CINXE.COM

Civil Engineering Online | ASCE

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US" dir="ltr" data-disqus-src="asce-1" data-page-id="4100dae2e1934ca0bb94463d96c68f62"> <head> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script> var dataLayer = window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({ 'event': 'userData', 'user_id' : '', page: { pageId: '4100DAE2-E193-4CA0-BB94-463D96C68F62', templateId: '150127FB-68D1-409C-BE22-4CFAC07AB428' } }); //test GTM ID is GTM-5KJLGDL (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-5CMHVPG'); </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.icomoon.io/55136/ASCE/style.css?64vc5t"> <link rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous" as="font" href="/assets/fonts/icomoon.woff2?v=jag14uom16kbtna"> <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//ajax.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//use.typekit.net"> <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//p.typekit.net"> <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//cloud.typenetwork.com"> <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//www.google.com"> <link rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous" href="//stats.g.doubleclick.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Mulish:wght@400;500;700;800&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Civil Engineering Online | ASCE </title> <meta name="description" content="Civil Engineering magazine is the flagship publication of ASCE. It has two arms: Civil Engineering Online, which publishes online-only news, features, and departments, and the 6 issue/year print magazine. The print articles are also published online as part of Civil Engineering Online. All of Civil Engineering magazine&#39;s articles are widely shared in ASCE’s news and information hub, the Civil Engineering Source. " /> <meta name="keywords" content="" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.asce.org/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/style.css?v=jag14uom16kbtna"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/pwa/icons/apple-touch-icon.png?v=is2021"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/pwa/icons/favicon-32x32.png?v=is2021"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/pwa/icons/favicon-16x16.png?v=is2021"> <link rel="manifest" href="/assets/pwa/manifest.json?v=is2021" crossorigin="use-credentials"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/pwa/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg?v=is2021" color="#0273ba"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/pwa/icons/favicon.ico?v=is2021"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#0273ba"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/assets/pwa/browserconfig.xml?v=is2021"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.asce.org/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Civil Engineering Online" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Civil Engineering magazine is the flagship publication of ASCE. It has two arms: Civil Engineering Online, which publishes online-only news, features, and departments, and the 6 issue/year print magazine. The print articles are also published online as part of Civil Engineering Online. All of Civil Engineering magazine&#39;s articles are widely shared in ASCE’s news and information hub, the Civil Engineering Source. " /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.asce.org/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2022/13-reoccurring-art/cemag_web1b.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Civil Engineering Online" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Civil Engineering magazine is the flagship publication of ASCE. It has two arms: Civil Engineering Online, which publishes online-only news, features, and departments, and the 6 issue/year print magazine. The print articles are also published online as part of Civil Engineering Online. All of Civil Engineering magazine&#39;s articles are widely shared in ASCE’s news and information hub, the Civil Engineering Source. " /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.asce.org/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2022/13-reoccurring-art/cemag_web1b.jpg" /> </head> <body> <!-- BEGIN NOINDEX --> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5CMHVPG" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="Google Tag Manager"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!-- END NOINDEX --> <!-- BEGIN NOINDEX --> <a class="sr-text" href="#maincontent" aria-label="Skip to main content">Skip to main content</a> <!-- END NOINDEX --> <!-- BEGIN NOINDEX --> <script type="text/javascript"> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () { externalComponentsSection = document.getElementById("coveo-searchbox-mobile-header"); CoveoForSitecore.initExternalComponentsSection(externalComponentsSection); }); </script> <!-- components/mobile-menu/mobile-menu.twig --> <form method="post" id="mobile-logout-form" style="display:none" action="/api/logout?currentUrl=/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine"></form> <div class="mobile-menu" data-level="1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="mobile-menu-top"> <div class="mobile-menu-user-buttons"> <a href="https://sa360.asce.org/ASCEWebApp/SignIn/SignIn.aspx?ASCEURL=https://www.asce.org/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine" class="btn">Login</a> <a class="btn -hollow" href="/membership/join" target="">Join</a> </div> <button class="mobile-menu-close icon-close js-mobile-menu-close"><span class="sr-text">Close</span></button> <button class="mobile-menu-back js-mobile-menu-back">Back</button> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-inner"> <nav class="mobile-menu-nav" aria-label="Side Navigation"> <ul class="mobile-menu-main"> <div class="mobile-menu-main-search"> <label for="coveo-searchbox-mobile-header" class="sr-text">Search</label> <div class="asce-coveo-search"> <div id="coveo-searchbox-mobile-header" data-search-interface-id="AsceMainSiteCoveoSearchInterface"> <script> document.addEventListener("CoveoSearchEndpointInitialized", function() { var searchboxElement = document.getElementById("AsceMainSiteMobileHeaderGlobalSearchBox"); searchboxElement.addEventListener("CoveoComponentInitialized", function() { CoveoForSitecore.initSearchboxIfStandalone(searchboxElement, "/search"); }); }) </script> <div id="AsceMainSiteMobileHeaderGlobalSearchBox_container" class="coveo-for-sitecore-search-box-container" data-prebind-maximum-age='currentMaximumAge' > <div id="AsceMainSiteMobileHeaderGlobalSearchBox" class="CoveoSearchbox" data-enable-omnibox='true' data-prebind-maximum-age='currentMaximumAge' data-placeholder='Search ASCE' data-clear-filters-on-new-query='false' > <script type="text/javascript"> document.addEventListener("CoveoSearchEndpointInitialized", function() { var componentId = "AsceMainSiteMobileHeaderGlobalSearchBox"; var componentElement = document.getElementById(componentId); function showError(error) { console.error(error); } function areCoveoResourcesIncluded() { return typeof (Coveo) !== "undefined"; } if (areCoveoResourcesIncluded()) { var event = document.createEvent("CustomEvent"); event.initEvent("CoveoComponentInitialized", false, true); setTimeout(function() { componentElement.dispatchEvent(event); }, 0); } else { componentElement.classList.add("invalid"); showError("The Coveo Resources component must be included in this page."); } }); </script> <div class="CoveoForSitecoreBindWithUserContext"></div> <div class="CoveoForSitecoreExpressions"></div> <div class="CoveoForSitecoreConfigureSearchHub" data-sc-search-hub="Search"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <li class="mobile-menu-main-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link false" href="/publications-and-news" target="">Publications &amp; News</a> <a class="mobile-menu-main-next icon-chevron js-mobile-menu-next" href="#"> <span class="sr-text">View Menu</span> </a> <div class="mobile-menu-main-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading">FEATURED</div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/publications-and-news/asce-7" target="">ASCE 7</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/publications-and-news/newsroom" target="">Newsroom</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source" target="">Civil Engineering Source</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine" target="">Civil Engineering Magazine</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/search/bookstore-incl-books---proceedings---codes-standards" target="">Bookstore</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading">By Type</div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/search/books" target="">Books</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/search/codes-standards-content-type" target="">Codes &amp; Standards</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://ascelibrary.org/journals" target="_blank">Journals</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/search/news-releases" target="">News Releases</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/advocacy/policy-statements" target="">Policy Statements</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/search/proceedings-content-type" target="">Proceedings</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/search/videos---all" target="">Videos</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/publications-and-news/contract-documents" target="">Contract Documents</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading">Featured News</div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/article/2024/11/04/on-the-fast-track-high-speed-rail-line-will-connect-la-vegas-by-2028" target="">On the fast track: High-speed rail line will connect LA, Vegas by 2028</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/article/2024/11/06/testing-the-risk-of-danger-that-aging-geomembranes-pose-to-landfills" target=""> Testing the risk of danger that aging geomembranes pose to landfills</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source" target="">View All</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-main-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link false" href="/career-growth" target="">Career &amp; Growth</a> <a class="mobile-menu-main-next icon-chevron js-mobile-menu-next" href="#"> <span class="sr-text">View Menu</span> </a> <div class="mobile-menu-main-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading">Jobs</div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://careers.asce.org/" target="_blank">Find Job Opportunities</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://employers.asce.org/" target="_blank">Post a Job</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/salary-and-workforce-research" target="">Salary &amp; Workforce Research</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading">Support For</div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/early-career-engineers" target="">Early Career Engineer</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/educators" target="">Educators</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/experienced-engineers" target="">Experienced Engineer</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/late-career" target="">Late Career</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/students" target="">Students</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading">Resources</div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/leader-development" target="">Leader Development</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/ethics" target="">Ethics</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/awards-and-honors" target="">Awards &amp; Honors</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/communities/get-involved" target="">Get Involved</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/career-paths" target="">Career Paths</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/civil-engineering-certification" target="">Civil Engineering Certification</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/career-growth/pre-college-outreach" target="">Pre-College Outreach</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-main-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link false" href="/education-and-events" target="">Education &amp; Events</a> <a class="mobile-menu-main-next icon-chevron js-mobile-menu-next" href="#"> <span class="sr-text">View Menu</span> </a> <div class="mobile-menu-main-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading">Continuing Education</div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/education-and-events/explore-education" target="">Explore Education</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://sa360.asce.org/ASCEWebApp/Benefits/Membership/Freeondemandwebinars.aspx" target="_blank">Free PDH Courses</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://mylearning.asce.org/diweb/dashboard" target="_blank">myLearning Login</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading">Featured </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://www.asceweek.org/" target="_blank">ASCE Seminar Week</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://mylearning.asce.org/diweb/catalog/item?id=9386038" target="_blank">Upcoming Courses</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/education-and-events/explore-education/exam-preparation" target="">Exam Preparation</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/education-and-events/explore-education/customized-training" target="">Customized Training</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading">Events</div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/education-and-events/events" target="">Find an Upcoming Conference or Event</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/membership/corporate-engagement" target="">Sponsorship &amp; Engagement Opportunities</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/education-and-events/events/call-for-submissions" target="">Call for Submissions</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/initiatives/cities-of-the-future" target="">Cities of the Future film out now!</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://ipwe-bhopal.org/" target="_blank">International Perspectives on Water and the Environment (IPWE) 2025</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://www.cisummit.org/" target="_blank">Construction Institute Summit 2025</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-main-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link false" href="/communities" target="">Communities</a> <a class="mobile-menu-main-next icon-chevron js-mobile-menu-next" href="#"> <span class="sr-text">View Menu</span> </a> <div class="mobile-menu-main-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/communities/find-a-group" target="">Find a group</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/communities/institutes-and-technical-groups" target="">Institutes &amp; Technical Groups</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/communities/get-involved" target="">Get Involved</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://collaborate.asce.org/home" target="_blank">Collaborate Community</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://collaborate.asce.org/communities/communities-of-practice" target="_blank">Communities of Practice</a> </div> </li> <!-- add my groups and interest--> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading"></div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/communities/younger-members" target="">Younger Members</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/advocacy/key-contacts" target="">Key Contact Advocates</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/communities/student-members" target="">Student Members</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/communities/find-a-group/regions/region-10" target="">Global Members</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/communities/committees" target="">Committees</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/membership/corporate-engagement/organization-partners" target="">Organization Partners</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-main-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link false" href="/topics" target="">Topics</a> <a class="mobile-menu-main-next icon-chevron js-mobile-menu-next" href="#" style="display:none"> <span class="sr-text">View Menu</span> </a> <div class="mobile-menu-main-panel" aria-hidden="true" style="display:none"> <ul> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading">Topics</div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/topics/ai-and-civil-engineering" target="">AI and Civil Engineering</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/topics/civil-engineering-workforce-development" target="">Civil Engineering Workforce Development</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/topics/cybersecurity" target="">Cybersecurity</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/topics/disaster-response" target="">Disaster Response</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/topics/equity-infrastructure" target="">Equity and Infrastructure</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/topics/health-and-safety" target="">Health and Safety</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/topics/modular-design-and-construction" target="">Modular Design and Construction</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/topics/renewable-energy" target="">Renewable Energy</a> </div> </li> <li> </li> <li> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-utility-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link" href="" target="">ASCE Sites</a> <a class="mobile-menu-main-next icon-chevron js-mobile-menu-next" href="#"> <span class="sr-text">View Menu</span> </a> <div class="mobile-menu-main-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-heading">ASCE Sites</div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://amplify.asce.org/" target="_blank">ASCE AMPLIFY</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://www.ascefoundation.org/" target="_blank">ASCE Foundation</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://ascelibrary.org/" target="_blank">ASCE Library</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://www.ascemediasales.org/" target="_blank">ASCE Media Sales</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://collaborate.asce.org/home" target="_blank">Collaborate Community</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://www.futureworldvision.org/" target="_blank">Future World Vision</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://infrastructurereportcard.org/" target="_blank">Infrastructure Report Card</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="http://mylearning.asce.org/diweb/catalog/sort/+n" target="_blank">MyLearning</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-utility-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link" href="/membership" target="">Membership</a> <a class="mobile-menu-main-next icon-chevron js-mobile-menu-next" href="#"> <span class="sr-text">View Menu</span> </a> <div class="mobile-menu-main-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/membership" target="">Overview</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="/membership/join" target="">Become a member</a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu-column-link"> <a href="https://sp360.asce.org/PersonifyEbusiness/Membership/Renew-Membership" target="">Renew</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-side-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link" href="/about-asce" target="">About ASCE</a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-side-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link" href="/initiatives" target="">Initiatives</a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-side-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link" href="/advocacy" target="">Advocacy</a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-side-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link" href="/diversity-equity-and-inclusion" target="">Diversity, Equity &amp; Inclusion</a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-side-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link" href="/about-civil-engineering/history-and-heritage/historic-landmarks" target="">Historic Landmarks</a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-side-nav-link"> <a class="mobile-menu-main-link" href="/contact-us" target="">Contact Us</a> </li> <div class="mobile-menu-side-nav-button"> <a href="https://www.ascefoundation.org/how-to-give/online-gift" target="_blank" class="btn -white">Make a Donation</a> </div> <nav class="mobile-menu-side-nav-social-links" aria-label="Social Media Links"> <ul> <li> <a class="icon-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/americansocietyofcivilengineers" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">linkedin</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ASCE.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">facebook</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ascetweets" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">twitter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCriMdyJ4zLJflaNZSQKgABQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">youtube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=/asce_hq/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">instagram</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="page-container"> <script type="text/javascript"> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () { externalComponentsSection = document.getElementById("coveo-searchbox-site-header"); CoveoForSitecore.initExternalComponentsSection(externalComponentsSection); }); </script> <!-- components/site-header/site-header.twig --> <form method="post" id="logout-form" style="display:none" action="/api/logout?currentUrl=/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine"></form> <header class="site-header "> <div class="site-header-inner"> <!-- Main Nav --> <nav class="site-header-nav" aria-label="Main Site Navigation"> <div class="site-header-logo"> <a href="/"> <img src="/-/media/images/asce/logos/logo_1029.svg" alt="ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers"> </a> </div> <div class="site-header-nav-wrapper"> <ul class="site-header-utility-nav" aria-role="Navigation"> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-item"> <a href="" target="" class="site-header-utility-nav-link" data-children="true"><span>ASCE Sites</span></a> <ul class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown"> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-block-heading">ASCE Sites</div> <ul class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://amplify.asce.org/" target="_blank"><span>ASCE AMPLIFY</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.ascefoundation.org/" target="_blank"><span>ASCE Foundation</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://ascelibrary.org/" target="_blank"><span>ASCE Library</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.ascemediasales.org/" target="_blank"><span>ASCE Media Sales</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://collaborate.asce.org/home" target="_blank"><span>Collaborate Community</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.futureworldvision.org/" target="_blank"><span>Future World Vision</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://infrastructurereportcard.org/" target="_blank"><span>Infrastructure Report Card</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="http://mylearning.asce.org/diweb/catalog/sort/+n" target="_blank"><span>MyLearning</span></a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-item"> <a href="/membership" target="" class="site-header-utility-nav-link" data-children="true"><span>Membership</span></a> <ul class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown"> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-block"> <ul class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/membership" target="" class=""><span>Overview</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/membership/join" target="" class=""><span>Become a member</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://sp360.asce.org/PersonifyEbusiness/Membership/Renew-Membership" target=""><span>Renew</span></a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-item -login"> <a href="https://sa360.asce.org/ASCEWebApp/SignIn/SignIn.aspx?ASCEURL=https://www.asce.org/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine" class="site-header-utility-nav-link -login" data-children="false"><span>Login</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-utility-nav-item -join"> <a href="/membership/join" target="" class="site-header-utility-nav-link"><span>Join</span></a> </li> </ul> <ul class="site-header-main-nav"> <li class="site-header-item"> <a href="/publications-and-news" target="" data-active="false" data-children="true">Publications &amp; News</a> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown -publication-and-news" role="list"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-column-1" role="listitem"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading">FEATURED</div> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/publications-and-news/asce-7" target="" data-active="false"><span>ASCE 7</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/publications-and-news/newsroom" target="" data-active="false"><span>Newsroom</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source" target="" data-active="false"><span>Civil Engineering Source</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine" target="" data-active="true"><span>Civil Engineering Magazine</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/search/bookstore-incl-books---proceedings---codes-standards" target="" data-active="false"><span>Bookstore</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-column-2" role="listitem"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading">By Type</div> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/search/books" target="" data-active="false"><span>Books</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/search/codes-standards-content-type" target="" data-active="false"><span>Codes &amp; Standards</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://ascelibrary.org/journals" target="_blank" data-active="false"><span>Journals</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/search/news-releases" target="" data-active="false"><span>News Releases</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/advocacy/policy-statements" target="" data-active="false"><span>Policy Statements</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/search/proceedings-content-type" target="" data-active="false"><span>Proceedings</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/search/videos---all" target="" data-active="false"><span>Videos</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/publications-and-news/contract-documents" target="" data-active="false"><span>Contract Documents</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-column-3" role="listitem"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading">Featured News</div> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/article/2024/11/04/on-the-fast-track-high-speed-rail-line-will-connect-la-vegas-by-2028" target="" data-active="false" class="-bold-link"><span>On the fast track: High-speed rail line will connect LA, Vegas by 2028</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/article/2024/11/06/testing-the-risk-of-danger-that-aging-geomembranes-pose-to-landfills" target="" data-active="false" class="-bold-link"><span> Testing the risk of danger that aging geomembranes pose to landfills</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source" target="" class="-arrow-link"><span>View All</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </ul> </li> <li class="site-header-item"> <a href="/career-growth" target="" data-active="false" data-children="true">Career &amp; Growth</a> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown -careers" role="list"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-column-1" role="listitem"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading">Jobs</div> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://careers.asce.org/" target="_blank" data-active="false"><span>Find Job Opportunities</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://employers.asce.org/" target="_blank" data-active="false"><span>Post a Job</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/salary-and-workforce-research" target="" data-active="false"><span>Salary &amp; Workforce Research</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading">Support For</div> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/early-career-engineers" target="" data-active="false"><span>Early Career Engineer</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/educators" target="" data-active="false"><span>Educators</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/experienced-engineers" target="" data-active="false"><span>Experienced Engineer</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/late-career" target="" data-active="false"><span>Late Career</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/students" target="" data-active="false"><span>Students</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-column-2" role="listitem"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading">Resources</div> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/leader-development" target="" data-active="false"><span>Leader Development</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/ethics" target="" data-active="false"><span>Ethics</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/awards-and-honors" target="" data-active="false"><span>Awards &amp; Honors</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/communities/get-involved" target="" data-active="false"><span>Get Involved</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/career-paths" target="" data-active="false"><span>Career Paths</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/civil-engineering-certification" target="" data-active="false"><span>Civil Engineering Certification</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/career-growth/pre-college-outreach" target="" data-active="false"><span>Pre-College Outreach</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </ul> </li> <li class="site-header-item"> <a href="/education-and-events" target="" data-active="false" data-children="true">Education &amp; Events</a> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown" role="list"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-column-1" role="listitem"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading">Continuing Education</div> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/education-and-events/explore-education" target="" data-active="false"><span>Explore Education</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://sa360.asce.org/ASCEWebApp/Benefits/Membership/Freeondemandwebinars.aspx" target="_blank" data-active="false"><span>Free PDH Courses</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://mylearning.asce.org/diweb/dashboard" target="_blank" data-active="false"><span>myLearning Login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading">Featured </div> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.asceweek.org/" target="_blank" data-active="false"><span>ASCE Seminar Week</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://mylearning.asce.org/diweb/catalog/item?id=9386038" target="_blank" data-active="false"><span>Upcoming Courses</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/education-and-events/explore-education/exam-preparation" target="" data-active="false"><span>Exam Preparation</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/education-and-events/explore-education/customized-training" target="" data-active="false"><span>Customized Training</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-column-2" role="listitem"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading">Events</div> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/education-and-events/events" target="" data-active="false"><span>Find an Upcoming Conference or Event</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/membership/corporate-engagement" target="" data-active="false"><span>Sponsorship &amp; Engagement Opportunities</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/education-and-events/events/call-for-submissions" target="" data-active="false"><span>Call for Submissions</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/initiatives/cities-of-the-future" target="" data-active="false"><span>Cities of the Future film out now!</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://ipwe-bhopal.org/" target="_blank" data-active="false"><span>International Perspectives on Water and the Environment (IPWE) 2025</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://www.cisummit.org/" target="_blank" data-active="false"><span>Construction Institute Summit 2025</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </ul> </li> <li class="site-header-item"> <a href="/communities" target="" data-active="false" data-children="true">Communities</a> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown" role="list"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-column-1" role="listitem"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/communities/find-a-group" target="" data-active="false" class="-bold-link"><span>Find a group</span></a> <p>Locate your region, section, or branch</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/communities/institutes-and-technical-groups" target="" data-active="false" class="-bold-link"><span>Institutes &amp; Technical Groups</span></a> <p>Network and interact with the leading minds in your profession.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/communities/get-involved" target="" data-active="false" class="-bold-link"><span>Get Involved</span></a> <p>Give back to the civil engineering community: volunteer, mentor, donate and more. </p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://collaborate.asce.org/home" target="_blank" data-active="false" class="-bold-link"><span>Collaborate Community</span></a> <p>Join the discussion with civil engineers across the world.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="https://collaborate.asce.org/communities/communities-of-practice" target="_blank" data-active="false" class="-bold-link"><span>Communities of Practice</span></a> <p></p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-column-2" role="listitem"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading"></div> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/communities/younger-members" target="" data-active="false"><span>Younger Members</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/advocacy/key-contacts" target="" data-active="false"><span>Key Contact Advocates</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/communities/student-members" target="" data-active="false"><span>Student Members</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/communities/find-a-group/regions/region-10" target="" data-active="false"><span>Global Members</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/communities/committees" target="" data-active="false"><span>Committees</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/membership/corporate-engagement/organization-partners" target="" data-active="false"><span>Organization Partners</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </ul> </li> <li class="site-header-item"> <a href="/topics" target="" data-active="false" data-children="true">Topics</a> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown" role="list" style="display:none"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-column-1" role="listitem"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading">Topics</div> <ul class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-items"> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/topics/ai-and-civil-engineering" target="" data-active="false"><span>AI and Civil Engineering</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/topics/civil-engineering-workforce-development" target="" data-active="false"><span>Civil Engineering Workforce Development</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/topics/cybersecurity" target="" data-active="false"><span>Cybersecurity</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/topics/disaster-response" target="" data-active="false"><span>Disaster Response</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/topics/equity-infrastructure" target="" data-active="false"><span>Equity and Infrastructure</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/topics/health-and-safety" target="" data-active="false"><span>Health and Safety</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/topics/modular-design-and-construction" target="" data-active="false"><span>Modular Design and Construction</span></a> </li> <li class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-item"> <a href="/topics/renewable-energy" target="" data-active="false"><span>Renewable Energy</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading"></div> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-column-2" role="listitem"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block"> <div class="site-header-main-nav-dropdown-block-heading"></div> </div> </div> </ul> </li> <li role="none" class="site-header-main-nav-item"> <a href="#" class="site-header-main-nav-search-trigger js-search-open"><span class="sr-text">Search</span></a> </li> <li role="none" class="site-header-main-nav-item"> <a href="#" class="site-header-main-nav-side-nav js-side-nav-trigger"><span class="sr-text">Side Navigation</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="site-header-side-nav js-side-nav" data-menu="closed" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="site-header-side-nav-top"> <button class="site-header-side-nav-close icon-close js-side-nav-close"><span class="sr-text">Close</span></button> </div> <div class="site-header-side-nav-inner"> <nav class="site-header-side-nav-nav" aria-label="Side Navigation"> <div class="site-header-side-nav-links"> <div class="site-header-side-nav-link"> <a href="/about-asce" target="">About ASCE</a> </div> <div class="site-header-side-nav-link"> <a href="/initiatives" target="">Initiatives</a> </div> <div class="site-header-side-nav-link"> <a href="/advocacy" target="">Advocacy</a> </div> <div class="site-header-side-nav-link"> <a href="/diversity-equity-and-inclusion" target="">Diversity, Equity &amp; Inclusion</a> </div> <div class="site-header-side-nav-link"> <a href="/about-civil-engineering/history-and-heritage/historic-landmarks" target="">Historic Landmarks</a> </div> <div class="site-header-side-nav-link"> <a href="/contact-us" target="">Contact Us</a> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-side-nav-button"> <a href="https://www.ascefoundation.org/how-to-give/online-gift" target="_blank" class="btn -white">Make a Donation</a> </div> <nav class="site-header-side-nav-social-links" aria-label="Social Media Links"> <ul> <li> <a class="icon-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/americansocietyofcivilengineers" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">linkedin</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ASCE.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">facebook</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ascetweets" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">twitter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCriMdyJ4zLJflaNZSQKgABQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">youtube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=/asce_hq/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">instagram</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-search-container -js-container"> <div class="site-header-search"> <button class="site-header-search-close icon-close js-site-header-search-close"><span class="sr-text">Close</span></button> <div class="site-header-search-inner"> <label for="coveo-searchbox-site-header" class="site-header-search-label">Search</label> <div class="site-header-search-wrapper"> <div class="asce-coveo-search"> <div id="coveo-searchbox-site-header" data-search-interface-id="AsceMainSiteCoveoSearchInterface"> <script> document.addEventListener("CoveoSearchEndpointInitialized", function() { var searchboxElement = document.getElementById("AsceMainSiteHeaderGlobalSearchBox"); searchboxElement.addEventListener("CoveoComponentInitialized", function() { CoveoForSitecore.initSearchboxIfStandalone(searchboxElement, "/search"); }); }) </script> <div id="AsceMainSiteHeaderGlobalSearchBox_container" class="coveo-for-sitecore-search-box-container" data-prebind-maximum-age='currentMaximumAge' > <div id="AsceMainSiteHeaderGlobalSearchBox" class="CoveoSearchbox" data-enable-omnibox='true' data-prebind-maximum-age='currentMaximumAge' data-placeholder='Search ASCE' data-clear-filters-on-new-query='false' > <script type="text/javascript"> document.addEventListener("CoveoSearchEndpointInitialized", function() { var componentId = "AsceMainSiteHeaderGlobalSearchBox"; var componentElement = document.getElementById(componentId); function showError(error) { console.error(error); } function areCoveoResourcesIncluded() { return typeof (Coveo) !== "undefined"; } if (areCoveoResourcesIncluded()) { var event = document.createEvent("CustomEvent"); event.initEvent("CoveoComponentInitialized", false, true); setTimeout(function() { componentElement.dispatchEvent(event); }, 0); } else { componentElement.classList.add("invalid"); showError("The Coveo Resources component must be included in this page."); } }); </script> <div class="CoveoForSitecoreBindWithUserContext"></div> <div class="CoveoForSitecoreExpressions"></div> <div class="CoveoForSitecoreConfigureSearchHub" data-sc-search-hub="Search"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <header class="mobile-header"> <div class="mobile-header-inner"> <a href="/"> <img src="/-/media/images/asce/logos/logo_1029.svg?iar=0&amp;hash=8876BF12A06E22451CED2193852DCB39" class="mobile-header-logo" alt="ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers" /> </a> <div class="mobile-header-nav"> <a class="btn -small" href="https://sa360.asce.org/ASCEWebApp/SignIn/SignIn.aspx?ASCEURL=https://www.asce.org/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine">Login</a> <button type="button" class="mobile-menu-trigger js-mobile-menu-toggle"> <span class="sr-text">Mobile Menu</span> </button> </div> </div> </header> <!-- END NOINDEX --> <main id="maincontent" aria-label="Page Content"> <div class="grid-container"> <!-- components/source-sub-nav/source-sub-nav.twig --> <!-- BEGIN NOINDEX --> <nav class="source-sub-nav"> <div class="source-sub-nav-inner"> <div class="source-sub-nav-logo-wrapper"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source" class="source-sub-nav-source-logo" title="Civil Engineering Source"> <img src="/-/media/images/asce/logos/logo-source-masthead.svg?iar=0&amp;hash=37E0486F230EC0C5A304BA0B3B1F797B" alt="Source Logo" /> </a> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine" class="source-sub-nav-secondary-logo" title="Civil Engineering"> <img src="/-/media/images/asce/logos/ce-masthead.png?h=47&amp;iar=0&amp;w=267&amp;hash=BDB3A073E871E3AB09F3662F20581BB4" alt="" width="267" height="47" /> </a> </div> <div class="source-sub-nav-tagline"></div> <div class="source-sub-nav-mobile-trigger-wrapper"> <button class="source-sub-nav-mobile-trigger"> <span class="sr-text">Open sub-menu</span> <span class="line line-1" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="line line-2" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="line line-3" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </div> <ul class="source-sub-nav-items"> <li class="source-sub-nav-item" data-expanded="false"> <a title="Civil Engineering Magazine" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine">Civil Engineering Magazine</a> <button id="source-sub-nav-4e597d39-2e9f-414b-9ed9-6f143ec11b9e-1" class="source-sub-nav-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="source-sub-nav-4e597d39-2e9f-414b-9ed9-6f143ec11b9e-1"> <span class="sr-text">Expand Civil Engineering Magazine's children</span> </button> <ul class="source-sub-nav-children" id="source-sub-nav-13cd9f4a-ba48-4550-8558-d23339b39d12-1" role="region" aria-labelledby="source-sub-nav-4e597d39-2e9f-414b-9ed9-6f143ec11b9e-1" aria-hidden="true"> <li> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/about-civil-engineering-magazine">About</a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues">Digital Print Archives</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="source-sub-nav-item" data-expanded="false"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/society-news">Society News</a> <button id="source-sub-nav-4e597d39-2e9f-414b-9ed9-6f143ec11b9e-2" class="source-sub-nav-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="source-sub-nav-4e597d39-2e9f-414b-9ed9-6f143ec11b9e-2"> <span class="sr-text">Expand Society News's children</span> </button> <ul class="source-sub-nav-children" id="source-sub-nav-13cd9f4a-ba48-4550-8558-d23339b39d12-2" role="region" aria-labelledby="source-sub-nav-4e597d39-2e9f-414b-9ed9-6f143ec11b9e-2" aria-hidden="true"> <li> <a href="/publications-and-news/newsroom">Newsroom</a> </li> <li> <a href="/search/obituaries---view-all">Obituraries</a> </li> <li> <a href="/search/awards-articles---view-all">Awards</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="source-sub-nav-item" data-expanded="false"> <a title="Videos" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/videos">Videos</a> </li> <li class="source-sub-nav-item" data-expanded="false"> <a title="Podcasts" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/podcasts">Podcasts</a> </li> <li class="source-sub-nav-item" data-expanded="false"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/perspectives">Perspectives</a> </li> <li class="source-sub-nav-item" data-expanded="false"> <a title="About" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/about">About</a> </li> <li> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <!-- END NOINDEX --> <!-- components/source-hero/source-hero.twig --> <div class="source-hero" style="background-image: url('/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/09-september-2024/cep-feature-what-does-it-take-to-engineer-under-snow-and-ice/hero_crop_cold_regions.jpg?cx=0.22&amp;cy=0.52&amp;cw=1800&amp;ch=558&amp;hash=04F6EED4984001A3C000ADA93632FDF9');"> <div class="source-hero-inner"> <div class="source-hero-content"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/what-does-it-take-to-engineer-under-snow-and-ice" class="h3 source-hero-title">What does it take to engineer under snow and ice?</a> </div> <div class="photo-credit source-hero-credit">Photograph courtesy of iStock.com/by-studio</div> </div> </div> <!-- components/topics-columns/topics-columns.twig --> <section class="topics-columns"> <div class="topics-columns-featured"> <div class="topics-columns-item"> <div class="topics-columns-item-img-container"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/the-elizabeth-line-moves-heavy-rail-beneath-london" class="topics-columns-item-img -featured" style="background-image: url('/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/09-september-2024/cep-feature-the-elizabeth-line-moves-heavy-rail-beneath-london/60.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=966&amp;ch=676&amp;hash=FB6F12CEFA085AA6C1653B522947F2D3')"> <span class="sr-text">Topics Column Media</span> </a> </div> <div class="topics-columns-item-text"> <div class="eyebrow">Public Transit</div> <h2 class="h4 "> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/the-elizabeth-line-moves-heavy-rail-beneath-london" class="topics-columns-item-link">The Elizabeth Line moves heavy rail beneath London</a> </h2> <p>It features 42 km of tunnels and underground stations as much as 40 km deep. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topics-columns-references"> <div class="topics-columns-references-2"> <div class="topics-columns-item"> <div class="topics-columns-item-img-container"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/huey-p-long-bridge-in-new-orleans-solved-a-big-transportation-problem" class="topics-columns-item-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/09-september-2024/cep-history-lesson-huey-p-long-bridge-in-new-orleans-solved-a-big-transportation-problem/32.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=650&amp;ch=460&amp;hash=C6601A548336659B59630E3706046629" alt="Photo shows a steel bridge with concrete piers. The bridge spans a river. "> </a> </div> <div class="topics-columns-item-text"> <div class="eyebrow">Rail Transportation</div> <h3 class="h5 "> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/huey-p-long-bridge-in-new-orleans-solved-a-big-transportation-problem" class="topics-columns-item-link">Huey P. Long Bridge in New Orleans solved a big transportation problem </a> </h3> <p>Completed in December 1935, the bridge combines a highway and railroad tracks. </p> </div> </div> <div class="topics-columns-item"> <div class="topics-columns-item-img-container"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/who-is-entitled-to-sovereign-immunity" class="topics-columns-item-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2023/13-reoccurring-art/the-lawian-hutchinson-u8wfirpsq7y-unsplash-copy-resized.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=650&amp;ch=460&amp;hash=7367F6300B288A31BB609D2C041AB074" alt="Photo of Supreme Court facade by Ian Hutchinson on Unsplash"> </a> </div> <div class="topics-columns-item-text"> <div class="eyebrow">Contracts &amp; Subcontracts</div> <h3 class="h5 "> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/who-is-entitled-to-sovereign-immunity" class="topics-columns-item-link">Who is entitled to sovereign immunity?</a> </h3> <p>An engineering firm argued that it should be dismissed from a case. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topics-columns-references-3"> <div class="topics-columns-item"> <div class="topics-columns-item-img-container"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/collapse-proof-seismic-design" class="topics-columns-item-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/09-september-2024/cep-staying-sharp-collapse-proof-seismic-design/page-18.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=210&amp;ch=148&amp;hash=52914E7BDB22C7BAF1263D16004072E9" alt="Image shows the aftermath of an earthquake with collapsed and partially collapsed structures. "> </a> </div> <div class="topics-columns-item-text"> <div class="eyebrow">Earthquake &amp; Tsumani</div> <h3 class="h5 "> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/collapse-proof-seismic-design" class="topics-columns-item-link">Collapse-proof seismic design</a> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="topics-columns-item"> <div class="topics-columns-item-img-container"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/cities-of-the-future-shows-how-civil-engineers-impact-society" class="topics-columns-item-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2023/13-reoccurring-art/wish-id-knownsara-kurig-gu1qhosb91m-unsplash-copy-resized.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=210&amp;ch=148&amp;hash=5570899A9449B9597916B53D4A559C80" alt="Photo by Sara Kurig on Unsplash"> </a> </div> <div class="topics-columns-item-text"> <div class="eyebrow">Career Development</div> <h3 class="h5 "> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/cities-of-the-future-shows-how-civil-engineers-impact-society" class="topics-columns-item-link">&#39;Cities of the Future&#39; shows how civil engineers impact society</a> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="topics-columns-item"> <div class="topics-columns-item-img-container"> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/the-renewable-energy-source-right-beneath-our-feet" class="topics-columns-item-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/09-september-2024/cep-technology-the-renewable-energy-source-right-beneath-our-feet/page-24.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=210&amp;ch=148&amp;hash=8A3438AC2C0EAC1E52CC5B3BC427B4FF" alt="Image shows a person walking on hexagon-shaped tiles. "> </a> </div> <div class="topics-columns-item-text"> <div class="eyebrow">Materials</div> <h3 class="h5 "> <a href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/the-renewable-energy-source-right-beneath-our-feet" class="topics-columns-item-link">The renewable energy source right beneath our feet</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- components/columns-slider/columns-slider.twig --> <div class="columns-slider " > <div class="columns-slider-intro"> <h2 class="h3">More from the magazine</h2> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slides" data-images=true> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/05-may-2024/cep-feature-changing-the-message-about-engineering-can-lead-to-world-changing-outcomes/42-messages.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=BC24E1893EBA930D9876543202995965" alt="Little girl in turquoise shirt and pink sweater stares off into the distance. She is standing in front of a chalkboard like background that has buildings of various sizes on it. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" target="_blank" title="Changing the message about engineering can lead to world-changing outcomes" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/05/changing-the-message-about-engineering-can-lead-to-world-changing-outcomes">Changing the message about engineering can lead to world-changing outcomes</a> </h3> <p>What is the engineering community doing to attract students to engineering? </p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/05-may-2024/cep-feature-civil-engineers-have-immense-creative-potential/54-creativity.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=01860044286FC2826100725D5B4EC66F" alt="Illustration shows a face in profile covered in different colors. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" target="_blank" title="Civil engineers have immense creative potential" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/05/civil-engineers-have-immense-creative-potential">Civil engineers have immense creative potential</a> </h3> <p>Creativity is a key component of the civil engineer’s arsenal. </p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/03-march-2024/cep-feature-engineers-artists-bring-future-cities-to-life-in-stunning-cgi/38-cgi.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=E74F62FD6983324F59A010E4E28DA1A8" alt="A drone flies through the skyline of a futuristic city while a 3D printer creates building materials. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" target="_blank" title="Engineers, artists bring future cities to life in stunning CGI" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/03/engineers-artists-bring-future-cities-to-life-in-stunning-cgi">Engineers, artists bring future cities to life in stunning CGI</a> </h3> <p>Civil engineers worked closely with computer-generated imaging artists to make “Cities of...</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/01-january-2024/cep-feature-engineers-are-essential-to-help-transit-agencies-electrify-fleets/50-ev.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=C600DBD3598B55730CE74127BB37C644" alt="The photograph shows electric buses beneath a canopy structure. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" target="_blank" title="Engineers are essential to help transit agencies electrify fleets" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/01/engineers-are-essential-to-help-transit-agencies-electrify-fleets">Engineers are essential to help transit agencies electrify fleets</a> </h3> <p>From new structures to fire safety concerns, civil engineers are assisting transit...</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="publications-promo "> <div class="publications-promo-inner"> <div class="publications-promo-left"> <div class="publications-promo-image"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/14-covers/july-aug-2024-covers/vertical-cover.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=408&amp;ch=556&amp;hash=9D2493A244503A33ACA9F8BF4AB72EEE" alt="Satellite image of a hurricane making landfall in Florida."> </div> </div> <div class="publications-promo-right"> <div class="publications-promo-content"> <h2 class="h4 publications-promo-heading">July/August 2024 print issue</h2> <p class="publications-promo-description">• How a Florida town survived its trial-by-hurricane<br/>• Wildfire model captures network relationship <br/>• Climate change creates new risks of flooding and storms<br/>• Civil engineers are critical in disaster recovery efforts</p> <div class="intro-panel-secondary-link"> <a class="btn publications-promo-button" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/julyaugust2024print" title="July August 2024 Issue">Read the issue</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- components/columns-slider/columns-slider.twig --> <div class="columns-slider "> <div class="columns-slider-intro"> <h2 class="h3">From the archives</h2> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slides" data-images=true> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/09-september-2024/cep-history-lesson-huey-p-long-bridge-in-new-orleans-solved-a-big-transportation-problem/32.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=AE99EEDF966596F04EA5776E24719400" alt="Photo shows a steel bridge with concrete piers. The bridge spans a river. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/09/huey-p-long-bridge-in-new-orleans-solved-a-big-transportation-problem">Huey P. Long Bridge in New Orleans solved a big transportation problem </a> </h3> <p>Completed in December 1935, the bridge combines a highway and railroad tracks. </p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/07-july-2024/cep-history-lesson-engineers-and-steel-took-seattles-space-needle-skyward/page-40-history-lesson.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=87545601A6388038B7EA88DC50A3067F" alt="Photograph shows a structure with tall steel columns that taper in near the midsection with a saucer-like top lit up at night and surrounded by other buildings. The columns are connected to a central core. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/07/engineers-and-steel-took-seattles-space-needle-skyward">Engineers and steel took Seattle’s Space Needle skyward</a> </h3> <p>1962 World’s Fair attraction turned catalogue-ordered beams into a 600 ft icon. </p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/05-may-2024/cep-history-lesson-the-first-new-york-city-subway-delivers-speed/28-history-lesson.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=6C35D7993830F39F18E5ADDBCB70D09E" alt="Photograph shows the interior of a subway station—its tracks and decorative ceiling tiles. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/05/the-first-new-york-city-subway-delivers-speed">The first New York City subway delivers speed</a> </h3> <p>Innovative construction brought the rail to life. </p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/03-march-2024/cep-history-lesson-ingenious-design-helps-californias-crystal-springs-dam-stand-strong/32-history-lesson.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=22ED1D61F95F0AA1AF350CA7BADC0A4E" alt="Picture shows a black and white image of water rushing over the edge of a dam. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/03/ingenious-design-helps-californias-crystal-springs-dam-stand-strong">Ingenious design helps California’s Crystal Springs Dam stand strong</a> </h3> <p>Its interlocking concrete block system enhances concrete’s structural stability. </p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2024/01-january-2024/cep-history-lesson-new-explosives-pneumatic-drills-aid-decadeslong-tunnel-construction/32-history-lesson.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=9F24074AEE5112D654555B1D7F3A926B" alt="Men stand outside a railroad tunnel. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2024/01/new-explosives-pneumatic-drills-aid-decadeslong-tunnel-construction">New explosives, pneumatic drills aid decadeslong tunnel construction </a> </h3> <p>It took nearly 25 years to cut a railroad tunnel through the Hoosac Range. </p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2023/11-november/cep-history-lesson-flood-protection-system-tamed-ohios-miami-river/40-history-lesson.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=E50E9DB6115E70A50E3454D09F9BD452" alt="Two images are shown: a black and white photo of a flooded street and a color photo of a portion of a river in the foreground with a bridge and buildings in the background. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2023/11/flood-protection-system-tamed-ohios-miami-river">History Lesson: Flood-protection system tamed Ohio’s Miami River</a> </h3> <p>The Miami Conservancy District’s infrastructure has stood the test of time. </p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2023/09-september/cep-history-lesson-nineteenth-century-potomac-river-canal-project-was-ambitious-costly/36-history-lesson.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=D2024B3C5F4C5CE69BCE2BBDDDF0527C" alt="An abandoned canal with overgrown grass and brush. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2023/09/19th-century-potomac-river-canal-project-was-ambitious-costly">19th-century Potomac River canal project was ambitious, costly </a> </h3> <p>The Patowmack Canal made a 218 mi stretch of the river navigable.</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2023/07-july/cep-history-lesson-overhaul-of-historic-uk-bridge-preserves-form-function/26-history-lesson.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=CE9DF189A0E04D9E30257E5CC5029B08" alt="A sepia-toned picture shows the deck and piers of a bridge that spans a body of water. The suspension system comprises iron rods and chains. "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2023/07/overhaul-of-historic-uk-bridge-preserves-form-function">Overhaul of historic UK bridge preserves form, function</a> </h3> <p>The Union Chain Bridge has a new suspension system and timber deck. </p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2023/07-july/cep-history-lesson-overhaul-of-historic-uk-bridge-preserves-form-function/32-history-lesson.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=52CAF8AFAE6A2E8814D77C9429E61900" alt="A tall masonry pier is shown in the foreground. Iron chains weave through the top of the pillar to attach to the ground on one side and a bridge suspension system on the other. In the background can be seen the other pillar the chains attach to."> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2023/07/behind-the-union-chain-bridges-historic-landmark-status">Behind the Union Chain Bridge’s historic landmark status</a> </h3> <p>Ted Green, P.E., M.ASCE, has a passion for a piece of United Kingdom history.</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2023/05-may/cep-history-lesson-arboretum-in-illinois-is-a-living-museum-5-1-23/28-history-lesson.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=DD21291D2B84BA0E61F15AF8E53C9833" alt="Photo shows a body of water surrounded by trees."> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2023/05/arboretum-in-illinois-is-a-living-museum">History Lesson: Arboretum in Illinois is a living museum</a> </h3> <p>Designers used engineering solutions to fashion the site from flat farmland.</p> </div> </div> </div> <!-- components/columns-slider/columns-slider.twig --> <div class="columns-slider " > <div class="columns-slider-intro"> <h2 class="h3">Long reads that dig deep</h2> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slides" data-images=true> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2023/09-september/ceo-tampa-wastewater-upgrade-features-major-microtunnel-project-9-21-23/image-4-copy.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=5FBE9311C902B6C9DFB0F9154AC2C8FE" alt="Workers stage the cutting head module in preparation for launch. (Image courtesy of Kimmins Contracting Corp.) "> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" target="_blank" title="Tampa wastewater upgrade features major microtunnel project" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/article/2023/09/tampa-wastewater-upgrade-features-major-microtunnel-project">Tampa wastewater upgrade features major microtunnel project</a> </h3> <p>Microtunneling enables critical new force main to avoid densely populated area.</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2023/06-june/ceo-designing-the-uks-first-large-shell-structure-in-25-years-6-15-23/firstlightpavilion09award-copyjpg-resized.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=2B21651B7EDBA620C883341A7179DBF1" alt="Curved walls lead to the main entrance. (Image courtesy of Hufton + Crow)"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" target="_blank" title="Designing the UK’s first large shell structure in 25 years" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/article/2023/06/designing-the-uks-first-large-shell-structure-in-25-years">Designing the UK’s first large shell structure in 25 years</a> </h3> <p>The 50 m diameter concrete shell honors the U.K.’s famed Lovell Telescope. </p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2022/09-september/ceo-san-franciscos-presidio-tunnel-tops-park-opens-9-1-22/13-ptt--aerial-drone-image-copy-resized.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=3517DC53AD11C0DBFB1C62C07DB8AAB7" alt="AERIAL OF PRESIDIO TUNNEL TOPS PARK"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" target="_blank" title="San Francisco’s Presidio Tunnel Tops park opens " href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/article/2022/09/san-franciscos-presidio-tunnel-tops-park-opens">San Francisco’s Presidio Tunnel Tops park opens </a> </h3> <p>The 14-acre park connects the Presidio to the waterfront — atop a highway.</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2022/03-march/cep-feature-california-river-and-floodplain-project-restores-natural-processes/50-golden-opportunity.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=748F9A786BD1AA22723CBFF32A72FD39" alt="California river and floodplain project restores natural processes"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" target="_blank" title="California river and floodplain project restores natural processes" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2022/03/california-river-and-floodplain-project-restores-natural-processes">California river and floodplain project restores natural processes</a> </h3> <p>Working to undo decades of ecological damage from mining, the project was...</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2022/01-january/cep-feature-how-to-make-infrastructure-more-resilient-against-climate-change/37-code-red-all-four.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=AFA2B68EE5F97CD3B444F21254A61FCB" alt="photograph showing fire in a forest, homes submerged by floods, cracked earth due to drought, and palm trees blowing in the wind"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" target="_blank" title="How to make infrastructure more resilient against climate change" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2022/01/how-to-make-infrastructure-more-resilient-against-climate-change">How to make infrastructure more resilient against climate change</a> </h3> <p>Civil engineers are promoting resiliency to ensure that the infrastructure they design...</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2021/01-january/cep-rockefeller-wildlife-refuge-1-2-21/62-refuge.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=43838F7BBE6705E5E1795DC838BC0C78" alt="breakwaters of a wildlife refuge"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" title="Breakwaters aim to halt ongoing erosion at coastal refuge" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2021/01/breakwaters-aim-to-halt-ongoing-erosion-at-coastal-refuge">Breakwaters aim to halt ongoing erosion at coastal refuge</a> </h3> <p>A new series of breakwaters in southwestern Louisiana features an innovative, lightweight...</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2021/11-november/cep-feature-north-texas-creek-reconfigured-to-follow-natures-original-design-11-1-21/52-willow-branch.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=795A7C5A15CD2AEE19D617CF55CF85D1" alt="flooded creek and channel amidst green fields and trees"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" target="_blank" title="North Texas creek reconfigured to follow natures original design " href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2021/11/north-texas-creek-reconfigured-to-follow-natures-original-design">North Texas creek reconfigured to follow natures original design </a> </h3> <p>A comprehensive environmental restoration effort in North Texas has led to the...</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2021/03-march/cep-modern-roundabouts-3-3-21/34-roundabouts.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=BD1A9F8872BD28E174A5A28363A91EA7" alt="circular road with cars on it and green space in the middle"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" title="Modern roundabouts boost traffic safety and efficiency" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2021/03/modern-roundabouts-boost-traffic-safety-and-efficiency">Modern roundabouts boost traffic safety and efficiency</a> </h3> <p>The modern roundabout keeps traffic moving more safely and efficiently. Studies even...</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2021/09-september/cep-feature-who-needs-to-learn-more-about-safety-9-1-21/54-safety-challenge.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=100B11EBC3E4277F1AA0D9F0FA6F1804" alt="man holding yellow hard hat under his arm"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" target="_blank" title="Who needs to learn more about safety? Engineers, say roundtable panelists" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2021/09/who-needs-to-learn-more-about-safety-engineers-say-roundtable-panelists">Who needs to learn more about safety? Engineers, say roundtable panelists</a> </h3> <p>Civil Engineering hosted a roundtable discussion among experts who stressed the need...</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2020/11-november/cep-lessons-learned-beirut-11-4-20/48_49-lessons-learned.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=3D05A23464DECDAF0124E4B2E4436F7D" alt="destroyed and roofless buildings after a fire and subsequent explosion"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" title="Lessons learned in the Beirut blast" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2020/11/lessons-learned-in-the-beirut-blast">Lessons learned in the Beirut blast</a> </h3> <p>Experts compared established projections with the actual damage from the blast at...</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2020/12-december/cep-nuclear-deconstruction-12-1-20/60-nuclear.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=F7B723AFF02C9B7F339972FB14DA1CAA" alt="man in biohazard gear"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" title="US Army Corps deconstructs nuclear facilities carefully" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2020/12/us-army-corps-deconstructs-nuclear-facilities-carefully">US Army Corps deconstructs nuclear facilities carefully</a> </h3> <p>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently decommissioned and dismantled a nuclear...</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2021/01-january/cep-wildfires-1-2-21/42-fire-and-water.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=B9A91842FADBBC170BA783B66C30E3A7" alt="hillside burned from wildfires"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" title="Response team investigates wildfire damage to buried drinking water infrastructure" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2021/01/response-team-investigates-wildfire-damage-to-buried-drinking-water-infrastructure">Response team investigates wildfire damage to buried drinking water infrastructure</a> </h3> <p>A response team led an investigation into the damage sustained to Paradise,...</p> </div> <div class="columns-slider-slide js-link-event"> <div class="columns-slider-slide-img"> <img src="/-/media/asce-images-and-files/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-magazine/images/2020/12-december/cep-chase-center-san-fran-12-1-20/44-chase-feature-2.jpg?cx=0&amp;cy=0&amp;cw=425&amp;ch=300&amp;hash=C8668FA17BC600E2CF6B1B7CEA4BBA17" alt="new arena lit up at night"> </div> <h3 class="h5"> <a class="columns-slider-slide-title js-link-event-link" title="Chase Center arena in San Francisco excels above and below ground" href="/publications-and-news/civil-engineering-source/civil-engineering-magazine/issues/magazine-issue/article/2020/12/chase-center-arena-in-san-francisco-excels-above-and-below-ground">Chase Center arena in San Francisco excels above and below ground</a> </h3> <p>The opening of the Chase Center arena in San Francisco is the...</p> </div> </div> </div> <!-- components/promo-full-width/promo-full-width.twig --> <div class="promo-full-width"> <img class="dots" src="/assets/images/white-dots.svg" alt="ASCE dots"> <div class="promo-full-width-images"> <img src="/-/media/images/asce/content/standard/promo-full-width/promo-full-width-img1.jpg" alt="promo 1"> </div> <div class="promo-full-width-inner"> <h2 class="h4 -line-above -white">Subscribe to the Civil Engineering Source newsletter</h2> <p class="-white"><br/>Get essential news and perspectives from around the civil engineering industry every day, delivered straight to your inbox.<br/><br/>And because it uses an AI-driven publishing platform, your Source newsletter is personalized to your interests and career needs.</p> <a class="btn -green -external" title="digital print archives" href="https://info.asce.org/ce-source-subscribe">Subscribe</a> </div> </div> </div> </main> <!-- BEGIN NOINDEX --> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer-inner"> <div class="site-footer-top"> <nav class="site-footer-nav" aria-label="Footer Navigation"> <ul class="site-footer-nav-left"> <li><a href="/career-growth" target="">Career &amp; Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/publications-and-news" target="">Publication &amp; News</a></li> <li><a href="/education-and-events/explore-education" target="">Explore Education</a></li> <li><a href="/search/events---all" target="">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/communities" target="">Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/about-asce" target="">About ASCE</a></li> </ul> <ul class="site-footer-nav-right"> <li><a href="https://www.ascefoundation.org/how-to-give/online-gift" target="_blank">Donate</a></li> <li><a href="/membership/join" target="">Join</a></li> <li><a href="https://sp360.asce.org/PersonifyEbusiness/Membership/Renew-Membership.aspx" target="_blank">Renew</a></li> <li><a href="https://careers.asce.org/jobs" target="_blank">Jobs in civil engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/publications-and-news/newsroom" target="">For media inquiries</a></li> <li><a href="/help" target="">Help</a></li> <li> <a class="btn -small -gray site-footer-login" title="Login" href="https://sa360.asce.org/ASCEWebApp/SignIn/SignIn.aspx?ASCEURL=https://www.asce.org/">Login</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="site-footer-bottom"> <a href="https://www.asce.org " class="site-footer-logo"><img src="/-/media/images/asce/logos/logo-footer_1029.svg" alt="ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers"></a> <nav class="site-footer-contact" aria-label="Contact Links"> <ul> <li> <a href="tel:1-800-548-2723" class="site-footer-contact-link">800-548-2723 (ASCE)</a> </li> <li> <a href="tel:+1-703-295-6300" class="site-footer-contact-link"> 1-703-295-6300 (international)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/contact-us" target="" class="site-footer-contact-link">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="site-footer-social" aria-label="Social Media Links"> <ul> <li> <a class="icon-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ascetweets" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/americansocietyofcivilengineers" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">Linkedin</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/AmerSocCivilEng" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">YouTube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/asce_hq/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">Instagram</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="icon-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ASCE.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="sr-text">Facebook</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <button class="btn -gray -small site-footer-chat" onclick="toggleChat();"> <span>Chat</span> </button> <div class="site-footer-copyright"> <p>&#169; 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers</p> </div> <div class="site-footer-links"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about-asce/code-of-conduct" target="">Code of Conduct</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-asce/privacy" target="">Privacy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-asce/terms-conditions" target="">Terms &amp; Conditions</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <!-- END NOINDEX --> </div> <!-- BEGIN NOINDEX --> <!-- END NOINDEX --> <!-- BEGIN NOINDEX --> <!-- jQuery --> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- Sitecore form scripts --> <!-- Coveo Search Resources --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.cloud.coveo.com/searchui/v2.10110/css/CoveoFullSearch.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.cloud.coveo.com/coveoforsitecore/ui/v0.61.2/css/CoveoForSitecore.css" /> <script class="coveo-script" type="text/javascript" src='https://static.cloud.coveo.com/searchui/v2.10110/js/CoveoJsSearch.Lazy.min.js'></script> <script class="coveo-for-sitecore-script" type="text/javascript" src='https://static.cloud.coveo.com/coveoforsitecore/ui/v0.61.2/js/CoveoForSitecore.Lazy.min.js'></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.cloud.coveo.com/searchui/v2.10110/js/cultures/en.js"></script> <div> <!-- Resources --> <div id="SearchResourcesProperties_7294f01a25e84465b5f2d86df20e0708" class="CoveoForSitecoreContext" data-sc-should-have-analytics-component='true' data-sc-analytics-enabled='true' data-sc-current-language='en' data-prebind-sc-language-field-name='fieldTranslator' data-sc-language-field-name='_language' data-sc-labels='{&quot;Created&quot; : &quot;Created&quot; , &quot;Created By&quot; : &quot;Created by&quot; , &quot;Creation Time&quot; : &quot;Creation time.&quot; , &quot;Language&quot; : &quot;Language&quot; , &quot;Last Time Modified&quot; : &quot;Last time modified.&quot; , &quot;Template&quot; : &quot;Template&quot; , &quot;Uniform resource identifier&quot; : &quot;URI&quot; , &quot;Updated By&quot; : &quot;Updated by&quot; , &quot;If the problem persists contact the administrator.&quot; : &quot;If the problem persists contact the administrator.&quot; , &quot;Search is currently unavailable&quot; : &quot;Oops! Something went wrong on the server.&quot; , &quot;Ascending&quot; : &quot;Ascending&quot; , &quot;Descending&quot; : &quot;Descending&quot;}' data-sc-maximum-age='900000' data-sc-page-name='Civil Engineering Magazine' data-sc-page-name-full-path='/sitecore/content/ASCE/Home/Publications and news/Civil Engineering Source/Civil Engineering Magazine' data-sc-index-source-name='Coveo_web_index - asce-prod' data-sc-is-in-experience-editor='false' data-sc-is-user-anonymous='true' data-sc-item-uri='sitecore://web/{4100DAE2-E193-4CA0-BB94-463D96C68F62}?lang=en&amp;ver=665' data-sc-item-id='4100dae2-e193-4ca0-bb94-463d96c68f62' data-prebind-sc-latest-version-field-name='fieldTranslator' data-sc-latest-version-field-name='_latestversion' data-sc-rest-endpoint-uri='/coveo/rest' data-sc-analytics-endpoint-uri='/coveo/rest/ua' data-sc-site-name='asce' data-sc-field-prefix='f' data-sc-field-suffix='71375' data-sc-prefer-source-specific-fields='false' data-sc-external-fields='[{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;permanentid&quot;,&quot;shouldEscape&quot;:false}]' data-sc-source-specific-fields='[{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;attachmentparentid&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;author&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;clickableuri&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;collection&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;concepts&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;date&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;filetype&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;indexeddate&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;isattachment&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;language&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;printableuri&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;rowid&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;size&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;source&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;title&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;topparent&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;topparentid&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;transactionid&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;uri&quot;},{&quot;fieldName&quot;:&quot;urihash&quot;}]' > </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var endpointConfiguration = { itemUri: "sitecore://web/{4100DAE2-E193-4CA0-BB94-463D96C68F62}?lang=en&amp;ver=665", siteName: "asce", restEndpointUri: "/coveo/rest" }; if (typeof (CoveoForSitecore) !== "undefined") { CoveoForSitecore.SearchEndpoint.configureSitecoreEndpoint(endpointConfiguration); CoveoForSitecore.version = "5.0.1277.4"; var context = document.getElementById("SearchResourcesProperties_7294f01a25e84465b5f2d86df20e0708"); if (!!context) { CoveoForSitecore.Context.configureContext(context); } } </script> </div> <!-- END NOINDEX --> <!-- Custom JavaScript --> <script src="/assets/js/bundle.js?v=jag14uom16kbtna"></script> <!-- Genesys chat --> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> (function (g, e, n, es, ys) { g['_genesysJs'] = e; g[e] = g[e] || function () { (g[e].q = g[e].q || []).push(arguments) }; g[e].t = 1 * new Date(); g[e].c = es; ys = document.createElement('script'); ys.async = 1; ys.src = n; ys.charset = 'utf-8'; document.head.appendChild(ys); })(window, 'Genesys', 'https://apps.mypurecloud.com/genesys-bootstrap/genesys.min.js', { environment: 'prod', deploymentId: '983b6a35-ab1c-4bad-aaef-67f26abab2cc' }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function toggleChat() { Genesys("command", "Messenger.open", {}, function (o) { }, // if resolved function (o) { // if rejected Genesys("command", "Messenger.close"); } ); } </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10