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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_fiddler,_Strabane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_654143.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/The_fiddler%2C_Strabane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_654143.jpg/193px-The_fiddler%2C_Strabane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_654143.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/The_fiddler%2C_Strabane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_654143.jpg/290px-The_fiddler%2C_Strabane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_654143.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/The_fiddler%2C_Strabane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_654143.jpg/386px-The_fiddler%2C_Strabane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_654143.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The Fiddler, Strabane</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>fiddle</b> is one of the most important instruments in the traditional repertoire of <a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Irish traditional music</a>. The fiddle itself is identical to the <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>, however it is played differently in widely varying regional styles. In the era of sound recording some regional styles have been transmitted more widely while others have become more uncommon. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_performers">Contemporary performers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_fiddle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Contemporary performers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern performers include: <a href="/wiki/Liz_Carroll" title="Liz Carroll">Liz Carroll</a> (All-Ireland Junior and Senior Fiddle Champion); <a href="/wiki/John_Carty_(musician)" title="John Carty (musician)">John Carty</a>; Brian Conway; <a href="/wiki/Matt_Cranitch" title="Matt Cranitch">Matt Cranitch</a>; Desi Donnelly; <a href="/wiki/Martin_Fay" title="Martin Fay">Martin Fay</a>; <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Gavin_(musician)" title="Frankie Gavin (musician)">Frankie Gavin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cathal_Hayden" title="Cathal Hayden">Cathal Hayden</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Burke_(musician)" title="Kevin Burke (musician)">Kevin Burke</a>; <a href="/wiki/Martin_Hayes_(musician)" title="Martin Hayes (musician)">Martin Hayes</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Ivers" title="Eileen Ivers">Eileen Ivers</a> (9-time All-Ireland Fiddle Champion); <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Keane_(fiddler)" title="Seán Keane (fiddler)">Seán Keane (fiddler)</a>; Maurice Lennon; <a href="/wiki/Andy_McGann" title="Andy McGann">Andy McGann</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sean_McGuire_(fiddler)" title="Sean McGuire (fiddler)">Sean McGuire</a>; <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3nal_O%27Connor" title="Dónal O'Connor">Dónal O'Connor</a>; Brendan Mulvihill; <a href="/wiki/Gerry_O%27Connor_(fiddle_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerry O'Connor (fiddle player)">Gerry O'Connor</a>; <a href="/wiki/Caoimh%C3%ADn_%C3%93_Raghallaigh" title="Caoimhín Ó Raghallaigh">Caoimhín Ó Raghallaigh</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Peoples" title="Tommy Peoples">Tommy Peoples</a>; Bridget Regan; Marie Reilly; Paul Shaughnessy; <a href="/wiki/Sean_Smyth" class="mw-redirect" title="Sean Smyth">Sean Smyth</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Sheahan" title="John Sheahan">John Sheahan</a>; Fergal Scahill. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sligo" title="Sligo">Sligo</a> fiddlers like <a href="/wiki/James_Morrison_(fiddler)" title="James Morrison (fiddler)">James Morrison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Coleman_(Irish_musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Coleman (Irish musician)">Michael Coleman</a> did much to popularise Irish music in the United States in the 1920s. More recently <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gorman_(musician)" title="Michael Gorman (musician)">Michael Gorman</a> was also a huge influence. <a href="/wiki/Donegal_(town)" title="Donegal (town)">Donegal</a> fiddler <a href="/wiki/John_Doherty_(musician)" title="John Doherty (musician)">John Doherty</a> came from a large family of fiddlers. He travelled all over Ireland, developing an encyclopedic knowledge of fiddle tunes. He was one of the last of the travelling fiddlers. He had a large body of knowledge of Scottish (especially marches and highlands) music as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_fiddle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1674 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Head" title="Richard Head">Richard Head</a> wrote in reference to Ireland ‘On Sundays: In every field a fiddle, and the girls footing until they foam up’. suggesting the modern fiddle was already present in Ireland. Reference to the Irish fiddle can also be found in John Dunton's <i><a href="/wiki/Teague_Land" title="Teague Land">Teague Land: or A Merry Ramble to the Wild Irish</a></i> (1698) he says “on Sundays and Holydays, all the people resorted with the piper and fiddler to the village green" <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dineley" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Dineley">Thomas Dineley</a> visited Ireland in 1680 he says in regards to music "with piper, harper, or fidler, revell and dance the night throughout"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There's a 17th century reference to children in Cork being taught the Irish fiddle<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the fiddle was being mass-produced in Ireland, as opposed to more local makers, starting in Dublin, with the likes of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Perry_(luthier)" title="Thomas Perry (luthier)">Thomas Perry (luthier)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molineux_(luthier)" title="Thomas Molineux (luthier)">Thomas Molineux (luthier)</a> and John Neal they heavily based their craft on the English violin makers and most were imported into dublin from England<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An instrument was excavated during the 18th century in Dublin that was dated from the 11th century, it was made of dogwood with an animal carved on its tip, it was believed to have been the oldest bow in the world, however it's unclear what instrument the bow belonged too. There may also be a reference to the Irish fiddle in the book of Leinster (ca. 1160)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style">Style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_fiddle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compared to classical violin, Irish fiddler tend to make little use of <a href="/wiki/Vibrato" title="Vibrato">vibrato</a> except for slow <a href="/wiki/Air_(music)" title="Air (music)">airs</a>, and even then it is used relatively sparingly. Like the rest of Irish traditional music tradition, melodies are embellished through forms of <a href="/wiki/Ornament_(music)" title="Ornament (music)">ornamentation</a>, such as rolls, trebles, and cuts. </p><p>Irish fiddlers also use a vocabulary of bow <a href="/wiki/Slur_(music)" title="Slur (music)">slurs</a> different from other fiddle traditions, at least in proportion of usage. Most notably, fiddlers often slur into the beat to produce a certain lilt, not unlike the Newcastle hornpipe style of bowing in England and Scotland, though the technique in Ireland is not restricted to <a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">hornpipes</a>. They may also slur over beats in such a pattern as to create a natural <a href="/wiki/Back-beat" class="mw-redirect" title="Back-beat">back-beat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reel_(dance)" title="Reel (dance)">reels</a>. </p><p>Slow airs are occasionally played upon the fiddle, but the style is best known for fast, snappy reels and jigs. Strathspeys, popular in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_fiddling" title="Scottish fiddling">Scottish Fiddle</a> are seldom played, as such, but there are some tunes which amply utilized dotted rhythm. Some tunes are: </p> <ul><li>The Wind That Shakes The Barley</li> <li>The Humours Of Lissadell</li> <li>The Maid Behind The Bar</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_styles">Regional styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_fiddle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regional styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Sliabh_Luachra" title="Sliabh Luachra">Sliabh Luachra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donegal_fiddle_tradition" title="Donegal fiddle tradition">Donegal fiddle traditions</a>. </p><p>In Irish fiddling there are few known composers, as many tunes have been taught by ear and passed down from one generation to another. Also, many players adjusted tunes to suit their style and taste, so there can be many variations for a particular tune. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_fiddle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Folk music of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donegal_fiddle_tradition" title="Donegal fiddle tradition">Donegal fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_fiddling" title="Scottish fiddling">Scottish fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_fiddle" title="Canadian fiddle">Canadian fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_fiddle" title="American fiddle">American fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_fiddlers" title="Category:Irish fiddlers">Category:Irish fiddlers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_fiddle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShirleyDinelyPrendergast1856" class="citation journal cs1">Shirley, Evelyn Philip; Dinely, Thomas; Prendergast, John P. (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25502503">"Extracts from the Journal of Thomas Dineley, Esquire, Giving Some Account of His Visit to Ireland in the Reign of Charles II"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Kilkenny and South-East of Ireland Archaeological Society</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 143–188. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25502503">25502503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Kilkenny+and+South-East+of+Ireland+Archaeological+Society&rft.atitle=Extracts+from+the+Journal+of+Thomas+Dineley%2C+Esquire%2C+Giving+Some+Account+of+His+Visit+to+Ireland+in+the+Reign+of+Charles+II&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=143-188&rft.date=1856&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25502503%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Shirley&rft.aufirst=Evelyn+Philip&rft.au=Dinely%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Prendergast%2C+John+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25502503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVallely1999" class="citation book cs1">Vallely, Fintan (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/companiontoirish00vall/page/122/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>The companion to Irish traditional music</i></a>. Cork University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85918-148-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85918-148-5"><bdi>978-1-85918-148-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+companion+to+Irish+traditional+music&rft.pub=Cork+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85918-148-5&rft.aulast=Vallely&rft.aufirst=Fintan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompaniontoirish00vall%2Fpage%2F122%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/15773/1/John%20Keneth%20Rice-08.03.2022%2016-12-02.pdf">https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/15773/1/John%20Keneth%20Rice-08.03.2022%2016-12-02.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ouririshheritage.org/content/archive/topics/miscellaneous/irish-musical-instruments-2">"Irish Musical Instruments"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irish+Musical+Instruments&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ouririshheritage.org%2Fcontent%2Farchive%2Ftopics%2Fmiscellaneous%2Firish-musical-instruments-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographic_resources">Bibliographic resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_fiddle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliographic resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vallely, Fintan (1999). The Companion to Irish Traditional Music. Cork University Press. p. 2. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-8802-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-8802-5">0-8147-8802-5</a></li> <li>F. H. A. Aalen et al. (1997-07-19), Atlas of the Irish Rural Landscape (Hardcover), University of Toronto, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-4294-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-4294-1">978-0-8020-4294-1</a></li> <li>a b Fintan Vallely (1999). The Companion to Irish Traditional Music. New York University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-8802-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-8802-5">0-8147-8802-5</a>.</li> <li>a b Between the Jigs and the Reels: The Donegal Fiddle Tradition C Mac Aoidh - 1994 - Drumlin Publications</li> <li>Donegal and Shetland Fiddle Music D McLaughlin, Irish Traditional Music Society - 1992 - Irish Traditional Music Society, University College, Cork</li> <li>a b c Changing cultural landscapes: the co-existence of musical genres in Irish culture and education. M McCarthy - Irish Studies Review, 2004 - Taylor & Francis</li> <li>a b c McCarthy, M. (2004). Changing cultural landscapes: the co-existence of musical genres in Irish culture and education. Irish Studies Review. p. 134</li> <li>a b Michael Robinson. "The Fiddle Music of Donegal". The Standing Stones.</li> <li>Ken Perlman. "Sean McGuire: Master of The Irish Violin". The Irish Fiddle.</li> <li>a b c MacAoidh, C. (1994). Between the Jigs and the Reels: The Donegal Fiddle Tradition. Drumlin Publications. p. 125</li> <li>Tim McCarrick. "Famous Fiddlers, General Knowledge and Where to Get It Part Three". Mel Bay Publications, Inc.</li> <li>"Johnny Doherty". Rambling House. 2007-12-17.</li> <li>McLaughlin, D. (1992). Donegal and Shetland Fiddle Music. Irish Traditional Music Society. p. 58</li> <li>Larry Sanger. "The Donegal Fiddle Tradition". EFX Studio. Retrieved 2008-03-08.</li> <li>Feldman, Allen, and Eamonn O'Doherty. The Northern Fiddler: Music and Musicians of Donegal and Tyrone. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1979.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDromey" class="citation magazine cs1">Dromey, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folkmusic.net/htmfiles/inart537.htm">"Doctor Liz has many strings to her bow"</a>. <i>The Living Tradition</i>. No. 36<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Living+Tradition&rft.atitle=Doctor+Liz+has+many+strings+to+her+bow&rft.issue=36&rft.aulast=Dromey&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.folkmusic.net%2Fhtmfiles%2Finart537.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+fiddle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"Nuacht Vol. 8 No.4". County Donegal.</li> <li>Foy, Barry (March 1999). Field Guide to the Irish Music Session (Hardcover). Roberts Rinehart Publishers. p. 89. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57098-241-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57098-241-5">978-1-57098-241-5</a></li> <li>"The Donegal Fiddle". Irish Music Review.</li> <li>"Summer 2006". Fiddler Magazine. Archived from the original on June 15,</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_fiddle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Haigh, Chris (2009) <i>The Fiddle Handbook</i>; Irish fiddle. Milwaukee: Backbeat Books; pp. 29–51</li> <li>Mac Aoidh, Caoimhín (1984) "Aspects of Donegal and Kerry fiddling". <i>Ceol</i>; Vol. 7, nos. 1 & 2 (Dec. 1984), pp. 20–28.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_fiddle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mac Aoidh, Caoimhín. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080523190807/http://www.irishfiddle.com/article_on_styles3.html">"Regional Styles in Irish Fiddling - Part III"</a>. Retrieved September 6, 2005. The third (and final) part of this article lists the major fiddle styles of Ireland and describes them. (The first part covers the geography that helped separate different regions, and the second discusses exactly what makes a style distinct.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.floridamemory.com/Collections/folklife/folklife_cd2.cfm">Recording of fiddler James Kelly performing "Wellington's Reel" at the 1992 Florida Folk Festival (made available for public use by the State Archives of Florida)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myspace.com/tonydemarcomusic">Tony DeMarco's "My Space" site, with audio, video and photos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldmusicproject.com/allans.html">Allan's Irish Fiddler Collection</a> - tunes in MIDI, sheet music and other formats</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vashonceltictunes.net/irish/">Vashon Celtic Tunes</a> - with MIDI, sheet music and chords</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/r2music/folk/sessions/swf/folkmenu.html">BBC Virtual Session</a> - play reels, jigs and hornpipes online, with sheet music</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_dance" title="Template:Irish dance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_dance" title="Template talk:Irish dance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_dance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish dance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irish_dance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Irish dance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stepdance" title="Irish stepdance">Step dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_dance" title="Sean-nós dance">Sean-nós dance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_dance_in_United_States" title="Sean-nós dance in United States">in the United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Irish_dance" title="Festival Irish dance">Festival dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceili_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceili dance">Ceili dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_set_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish set dance">Set dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinkafadda" title="Rinkafadda">Rinnce Fada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ireland" title="Music of Ireland">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sub></span></span></span></span> and <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> dances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reel_(dance)" title="Reel (dance)">Reel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> dances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Single and double jig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treble_jig" title="Treble jig">Treble jig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haste_to_the_Wedding_(jig)" title="Haste to the Wedding (jig)">Haste to the Wedding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>9</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> dances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slip_jig" title="Slip jig">Slip jig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>12</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> dances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slide_(tune_type)" title="Slide (tune type)">Slide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed time</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Galway_Set" title="South Galway Set">South Galway Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Lancers_Set" title="Clare Lancers Set">Clare Lancers Set</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Coimisi%C3%BAn_Le_Rinc%C3%AD_Gaelacha" title="An Coimisiún Le Rincí Gaelacha">An Coimisiún Le Rincí Gaelacha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conradh_na_Gaeilge" title="Conradh na Gaeilge">Conradh na Gaeilge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Comhdh%C3%A1il_na_M%C3%BAinteoir%C3%AD_le_Rinc%C3%AD_Gaelacha" class="mw-redirect" title="An Comhdháil na Múinteoirí le Rincí Gaelacha">An Comhdháil na Múinteoirí le Rincí Gaelacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Irish_Dance_Association" title="World Irish Dance Association">World Irish Dance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhaltas_Ceolt%C3%B3ir%C3%AD_%C3%89ireann" title="Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann">Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_dance" title="Crossroads dance">Crossroads dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feis" title="Feis">Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_(Irish_dance)" title="Oireachtas (Irish dance)">Oireachtas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_Rince_na_Cruinne" title="Oireachtas Rince na Cruinne">Oireachtas Rince na Cruinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh" title="Cèilidh">Céilí</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shows and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Riverdance" title="Riverdance">Riverdance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Dance_(musical)" title="Lord of the Dance (musical)">Lord of the Dance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dancing_on_Dangerous_Ground" title="Dancing on Dangerous Ground">Dancing on Dangerous Ground</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feet_of_Flames" title="Feet of Flames">Feet of Flames</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Keltic_Dreams" title="The Keltic Dreams">The Keltic Dreams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional dancers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cara_Butler" title="Cara Butler">Cara Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Butler" title="Jean Butler">Jean Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiana_Coudray" title="Tiana Coudray">Tiana Coudray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Crouch" title="Dean Crouch">Dean Crouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Doyle" title="Joanne Doyle">Joanne Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Dunne" title="Colin Dunne">Colin Dunne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Flatley" title="Michael Flatley">Michael Flatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Flynn" title="Bernadette Flynn">Bernadette Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Furey" title="Dan Furey">Dan Furey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breand%C3%A1n_de_Galla%C3%AD" title="Breandán de Gallaí">Breandán de Gallaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Killoughery" title="Graham Killoughery">Graham Killoughery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lundon" title="Tony Lundon">Tony Lundon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCormack_(dancer)" title="Kevin McCormack (dancer)">Kevin McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3is%C3%ADn_Mullins" title="Róisín Mullins">Róisín Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daire_Nolan" title="Daire Nolan">Daire Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Norris" title="Gillian Norris">Gillian Norris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Dance_Halls_Act_1935" title="Public Dance Halls Act 1935">Public Dance Halls Act 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghillies (dance)">Soft shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stepdance#Hard_shoes" title="Irish stepdance">Hard shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jig_(film)" title="Jig (film)"><i>Jig</i> (2011 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irish_fiddle&oldid=1258224979">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irish_fiddle&oldid=1258224979</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_fiddlers" title="Category:Irish fiddlers">Irish 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