</a> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem%C3%A9trio_Nunes_Ribeiro" class="extiw" title="pt:Demétrio Nunes Ribeiro">pt</a>] urged the new government to adopt this stance. The 1891 Constitution, the first under the Republican system of government, abolished privileges for any specific religion, reaffirming the separation. This has been the case as stated in Article XIX of the 1988 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Brazil" title="Constitution of Brazil">Constitution of Brazil</a> currently in force. The Preamble, however, does refer to "God's protection" over the document's <a href="/wiki/Promulgation" title="Promulgation">promulgation</a>, but this is not considered a legal endorsement of belief in any deity. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> In France, the <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1801" title="Concordat of 1801">Concordat of 1801</a> made the Roman Catholic, <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> churches, along with <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, into state-sponsored religions until the <a href="/wiki/1905_French_law_on_the_Separation_of_the_Churches_and_the_State" title="1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State">1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> In Hungary, the constitutional laws of 1848 declared five established churches of equal status: the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a> Church. In 1868, the law was ratified again after the <a href="/wiki/Ausgleich" class="mw-redirect" title="Ausgleich">Ausgleich</a> and in 1895 <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> was added as the sixth established faith. In 1948, every distinction between the different denominations was abolished.<a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> was established <a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Ireland" title="Reformation in Ireland">in the Reformation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LivingstoneSparks2013-195">[189]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Union_1800" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Union 1800">Act of Union 1800</a> created the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_England_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Church of England and Ireland">United Church of England and Ireland</a> established outside Scotland. The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Church_Act_1869" title="Irish Church Act 1869">Irish Church Act 1869</a> demerged and disestablished the Church of Ireland,<a href="#cite_note-LivingstoneSparks2013-195">[189]</a> and the island was <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Ireland" title="Partition of Ireland">partitioned in 1922</a>. The Republic of Ireland's <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">1937 constitution</a> prohibits any established religion.<a href="#cite_note-196">[190]</a> Originally, it recognized the "special position" of the Roman Catholic Church "as the guardian of the Faith professed by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Ireland">the great majority of the citizens</a>", and recognized "the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Ireland" title="Presbyterian Church in Ireland">Presbyterian Church in Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Ireland" title="Methodist Church in Ireland">Methodist Church in Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Religious Society of Friends</a> in Ireland, as well as <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Ireland">Jewish Congregations</a> and the other religious denominations existing in Ireland at the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution".<a href="#cite_note-KeoghMcCarthy2007-197">[191]</a> These provisions were <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">deleted in 1973</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[192]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> The Philippines was among several possessions <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">ceded</a> by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in 1898; religious freedom was subsequently guaranteed in the archipelago by the American colonial government. This was codified in the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Organic_Act_(1902)" title="Philippine Organic Act (1902)">Philippine Organic Act (1902)</a>, section 5: "... That no law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, and that the free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed." A similarly-worded provision still exists in the <a href="/wiki/1987_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Constitution">present Constitution</a>, promulgated in 1987. While neither a state nor national church, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Catholic Church in the Philippines</a> remains the predominant faith of the people, still wielding considerable political and cultural influence. </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> Article 25 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/kon1.htm">the constitution</a> states: "1. Churches and other religious organizations shall have equal rights. 2. Public authorities in the Republic of Poland shall be impartial in matters of personal conviction". Article 114 of the Polish <a href="/wiki/March_Constitution_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="March Constitution of Poland">March Constitution of 1921</a> declared the Roman Catholic Church to hold "the principal position among religious denominations equal before the law" (in reference to the idea of <a href="/wiki/Primus_inter_pares" title="Primus inter pares">first among equals</a>). This was continuously enforced by Article 81 of the <a href="/wiki/April_Constitution_of_Poland" title="April Constitution of Poland">April Constitution of 1935</a>. The [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet]]-backed <a href="/wiki/PKWN_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="PKWN Manifesto">PKWN Manifesto</a> of 1944 reapplied the March Constitution, which remained in force until it was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Small_Constitution_of_1947" title="Small Constitution of 1947">Small Constitution of 1947</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> Until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Portugal">monarchy</a> in 1910, Roman Catholicism was considered the state religion. From the 1940s until the promulgation of official secularism in the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Constitution_of_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Constitution of 1976">Portuguese Constitution of 1976</a>, it was a powerful institution under the <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a> regime that had ended in the 1975 <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a> explicitly forbids the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a> from enacting any law respecting a religious establishment, and thus bans either designating an official church nationwide, or interfering with <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> and local official churches—which were common when the First Amendment was enacted. It did not prevent <a href="/wiki/State_government" title="State government">state governments</a> from establishing official churches. <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> continued to do so until it replaced its colonial <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Charter</a> with the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Connecticut#The_1818_Constitution_(1818–1890)" title="History of Connecticut">Connecticut Constitution of 1818</a>; Massachusetts retained an establishment of religion in general until 1833.<a href="#cite_note-213">[203]</a> Until its substitution by Article of Amendment XI in 1834, Article III of the Massachusetts constitution's bill of rights provided, "... the legislature shall, from time to time, authorize and require, the several towns, parishes, precincts, and other bodies politic, or religious societies, to make suitable provision, at their own expense, for the institution of the public worship of God, and for the support and maintenance of public Protestant teachers of piety, religion and morality, in all cases where such provision shall not be made voluntarily."<a href="#cite_note-214">[204]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a>, ratified in 1868, makes no mention of religious establishment, but forbids the states to "abridge the privileges or immunities" of U.S. citizens, or to "deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law". In the 1947 case of <a href="/wiki/Everson_v._Board_of_Education" title="Everson v. Board of Education">Everson v. Board of Education</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> held that this later provision <a href="/wiki/Incorporation_(Bill_of_Rights)" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporation (Bill of Rights)">incorporates</a> the First Amendment's Establishment Clause as applying to the States, and thereby prohibits state and local religious establishments. The exact boundaries of this prohibition are still disputed, and are a frequent source of cases raised to the Supreme Court — especially as the Court must now balance, on a state level, First Amendment prohibitions on government establishment of official religions with the First Amendment prohibitions on government interference with the free exercise of religion. See <a href="/wiki/School_prayer" title="School prayer">school prayer</a> for such a controversy in contemporary American politics. All current State constitutions do mention a Creator, but include guarantees of religious liberty parallel to the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a>. The constitutions of eight states (<a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>) also contain clauses that forbid atheists from holding public office.<a href="#cite_note-215">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[206]</a> However, these clauses were held by the Supreme Court to be unenforceable in the 1961 case of <a href="/wiki/Torcaso_v._Watkins" title="Torcaso v. Watkins">Torcaso v. Watkins</a>, where the Court ruled unanimously that such clauses constituted a religious test incompatible with the religious test prohibition in <a href="/wiki/No_religious_test_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="No religious test clause">Article 6 Section 3</a> of the Constitution. The Anglican <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Hawaii" title="Church of Hawaii">Church of Hawaii</a> was the state church of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Kingdom of Hawaii</a> from 1862 until the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Hawaii">monarchy</a> was <a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom">overthrown</a> in 1893, with the islands formally annexed by the United States in 1898. </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a> was split from the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> in 1920 by <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_Act_1914" title="Welsh Church Act 1914">Welsh Church Act 1914</a>, and at the same time becoming disestablished. </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Constitution_of_1924" title="Turkish Constitution of 1924">Turkish Constitution of 1924</a> was amended for the first time on 10 April 1928, including removing inter alia Article 2 and the provision of "Religion of the Turkish state is Islam".<a href="#cite_note-222">[210]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4109874">The Inscrutable Guardian of Thunder and Silence: the Dragon (Druk) in Himalayan Symbology</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Inscrutable+Guardian+of+Thunder+and+Silence%3A+the+Dragon+%28Druk%29+in+Himalayan+Symbology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4109874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/">"Mauritania"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 22 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Mauritania&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fmauritania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelley2004" class="citation book cs1">Shelley, Toby (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tXFo3b-07NgC">Endgame in the Western Sahara: What Future for Africa's Last Colony</a>. Zed Books. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84277-341-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84277-341-3"><bdi>978-1-84277-341-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Endgame+in+the+Western+Sahara%3A+What+Future+for+Africa%27s+Last+Colony&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84277-341-3&rft.aulast=Shelley&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtXFo3b-07NgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-morocco-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-morocco_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-morocco_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/morocco/">"Morocco"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 23 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Morocco&rft.date=2021-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fmorocco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tunisia/">"Tunisia"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 24 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Tunisia&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Ftunisia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://niviensaleh.info/constitution-egypt-2012-translation/">"The 2012 Constitution of Egypt"</a>. Nivien Saleh. Translated by Nivien Saleh. 9 February 2013. Article 2. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nivien+Saleh&rft.atitle=The+2012+Constitution+of+Egypt&rft.pages=Article+2&rft.date=2013-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fniviensaleh.info%2Fconstitution-egypt-2012-translation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Kingdom_2013.pdf?lang=en">United Kingdom's Constitution of 1215 with Amandments through 2013</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jordan/">"Jordan"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 24 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Jordan&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fjordan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iraq/">"Iraq"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 22 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Iraq&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Firaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/">"Pakistan"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Pakistan&rft.date=2021-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fpakistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bermuda/">"Bangladesh"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 16 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Bangladesh&rft.date=2021-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fbermuda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-arab-emirates/">"United Arab Emirates"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 23 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=United+Arab+Emirates&rft.date=2021-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Funited-arab-emirates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/">"Oman"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Oman&rft.date=2021-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Foman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/yemen/">"Yemen"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 24 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Yemen&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fyemen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/maldives/">"Maldives"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 23 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Maldives&rft.date=2021-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fmaldives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html">"Iranian Constitution"</a>. www.servat.unibe.ch. Article 12. Retrieved 2 January 2023. <q>The official religion of Iran is Islam and the Twelver Ja'fari school, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.servat.unibe.ch&rft.atitle=Iranian+Constitution&rft.pages=Article+12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servat.unibe.ch%2Ficl%2Fir00000_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/algeria/">"Algeria"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 18 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Algeria&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Falgeria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saudiembassy.net/basic-law-governance#Chapter%20One:%20General%20Principles">Basic Law of Governance</a> (Chapter one, Article one), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saudiembassy.net/">saudiembassy.net</a>, "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Arab Islamic State. Its religion is Islam. Its constitution is Almighty God's Book, The Holy Qur'an, and the Sunna (Traditions) of the Prophet (PBUH). Arabic is the language of the Kingdom. The City of Riyadh is the capital." </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sri-lanka/">"Sri Lanka"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 3 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka&rft.date=2022-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsri-lanka%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html">The Constitution of Afghanistan</a> (Chapter one, Article two), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afghan-web.com">afghan-web.com</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/">"Somalia"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 19 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Somalia&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsomalia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agc.gov.my/images/Personalisation/Buss/pdf/Federal%20Consti%20(BI%20text).pdf">Federal Constitution</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agc.gov.my">agc.gov.my</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Business_Publications,_USA2007" class="citation book cs1">International Business Publications, USA (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0EqtDwAAQBAJ">Brunei Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'Izzaddin Waddaulah Handbook</a>. Int'l Business Publications. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0EqtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA133">133</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4330-0444-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4330-0444-5"><bdi>978-1-4330-0444-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brunei+Sultan+Haji+Hassanal+Bolkiah+Mu%27Izzaddin+Waddaulah+Handbook&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Int%27l+Business+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4330-0444-5&rft.au=International+Business+Publications%2C+USA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0EqtDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greece/">"Greece"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Greece&rft.date=2021-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fgreece%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/">"Denmark"</a>. CIA World Factbook. 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Denmark&rft.date=2021-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fdenmark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.costaricalaw.com/legalnet/constitutional_law/engtit6.html">Title VI, Article 75</a> of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.costaricalaw.com/legalnet/constitutional_law/constitenglish.html">The Constitution of Costa Rica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.costaricalaw.com">costaricalaw.com</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Zambia_2009.pdf?lang=en">"Zambia's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2009"</a> (PDF). CIA World Factbook.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Zambia%27s+Constitution+of+1991+with+Amendments+through+2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FZambia_2009.pdf%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> The Journal of Ecclesiastical History. p. 268 by Cambridge University Press, Gale Group, C.W. Dugmore </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiffrin2012" class="citation book cs1">Shiffrin, Steven H. (26 August 2012). The Religious Left and Church-State Relations. Princeton University Press. pp. 160–161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3383-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3383-2"><bdi>978-1-4008-3383-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religious+Left+and+Church-State+Relations&rft.pages=160-161&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2012-08-26&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-3383-2&rft.aulast=Shiffrin&rft.aufirst=Steven+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Bray, Gerald. Documents of the English Reformation James Clarke & Cº (1994), p. 114 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Neill, Stephen. Anglicanism Penguin (1960), p. 61 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> The concerned religious communities are the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Metz" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Metz">dioceses of Metz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Strasbourg">of Strasbourg</a>, the Lutheran <a href="/wiki/EPCAAL" class="mw-redirect" title="EPCAAL">EPCAAL</a> and the Reformed <a href="/wiki/EPRAL" class="mw-redirect" title="EPRAL">EPRAL</a> and the three <a href="/wiki/Consistory_(Judaism)" title="Consistory (Judaism)">Israelite consistories</a> in Colmar, Metz and Strasbourg. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100715193437/http://www.constitution.bt/html/sources/background.htm">"Background"</a>. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.bt/html/sources/background.htm">the original</a> on 15 July 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Kingdom+of+Bhutan&rft.atitle=Background&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.bt%2Fhtml%2Fsources%2Fbackground.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071127125443/http://www.constitution.bt/draft_constitution_3rd_en.pdf">"Draft of Tsa Thrim Chhenmo"</a> (PDF). constitution.bt. 1 August 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.bt/draft_constitution_3rd_en.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 18 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Draft+of+Tsa+Thrim+Chhenmo&rft.pub=constitution.bt&rft.date=2007-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.bt%2Fdraft_constitution_3rd_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> <dl><dd>Article 3, Spiritual Heritage <ol><li>Buddhism is the spiritual heritage of Bhutan, which promotes the principles and values of peace, non-violence, compassion and tolerance.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Druk_Gyalpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Druk Gyalpo">Druk Gyalpo</a> is the protector of all religions in Bhutan.</li> <li>It shall be the responsibility of religious institutions and personalities to promote the spiritual heritage of the country while also ensuring that religion remains separate from politics in Bhutan. Religious institutions and personalities shall remain above politics.</li> <li>The Druk Gyalpo shall, on the recommendation of the Five Lopons, appoint a learned and respected monk ordained in accordance with the Druk-lu, blessed with the nine qualities of a spiritual master and accomplished in ked-dzog, as the <a href="/wiki/Je_Khenpo" title="Je Khenpo">Je Khenpo</a>.</li> <li>His Holiness the Je Khenpo shall, on the recommendation of the <a href="/wiki/Dratshang_Lhentshog" title="Dratshang Lhentshog">Dratshang Lhentshog</a>, appoint monks blessed with the nine qualities of a spiritual master and accomplished in ked-dzog as the Five Lopons.</li> <li>The members of the Dratshang Lhentshog shall comprise:  (a) The Je Khenpo as Chairman;  (b) The Five Lopons of the Zhung Dratshang; and  (c) The Secretary of the Dratshang Lhentshog who is a civil servant.</li> <li>The Zhung Dratshang and Rabdeys shall continue to receive adequate funds and other facilities from the State.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008.pdf?lang=en">"Bhutan's Constitution of 2008"</a> (PDF). constituteproject.org/. Retrieved 29 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=constituteproject.org%2F&rft.atitle=Bhutan%27s+Constitution+of+2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconstituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FBhutan_2008.pdf%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"></li></ol></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambodia.org/facts/?government=The+Constitution+of+Cambodia">"Constitution of Cambodia"</a>. cambodia.org. Retrieved 13 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Cambodia&rft.pub=cambodia.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambodia.org%2Ffacts%2F%3Fgovernment%3DThe%2BConstitution%2Bof%2BCambodia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> (Article 43). </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/">"East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Cambodia – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"</a>. cia.gov. 24 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cia.gov&rft.atitle=East+Asia%2FSoutheast+Asia+%3A%3A+Cambodia+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fcambodia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203163744/https://www.constitutionaltribunal.gov.mm/lawdatabase/my/download/file/fid/137">"Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008)"</a>. 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Constitutional Tribunal of the Union, Law Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constitutionaltribunal.gov.mm/lawdatabase/my/law/764">the original</a> on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitutional+Tribunal+of+the+Union%2C+Law+Library&rft.atitle=%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%86%E1%81%81+%E1%80%81%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8A+%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A5%E1%80%95%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionaltribunal.gov.mm%2Flawdatabase%2Fmy%2Flaw%2F764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-report-on-international-religious-freedom/sri-lanka/">"Sri Lanka"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Lanka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Freports%2F2018-report-on-international-religious-freedom%2Fsri-lanka%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2017-05/CONSTITUTION%2BOF%2BTHE%2BKINGDOM%2BOF%2BTHAILAND%2B%28B.E.%2B2560%2B%282017%29%29.pdf">"Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand"</a> (PDF). 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The State should also encourage Buddhists to participate in implementing such measures or mechanisms.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ConstitutionNet&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+the+Kingdom+of+Thailand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionnet.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2017-05%2FCONSTITUTION%252BOF%252BTHE%252BKINGDOM%252BOF%252BTHAILAND%252B%2528B.E.%252B2560%252B%25282017%2529%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Laos_2003.pdf?lang=en">"Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003"</a> (PDF). constituteproject.org. Retrieved 29 October 2017. <q>Article 9: The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=constituteproject.org&rft.atitle=Lao+People%27s+Democratic+Republic%27s+Constitution+of+1991+with+Amendments+through+2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconstituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FLaos_2003.pdf%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair2008" class="citation journal cs1">Sinclair, Tara (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23615096">"Tibetan Reform and the Kalmyk Revival of Buddhism"</a>. Inner Asia. 10 (2): 241–259. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F000000008793066713">10.1163/000000008793066713</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1464-8172">1464-8172</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23615096">23615096</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inner+Asia&rft.atitle=Tibetan+Reform+and+the+Kalmyk+Revival+of+Buddhism&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=241-259&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=1464-8172&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23615096%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F000000008793066713&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23615096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273961382">"Buddhism in Russia: challenges and choices in the post-Soviet period"</a>. 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The Constitution recognizes the full legal capacity of the bodies of the Roman Catholic Church which have legal status in accordance with their own rules.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State%E2%80%93Religion+Relationships+and+Human+Rights+Law%3A+Towards+a+Right+to+Religiously+Neutral+Governance&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-9004181496&rft.aulast=Temperman&rft.aufirst=Jeroen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Argentina_1994.pdf?lang=en">"Argentina's Constitution of 1853, Reinstated in 1983, with Amendments through 1994"</a> (PDF). constituteproject.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=constituteproject.org&rft.atitle=Argentina%27s+Constitution+of+1853%2C+Reinstated+in+1983%2C+with+Amendments+through+1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FArgentina_1994.pdf%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141008102111/http://www.argentina.gob.ar/pais/56-religion.php">"Argentina – Religión"</a>. argentina.gob.ar. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.argentina.gob.ar/pais/56-religion.php">the original</a> on 8 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=argentina.gob.ar&rft.atitle=Argentina+%E2%80%93+Religi%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.argentina.gob.ar%2Fpais%2F56-religion.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-constitution-57"><a href="#cite_ref-constitution_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf">"Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste"</a> (PDF). Governo de Timor-Leste.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+Timor-Leste&rft.pub=Governo+de+Timor-Leste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimor-leste.gov.tl%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F03%2FConstitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=es&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.org%2Fcons%2Felsalvad.htm&edit-text=&act=url">"Google Translate"</a>. Retrieved 18 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+Translate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.com%2Ftranslate%3Fsl%3Des%26tl%3Den%26js%3Dy%26prev%3D_t%26hl%3Den%26ie%3DUTF-8%26u%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.constitution.org%252Fcons%252Felsalvad.htm%26edit-text%3D%26act%3Durl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103200933/http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/ElSalvador1983English.pdf">"Constitution of the Republic of El Salvador (as Amended to 2003)"</a> (PDF). 3 January 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/ElSalvador1983English.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+El+Salvador+%28as+Amended+to+2003%29&rft.date=2015-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconfinder.richmond.edu%2Fadmin%2Fdocs%2FElSalvador1983English.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993.pdf">"Guatemala's Constitution of 1985 with Amendments through 1993"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Project" title="Constitution Project">Constitution Project</a>. <q>The juridical personality of the Catholic Church is recognized. The other churches, cults, entities, and associations of religious character will obtain the recognition of their juridical personality in accordance with the rules of their institution[,] and the Government may not deny it[,] aside from reasons of public order. The State will extend to the Catholic Church, without any cost, [the] titles of ownership of the real assets which it holds peacefully for its own purposes, as long as they have formed part of the patrimony of the Catholic Church in the past. The property assigned to third parties or those</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guatemala%27s+Constitution+of+1985+with+Amendments+through+1993&rft.pub=Constitution+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FGuatemala_1993.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf">"Constitution of the Italian Republic"</a> (PDF). Senato.it. Retrieved 6 June 2021. <q>The State and the Catholic Church are independent and sovereign, each within its own sphere. Their relations are regulated by the Lateran pacts. Amendments to such Pacts which are accepted by both parties shall not require the procedure of constitutional amendments.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Italian+Republic&rft.pub=Senato.it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senato.it%2Fdocumenti%2Frepository%2Fistituzione%2Fcostituzione_inglese.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf">"Constitution of the Italian Republic"</a> (PDF). Senato.it. Retrieved 6 June 2021. <q>All religious denominations are equally free before the law. Denominations other than Catholicism have the right to self-organisation according to their own statutes, provided these do not conflict with Italian law. Their relations with the State are regulated by law, based on agreements with their respective representatives.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Italian+Republic&rft.pub=Senato.it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senato.it%2Fdocumenti%2Frepository%2Fistituzione%2Fcostituzione_inglese.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/222609.pdf">Executive Summary – Panama</a>, 2013 <a href="/wiki/Report_on_International_Religious_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Report on International Religious Freedom">Report on International Religious Freedom</a>, United States Department of State. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/pa00000_.html">"Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay"</a>. <q>The role played by the Catholic Church in the historical and cultural formation of the Republic is hereby recognized.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+Paraguay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servat.unibe.ch%2Ficl%2Fpa00000_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724084722/http://www4.congreso.gob.pe/_ingles/CONSTITUTION_29_08_08.pdf">"Constitution of the Republic of Peru"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_ingles/CONSTITUTION_29_08_08.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2009. <q>Within an independent and autonomous system, the State recognizes the Catholic Church as an important element in the historical, cultural, and moral formation of Peru and lends it its cooperation. The State respects other denominations and may establish forms of collaboration with them.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+Peru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.congreso.gob.pe%2F_ingles%2FCONSTITUTION_29_08_08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/kon1.htm">"The Constitution of the Republic of Poland"</a>. 2 April 1997. <q>The relations between the Republic of Poland and the Roman Catholic Church shall be determined by international treaty concluded with the Holy See, and by statute. The relations between the Republic of Poland and other churches and religious organizations shall be determined by statutes adopted pursuant to agreements concluded between their appropriate representatives and the Council of Ministers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+Poland&rft.date=1997-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsejm.gov.pl%2Fprawo%2Fkonst%2Fangielski%2Fkon1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-es_CONSTITUTION-67"><a href="#cite_ref-es_CONSTITUTION_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation techreport cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/legislacion/documentos/ConstitucionINGLES.pdf">Constitución española</a> (PDF). BOE. Vol. 311. 29 December 1978. art, 14, 16 & 27.3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1978-31229">BOE-A-1978-31229</a>. Retrieved 26 April 2024. <q>No religion shall have a state character. The public authorities shall take into account the religious beliefs of Spanish society and shall consequently maintain appropriate cooperation relations with the Catholic Church and other confessions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Constituci%C3%B3n+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.series=BOE&rft.pages=art%2C+14%2C+16+%26+27.3&rft.date=1978-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Flegislacion%2Fdocumentos%2FConstitucionINGLES.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bankinter.com/blog/finanzas-personales/renta-casillas-iglesia-fines-sociales">"Renta 2023: ¿En qué consiste la casilla de la iglesia y la de fines sociales?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Renta+2023%3A+%C2%BFEn+qu%C3%A9+consiste+la+casilla+de+la+iglesia+y+la+de+fines+sociales%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankinter.com%2Fblog%2Ffinanzas-personales%2Frenta-casillas-iglesia-fines-sociales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreeceConstitution-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GreeceConstitution_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreeceConstitution_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreeceConstitution_69-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hri.org/docs/syntagma/artcl25.html#A3">"Constitution of Greece"</a>. www.hri.org. Section II Relations of Church and State: Article 3. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hri.org&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+Greece&rft.pages=Section+II+Relations+of+Church+and+State%3A+Article+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hri.org%2Fdocs%2Fsyntagma%2Fartcl25.html%23A3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreeceConstitution2-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GreeceConstitution2_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreeceConstitution2_70-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hri.org/docs/syntagma/artcl25.html#A13">"Constitution of Greece"</a>. www.hri.org. Part Two Individual and Social Rights: Article 13. 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Palgrave Macmillan US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-33925-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-33925-5"><bdi>978-0-230-33925-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+National+Identity%2C+and+Confessional+Politics+in+Lebanon%3A+The+Challenge+of+Islamism&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+US&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-230-33925-5&rft.au=R.+Rabil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3fHMCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeroen_Temperman2010" class="citation book cs1">Jeroen Temperman (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Khag6tbsIn4C&pg=PA226">State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law: Towards a Right to Religiously Neutral Governance</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004181489" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004181489"><bdi>978-9004181489</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State-Religion+Relationships+and+Human+Rights+Law%3A+Towards+a+Right+to+Religiously+Neutral+Governance&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-9004181489&rft.au=Jeroen+Temperman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKhag6tbsIn4C%26pg%3DPA226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourdeaux2003" class="citation book cs1">Bourdeaux, Michael (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EPP3ti4hysUC&pg=PA46">"Trends in Religious Policy"</a>. Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia. Taylor and Francis. pp. 46–52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1857431377" title="Special:BookSources/978-1857431377"><bdi>978-1857431377</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Religious+Policy&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%2C+Russia+and+Central+Asia&rft.pages=46-52&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1857431377&rft.aulast=Bourdeaux&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEPP3ti4hysUC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianpost.com/news/russia-s-de-facto-state-religion.html">"Russia's De-Facto State Religion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Post" title="The Christian Post">The Christian Post</a>. 24 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Post&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+De-Facto+State+Religion&rft.date=2008-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianpost.com%2Fnews%2Frussia-s-de-facto-state-religion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishjournal.com/uncategorized/18128/">"Russian Orthodoxy now de facto state religion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Journal_of_Greater_Los_Angeles" title="The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles">The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles</a>. 24 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+Orthodoxy+now+de+facto+state+religion&rft.pub=The+Jewish+Journal+of+Greater+Los+Angeles&rft.date=2008-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishjournal.com%2Funcategorized%2F18128%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/russian-orthodox-church-from-farce-to-tragedy/">"The Russian Orthodox Church: from farce to tragedy?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OpenDemocracy" title="OpenDemocracy">openDemocracy</a>. 3 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Orthodox+Church%3A+from+farce+to+tragedy%3F&rft.pub=openDemocracy&rft.date=2012-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fen%2Fodr%2Frussian-orthodox-church-from-farce-to-tragedy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2011" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Brian P. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gHmsAgAAQBAJ&q=russian+orthodox+church+de+facto+state+religion&pg=PA24">Religion and Language in Post-Soviet Russia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1136736131" title="Special:BookSources/978-1136736131"><bdi>978-1136736131</bdi></a>. <q>the Russian Orthodox Church has become de facto state Church</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Language+in+Post-Soviet+Russia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1136736131&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Brian+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgHmsAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Drussian%2Borthodox%2Bchurch%2Bde%2Bfacto%2Bstate%2Breligion%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGentleman2001" class="citation web cs1">Gentleman, Amelia (7 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jan/07/russia.ameliagentleman">"Backlash of faith shakes atheists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608183532/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jan/07/russia.ameliagentleman">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2023. <q>'It is only natural there has been a surge in interest in religion over the past decade, given the repression that went before,' Levinson said. 'But we are particularly concerned about the growing influence of the Russian Orthodox Church – which has become the de facto state religion – to the exclusion of all other convictions.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Backlash+of+faith+shakes+atheists&rft.date=2001-01-07&rft.aulast=Gentleman&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2001%2Fjan%2F07%2Frussia.ameliagentleman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/24/world/europe/24church.html">"At Expense of All Others, Putin Picks a Church"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 24 April 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608131607/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/24/world/europe/24church.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2023. <q>Just as the government has tightened control over political life, so, too, has it intruded in matters of faith. 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Frank, Muslim culture in Russia and Central Asia from the 18th to the early 20th centuries, vol. 2: Inter-Regional and Inter-Ethnic Relations, Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, pp. 355–384, </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2014" class="citation web cs1">Fisher, Max (15 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2014/4/15/5617068/a-surprising-map-of-the-worlds-most-and-least-religiously-diverse">"This map of the world's most religiously diverse countries may surprise you"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 March 2024. <q>The Tokugawa Shogunate had sanctioned Buddhism as a state religion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Law+and+Religion%2C+An+Overview&rft.pages=458&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-3600-3&rft.aulast=Yamagishi&rft.aufirst=Keiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFzcrDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calabresi2021-186"><a href="#cite_ref-Calabresi2021_186-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalabresi2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Calabresi" title="Steven Calabresi">Calabresi, Steven Gow</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gBYoEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA458">The History and Growth of Judicial Review</a>. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190075750" title="Special:BookSources/9780190075750"><bdi>9780190075750</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531204855/https://books.google.com/books?id=gBYoEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA458">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2024. <q>Confucianism, with its emphasis on harmony, was the prevailing "state religion", although it coexisted with Shintoism, a religion that worshipped nature gods and that was personified by the emperor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Growth+of+Judicial+Review&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780190075750&rft.aulast=Calabresi&rft.aufirst=Steven+Gow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgBYoEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucci" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tucci" title="Giuseppe Tucci">Tucci, Giuseppe</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism/Korea-and-Japan">"Buddhism § Korea and Japan"</a>. britannica.com. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013194541/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism/Korea-and-Japan">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britannica.com&rft.atitle=Buddhism+%C2%A7+Korea+and+Japan&rft.aulast=Tucci&rft.aufirst=Giuseppe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBuddhism%2FKorea-and-Japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTu" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tu_Weiming" title="Tu Weiming">Tu, Weiming</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Confucianism/The-Confucian-revival">"Confucianism § The Confucian revival"</a>. britannica.com. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a> Retrieved 16 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britannica.com&rft.atitle=Confucianism+%C2%A7+The+Confucian+revival&rft.aulast=Tu&rft.aufirst=Weiming&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FConfucianism%2FThe-Confucian-revival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> John Gunter, Inside Latin America (1941), p. 166 </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080220121400/http://www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/cd/86/39b1e5cc4b9b9b6a97c2830f3608.htm">Constitution of the Republic of Hungary</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 20 February 2008) (archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/cd/86/39b1e5cc4b9b9b6a97c2830f3608.htm">the original</a> on 2008-02-20) </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070523210720/http://www.magyarorszag.hu/english/keyevents/a_alpolg/a_allampolgarsagemberijogok/a_alapjog20050805/a_gondlelkiismjog20060627.html">The right of thought, the freedom of conscience and religion</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 23 May 2007) (archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magyarorszag.hu/english/keyevents/a_alpolg/a_allampolgarsagemberijogok/a_alapjog20050805/a_gondlelkiismjog20060627.html">the original</a> on 2007-05-23) </li> <li id="cite_note-LivingstoneSparks2013-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LivingstoneSparks2013_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LivingstoneSparks2013_195-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstoneSparksPeacocke2013" class="citation book cs1">Livingstone, E.A.; Sparks, M. W. D.; Peacocke, R.W. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DZecAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA286">"Ireland"</a>. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199659623" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199659623"><bdi>978-0199659623</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0199659623&rft.aulast=Livingstone&rft.aufirst=E.A.&rft.au=Sparks%2C+M.+W.+D.&rft.au=Peacocke%2C+R.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDZecAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/en/constitution/index.html#article44">"Constitution of Ireland"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a>. pp. Article 44. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Statute+Book&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+Ireland&rft.pages=Article+44&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Fen%2Fconstitution%2Findex.html%23article44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KeoghMcCarthy2007-197"><a href="#cite_ref-KeoghMcCarthy2007_197-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeoghMcCarthy2007" class="citation book cs1">Keogh, Dermot; McCarthy, Dr. Andrew (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bCCQAAAAMAAJ">The Making of the Irish Constitution 1937: Bunreacht Na HÉireann</a>. Mercier Press. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1856355612" title="Special:BookSources/978-1856355612"><bdi>978-1856355612</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Irish+Constitution+1937%3A+Bunreacht+Na+H%C3%89ireann&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Mercier+Press&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1856355612&rft.aulast=Keogh&rft.aufirst=Dermot&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+Dr.+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbCCQAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1972/en/act/cam/0005/index.html">"Fifth Amendment of the Constitution Act, 1972"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a>. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Statute+Book&rft.atitle=Fifth+Amendment+of+the+Constitution+Act%2C+1972.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2F1972%2Fen%2Fact%2Fcam%2F0005%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrea_MammoneGiuseppe_A._Veltri2010" class="citation book cs1">Andrea Mammone; Giuseppe A. Veltri (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7YWKJ00Dw7QC">Italy today: the sick man of Europe</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7YWKJ00Dw7QC&pg=PA168">168</a> (Note 1). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415561594" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415561594"><bdi>978-0415561594</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italy+today%3A+the+sick+man+of+Europe&rft.pages=168+%28Note+1%29&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0415561594&rft.au=Andrea+Mammone&rft.au=Giuseppe+A.+Veltri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7YWKJ00Dw7QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/171706.pdf">"Luxembourg"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luxembourg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F171706.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enriquebolanos.org/articulo/constitucion_nicaragua_1939">"Constitución Política de Nicaragua 1939"</a>. www.enriquebolanos.org. Retrieved 14 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.enriquebolanos.org&rft.atitle=Constituci%C3%B3n+Pol%C3%ADtica+de+Nicaragua+1939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enriquebolanos.org%2Farticulo%2Fconstitucion_nicaragua_1939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-regjeringen.no-203">^ <a href="#cite_ref-regjeringen.no_203-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-regjeringen.no_203-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/offisielt-fra-statsradet/id2501869/">Offisielt frå statsrådet 27. mai 2016</a> regjeringen.no «Sanksjon av Stortingets vedtak 18. mai 2016 til lov om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.) Lovvedtak 56 (2015–2016) Lov nr. 17 Delt ikraftsetting av lov 27. mai 2016 om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.). Loven trer i kraft fra 1. januar 2017 med unntak av romertall I § 3 nr. 8 første og fjerde ledd, § 3 nr. 10 annet punktum og § 5 femte ledd, som trer i kraft 1. juli 2016.» </li> <li id="cite_note-snl.no-204"><a href="#cite_ref-snl.no_204-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmussenBangstadJacobsenGroth2018" class="citation web cs1">Rasmussen, Tarald; Bangstad, Sindre; Jacobsen, Knut A.; Groth, Bente (23 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/religion_i_Norge">"religion i Norge"</a> – via Store norske leksikon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=religion+i+Norge&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Tarald&rft.au=Bangstad%2C+Sindre&rft.au=Jacobsen%2C+Knut+A.&rft.au=Groth%2C+Bente&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2Freligion_i_Norge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kirken.no/nb-NO/om-kirken/aktuelt/2017---et-kirkehistorisk-merkear/">"2017 – et kirkehistorisk merkeår"</a>. Den norske kirke, Kirkerådet. 30 December 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+norske+kirke%2C+Kirker%C3%A5det&rft.atitle=2017+%E2%80%93+et+kirkehistorisk+merke%C3%A5r&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkirken.no%2Fnb-NO%2Fom-kirken%2Faktuelt%2F2017---et-kirkehistorisk-merkear%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-206"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_206-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lovdata.no/NLE/lov/1814-05-17/a16">The Constitution of Norway, Article 16</a> (English translation, published by the Norwegian Parliament) </li> <li id="cite_note-stortinget.no-207"><a href="#cite_ref-stortinget.no_207-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Vedtak/Beslutninger/Lovvedtak/2015-2016/vedtak-201516-056/">Lovvedtak 56 (2015–2016) Vedtak til lov om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.)</a> Stortinget.no </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> Under the 1967 Constitution, Roman Catholicism was the state religion as stated in Article 6: "The Roman Catholic Apostolic religion is the state religion, without prejudice to religious freedom, which is guaranteed in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution. Official relations of the republic with the Holy See shall be governed by concordats or other bilateral agreements." The 1992 Constitution, which replaced the 1967 one, establishes Paraguay as a secular state, as mentioned in section (1) of Article 24: "Freedom of religion, worship, and ideology is recognized without any restrictions other than those established in this Constitution and the law. The State has no official religion." </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> The modern Church of Scotland has always disclaimed recognition as an "established" church while remaining the national church. The Church of Scotland Act 1921 formally recognised the Kirk's independence from the state. </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_H._Hutson2000" class="citation book cs1">James H. Hutson (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YwW_g8qr68MC">Religion and the new republic: faith in the founding of America</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YwW_g8qr68MC&pg=PA22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0847694341" title="Special:BookSources/978-0847694341"><bdi>978-0847694341</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+the+new+republic%3A+faith+in+the+founding+of+America&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0847694341&rft.au=James+H.+Hutson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYwW_g8qr68MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://malegislature.gov/Laws/Constitution">"Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts"</a>. malegislature.gov. Retrieved 29 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=malegislature.gov&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmalegislature.gov%2FLaws%2FConstitution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061017080217/http://www.godlessgeeks.com/LINKS/StateConstitutions.htm">"State Constitutions that Discriminate Against Atheists"</a>. godlessgeeks.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.godlessgeeks.com/LINKS/StateConstitutions.htm">the original</a> on 17 October 2006. Retrieved 27 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Constitutions+that+Discriminate+Against+Atheists&rft.pub=godlessgeeks.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.godlessgeeks.com%2FLINKS%2FStateConstitutions.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/texas.htm">"Religious laws and religious bigotry – Religious discrimination in U.S. state constitutions"</a>. religioustolerance.com. Retrieved 27 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+laws+and+religious+bigotry+%E2%80%93+Religious+discrimination+in+U.S.+state+constitutions&rft.pub=religioustolerance.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religioustolerance.org%2Ftexas.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221005011550/https://media.bloomsburyprofessional.com/rep/files/laos-constitution-1947-1949-englishx.pdf">"Laos Constitution 1947/1949"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.bloomsburyprofessional.com/rep/files/laos-constitution-1947-1949-englishx.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laos+Constitution+1947%2F1949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.bloomsburyprofessional.com%2Frep%2Ffiles%2Flaos-constitution-1947-1949-englishx.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nepal_Trouw-220">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Trouw_220-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_Trouw_220-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFANP2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ANP (15 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/nepal-scheidt-hindoe-en-staat~b5a1e16f/">"Nepal scheidt hindoe en staat"</a> [Nepal separates Hindu and state]. <a href="/wiki/Trouw" title="Trouw">Trouw</a> (in Dutch). Retrieved 24 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trouw&rft.atitle=Nepal+scheidt+hindoe+en+staat&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft.au=ANP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trouw.nl%2Fnieuws%2Fnepal-scheidt-hindoe-en-staat~b5a1e16f%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atit-221"><a href="#cite_ref-Atit_221-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Atit2020" class="citation news cs1">Michael Atit (4 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/africa/south-sudan-focus/sudans-government-agrees-separate-religion-and-state">"Sudan's Government Agrees to Separate Religion and State"</a>. Voice of America. Retrieved 8 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=Sudan%27s+Government+Agrees+to+Separate+Religion+and+State&rft.date=2020-09-04&rft.au=Michael+Atit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fafrica%2Fsouth-sudan-focus%2Fsudans-government-agrees-separate-religion-and-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> beykent.edu.tr, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kampus.beykent.edu.tr/Paylasim/Dosyalar/Anayasalar_129807210772392500.pdf">TC Anayasaları, 1921, 1924, 1961 ve 1982 Anayasalarını karşılaştırılması</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224041757/http://kampus.beykent.edu.tr/Paylasim/Dosyalar/Anayasalar_129807210772392500.pdf">Archived</a> 24 February 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Turkish) </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"sjintô". <a href="/wiki/Encarta" title="Encarta">Encarta</a> Encyclopedie <a href="/wiki/Winkler_Prins" title="Winkler Prins">Winkler Prins</a> (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=sjint%C3%B4&rft.btitle=Encarta+Encyclopedie+Winkler+Prins&rft.pub=Microsoft+Corporation%2FHet+Spectrum&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Rowlands, John Henry Lewis (1989). Church, State, and Society, 1827–1845: the Attitudes of John Keble, Richard Hurrell Froude, and John Henry Newman. Worthing, Eng.: P. Smith [of] Churchman Publishing; Folkestone, Eng.: distr. ... by Bailey Book Distribution. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1850931321" title="Special:BookSources/1850931321">1850931321</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_religion&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.caucasianjournal.org/2024/09/professor-andreas-takis-state-religion.html">Professor Andreas TAKIS: "A State Religion Is Problematic for Both Church and State"</a> — Caucasian Journal, 09.09.2024.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcConnell2003" class="citation journal cs1">McConnell, Michael W. (April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604032724/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002019127&er=deny">"Establishment and Disestablishment at the Founding, Part I: Establishment of Religion"</a>. William and Mary Law Review. 44 (5): 2105. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002019127&er=deny">the original</a> on 4 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=William+and+Mary+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Establishment+and+Disestablishment+at+the+Founding%2C+Part+I%3A+Establishment+of+Religion&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=2105&rft.date=2003-04&rft.aulast=McConnell&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FPM.qst%3Fa%3Do%26d%3D5002019127%26er%3Ddeny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+religion" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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.excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religious_persecution_and_discrimination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_persecution" title="Template:Religious persecution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religious_persecution" title="Template talk:Religious persecution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_censorship" title="Religious censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_violence" title="Communal violence">Communal violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deprogramming" title="Deprogramming">Deprogramming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desecration" title="Desecration">Desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">Ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">Extrajudicial killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_punishment" title="Extrajudicial punishment">Extrajudicial punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_exclusivism" title="Religious exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">Forced displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">Political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_cleansing" title="Population cleansing">Population cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">Population transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cleansing" title="Social cleansing">Social cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire</a> (64–313)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_pagans_in_the_late_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire">Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire</a> (c. 324–c. 491)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent</a> (c.550–c. 1200)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Turban_Rebellion" title="Yellow Turban Rebellion">Yellow Turban Rebellion</a> (c.184–c. 205)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tours" title="Battle of Tours">Battle of Tours</a> (732)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Rhineland massacres</a> (1096)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">Jerusalem massacre</a> (1099)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquests_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent">Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent</a> (643–1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a> (1184–1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_at_Ayyadieh" title="Massacre at Ayyadieh">Massacre at Ayyadieh</a> (1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Crusades" title="Northern Crusades">Northern Crusades</a> (12th–16th cent.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusades_to_Europe_and_the_Holy_Land#Crusades_against_heretics_and_schismatics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Crusades to Europe and the Holy Land">Crusades against schismatics</a> (13th–15th cent.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversions_of_Muslims_in_Spain" title="Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain">Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain</a> (1500–1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a> (1522–1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a> (1526–1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Inquisition" title="Goa Inquisition">Goa Inquisition</a> (1561–1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a> (1562–1598)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Moriscos" title="Expulsion of the Moriscos">Expulsion of the Moriscos</a> (1609–1614)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Acts" title="Test Acts">Test Acts</a> (1673–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims_during_the_Ottoman_contraction" title="Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction">Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction</a> (1683–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_S%C3%A1mi_people" title="Christianization of the Sámi people">Christianization of the Sámi people</a> (1700s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolutionary dechristianisation</a> (1789–1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_War" title="Utah War">Utah War</a> (1857–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus" title="1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus">1860 Mount Lebanon civil war</a> (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_genocide" title="Circassian genocide">Circassian genocide</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_Revolt_(1862%E2%80%931877)" title="Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)">Dungan Revolt</a> (1862–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_massacre" title="Adana massacre">Adana massacre</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars">Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars</a> (1912–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Greek genocide</a> (1913–1922) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_genocide" title="Pontic Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide</a> (1914–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> (1915–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc">Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc</a> (1917–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Religion in the Soviet Union">Soviet persecution</a> (1922–1991) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-religious_campaign_during_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Anti-religious campaign during the Russian Civil War">1917–1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1921%E2%80%931928)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)">1921–1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1928%E2%80%931941)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1928–1941)">1928–1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1958%E2%80%931964)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1958–1964)">1958–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1970s%E2%80%931987)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)">1970–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_anti-religious_legislation" title="Soviet anti-religious legislation">legislation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ahovi%C4%87i_massacre" title="Šahovići massacre">Šahovići massacre</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Spain)" title="White Terror (Spain)">White Terror (Spain)</a> (1936–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_boycott_of_Jewish_businesses" title="Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses">Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> (1939–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_anti-religious_campaign" title="Polish anti-religious campaign">Communist Polish persecution</a> (1945–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-religious_campaign_of_Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-religious campaign of Communist Romania">Communist Romanian persecution</a> (1945–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Bihar_riots" title="1946 Bihar riots">1946 Bihar riots</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Rawalpindi_massacres" title="1947 Rawalpindi massacres">Rawalpindi massacres</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Pakistan#Decline_and_persecution" title="Hinduism in Pakistan">Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan</a> (1947–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_Muslims_in_independent_India" title="Violence against Muslims in independent India">Violence against Muslims in India</a> (1947–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus#India" title="Persecution of Hindus">Violence against Hindus in independent India</a> (1947–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_the_Muslim_world" title="Jewish exodus from the Muslim world">Jewish exodus from the Muslim world</a> (1948–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligious_campaigns_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party">Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party</a> (1949–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_and_uprisings_in_Tibet_since_1950" title="Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950">Persecution of Tibetans</a> (1950–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Turks_from_Bulgaria_(1950-1951)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950-1951)">Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence in Nigeria</a> (1953–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_pogrom" title="Istanbul pogrom">Istanbul pogrom</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_crisis" title="Buddhist crisis">Buddhist crisis</a> (1963) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF_Ph%E1%BA%ADt_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3n_shootings" title="Huế Phật Đản shootings">Huế Phật Đản shootings</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thích Quảng Đức">Thích Quảng Đức</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A1_L%E1%BB%A3i_Pagoda_raids" title="Xá Lợi Pagoda raids">Xá Lợi Pagoda raids</a> (1963)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> (1966–1976) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famen_Temple#People's_Republic_of_China" title="Famen Temple">Famen Temple</a> (1966)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_genocide" title="Bangladesh genocide">Bangladesh genocide</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus#Bangladesh" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh</a> (1971–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a> (1975–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a> (1975–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_anti-Sikh_riots" title="1984 anti-Sikh riots">1984 anti-Sikh riots</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_Process" title="Revival Process">Revival Process</a> (1984–1989) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Excursion" title="Big Excursion">Big Excursion</a> (1989)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Kashmiri_Hindus" title="Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus">Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> (1991–2001) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War">Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War</a> (1992–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide" title="Bosnian genocide">Bosnian genocide</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Kosovo_War" title="War crimes in the Kosovo War">War crimes in the Kosovo War</a> (1999)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walisongo_school_massacre" title="Walisongo school massacre">Walisongo school massacre</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosheh_massacres" title="Kosheh massacres">Kosheh massacres</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_riots" title="2002 Gujarat riots">2002 Gujarat riots</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency</a> (2004–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspero_demonstrations" title="Maspero demonstrations">Maspero demonstrations</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_by_Islamic_extremists_in_Bangladesh" title="Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh">Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh</a> (2013–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidi_genocide" title="Yazidi genocide">Yazidi genocide</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">Genocide of Christians by ISIL</a> (2014–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Iraqi Turkmen genocide</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a> (2014–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Rohingya genocide</a> (2016–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Delhi_riots" title="2020 Delhi riots">2020 Delhi riots</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Istanbul_church_shooting" title="2024 Istanbul church shooting">2024 Istanbul church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/24px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_politics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_and_politics" title="Template:Religion and politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_and_politics" title="Template talk:Religion and politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_and_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion and politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Religion in politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="General_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">General concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism_and_Freemasonry" title="Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry">Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesaropapism" title="Caesaropapism">Caesaropapism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_references_to_God" title="Constitutional references to God">Constitutional references to God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine rule">Divine rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Spirituality" class="mw-redirect" title="Engaged Spirituality">Engaged Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Feminist theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thealogy" title="Thealogy">Thealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist theology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">Identity politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_secularism" title="Organized secularism">Organized secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Political religion">Political religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious anarchism">Religious anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry#Religious_anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Religious anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_anti-Zionism" title="Religious anti-Zionism">Religious anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_communism" title="Religious communism">Religious communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_humanism" title="Religious humanism">Religious humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_law" title="Religious law">Religious law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Religious_attitudes" title="Pacifism">Religious pacifism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_peacebuilding" title="Religion and peacebuilding">Religion and peacebuilding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_police" title="Religious police">Religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_rejection_of_politics" title="Religious rejection of politics">Religious rejection of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Religious segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism#Religious" title="Separatism">Religious separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_same-sex_marriage" title="Religious views on same-sex marriage">Religious views on same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_liberalism" title="Secular liberalism">Secular liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">Secularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_religion" title="Secular religion">Secular religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_left" title="Spiritual left">Spiritual left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theonomy" title="Theonomy">Theonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Christianity_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Christianity and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Amendment" title="Blaine Amendment">Blaine Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#Catholics" title="Anti-communism">Christian anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_Freemasonry_within_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to Freemasonry within Christianity">Christian anti-Masonry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_ban_of_Freemasonry" title="Papal ban of Freemasonry">Papal ban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Christian" title="Anti-Zionism">Christian anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism#Christianity" title="Corporatism">Christian corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_egalitarianism" title="Christian egalitarianism">Christian egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Christian environmentalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_environmentalism" title="Evangelical environmentalism">Evangelical environmentalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christian fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">German Christians (movement)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reich_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reich Church">Protestant Reich Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian feminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_feminism" title="Mormon feminism">Mormon feminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian law">Christian law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peacemaking#Christianity" title="Peacemaking">Christian peacemaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism" title="Christian reconstructionism">Christian reconstructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_republic" title="Christian republic">Christian republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Socialism_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Socialism in Utah">In Utah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpinism" title="Cisalpinism">Cisalpinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion Theology">Dominion Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febronianism" title="Febronianism">Febronianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallicanism" title="Gallicanism">Gallicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_politics" title="Maronite politics">Maronite politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicianism" title="Phoenicianism">Phoenicianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal state">Papal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillarisation" title="Pillarisation">Pillarisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations between the Catholic Church and the state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church%E2%80%93state_relations_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Church–state relations in Argentina">In Argentina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_sovereignty" title="Sphere sovereignty">Sphere sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(Catholicism)" title="Subsidiarity (Catholicism)">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_(papal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal power (papal)">Temporal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-ultramontanism" title="Neo-ultramontanism">Neo-ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islam_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Islam and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hui_pan-nationalism" title="Hui pan-nationalism">Hui pan-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Human Rights in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic anarchism">Islamic anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_Freemasonry#Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppression of Freemasonry">Islamic anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Muslim" title="Anti-Zionism">Islamic anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic fascism">Islamic fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_of_Islamic_law_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Application of Islamic law by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">In Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">In South Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism_in_Islam" title="Pacifism in Islam">Islamic pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_supporters_of_Israel" title="Muslim supporters of Israel">Islamic Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat" class="mw-redirect" title="Khilafat">Khilafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro-Islam" title="Petro-Islam">Petro-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_quietism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political quietism">Political quietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talibanization" title="Talibanization">Talibanization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Judaism_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_politics" title="Judaism and politics">Judaism and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halachic_state" title="Halachic state">Halachic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Jewish_anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Jewish anti-Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredim_and_Zionism" title="Haredim and Zionism">Haredim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Jewish Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_and_democratic_state" title="Jewish and democratic state">Jewish democracy</a></li> <li>Jewish fascism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Revisionist Maximalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish law">Jewish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Judaism" title="Pacifism">Jewish pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish right">Jewish right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Jewish secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish socialism">Jewish socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundism" title="Bundism">Bundism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poale_Zion" title="Poale Zion">Poale Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hinduism_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu politics">Hinduism and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Bharat" title="Akhand Bharat">Akhand Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India#Hindu_feminism" title="Feminism in India">Hindu feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism#Religion" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Hindu law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Hindu modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Rashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Rashtra">Hindu Rashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panun_Kashmir" title="Panun Kashmir">Panun Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangabhumi" title="Bangabhumi">Bangabhumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_revolution" title="Hindu revolution">Hindu revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_revivalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu revivalism">Hindu revivalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_environmentalism#Hinduism" title="Religion and environmentalism">Hindu environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Aryans" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Aryans">Indigenous Aryans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama#Rama_Rajya" title="Rama">Rama Rajya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffronisation" title="Saffronisation">Saffronisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_(Hinduism)" title="Shuddhi (Hinduism)">Shuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_civil_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform civil code">Uniform civil code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buddhism_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buddhism and politics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#Buddhists" title="Anti-communism">Buddhist anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_feminism" title="Buddhist feminism">Buddhist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist law">Buddhist law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Buddhism#Nationalism" title="Criticism of Buddhism">Buddhist nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/969_Movement" title="969 Movement">969 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichirenism" title="Nichirenism">Nichirenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Buddhism" title="Humanistic Buddhism">Humanistic Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular Buddhism">Secular Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">American civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disestablishmentarianism" title="Disestablishmentarianism">Disestablishmentarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_cult_(ancient_Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial cult (ancient Rome)">Imperial cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottgl%C3%A4ubig" title="Gottgläubig">Gottgläubig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">Khalistan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Neopaganist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_aspects_of_Nazism" title="Religious aspects of Nazism">Religious aspects of Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity (religion)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Discrimination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination" title="Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination" title="Template talk:Discrimination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Discrimination" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discriminatory policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus">Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prejudice_and_discrimination" title="Category:Prejudice and discrimination">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_topics" title="Template:Religion topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_topics" title="Template talk:Religion topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religious_groups_and_denominations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religious groups and denominations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a>/<a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelder Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement#Associated_Bible_Students" title="Bible Student movement">Associated Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Bible_Students" title="Free Bible Students">Free Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Kitawala" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Kitawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laymen%27s_Home_Missionary_Movement" title="Laymen's Home Missionary Movement">Laymen's Home Missionary Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernist Salafism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Illahism" title="Ali-Illahism">Ali-Illahism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishikism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Alevism" title="Kurdish Alevism">Kurdish Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdawi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdawi movement">Mahdavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milah_Abraham" title="Milah Abraham">Milah Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azali" title="Azali">Azalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm-e-Khshnoom" title="Ilm-e-Khshnoom">Ilm-e-Khshnoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism/Uatsdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshani_movement" title="Roshani movement">Roshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_teaching" title="Luo teaching">Luoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion" title="Nuo folk religion">Nuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Salvationist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Folk Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao Taoism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_sects_and_schools" title="Shinto sects and schools">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Shugendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Korean shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeung_San_Do" title="Jeung San Do">Jeungsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_M%E1%BA%ABu" title="Đạo Mẫu">Đạo Mẫu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_B%E1%BB%ADu_S%C6%A1n_K%E1%BB%B3_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương">Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapatya" title="Ganapatya">Ganapatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumaram" title="Kaumaram">Kaumaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saura_(Hinduism)" title="Saura (Hinduism)">Sauraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Neo-Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Thiền</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Amidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Neo-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_people#Religion" title="Kalash people">Kalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kirat Mundhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda#Religion" title="Vedda">Vedda religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_creation_myth" title="Tungusic creation myth">Tungusic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenks#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_shamanism" title="Manchu shamanism">Manchu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarna_(place)" title="Sarna (place)">Sarnaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" title="Parmalim">Batak Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people#Religion_and_festivals" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Sabahan_religions" title="Traditional Sabahan religions">Traditional Sabahan religions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Aliran Kepercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Karo Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_folk_religion" title="Malaysian folk religion">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Philippine_folk_religions" title="Indigenous Philippine folk religions">Philippine Dayawism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religious_beliefs_of_the_Tagalog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Sumbese Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sundanese Wiwitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Anishinaabe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe#Spiritual_beliefs" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Midewiwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabunowin" title="Wabunowin">Wabunowin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache#Religion" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">Californian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuksu_(religion)" title="Kuksu (religion)">Kuksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_religion" title="Pomo religion">Pomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_religion" title="Crow religion">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs" title="Cherokee spiritual beliefs">Cherokee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mothers_Society" title="Four Mothers Society">Four Mothers Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Religion" title="Longhouse Religion">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people#Religion" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muscogee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_mythology" title="Seneca mythology">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyandot religion">Wyandot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples#Religion" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_religion" title="Purépecha religion">Purépecha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo#Spiritual_and_religious_beliefs" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_mythology" title="Nuu-chah-nulth mythology">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_religion" title="Pueblo religion">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo#Religion" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux#Religion" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_religion" title="Lakota religion">Lakota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian_mythology" title="Tsimshian mythology">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_mythology" title="Ute mythology">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions#Washat_Dreamers_Religion" title="Native American religions">Washat Dreamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui#Yaqui_cosmology_and_religion" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_religion" title="Ahom religion">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" title="Miao folk religion">Hmongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_(religion)" title="Mo (religion)">Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Satsana Phi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" title="Burmese folk religion">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzhuism" title="Benzhuism">Benzhuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathouism" title="Bathouism">Bathouism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Bongthingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba" title="Dongba">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donyi-Polo" title="Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraka">Heraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kiratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion" title="Qiang folk religion">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Guanche church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Sub-Saharan African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Akamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluba mythology">Baluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushongo mythology">Bushongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinka_religion" title="Dinka religion">Dinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon religion">Dogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Fon and Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_people" title="Ik people">Ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotuko mythology">Lotuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_mythology" title="Lozi mythology">Lozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Odinala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_religion" title="San religion">San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" title="Tumbuka mythology">Tumbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_people" title="Urhobo people">Urhobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waaqeffanna" title="Waaqeffanna">Waaqeffanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">Diasporic</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfa" title="Comfa">Comfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Espiritismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Mina" title="Tambor de Mina">Tambor de Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Siberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syncretic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Religion" title="Coconut Religion">Coconut Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meivazhi" title="Meivazhi">Meivazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modekngei" title="Modekngei">Modekngei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roerichism" title="Roerichism">Roerichism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud" title="Subud">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensegrity_(Castaneda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensegrity (Castaneda)">Tensegrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Theosophy" title="Neo-Theosophy">Neo-Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">White Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern paganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" title="Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz neopaganism">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Circassian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism (modern religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Italo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Authentism" title="Russian Authentism">Authentism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" title="Uralic neopaganism">Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_neopaganism" title="Estonian neopaganism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Finnish_paganism" title="Modern Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Native_Faith" title="Hungarian Native Faith">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_religion" title="Mari religion">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_native_religion" title="Erzyan native religion">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Zalmoxianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_movements" title="List of modern pagan movements">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">De novo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckankar" title="Eckankar">Eckankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical_religions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">Historical religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people#Religion" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Old Prussian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_mythology" title="Cook Islands mythology">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuegians#Spiritual_culture" title="Fuegians">Fuegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation#Religion" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Harappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrian_religion" title="Hurrian religion">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederacy#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Confederacy">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroon_religion" title="Jamaican Maroon religion">Jamaican Maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Indigenous_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Indigenous religion">Nauruan Indigenous religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian mythology">Dacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_religion" title="Illyrian religion">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_religion" title="Thracian religion">Thracian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_III_Era#Culture_and_religion" title="Basketmaker III Era">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_II_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo II Period">Pueblo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_III_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo III Period">Pueblo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_IV_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo IV Period">Pueblo IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cult of Magna Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_religion" title="Punic religion">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_religion" title="Tongan religion">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu#Religion" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization#Religion_and_Myth" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">Apostasy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" title="Religious disaffiliation">Disaffiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_behaviour" title="Religious behaviour">Behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belief#Religion" title="Belief">Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_to_prayer" title="Call to prayer">Call to prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_(religion)" title="Covenant (religion)">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">Denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_worship" title="Fire worship">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopraxy" title="Orthopraxy">Orthopraxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">Sacred space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains" title="Sacred mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tree" title="Sacred tree">Trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_symbol" title="Religious symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" title="Religious views on truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_and_religion" title="Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Astral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Place</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_religion" title="Neuroscience of religion">Neurotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">Soteriology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">Salvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religion" title="Theories about religion">Theories about religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">Religion and society</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" title="Religion and agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_assimilation" title="Religious assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">Proselytism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_fanaticism" title="Religious fanaticism">Fanaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_religion" title="Minority religion">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">National church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" title="Importance of religion by country">National religiosity levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">Populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religiocentrism" title="Religiocentrism">Religiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Science</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligion" title="Antireligion">Antireligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_deconstruction" title="Positive deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_theology" title="Secular theology">Secular theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Overviews and <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion-related_lists" title="Category:Religion-related lists">lists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_been_considered_deities" title="List of people who have been considered deities">Deification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_founders_of_religious_traditions" title="List of founders of religious traditions">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" title="Index of religion-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings" title="List of largest peaceful gatherings">Mass gatherings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" title="List of religious organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_religion" title="Outline of religion">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religions and spiritual traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_religion" title="Timeline of religion">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Algeria" title="Religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Angola" title="Religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Benin" title="Religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Botswana" title="Religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi" title="Religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cameroon" title="Religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chad" title="Religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Religion in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eritrea" title="Religion in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Gambia" title="Religion in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea" title="Religion in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Religion in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lesotho" title="Religion in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liberia" title="Religion in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Madagascar" title="Religion in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malawi" title="Religion in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mali" title="Religion in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritania" title="Religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Morocco" title="Religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Namibia" title="Religion in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niger" title="Religion in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Rwanda" title="Religion in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Senegal" title="Religion in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Seychelles" title="Religion in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Religion in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somalia" title="Religion in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Sudan" title="Religion in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan" title="Religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Togo" title="Religion in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tunisia" title="Religion in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uganda" title="Religion in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zambia" title="Religion in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Religion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bahrain" title="Religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brunei" title="Religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_East_Timor" title="Religion in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jordan" title="Religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon" title="Religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Maldives" title="Religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Myanmar" title="Religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oman" title="Religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Qatar" title="Religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Singapore" title="Religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen" title="Religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Andorra" title="Religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Religion in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Religion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latvia" title="Religion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liechtenstein" title="Religion in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Luxembourg" title="Religion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Moldova" title="Religion in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_San_Marino" title="Religion in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia" title="Religion in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_America" title="Religion in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Religion in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Bahamas" title="Religion in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Barbados" title="Religion in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belize" title="Religion in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Costa_Rica" title="Religion in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cuba" title="Religion in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Dominica" title="Religion in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guatemala" title="Religion in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Honduras" title="Religion in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jamaica" title="Religion in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mexico" title="Religion in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nicaragua" title="Religion in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Panama" title="Religion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Religion in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_America" title="Religion in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Argentina" title="Religion in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bolivia" title="Religion in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chile" title="Religion in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Colombia" title="Religion in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ecuador" title="Religion in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guyana" title="Religion in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Paraguay" title="Religion in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Peru" title="Religion in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Suriname" title="Religion in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uruguay" title="Religion in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Venezuela" title="Religion in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion" title="Category:Religion">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" 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