CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hachette v. Internet Archive - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e5d4672e-cf35-4117-95de-07e9a3bb536e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hachette_v._Internet_Archive","wgTitle":"Hachette v. Internet Archive","wgCurRevisionId":1270389488,"wgRevisionId":1270389488,"wgArticleId":73375628,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from April 2023","2023 in United States case law","Digital rights management","Fair use case law","Media case law","United States copyright case law","United States District Court for the Southern District of New York cases","Internet Archive","Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hachette_v._Internet_Archive","wgRelevantArticleId":73375628,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q117289685","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList", "mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.14"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/USDCSDNY.svg/1200px-USDCSDNY.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/USDCSDNY.svg/800px-USDCSDNY.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/USDCSDNY.svg/640px-USDCSDNY.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hachette v. Internet Archive - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachette_v._Internet_Archive"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachette_v._Internet_Archive"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hachette_v_Internet_Archive rootpage-Hachette_v_Internet_Archive skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hachette+v.+Internet+Archive" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hachette+v.+Internet+Archive" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hachette+v.+Internet+Archive" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hachette+v.+Internet+Archive" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lawsuit</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lawsuit-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lawsuit subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internet_Archive_press_conference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Archive_press_conference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Internet Archive press conference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Archive_press_conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expert_reports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expert_reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Expert reports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expert_reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_judgment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_judgment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Final judgment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_judgment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appeal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appeal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Appeal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appeal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other responses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_responses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other responses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Association_of_American_Publishers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_of_American_Publishers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Association of American Publishers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_of_American_Publishers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Hachette v. Internet Archive</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachette_v._Internet_Archive" title="Hachette v. Internet Archive – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hachette v. Internet Archive" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachette_vs._Internet_Archive" title="Hachette vs. Internet Archive – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hachette vs. Internet Archive" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117289685#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_v._Internet_Archive" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hachette_v._Internet_Archive" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_v._Internet_Archive"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hachette_v._Internet_Archive"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hachette_v._Internet_Archive" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hachette_v._Internet_Archive" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&oldid=1270389488" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&id=1270389488&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHachette_v._Internet_Archive"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHachette_v._Internet_Archive"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource badge-Q20748092 badge-proofread mw-list-item" title="proofread"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Hachette_Book_Group_v._Internet_Archive_(2023)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117289685" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2023 American court case</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251680060">.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-above{font-style:italic;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-red-header{background-color:red;color:white;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-green-header{background-color:green;color:white;font-weight:bold}</style><table class="infobox scotus ib-court-case"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Hachette Book Group, Inc. v. Internet Archive</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USDCSDNY.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/USDCSDNY.svg/150px-USDCSDNY.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/USDCSDNY.svg/225px-USDCSDNY.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/USDCSDNY.svg/300px-USDCSDNY.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="138" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full case name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i> Hachette Book Group Inc., et al. v. Internet Archive, et al. </i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Court membership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge sitting</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_G._Koeltl" title="John G. Koeltl">John G. Koeltl</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Hachette Book Group, Inc. v. Internet Archive</b></i>, No. 20-cv-4160 (JGK), 664 F.Supp.3d 370 (S.D.N.Y. 2023), WL 2623787 (S.D.N.Y. 2023), was a <a href="/wiki/Legal_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal case">case</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a> determined that the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>, a registered library, committed <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> by scanning and lending complete copies of certain books through <a href="/wiki/Controlled_digital_lending" title="Controlled digital lending">controlled digital lending</a> mechanisms. Stemming from the creation of the <a href="/wiki/National_Emergency_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Emergency Library">National Emergency Library</a> (NEL) during the onset of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, publishing companies <a href="/wiki/Hachette_Book_Group" title="Hachette Book Group">Hachette Book Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin Random House</a>, <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a> alleged that the Internet Archive's <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> and National Emergency Library facilitated copyright infringement of their books. </p><p>The case primarily concerns the <a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a> of <a href="/wiki/Controlled_digital_lending" title="Controlled digital lending">controlled digital lending</a> (CDL) of complete copies of certain books owned by the publishing companies that were party to the case. The case does not concern the display of short passages, limited page views, search results, books out of copyright, out of print, or books without an ebook version currently for sale.<sup id="cite_ref-TheVergeRuling_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheVergeRuling-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 25, 2023, the court ruled on the case.<sup id="cite_ref-CommonDreams_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonDreams-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2023, the parties reached a negotiated judgment, including a permanent injunction barring the Internet Archive from lending complete copies through CDL of some of the plaintiffs' books.<sup id="cite_ref-Rose_2023_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rose_2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision was upheld by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in September 2024, and the Internet Archive announced in December 2024 it would not challenge further.<sup id="cite_ref-DropsBattle_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DropsBattle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-End_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-End-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> is a non-profit organization and legally a library; it is governed by copyright laws specific to libraries. It is based in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>; the Archive maintains <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a>, a digital library index and lending system. As many of the works in the Internet Archive are under copyright, the Archive used a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_digital_lending" title="Controlled digital lending">controlled digital lending</a> (CDL) system, a practice that relies upon <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a> (DRM) to prevent unauthorized downloading or copying of copyrighted works. Open Library can generate digitized material (<a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">ebooks</a>) from print copy. The Open Library CDL system ensured that only one digital copy is in use for each print copy or otherwise authorized ebook copy available. </p><p>On March 24, 2020, following shutdowns caused by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the Internet Archive opened the <a href="/wiki/National_Emergency_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Emergency Library">National Emergency Library</a>, removing the waitlists used in Open Library and expanding access to these books for all readers. More than one user could borrow a book at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-KQED_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KQED-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mashable_Lovine_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mashable_Lovine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two months later, on June 1, the National Emergency Library (NEL) was met with a lawsuit from four book publishers. Two weeks after that, on June 16, the Internet Archive closed the NEL,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the prior Open Library CDL system resumed after the 12 weeks of NEL usage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lawsuit">Lawsuit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lawsuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 1, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Hachette_Book_Group" title="Hachette Book Group">Hachette Book Group</a> and other publishers, including <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin Random House</a>, <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>, filed a lawsuit against the Internet Archive for the National Emergency Library.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plaintiffs argued that the practice of CDL was illegal and not protected by the doctrine of fair use.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, they argued that the Internet Archive was not abiding by CDL, as it had acknowledged that its partner libraries were not always withdrawing their physical copies from their shelves.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By June 2022, both parties to the case requested <a href="/wiki/Summary_judgment" title="Summary judgment">summary judgment</a> for the case, each favoring their respective sides, which Judge <a href="/wiki/John_G._Koeltl" title="John G. Koeltl">John G. Koeltl</a> approved of a summary judgment hearing to take place later in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No summary judgment was issued, and instead a first hearing was held on March 20, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of the hearing, Koeltl appeared unmoved by the IA's fair use claims and unconvinced that the publishers' market for library e-books was not impacted by their practice.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 127 publishers' books in the suit are also available as ebooks from the publishers. The Internet Archive said afterwards it would appeal this ruling, but otherwise would continue other digital book services which have been previously cleared under case law, such as books for reading-impaired users.<sup id="cite_ref-TheVergeRuling_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheVergeRuling-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Senator <a href="/wiki/Thom_Tillis" title="Thom Tillis">Thom Tillis</a> of North Carolina, chairman of the intellectual property subcommittee on the Senate Judiciary Committee, said in a letter to the Internet Archive that he was "concerned that the Internet Archive thinks that it—not Congress—gets to determine the scope of copyright law".<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_lawsuit_june2020_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_lawsuit_june2020-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of its response to the publishers' lawsuit, in late 2020 the Archive launched a campaign called Empowering Libraries (hashtag #EmpoweringLibraries) that portrayed the lawsuit as a threat to all libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2021 <a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprint</a> article, Argyri Panezi argued that the case "presents two important, but separate questions related to the electronic access to library works; first, it raises questions around the legal practice of digital lending, and second, it asks whether emergency use of copyrighted material might be fair use" and argued that libraries have a public service role to enable "future generations to keep having equal access—or opportunities to access—a plurality of original sources".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Archive_press_conference">Internet Archive press conference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Internet Archive press conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly before oral arguments, the Internet Archive held a press conference with comments from several people who implied that the issues in this case were much broader than the 127 books specifically named in the suit.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All presenters agreed that book publishers need to make money to pay their expenses including authors. The question is whether the National Emergency Library (NEL) actually harmed the publishers. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Real_Page-Turner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A woman scanning a book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A_Real_Page-Turner.jpg/200px-A_Real_Page-Turner.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A_Real_Page-Turner.jpg/300px-A_Real_Page-Turner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A_Real_Page-Turner.jpg/400px-A_Real_Page-Turner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The Internet Archive's practice of scanning and lending books is central to <i>Hachette v. Internet Archive</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lila Bailey, Senior Policy Counsel for the Internet Archive,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> noted that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the past, publishers stood against microfilm and photocopiers, crying harm. They said they would be harmed by interlibrary loan. They lobbied for decades against libraries being allowed to provide access for the blind and print disabled. They were wrong. It took years, but eventually, the law affirmed each of these things, and the public benefitted. With this lawsuit, publishers have repeated those same claims of massive harm from controlled digital lending. ... When asked under oath, their own executives admitted this. ... [They even] instructed their own 950 dollar per hour expert not to even try to measure economic harm. ... On the other hand, when we invited economists from Northeastern University and the University of Copenhagen to look at the sales and library lending data produced in this case, they came to a singular conclusion: The Internet Archive's digital lending had no measurable effect on the market whatsoever.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Bailey's conclusion was supported by other speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harvard Law School Professor <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a> said that book publishers need to make a profit to serve the public, but the material available to the public should not be limited to what commercial enterprises find profitable. <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, for example, offers subscribers access to thousands of movies and television shows but routinely stops offering content for which the demand is too low. That doesn't happen with libraries. Without controlled digital lending, out-of-print books become essentially unavailable to the vast majority of humanity. "We need access to our past, not just the part of our past that is economically or commercially viable."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expert_reports">Expert reports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Expert reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An expert report filed with the court by Northeastern Econ Prof. Imke Reimers also reported that "sales in the first five years after an edition's publication account for up to 90% of lifetime sales."<sup id="cite_ref-Reimers_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reimers-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other side, University of Chicago computer science professor <a href="/wiki/Ian_Foster_(computer_scientist)" title="Ian Foster (computer scientist)">Ian Foster</a> reported that the Internet Archive's actual CDL practices sometimes violated their claims, lending out more copies than they physically had.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_judgment">Final judgment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Final judgment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judge John G. Koeltl ruled on March 24, 2023, granting the publishers' request.<sup id="cite_ref-188_opinion_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188_opinion-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He held that the Internet Archive's scanning and lending of complete copies constituted copyright infringement and that the Internet Archive's fair use defense failed all four factors of the "fair use test". He rejected the Archive's argument that their use was "transformative" in the sense of copyright law.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He further stated that "Even full enforcement of a one-to-one owned-to-loaned ratio, however, would not excuse IA's reproduction of the Works in Suit".<sup id="cite_ref-188_opinion_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188_opinion-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet Archive founder Brewster Kahle declared their intention to appeal the ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-CommonDreams_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonDreams-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Judge Koeltl issued a summary judgment in favor of the plaintiffs and against the defendant, he did not assess damages. Instead, he directed the parties to brief the court on how they thought the case should be resolved in a way that comports with the judge's decision.<sup id="cite_ref-188_opinion_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188_opinion-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deadline for this was extended several times;<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the final extension was granted on July 28, extending the deadline to August 11, 2023, with Judge Keoltl writing, "No further extensions."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 11, 2023, the parties reached a negotiated judgment. The agreement prescribes a permanent injunction preventing Internet Archive from loaning the plaintiffs' books in full through CDL, except those for which no e-book is currently available for sale from the publisher,<sup id="cite_ref-Rose_2023_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rose_2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as an undisclosed payment to the plaintiffs.<sup id="cite_ref-IA_August_2023_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IA_August_2023-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAP_August_2023_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAP_August_2023-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement also preserves the right for the Internet Archive to appeal the previous ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-IA_August_2023_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IA_August_2023-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAP_August_2023_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAP_August_2023-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the lawsuit, more than 500,000 books were made unavailable from loaning in full through CDL. The Internet Archive appealed to restore full CDL access to the affected books.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appeal">Appeal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Appeal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 11, 2023, the Internet Archive filed a notice which appealed the ruling to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_2023_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson_2023-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 15, 2023, the Internet Archive filed its opening brief in its appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-TF-20231218_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TF-20231218-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterwards, several other organizations filed <a href="/wiki/Friend_of_the_court" class="mw-redirect" title="Friend of the court">friend of the court</a> briefs.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oral_argument" title="Oral argument">oral argument</a> phase of the appeal occurred on June 28, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 4, 2024, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the lower court rulings. The court stated "On the one hand, eBook licensing fees may impose a burden on libraries and reduce access to creative work. On the other hand, authors have a right to be compensated in connection with the copying and distribution of their original creations. Congress balanced these 'competing claims upon the public interest' in the Copyright Act. We must uphold that balance here."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Internet Archive did not petition to have the case reviewed by the Supreme Court of the United States by the Second Circuit's deadline in December 2024, leaving the court injunction in place.<sup id="cite_ref-DropsBattle_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DropsBattle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-End_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-End-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_responses">Other responses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other responses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_of_American_Publishers">Association of American Publishers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Association of American Publishers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Publishers" title="Association of American Publishers">Association of American Publishers</a> released a press statement that said, "In celebrating the opinion, we also thank the thousands of public libraries across the country that serve their communities everyday [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] through lawful eBook licenses. We hope the opinion will prove educational to the defendant and anyone else who finds public laws inconvenient to their own interests."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AAP has been critical of the Internet Archive for suggesting that libraries engage in the same practices that they do, arguing that only 13 public libraries in the US had cooperated with the Open Library.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group_v._Internet_Archive" title="Universal Music Group v. Internet Archive">Universal Music Group v. Internet Archive</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Authors_Guild,_Inc._v._Google,_Inc." title="Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.">Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Authors_Guild,_Inc._v._HathiTrust" title="Authors Guild, Inc. v. HathiTrust">Authors Guild, Inc. v. HathiTrust</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 37.5em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TheVergeRuling-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TheVergeRuling_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheVergeRuling_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPetersHollister2023" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Jay; Hollister, Sean (March 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/24/23655804/internet-archive-hatchette-publisher-ebook-library-lawsuit">"The Internet Archive has lost its first fight to scan and lend e-books like a library"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325001705/https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/24/23655804/internet-archive-hatchette-publisher-ebook-library-lawsuit">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+Internet+Archive+has+lost+its+first+fight+to+scan+and+lend+e-books+like+a+library&rft.date=2023-03-24&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.au=Hollister%2C+Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2023%2F3%2F24%2F23655804%2Finternet-archive-hatchette-publisher-ebook-library-lawsuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CommonDreams-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CommonDreams_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CommonDreams_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbett2023" class="citation web cs1">Corbett, Jessica (March 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commondreams.org/news/internet-archive-publishers-copyright-libraries">"Internet Archive to Appeal 'Chilling' Federal Ruling Against Digital Books"</a>. <i>Common Dreams</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Common+Dreams&rft.atitle=Internet+Archive+to+Appeal+%27Chilling%27+Federal+Ruling+Against+Digital+Books&rft.date=2023-03-25&rft.aulast=Corbett&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commondreams.org%2Fnews%2Finternet-archive-publishers-copyright-libraries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rose_2023-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rose_2023_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rose_2023_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2023" class="citation web cs1">Rose, Meredith Filak (August 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicknowledge.org/some-unexpected-sanity-in-the-hachette-v-internet-archive-lawsuit/">"Some Unexpected Sanity in the Hachette v. Internet Archive Lawsuit"</a>. Public Knowledge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Some+Unexpected+Sanity+in+the+Hachette+v.+Internet+Archive+Lawsuit&rft.pub=Public+Knowledge&rft.date=2023-08-21&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Meredith+Filak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublicknowledge.org%2Fsome-unexpected-sanity-in-the-hachette-v-internet-archive-lawsuit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DropsBattle-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DropsBattle_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DropsBattle_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFItalie2024" class="citation web cs1">Italie, Hillel (December 6, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/internet-archive-free-ebooks-morrison-salinger-e26a88496202b396015c555dca429b9b">"Online library drops its legal battle to provide free e-books without publishers' permission"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Online+library+drops+its+legal+battle+to+provide+free+e-books+without+publishers%27+permission&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft.aulast=Italie&rft.aufirst=Hillel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Finternet-archive-free-ebooks-morrison-salinger-e26a88496202b396015c555dca429b9b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-End-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-End_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-End_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeland2024" class="citation web cs1">Freeland, Chris (December 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.archive.org/2024/12/04/end-of-hachette-v-internet-archive/">"End of Hachette v. Internet Archive"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=End+of+Hachette+v.+Internet+Archive&rft.pub=Internet+Archive&rft.date=2024-12-04&rft.aulast=Freeland&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.archive.org%2F2024%2F12%2F04%2Fend-of-hachette-v-internet-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KQED-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KQED_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2024" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Sydney (September 10, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kqed.org/news/12003819/internet-archives-open-library-faces-uncertain-future-after-court-sides-with-publishers">"Internet Archive's Open Library Faces Uncertain Future After Court Sides With Publishers"</a>. <i>www.kqed.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.kqed.org&rft.atitle=Internet+Archive%E2%80%99s+Open+Library+Faces+Uncertain+Future+After+Court+Sides+With+Publishers&rft.date=2024-09-10&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Sydney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kqed.org%2Fnews%2F12003819%2Finternet-archives-open-library-faces-uncertain-future-after-court-sides-with-publishers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mashable_Lovine-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mashable_Lovine_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovine2023" class="citation news cs1">Lovine, Anna (March 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mashable.com/article/internet-archive-lawsuit">"Internet Archive loses first ruling in copyright lawsuit"</a>. <i>Mashable</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=Internet+Archive+loses+first+ruling+in+copyright+lawsuit&rft.date=2023-03-25&rft.aulast=Lovine&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2Farticle%2Finternet-archive-lawsuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke2023" class="citation web cs1">Brooke, Rachel (March 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230323073020/https://www.authorsalliance.org/2023/03/20/judge-hears-oral-arguments-in-hachette-book-group-v-internet-archive/">"Judge Hears Oral Arguments in Hachette Book Group v. Internet Archive"</a>. <i>Authors Alliance</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.authorsalliance.org/2023/03/20/judge-hears-oral-arguments-in-hachette-book-group-v-internet-archive/">the original</a> on March 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Authors+Alliance&rft.atitle=Judge+Hears+Oral+Arguments+in+Hachette+Book+Group+v.+Internet+Archive&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.authorsalliance.org%2F2023%2F03%2F20%2Fjudge-hears-oral-arguments-in-hachette-book-group-v-internet-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2020" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Elizabeth (June 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/books/internet-archive-emergency-library-coronavirus.html">"Publishers Sue Internet Archive Over Free E-Books"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200612122012/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/books/internet-archive-emergency-library-coronavirus.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Publishers+Sue+Internet+Archive+Over+Free+E-Books&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F01%2Fbooks%2Finternet-archive-emergency-library-coronavirus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325094238/https://www.eff.org/cases/hachette-v-internet-archive">"Hachette v. Internet Archive"</a>. <i>Electronic Frontier Foundation</i>. October 9, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/cases/hachette-v-internet-archive">the original</a> on March 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Frontier+Foundation&rft.atitle=Hachette+v.+Internet+Archive&rft.date=2020-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Fcases%2Fhachette-v-internet-archive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2023" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Adi (March 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325001529/https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/20/23641457/internet-archive-hachette-lawsuit-court-copyright-fair-use">"The Internet Archive is defending its digital library in court today"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/20/23641457/internet-archive-hachette-lawsuit-court-copyright-fair-use">the original</a> on March 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+Internet+Archive+is+defending+its+digital+library+in+court+today&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Adi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2023%2F3%2F20%2F23641457%2Finternet-archive-hachette-lawsuit-court-copyright-fair-use&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbanese2022" class="citation web cs1">Albanese, Andrew (September 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/libraries/article/90246-publishers-internet-archive-trade-reply-briefs-in-book-scanning-case.html">"NEXT JOB Publishers, Internet Archive Trade Reply Briefs in Book Scanning Case"</a>. Publishers Weekly<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NEXT+JOB+Publishers%2C+Internet+Archive+Trade+Reply+Briefs+in+Book+Scanning+Case&rft.pub=Publishers+Weekly&rft.date=2022-09-06&rft.aulast=Albanese&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Findustry-news%2Flibraries%2Farticle%2F90246-publishers-internet-archive-trade-reply-briefs-in-book-scanning-case.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbanese2022" class="citation web cs1">Albanese, Andrew (June 13, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/libraries/article/89591-internet-archive-publishers-to-seek-summary-judgment-in-book-scanning-lawsuit.html">"Internet Archive, Publishers to Seek Summary Judgment in Book Scanning Lawsuit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly">Publishers Weekly</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220614200027/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/libraries/article/89591-internet-archive-publishers-to-seek-summary-judgment-in-book-scanning-lawsuit.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publishers+Weekly&rft.atitle=Internet+Archive%2C+Publishers+to+Seek+Summary+Judgment+in+Book+Scanning+Lawsuit&rft.date=2022-06-13&rft.aulast=Albanese&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Findustry-news%2Flibraries%2Farticle%2F89591-internet-archive-publishers-to-seek-summary-judgment-in-book-scanning-lawsuit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrittain2023" class="citation news cs1">Brittain, Blake (March 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/internet-archive-faces-skeptical-judge-publishers-copyright-lawsuit-2023-03-20/">"Internet Archive faces skeptical judge in publishers' copyright lawsuit"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325103412/https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/internet-archive-faces-skeptical-judge-publishers-copyright-lawsuit-2023-03-20/">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Internet+Archive+faces+skeptical+judge+in+publishers%27+copyright+lawsuit&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft.aulast=Brittain&rft.aufirst=Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Flegal%2Flitigation%2Finternet-archive-faces-skeptical-judge-publishers-copyright-lawsuit-2023-03-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbanese2023" class="citation web cs1">Albanese, Andrew (March 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/libraries/article/91798-at-hearing-judge-appears-skeptical-of-internet-archive-s-scanning-and-lending-program.html">"At Hearing, Judge Appears Skeptical of Internet Archive's Scanning and Lending Program"</a>. <i>Publishers Weekly</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230323013029/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/libraries/article/91798-at-hearing-judge-appears-skeptical-of-internet-archive-s-scanning-and-lending-program.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publishers+Weekly&rft.atitle=At+Hearing%2C+Judge+Appears+Skeptical+of+Internet+Archive%27s+Scanning+and+Lending+Program&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft.aulast=Albanese&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Findustry-news%2Flibraries%2Farticle%2F91798-at-hearing-judge-appears-skeptical-of-internet-archive-s-scanning-and-lending-program.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernandez2023" class="citation news cs1">Hernandez, Joe (March 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/03/26/1166101459/internet-archive-lawsuit-books-library-publishers">"A judge sided with publishers in a lawsuit over the Internet Archive's online library"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327010123/https://www.npr.org/2023/03/26/1166101459/internet-archive-lawsuit-books-library-publishers">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+judge+sided+with+publishers+in+a+lawsuit+over+the+Internet+Archive%27s+online+library&rft.date=2023-03-26&rft.aulast=Hernandez&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F03%2F26%2F1166101459%2Finternet-archive-lawsuit-books-library-publishers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrittain2023" class="citation web cs1">Brittain, Blake (March 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325103412/https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/internet-archive-faces-skeptical-judge-publishers-copyright-lawsuit-2023-03-20/">"Internet Archive faces skeptical judge in publishers' copyright lawsuit"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/internet-archive-faces-skeptical-judge-publishers-copyright-lawsuit-2023-03-20/">the original</a> on March 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internet+Archive+faces+skeptical+judge+in+publishers%27+copyright+lawsuit&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft.aulast=Brittain&rft.aufirst=Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Flegal%2Flitigation%2Finternet-archive-faces-skeptical-judge-publishers-copyright-lawsuit-2023-03-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes_lawsuit_june2020-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_lawsuit_june2020_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2020" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Elizabeth (June 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/books/internet-archive-national-emergency-library-coronavirus.html">"Internet Archive Will End Its Program for Free E-Books"</a>. NY Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615094026/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/books/internet-archive-national-emergency-library-coronavirus.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Internet+Archive+Will+End+Its+Program+for+Free+E-Books&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F11%2Fbooks%2Finternet-archive-national-emergency-library-coronavirus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOjala2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Ojala, Marydee (January–February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infotoday.com/OnlineSearcher/Articles/Features/Controlled-Digital-Lending-Legal-Lending-or-Piracy-144995.shtml">"Controlled digital lending: legal lending or piracy?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Searcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Searcher">Online Searcher</a></i>. Vol. 45, no. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210218231803/https://www.infotoday.com/OnlineSearcher/Articles/Features/Controlled-Digital-Lending-Legal-Lending-or-Piracy-144995.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Online+Searcher&rft.atitle=Controlled+digital+lending%3A+legal+lending+or+piracy%3F&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2021-01%2F2021-02&rft.aulast=Ojala&rft.aufirst=Marydee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infotoday.com%2FOnlineSearcher%2FArticles%2FFeatures%2FControlled-Digital-Lending-Legal-Lending-or-Piracy-144995.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanezi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Panezi, Argyri (March 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3813320">"A public service role for digital libraries: the unequal battle against (online) misinformation through copyright law reform and the emergency electronic access to library material"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Journal_of_Law_and_Public_Policy" title="Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy">Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3813320">3813320</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730141426/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3813320">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cornell+Journal+of+Law+and+Public+Policy&rft.atitle=A+public+service+role+for+digital+libraries%3A+the+unequal+battle+against+%28online%29+misinformation+through+copyright+law+reform+and+the+emergency+electronic+access+to+library+material&rft.date=2021-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3813320%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Panezi&rft.aufirst=Argyri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3813320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span> Article reportedly forthcoming.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Freeland2023" class="citation journal cs1">Chris Freeland, ed. (March 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.archive.org/2023/03/20/internet-archive-press-conference-march-20-2023/">"Internet Archive Press Conference: March 20, 2023"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117825695" class="extiw" title="d:Q117825695">Q117825695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Internet+Archive+Press+Conference%3A+March+20%2C+2023&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.archive.org%2F2023%2F03%2F20%2Finternet-archive-press-conference-march-20-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Lila Bailey</i>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117745845" class="extiw" title="d:Q117745845">Q117745845</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lila+Bailey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLila_Bailey2023" class="citation journal cs1">Lila Bailey (March 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.archive.org/2023/03/20/press-conference-statement-lila-bailey-internet-archive/">"Press conference statement: Lila Bailey, Internet Archive"</a>. <i>Internet Archive Press Conference: March 20, 2023</i>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117745831" class="extiw" title="d:Q117745831">Q117745831</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive+Press+Conference%3A+March+20%2C+2023&rft.atitle=Press+conference+statement%3A+Lila+Bailey%2C+Internet+Archive&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft.au=Lila+Bailey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.archive.org%2F2023%2F03%2F20%2Fpress-conference-statement-lila-bailey-internet-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmus_Jørgensen2022" class="citation cs2">Rasmus Jørgensen (February 25, 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/17211300/108/1/hachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive/"><i>Expert report of Rasmus Jørgensen, PhD</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117757229" class="extiw" title="d:Q117757229">Q117757229</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expert+report+of+Rasmus+J%C3%B8rgensen%2C+PhD&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.au=Rasmus+J%C3%B8rgensen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtlistener.com%2Fdocket%2F17211300%2F108%2F1%2Fhachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmus_Jørgensen2022" class="citation cs2">Rasmus Jørgensen (May 27, 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/17211300/108/2/hachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive/"><i>Reply expert report of Rasmus Jørgensen, PhD</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117756653" class="extiw" title="d:Q117756653">Q117756653</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reply+expert+report+of+Rasmus+J%C3%B8rgensen%2C+PhD&rft.date=2022-05-27&rft.au=Rasmus+J%C3%B8rgensen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtlistener.com%2Fdocket%2F17211300%2F108%2F2%2Fhachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImke_Reimers2022" class="citation cs2">Imke Reimers (February 25, 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/17211300/109/1/hachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive/"><i>Expert report of Imke Reimers, Ph.D.</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117749346" class="extiw" title="d:Q117749346">Q117749346</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expert+report+of+Imke+Reimers%2C+Ph.D.&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.au=Imke+Reimers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtlistener.com%2Fdocket%2F17211300%2F109%2F1%2Fhachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.archive.org/2023/03/20/press-conference-statement-lawrence-lessig-harvard-law/">"Press conference statement: Lawrence Lessig, Harvard Law"</a>. <i>Internet Archive Press Conference: March 20, 2023</i>. March 20, 2023. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117825676" class="extiw" title="d:Q117825676">Q117825676</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive+Press+Conference%3A+March+20%2C+2023&rft.atitle=Press+conference+statement%3A+Lawrence+Lessig%2C+Harvard+Law&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.archive.org%2F2023%2F03%2F20%2Fpress-conference-statement-lawrence-lessig-harvard-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reimers-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reimers_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImke_Reimers2022" class="citation cs2">Imke Reimers (February 25, 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/17211300/109/1/hachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive/"><i>Expert report of Imke Reimers, Ph.D.</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117749346" class="extiw" title="d:Q117749346">Q117749346</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expert+report+of+Imke+Reimers%2C+Ph.D.&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.au=Imke+Reimers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtlistener.com%2Fdocket%2F17211300%2F109%2F1%2Fhachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_T._Foster2022" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Foster_(computer_scientist)" title="Ian Foster (computer scientist)">Ian T. Foster</a> (March 31, 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/17211300/100/2/hachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive/"><i>Supplemental expert report of Prof. Ian Foster</i></a>, p. 122, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117749404" class="extiw" title="d:Q117749404">Q117749404</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supplemental+expert+report+of+Prof.+Ian+Foster&rft.pages=122&rft.date=2022-03-31&rft.au=Ian+T.+Foster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtlistener.com%2Fdocket%2F17211300%2F100%2F2%2Fhachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188_opinion-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-188_opinion_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-188_opinion_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-188_opinion_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/files/2023/03/29/188_opinion.pdf">"Opinion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230330131741if_/https://www.eff.org/files/2023/03/29/188_opinion.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opinion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Ffiles%2F2023%2F03%2F29%2F188_opinion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbanese2023" class="citation web cs1">Albanese, Andrew (March 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/libraries/article/91862-in-a-swift-decision-judge-eviscerates-internet-archive-s-scanning-and-lending-program.html">"In a Swift Decision, Judge Eviscerates Internet Archive's Scanning and Lending Program"</a>. Publishers Weekly<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+a+Swift+Decision%2C+Judge+Eviscerates+Internet+Archive%27s+Scanning+and+Lending+Program&rft.pub=Publishers+Weekly&rft.date=2023-03-25&rft.aulast=Albanese&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Findustry-news%2Flibraries%2Farticle%2F91862-in-a-swift-decision-judge-eviscerates-internet-archive-s-scanning-and-lending-program.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/17211300/hachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive/?page=2#entry-213">Orders 191-213</a> between April and July 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_G._Koeltl2023" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_G._Koeltl" title="John G. Koeltl">John G. Koeltl</a> (July 28, 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.537900/gov.uscourts.nysd.537900.213.0.pdf"><i>Final extension of deadline in Hachette v. Internet Archive</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121133396" class="extiw" title="d:Q121133396">Q121133396</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+extension+of+deadline+in+Hachette+v.+Internet+Archive&rft.date=2023-07-28&rft.au=John+G.+Koeltl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.courtlistener.com%2Frecap%2Fgov.uscourts.nysd.537900%2Fgov.uscourts.nysd.537900.213.0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IA_August_2023-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IA_August_2023_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IA_August_2023_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeland2023" class="citation web cs1">Freeland, Chris (August 17, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.archive.org/2023/08/17/what-the-hachette-v-internet-archive-decision-means-for-our-library/">"What the Hachette v. Internet Archive Decision Means for Our Library"</a>. <i>Internet Archive Blogs</i>. Internet Archive<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive+Blogs&rft.atitle=What+the+Hachette+v.+Internet+Archive+Decision+Means+for+Our+Library&rft.date=2023-08-17&rft.aulast=Freeland&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.archive.org%2F2023%2F08%2F17%2Fwhat-the-hachette-v-internet-archive-decision-means-for-our-library%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAP_August_2023-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAP_August_2023_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAP_August_2023_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishers.org/news/publishers-and-internet-archive-submit-negotiated-judgment-with-permanent-injunction-to-district-court-in-hachette-book-group-et-al-v-internet-archive/">"Publishers and Internet Archive Submit Negotiated Judgment with Permanent Injunction to District Court in Hachette Book Group, et al, v. Internet Archive"</a>. <i>publishers.org</i>. Association of American Publishers. August 11, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=publishers.org&rft.atitle=Publishers+and+Internet+Archive+Submit+Negotiated+Judgment+with+Permanent+Injunction+to+District+Court+in+Hachette+Book+Group%2C+et+al%2C+v.+Internet+Archive&rft.date=2023-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishers.org%2Fnews%2Fpublishers-and-internet-archive-submit-negotiated-judgment-with-permanent-injunction-to-district-court-in-hachette-book-group-et-al-v-internet-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.archive.org/help/why-are-so-many-books-listed-as-borrow-unavailable-at-the-internet-archive/">"Why are so many books listed as "Borrow Unavailable" at the Internet Archive"</a>. <i>Internet Archive Help Page</i>. March 17, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive+Help+Page&rft.atitle=Why+are+so+many+books+listed+as+%22Borrow+Unavailable%22+at+the+Internet+Archive&rft.date=2024-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.archive.org%2Fhelp%2Fwhy-are-so-many-books-listed-as-borrow-unavailable-at-the-internet-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robertson_2023-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robertson_2023_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2023" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Adi (September 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/11/23868870/internet-archive-hachette-open-library-copyright-lawsuit-appeal">"Internet Archive appeals loss in library ebook lawsuit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Internet+Archive+appeals+loss+in+library+ebook+lawsuit&rft.date=2023-09-11&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Adi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2023%2F9%2F11%2F23868870%2Finternet-archive-hachette-open-library-copyright-lawsuit-appeal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TF-20231218-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TF-20231218_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Sar2023" class="citation news cs1">Van der Sar, Ernesto (December 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torrentfreak.com/internet-archive-digital-lending-is-fair-use-not-copyright-infringement-231218/">"Internet Archive: Digital Lending is Fair Use, Not Copyright Infringement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TorrentFreak" title="TorrentFreak">TorrentFreak</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231218205431/https://torrentfreak.com/internet-archive-digital-lending-is-fair-use-not-copyright-infringement-231218/">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TorrentFreak&rft.atitle=Internet+Archive%3A+Digital+Lending+is+Fair+Use%2C+Not+Copyright+Infringement&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft.aulast=Van+der+Sar&rft.aufirst=Ernesto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorrentfreak.com%2Finternet-archive-digital-lending-is-fair-use-not-copyright-infringement-231218%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torrentfreak.com/images/ia-appeal.pdf">"Brief for Defendant-Appellant Internet Archive"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Internet_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="The Internet Archive">The Internet Archive</a></i>. December 15, 2023 – via <a href="/wiki/TorrentFreak" title="TorrentFreak">TorrentFreak</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Brief+for+Defendant-Appellant+Internet+Archive&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorrentfreak.com%2Fimages%2Fia-appeal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2023" class="citation web cs1">Bailey, Lila (December 29, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.archive.org/2023/12/29/friend-of-the-court-briefs-filed-in-internet-archives-appeal/">"Friend of the Court Briefs Filed in Internet Archive's Appeal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Internet_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="The Internet Archive">The Internet Archive</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Friend+of+the+Court+Briefs+Filed+in+Internet+Archive%27s+Appeal&rft.date=2023-12-29&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Lila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.archive.org%2F2023%2F12%2F29%2Ffriend-of-the-court-briefs-filed-in-internet-archives-appeal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/20240628-appeal-oral-argument-second-circuit-88min"><i>Hachette Book Group, Inc. v. Internet Archive Appeal Oral Argument Second Circuit</i></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a></i> (Audio). June 28, 2024 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hachette+Book+Group%2C+Inc.+v.+Internet+Archive+Appeal+Oral+Argument+Second+Circuit&rft.date=2024-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F20240628-appeal-oral-argument-second-circuit-88min&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2024" class="citation web cs1">Roth, Emma (September 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2024/9/4/24235958/internet-archive-loses-appeal-ebook-lending">"The Internet Archive just lost its appeal over ebook lending"</a>. <i>The Verge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+Internet+Archive+just+lost+its+appeal+over+ebook+lending&rft.date=2024-09-04&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2024%2F9%2F4%2F24235958%2Finternet-archive-loses-appeal-ebook-lending&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca2.60988/gov.uscourts.ca2.60988.306.1.pdf">https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca2.60988/gov.uscourts.ca2.60988.306.1.pdf</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishers.org/news/publishers-prevail-in-summary-judgement-against-internet-archive-for-copyright-infringement/">"Publishers Prevail in Summary Judgement Against Internet Archive for Copyright Infringement"</a>. Association of American Publishers. March 24, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publishers+Prevail+in+Summary+Judgement+Against+Internet+Archive+for+Copyright+Infringement&rft.pub=Association+of+American+Publishers&rft.date=2023-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishers.org%2Fnews%2Fpublishers-prevail-in-summary-judgement-against-internet-archive-for-copyright-infringement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPallante2023" class="citation web cs1">Pallante, Maria A. (March 31, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishers.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Pallante-Reflections-on-Hachette-v-IA-March-31-2023.pdf">"Reflections from the Association of American Publishers on Hachette Book Group v. Internet Archive: An Affirmation of Publishing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Association of American Publishers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reflections+from+the+Association+of+American+Publishers+on+Hachette+Book+Group+v.+Internet+Archive%3A+An+Affirmation+of+Publishing&rft.pub=Association+of+American+Publishers&rft.date=2023-03-31&rft.aulast=Pallante&rft.aufirst=Maria+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishers.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F04%2FPallante-Reflections-on-Hachette-v-IA-March-31-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHachette+v.+Internet+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23723923-hachette-v-internet-archive-ruling">Judge Koeltl's ruling on cross-motions for summary judgment</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/cases/hachette-v-internet-archive"><i>Hachette v. Internet Archive</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/17211300/hachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive/">Court Listener</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Copyright_law_of_the_United_States736" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Copyright_law_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Copyright law in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Copyright_law_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Copyright law in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Copyright_law_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Copyright law in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Copyright_law_of_the_United_States736" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright law of the United States">Copyright law of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_17_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 17 of the United States Code">17 U.S.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Clause" title="Copyright Clause">Copyright Clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Copyright_Office" title="United States Copyright Office">United States Copyright Office</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Compendium_of_U.S._Copyright_Office_Practices" title="Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices">Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Arbitration_Royalty_Panel" title="Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel">CARP</a> → <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Royalty_Board" title="Copyright Royalty Board">CRB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Catalog" title="Copyright Catalog">Copyright Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register_of_Copyrights" title="Register of Copyrights">Register of Copyrights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_108_Study_Group" title="Section 108 Study Group">Section 108 Study Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_subnational_governments_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by subnational governments of the United States">Copyright status of works by subnational governments of the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1790" title="Copyright Act of 1790">Copyright Act of 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1831" title="Copyright Act of 1831">Copyright Act of 1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1870" title="Copyright Act of 1870">Copyright Act of 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Copyright_Act_of_1891" title="International Copyright Act of 1891">International Copyright Act of 1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_Act_of_1895" title="Printing Act of 1895">Printing Act of 1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1909" title="Copyright Act of 1909">Copyright Act of 1909</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1976" title="Copyright Act of 1976">Copyright Act of 1976</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berne_Convention_Implementation_Act_of_1988" title="Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988">Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Artists_Rights_Act" title="Visual Artists Rights Act">Visual Artists Rights Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Remedy_Clarification_Act" title="Copyright Remedy Clarification Act">Copyright Remedy Clarification Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Renewal_Act_of_1992" title="Copyright Renewal Act of 1992">Copyright Renewal Act of 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Home_Recording_Act" title="Audio Home Recording Act">Audio Home Recording Act</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay_Round_Agreements_Act" title="Uruguay Round Agreements Act">Uruguay Round Agreements Act</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Electronic_Theft_Act" title="No Electronic Theft Act">No Electronic Theft Act</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Term_Extension_Act" title="Copyright Term Extension Act">Copyright Term Extension Act</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairness_in_Music_Licensing_Act_of_1998" title="Fairness in Music Licensing Act of 1998">Fairness in Music Licensing Act of 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">Digital Millennium Copyright Act</a> (1998) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_Copyright_Infringement_Liability_Limitation_Act" title="Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act">Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIPO_Copyright_and_Performances_and_Phonograms_Treaties_Implementation_Act" title="WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act">WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_Entertainment_and_Copyright_Act" title="Family Entertainment and Copyright Act">Family Entertainment and Copyright Act</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unlocking_Consumer_Choice_and_Wireless_Competition_Act" title="Unlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act">Unlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Modernization_Act" title="Music Modernization Act">Music Modernization Act</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Alternative_in_Small-Claims_Enforcement_Act_of_2020" title="Copyright Alternative in Small-Claims Enforcement Act of 2020">CASE Act</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precedents<br />and rulings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_copyright_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court copyright case law">Supreme Court</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_v._Peters" title="Wheaton v. Peters">Wheaton v. Peters</a></i> (1834)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baker_v._Selden" title="Baker v. Selden">Baker v. Selden</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trade-Mark_Cases" title="Trade-Mark Cases">Trade-Mark Cases</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burrow-Giles_Lithographic_Co._v._Sarony" title="Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony">Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Banks_v._Manchester" title="Banks v. Manchester">Banks v. Manchester</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callaghan_v._Myers" title="Callaghan v. Myers">Callaghan v. Myers</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bobbs-Merrill_Co._v._Straus" title="Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus">Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White-Smith_Music_Publishing_Co._v._Apollo_Co." title="White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.">White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Williams_%26_Wilkins_Co._v._United_States" title="Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States">Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sony_Corp._of_America_v._Universal_City_Studios,_Inc." title="Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.">Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feist_Publications,_Inc.,_v._Rural_Telephone_Service_Co." title="Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.">Feist v. Rural</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campbell_v._Acuff-Rose_Music,_Inc." title="Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.">Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quality_King_Distributors_Inc.,_v._L%27anza_Research_International_Inc." title="Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.">Quality King v. L'anza</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eldred_v._Ashcroft" title="Eldred v. Ashcroft">Eldred v. Ashcroft</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MGM_Studios,_Inc._v._Grokster,_Ltd." title="MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.">MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Costco_Wholesale_Corp._v._Omega,_S._A." title="Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Omega, S. A.">Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Omega, S. A.</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Golan_v._Holder" title="Golan v. Holder">Golan v. Holder</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kirtsaeng_v._John_Wiley_%26_Sons,_Inc." title="Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.">Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Cos.,_Inc._v._Aereo,_Inc." title="American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.">American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Athletica,_LLC_v._Varsity_Brands,_Inc." title="Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.">Star Athletica v. Varsity Brands</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate_Public_Benefit_Corp._v._Wall-Street.com" title="Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com">Fourth Estate v. Wall-Street.com</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Georgia_v._Public.Resource.Org,_Inc." title="Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.">Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Google_LLC_v._Oracle_America,_Inc." title="Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.">Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol_Foundation_for_the_Visual_Arts,_Inc._v._Goldsmith" title="Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Goldsmith">Andy Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Appeals courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Berlin_v._E.C._Publications,_Inc." title="Berlin v. E.C. Publications, Inc.">Berlin v. E.C. Publications, Inc.</a></i> (2d Cir. 1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roth_Greeting_Cards_v._United_Card_Co." title="Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co.">Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co.</a></i> (9th Cir. 1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eltra_Corp._v._Ringer" title="Eltra Corp. v. Ringer">Eltra Corp. v. Ringer</a></i> (4th Cir. 1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Productions_v._Air_Pirates" title="Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates">Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates</a></i> (9th Cir. 1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midway_Manufacturing_Co._v._Artic_International,_Inc." title="Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc.">Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc.</a></i> (7th Cir. 1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer,_Inc._v._Franklin_Computer_Corp." title="Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp.">Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp.</a></i> (3d Cir. 1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fisher_v._Dees" title="Fisher v. Dees">Fisher v. Dees</a></i> (9th Cir. 1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Whelan_v._Jaslow" title="Whelan v. Jaslow">Whelan v. Jaslow</a></i> (3d Cir. 1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vault_Corp._v._Quaid_Software_Ltd." title="Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd.">Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd.</a></i> (5th Cir. 1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rogers_v._Koons" title="Rogers v. Koons">Rogers v. Koons</a></i> (2nd Cir. 1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Associates_International,_Inc._v._Altai,_Inc." title="Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.">Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.</a></i> (2d Cir. 1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union_v._Texaco,_Inc." title="American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc.">American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc.</a></i> (2nd Cir. 1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss_Enters.,_L.P._v._Penguin_Books_USA,_Inc." title="Dr. Seuss Enters., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc.">Dr. Seuss Enters., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc.</a></i>(9th Cir. 1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Itar-Tass_Russian_News_Agency_v._Russian_Kurier,_Inc." title="Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc.">Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc.</a></i> (2d Cir. 1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment,_Inc._v._Connectix_Corp." title="Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp.">Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp.</a></i> (9th Cir. 2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nunez_v._Caribbean_Int%27l_News_Corp." title="Nunez v. Caribbean Int'l News Corp.">Nunez v. Caribbean Int'l News Corp.</a></i> (1st Cir. 2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A%26M_Records,_Inc._v._Napster,_Inc." title="A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.">A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.</a></i> (9th Cir. 2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veeck_v._Southern_Building_Code_Congress_Int%27l" title="Veeck v. Southern Building Code Congress Int'l">Veeck v. Southern Building Code Congress Int'l</a></i> (5th Cir. 2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kelly_v._Arriba_Soft_Corp." title="Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp.">Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp.</a></i> (9th Cir. 2002 / 2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_re_Aimster_Copyright_Litigation" title="In re Aimster Copyright Litigation">In re Aimster Copyright Litigation</a></i> (7th Cir. 2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NXIVM_Corp._v._Ross_Institute" title="NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Institute">NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Institute</a></i> (2d Cir. 2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BMG_Music_v._Gonzalez" title="BMG Music v. Gonzalez">BMG Music v. Gonzalez</a></i> (7th Cir. 2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_Archives_v._Dorling_Kindersley,_Ltd." title="Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd.">Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd.</a></i> (2nd Cir. 2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blanch_v._Koons" title="Blanch v. Koons">Blanch v. Koons</a></i> (2nd Cir. 2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perfect_10,_Inc._v._Amazon.com,_Inc." title="Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.">Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.</a></i> (9th Cir. 2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network,_LP_v._CSC_Holdings,_Inc." title="Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.">Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.</a></i> (2nd Cir. 2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahanchian_v._Xenon_Pictures,_Inc." title="Ahanchian v. Xenon Pictures, Inc.">Ahanchian v. Xenon Pictures, Inc.</a></i> (9th Cir. 2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group_(USA)_Inc._v._American_Buddha" title="Penguin Group (USA) Inc. v. American Buddha">Penguin Group (USA) Inc. v. American Buddha</a></i> (2d Cir. 2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monge_v._Maya_Magazines,_Inc." title="Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc.">Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc.</a></i> (9th Cir. 2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viacom_International_Inc._v._YouTube,_Inc." title="Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.">Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.</a></i> (2d Cir. 2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seltzer_v._Green_Day,_Inc" title="Seltzer v. Green Day, Inc">Seltzer v. Green Day, Inc</a></i> (9th Cir. 2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Authors_Guild,_Inc._v._Google,_Inc." title="Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.">Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.</a></i> (2d Cir. 2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lenz_v._Universal_Music_Corp." title="Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.">Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.</a></i> (9th Cir. 2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monkey_selfie_copyright_dispute" title="Monkey selfie copyright dispute">Naruto v. Slater</a></i> (9th Cir. 2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Folsom_v._Marsh" title="Folsom v. Marsh">Folsom v. Marsh</a></i> (C.C.D. Mass. 1841)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elektra_Records_Co._v._Gem_Electronic_Distributors,_Inc." title="Elektra Records Co. v. Gem Electronic Distributors, Inc.">Elektra Records Co. v. Gem Electronic Distributors, Inc.</a></i> (E.D.N.Y. 1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Broderbund_Software_Inc._v._Unison_World,_Inc." title="Broderbund Software Inc. v. Unison World, Inc.">Broderbund Software Inc. v. Unison World, Inc.</a></i> (N.D. Cal. 1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Playboy_Enterprises,_Inc._v._Frena" title="Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Frena">Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Frena</a></i> (M.D. Fla. 1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridgeman_Art_Library_v._Corel_Corp." title="Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.">Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.</a></i> (S.D.N.Y. 1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RealNetworks,_Inc._v._Streambox,_Inc." title="RealNetworks, Inc. v. Streambox, Inc.">RealNetworks, Inc. v. Streambox, Inc.</a></i> (W.D. Wash. 2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mannion_v._Coors_Brewing_Co." title="Mannion v. Coors Brewing Co.">Mannion v. Coors Brewing Co.</a></i> (S.D.N.Y. 2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arista_Records_LLC_v._Lime_Group_LLC" title="Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC">Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC</a></i> (S.D.N.Y. 2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records,_LLC_v._ReDigi_Inc." title="Capitol Records, LLC v. ReDigi Inc.">Capitol Records, LLC v. ReDigi Inc.</a></i> (S.D.N.Y. 2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Equals_Three,_LLC_v._Jukin_Media,_Inc." title="Equals Three, LLC v. Jukin Media, Inc.">Equals Three, LLC v. Jukin Media, Inc.</a></i> (C.D. Cal. 2015)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hachette v. Internet Archive</a></i> (S.D.N.Y. 2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group_v._Internet_Archive" title="Universal Music Group v. Internet Archive">Universal Music Group v. Internet Archive</a></i> (S.D.N.Y. 2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berne_Convention" title="Berne Convention">Berne Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay_Round" title="Uruguay Round">Uruguay Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Copy_That_Floppy" title="Don't Copy That Floppy">Don't Copy That Floppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Recording_Rights_Coalition" title="Home Recording Rights Coalition">Home Recording Rights Coalition</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nimmer_on_Copyright" title="Nimmer on Copyright">Nimmer on Copyright</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Wouldn%27t_Steal_a_Car" title="You Wouldn't Steal a Car">You Wouldn't Steal a Car</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_Archive126" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_Archive_navbox" title="Template:Internet Archive navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_Archive_navbox" title="Template talk:Internet Archive navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_Archive_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet Archive navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_Archive126" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Universal access to all knowledge</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PetaBox" title="PetaBox">PetaBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#NASA_Images" title="Internet Archive">NASA Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Content_Alliance" title="Open Content Alliance">Open Content Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Archive-It" title="Internet Archive">Archive-It</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFlan" class="mw-redirect" title="SFlan">SFlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive_Scholar" title="Internet Archive Scholar">Internet Archive Scholar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_Archive_logo_and_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Internet_Archive_logo_and_wordmark.svg/100px-Internet_Archive_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Internet_Archive_logo_and_wordmark.svg/150px-Internet_Archive_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Internet_Archive_logo_and_wordmark.svg/200px-Internet_Archive_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="583" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partners and<br />Collaborators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina" title="Bibliotheca Alexandrina">Bibliotheca Alexandrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Libraries_(collection)" title="American Libraries (collection)">American Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Libraries_(collection)" title="Canadian Libraries (collection)">Canadian Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library" title="Biodiversity Heritage Library">Biodiversity Heritage Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan_Foundation" title="Alfred P. Sloan Foundation">Sloan Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive%27s_images_collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Archive's images collection">Image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#NASA_Images" title="Internet Archive">NASA Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libre_Map_Project" title="Libre Map Project">Libre Map Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Text_collection" title="Internet Archive">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Libraries_(collection)" title="American Libraries (collection)">American Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Libraries_(collection)" title="Canadian Libraries (collection)">Canadian Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive%27s_Children%27s_Library" title="Internet Archive's Children's Library">Children's Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RECAP_US_Federal_Court_Documents_(collection)" class="mw-redirect" title="RECAP US Federal Court Documents (collection)">RECAP US Federal Court Documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfilm_(collection)" class="mw-redirect" title="Microfilm (collection)">Microfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Government_Documents" title="US Government Documents">US Government Documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Schwartzman#Collected_texts_of_Simon_Schwartzman" title="Simon Schwartzman">Collected texts of Simon Schwartzman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Audio_collection" title="Internet Archive">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_Music_Archive" title="Live Music Archive">Live Music Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Moving_image_collection" title="Internet Archive">Video</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#NASA_Images" title="Internet Archive">NASA Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public.Resource.Org#FedFlix" title="Public.Resource.Org">FedFlix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!#Democracy_Now!_collection_at_the_Internet_Archive" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Stokes" title="Marion Stokes">Marion Stokes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Software" title="Internet Archive">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Educational_Resources" title="Internet Archive">Open Educational Resources</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_Kahle" title="Brewster Kahle">Brewster Kahle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Prelinger" title="Rick Prelinger">Rick Prelinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rumsey" title="David Rumsey">David Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Scott" title="Jason Scott">Jason Scott</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritrix" title="Heritrix">Heritrix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Panorama_Ephemera" title="Panorama Ephemera">Panorama Ephemera</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Recorder:_The_Marion_Stokes_Project" title="Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project">Recorder: The Marion Stokes Project</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hachette v. Internet Archive</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group_v._Internet_Archive" title="Universal Music Group v. Internet Archive">Universal Music Group v. Internet Archive</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&oldid=1270389488">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&oldid=1270389488</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2023_in_United_States_case_law" title="Category:2023 in United States case law">2023 in United States case law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Digital_rights_management" title="Category:Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fair_use_case_law" title="Category:Fair use case law">Fair use case law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Media_case_law" title="Category:Media case law">Media case law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_copyright_case_law" title="Category:United States copyright case law">United States copyright case law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York_cases" title="Category:United States District Court for the Southern District of New York cases">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York cases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_Archive" title="Category:Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2020" title="Category:Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020">Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_April_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from April 2023">Use mdy dates from April 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 January 2025, at 08:41<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hachette_v._Internet_Archive&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><i>Hachette v. Internet Archive</i></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>2 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57fcd54b94-7ddxf","wgBackendResponseTime":125,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.700","walltime":"0.870","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3827,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":159430,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2281,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":175825,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":11,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 775.834 1 -total"," 65.23% 506.079 1 Template:Reflist"," 34.66% 268.875 10 Template:Cite_Q"," 19.72% 152.982 23 Template:Cite_web"," 15.17% 117.721 5 Template:Navbox"," 13.48% 104.608 1 Template:Copyright_law_in_the_United_States"," 8.01% 62.130 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.65% 51.579 1 Template:Infobox_United_States_District_Court_case"," 5.25% 40.709 2 Template:Pagetype"," 3.41% 26.468 6 Template:Cite_news"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.498","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7941107,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"1 1 Chris Freeland\n1 1 Lila Bailey\n1 1 Rasmus Jørgensen\n1 1 Rasmus Jørgensen\n1 1 Imke Reimers\n1 1 Imke Reimers\n1 1 Ian T. Foster\n1 1 John G. Koeltl\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-84b999ff94-n4wxs","timestamp":"20250204115853","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hachette v. Internet Archive","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hachette_v._Internet_Archive","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q117289685","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q117289685","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2023-03-25T05:00:15Z","dateModified":"2025-01-19T08:41:21Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/54\/USDCSDNY.svg","headline":"US lawsuit by major book publishers"}</script> </body> </html>