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id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_PageLayoutBase1_LayoutControl_Rdz_1_Rdo_0" border="0" height="0" width="235" style="TOP:;LEFT:;Z-INDEX:;border-collapse:separate;"> <tr id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_PageLayoutBase1_LayoutControl_Rdz_1_Rdo_0_Client"> <td style="width:100%;height:100%;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%;height:100%;"> <tr> <td style="width:100%;height:100%;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%;height:100%;"> <tr> <td class="RadDockableObjectInnerContainer" style="height:100%;">   <h2>On this page:</h2>   <ul> <li> <a href="#historical">MESSAGE FROM THE SPEAKER</a> <li> <a href="#spheres">HISTORICAL BACKGROUND</a> <li> <a href="#parliamentary">SPHERES OF GOVERNMENT</a> <li> <a href="#parliamentary">PARLIAMENTARY OFFICE BEARERS</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#premier">Premier</a> <li> <a href="#executive">Executive Council or Cabinet (Ministers)</a> <li> <a href="#leader">Leader of the House</a> <li> <a href="#opposition">Leader of the Opposition</a> <li> <a href="#whips">Whips</a> <li> <a href="#chiefwhip">Chief Whip</a> <li> <a href="#symbols">Speaker</a> </li> </ul> <li> <a href="#symbols">SYMBOLS</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#coat">Coat of Arms</a> <li> <a href="#org">Mace</a> </li> </ul> <li> <a href="#org">ORGANISATION OF PARLIAMENTARY WORK</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#functions">Functions</a> <li> <a href="#chamber">Chamber</a> <li> <a href="#sessions">Sessions and Sittings</a> <li> <a href="#quorums">Quorums</a> <li> <a href="#legislative">Rules of Debate</a> </li> </ul> <li> <a href="#legislative">LEGISLATIVE PROCESS AND ROLE OF COMMITTEES</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#national">National Bills</a> <li> <a href="#provincial">Provincial Bills</a> <li> <a href="#committees">Committees</a> <li> <a href="#thebudget">Money Bills</a> </li> </ul> <li> <a href="#thebudget">THE BUDGET AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#budget">The Budget</a> <li> <a href="#admin">Financial Accountability</a> </li> </ul> <li> <a href="#admin">ADMINISTRATION OF PARLIAMENT</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#public">Secretary to Parliament</a> </li> </ul> <li> <a href="#public">PUBLIC PARTICIPATION</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#visits">Visits</a> </li> </ul> <li> <a href="#glossary">GLOSSARY</a> </li> </ul> <a name="message"></a> <h2>MESSAGE FROM THE SPEAKER </h2> This guide has been prepared as a means of giving the people of the Western Cape Province a better understanding of how the Western Cape Provincial Parliament operates, and in the hope that many will thereby become better acquainted with its activities. The challenge extended by both the national and provincial Constitutions is for the Provincial Parliament to conduct its business with due regard to representative and participatory democracy, accountability, transparency and public participation. This guide attempts to illustrate how these requirements are met in the day-to-day functioning of the House and its committees. It also provides information on the history, processes and people involved in Parliament, and outlines ways in which you as a member of the public can make yourself heard in the parliamentary system. The Western Cape Provincial Parliament is your Parliament. We invite you to make full use of the opportunities it offers you. <a href="#top">Back to top</a> <a name="historical"></a> <h2>HISTORICAL BACKGROUND</h2> The following account is not intended as an exhaustive narrative of the historical events leading to the present political dispensation. Instead it is hoped that this chronology will provide the reader with some knowledge of the occurrences that have shaped South Africa's political and constitutional growth. Under the Dutch East India Company's regime, the Cape was administered by a Commander (later elevated to the office of Governor), assisted by the Council of Policy. The Dutch East India Company established a settlement at the Cape of Good Hope to act as a refreshment station for its ships on their long journeys to and from the East Indies. Although the settlement grew in size, its inhabitants remained subject to Company's control, having no say at the highest level of government decision-making. The Council of Policy was abolished in September 1795 during the first British occupation. After 1814 the British assumed permanent control at the Cape. In 1825, an advisory council was established to assist the Governor in administering the Colony. However, the advisory council was by no means a representative body and its powers were extremely limited. The arrival of British settlers and the presence of a small but vocal press contingent placed pressure on the British Home Government to enlarge the degree of popular representation. In 1834 the Cape received a new constitutional dispensation. This new dispensation saw the establishment of a Legislative Council with limited powers. Although its members consisted of officials and colonists nominated by the Governor, for the first time members of the public and journalists were permitted to attend sittings. However by 1849, the Legislative Council had fallen into disfavour with the populace, especially when it became known that there were plans afoot to ship ex-convicts to the colony. In 1853 the Cape received a new Constitution providing for representative government. A two-chamber parliament was established, consisting of an elected lower chamber, called the Legislative Assembly, and the Legislative Council, which formed the upper chamber. In 1872 the system of responsible government was introduced, whereby members of the executive were accountable to Parliament. The Legislative Council continued to meet in old the Supreme Court building on Adderley Street. However, the Legislative Assembly had to be content with more cramped quarters in the Freemasons' Lodge De Goede Hoop. In 1884 the construction of a single parliamentary building was completed. The Cape Parliament was housed in this building until the Union of South Africa was established. The establishment of the Union of South Africa was a milestone in the political history of South Africa. In the aftermath of the Anglo-Boer War, the society was characterised by deep divisions, this being particularly so between the Afrikaner and English speaking communities. It was hoped that political unification of the Transvaal, Cape, Natal and Orange River colonies would help these communities form one nation. In 1908 delegates from the four colonies and Southern Rhodesia (as observers) met in a National Convention to decide upon the political future of the region. Some delegates desired a federation, with a division of powers between the central government and the provinces. However, the majority favoured a highly centralised union with legislative power vested in a House of Assembly and a Senate. Executive power vested in the Governor-General and the cabinet. To reconcile the views of unionists and federalists, a system of provincial councils with limited powers was introduced. As the Boer Republics had no local authorities for their rural areas that corresponded with the Cape Colony's divisional councils, the provincial system also had to serve as a form of local government. When the former colonies agreed to merge with the Union, they surrendered their existing rights and, in exchange, were granted other administrative and legislative functions. In the following eighty years, provincial decision-making authority was further decreased: For example, coloured education was removed from provincial administrations and entrusted to central government, and the right of provinces to tax personal income was removed. Each province had an Administrator, Executive Committee and a Provincial Council and was given authority in certain matters, such as education, hospitals, roads and local government. The Governor-General appointed an Administrator for a period of five years. The Administrator acted as the central government's representative and was required to carry out the government's policy. An Executive Committee acted as the executive authority of a province, administering provincial affairs on behalf of the Provincial Council. A Provincial Council served as a legislative body and consisted of the same number of members as were elected to represent a province in the House of Assembly. The Council considered provincial ordinances. Thereafter those ordinances that the Provincial Council had approved were submitted to the Governor-General. If the Governor-General (or after 1961 the State President) approved an ordinance, it was promulgated and had legal effect in that province. The powers of Provincial Councils were not entrenched and could be curtailed by an Act of Parliament. Sir Nicolaas Frederic de Waal was the Cape Province's first Administrator. In January 1911 the Cape Province's Provincial Council held its first session. The Council chamber was housed in Queen Victoria Street in leased premises. By 1934, the Provincial Administration's offices were spread over four buildings, and plans were made to house the entire administration in a single building. After prolonged negotiation, the present Wale Street site was given to the province and in 1944 the new building was completed. The council chamber was situated on the sixth floor where it has remained. The Wale Street building has since become a landmark, as it was the first building in the city to be constructed over a public thoroughfare. The year 1994 heralded an entirely new era in South Africa's political history. An interim Constitution established a non-racial representative democracy and provided for a two-chamber parliament holding concurrent powers with nine newly formed provincial legislatures. The National Assembly together with a newly constituted Senate replaced the House of Assembly. The Senate consisted of representatives from the nine provinces. It was intended that the Senate would act not only as an upper house of general review but would promote provincial interests at a national level. However, the Senate was not regarded as a great success: It had limited legislative power, its members were bound to the political parties that had nominated them, and there was a tendency to pursue provincial interests without taking into account the national perspective. The present Constitution was adopted in 1996 and a new body, the National Council of Provinces (NCOP), replaced the Senate. The NCOP comprises of ten delegates from each province, each delegation being headed by the Premier of that province. Each province has six permanent delegates and four special delegates, the latter designated from among the members of a legislature as required. The main function of the NCOP is to represent the interests of the nine provinces and local government at a national level. The division of the country into nine provinces has meant that although the Western Cape Province retained the major part of the old Cape Province, it has lost other parts to the newly formed Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and North West provinces. The seat of the Western Cape Parliament remains in Cape Town and its sittings continue to be held in the old Provincial Council chamber in the Wale Street complex. The first opening of the Western Cape Parliament took place on Saturday, May 7, 1994. In January 1998 the Western Cape Parliament adopted a new constitution for the Western Cape. This constitution affirms that the Western Cape is founded on democratic values, the recognition of human rights, the recognition of the family, responsible and accountable government, the rule of law, the principles of mutual trust and co-operation, and loyalty to the national Constitution. Among other things it also provides for the election, membership and powers of the Provincial Parliament, the Executive, the Administration of the Province, and stipulates the relationship with local government. The constitution also provides for financial matters, elections, policing, cultural councils and the appointment of a Commissioner for Children as well as a Commissioner for the Environment. <a href="#top">Back to top</a> <a name="spheres"></a> <h2>SPHERES OF GOVERNMENT</h2> The national Constitution is the supreme authority in South Africa, and the three powers of the State, namely the Legislative (national Parliament and the provincial Legislatures), Executive (the Cabinet in national government and the Executive Councils in the provinces), and Judicial (the judges and magistrates who preside over the courts), are subservient to it. These powers are independent from each other. The main functions of the Legislative power are to introduce, study, debate and pass laws, determine taxation and allocate funds for the expenditure of the Executive government departments, and to exercise control over government actions. The national Constitution provides for three spheres of government, namely at national, provincial and local level. Each of these spheres has exclusive powers in certain areas, but shares power in other areas, and should not encroach on the competencies of government in another sphere. Each sphere must adhere to the principles of co-operative government and promote national unity, peace and security, and transparent and accountable government. National Parliament passes laws affecting the whole country, but when legislation affects the provinces or local authorities directly, it has to consult these levels of government. The National Council of Provinces plays a central role in the latter process, where the voices of provinces and organised local authorities can be heard on such legislation. The provincial legislatures are responsible for so-called intermediary areas of public policy. Thus certain competencies controlled by central government, such as education, health and social services, are thought to be best managed and co-ordinated at regional level. These interests are too large to be managed by local government, yet are too area-specific to be adequately covered by national policy. Provincial government, therefore, acts as a regional intermediary between national government and local interests. Other areas of concurrent legislative competence are set out in Schedule 4 of the national Constitution, and include housing, disaster management, racing and gambling, pollution control, road traffic regulation and vehicle licensing. Local governments are the smallest government bodies and deal with the more immediate, local concerns of their respective constituents. The executive and legislative powers of local authorities are vested in municipal councils, and their competencies include the management of the local government affairs of their communities, provision of municipal services, and the promotion of a safe and healthy environment. <a href="#top">Back to top</a> <a name="parliamentary"></a> <h2>PARLIAMENTARY OFFICE BEARERS</h2> Premier At the first sitting of Parliament after a general election, the first order of business in the House is the election of the Premier. As the Premier is elected by a majority vote of Members in the House, it is likely that the leader of the party which received the most number of seats in the House in the election will be voted into the Premier's office, unless it did not obtain a clear majority, in which case other parties may form an alliance and use their majority to have their own candidate elected as Premier. The Premier is the head of the Western Cape Government and his or her powers and functions are provided for in both the national and provincial Constitutions.  They include: <ul> <li> Ensuring that legislation passed and resolutions taken by the provincial Parliament, and where applicable, by national Parliament, are implemented by the Provincial Administration; <li> co-ordinating the functions of the Provincial Administration and its departments; <li> reparing and initiating provincial legislation, assenting to and signing them into law; <li> referring a Bill back to the provincial Parliament for reconsideration, or to the Constitutional Court for a decision, on its constitutionality; <li> summonsing the provincial Parliament to conduct special or urgent business; <li> calling referendums; <li> appointing commissions of inquiry; and <li> determining the powers and functions of the provincial ministerial departments. </li> </ul> The provincial Parliament, with the supporting vote of at least two thirds of its members, may remove the Premier from office on the grounds of a serious violation of the national or provincial Constitution or the law, serious misconduct or inability to perform the functions of office. The provincial Parliament may also remove the Premier and other provincial Ministers from office by adopting a motion of no confidence in them. <a name="executive"></a>Executive Council or Cabinet (Ministers) The Premier appoints a group of Members of Parliament to form the Executive Council or Cabinet, and together with the Premier they constitute the executive authority of the Province. These Members are known as Ministers and are responsible for the proper functioning of the provincial government departments assigned to them by the Premier. In the Western Cape, two of the Ministers are external appointments and apart from the fact that they do not have voting rights, are otherwise regarded as full Members of the House. Ministers must provide the provincial Parliament with regular reports on the activities of their departments and are accountable to Parliament. They are appointed and dismissed at the discretion of the Premier. Every member of the Cabinet has responsibility for one or more of the 13 departments, which include Agriculture, Education, Health, Housing, Local Government, Social Services, Transport and Public Works. <a name="leader"></a>Leader Of The House The Leader of the House is a member of the majority grouping, appointed by the Premier, who acts as the link between the Executive and Parliament. He or she is in charge of government business and is responsible for the day-to-day programming of such business in the House in consultation with the Premier, other ministers and whips of all parties. <a name="opposition"></a>Leader Of The Opposition An effective Opposition is essential for a democracy to function properly. Traditionally, the Opposition is responsible for scrutinising, questioning, and if necessary, criticising government policies. The Leader of the Opposition is the member who heads the largest party elected to Parliament that is not the governing party, and his or her main responsibilities are to act as chief spokesperson for his or her party, to be active and vigilant in monitoring the activities of government, to guide and form public opinion on issues of policy in the province, to examine and criticise provincial government spending, and to provide policy alternatives for the consideration of the government and people at large. The Leader of the Opposition could also be regarded as the shadow Premier who will take over if the governing party were to lose an election. <a name="whips"></a>Whips Whips are Members of parties who are elected by them to manage their affairs in Parliament. Their main duties are to keep their Members informed of the business to be conducted in the House, to ensure their attendance in the House and in committee meetings, to determine the party's speakers in a debate, to ensure party discipline, and to attend to administrative duties such as the allocation of offices and equipment to their members. <a name="chiefwhip"></a>Chief Whip The Chief Whip is directly responsible to the Premier and the Leader of the House. As the governing party determines a large portion of the legislative agenda, the Chief Whip has special responsibilities, namely to assist the Leader of the House in ensuring that the timetable for the legislative programme is adhered to, to move procedural motions, to compile a list of speakers in debates, and to liaise with Ministers with regard to parliamentary business that affect their departments. <a name="speaker"></a>Speaker The Speaker is the Chief Presiding Officer and political head of the administration of Parliament. Members elect the Speaker and Deputy Speaker from their own ranks at the first meeting of the House after a general election. The Speaker has a variety of important duties, which he or she is expected to exercise impartially and independently, acting above partisan influences and interests to ensure that Parliament is a forum for fair and open debate. The Speaker's duties in the House can be summed up as follows: <ul> <li> To preside over sittings of the House; <li> to maintain order and ensure that Members adhere to the formal procedures, rules of debate and Standing Rules of the House; <li> to call Members to speak; <li> to propose questions for debate and discussion; <li> to put the question at the conclusion of debates; <li> to conduct divisions and declare decisions; <li> to rule on points of order and matters of misconduct; <li> to take disciplinary action against Members; and <li> to cast a vote only in the event of an equality of votes or a deliberative vote when a question must be decided with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of the Members of the House. </li> </ul> Other important functions of the Speaker are to certify that the conditions imposed by the Constitution have been met concerning all Bills passed by the House. The Speaker is the custodian of the powers and privileges of the House, such as freedom of speech in Parliament. He or she represents the House as its spokesperson in external relations, presents Bills for assent, receives communications to Parliament, tables certain papers and reports in the House, and receives important visitors, dignitaries and delegations. As the head of the administration of Parliament, the Speaker takes responsibility for the Parliamentary building complex, the provision of facilities for Members, the finances and administration of the House and its support staff, and the radio and television broadcasts of debates. He or she is also the chairperson of the Rules Committee, which has a broad policy-making function. In the Speaker's absence, the Deputy Speaker presides over meetings of the House. The Deputy Speaker is also Chairperson of Committees when the House resolves itself into Committee of the whole House when examining a Bill in detail and considering amendments. In terms of precedence the Speaker ranks with provincial Ministers. <a href="#top">Back to top</a> <a name="symbols"></a> <h2>SYMBOLS</h2> The Coat of Arms is the symbol of the Western Cape Province and the Mace is the symbol of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament. Coat of Arms The Coat of Arms of the Western Cape Province symbolises some of the most important elements of the province's history, industry and natural resources. The anchor in the shield symbolises hope, stability and faith. It also alludes to the province's maritime history and marine riches. The bunch of grapes alludes to the importance of agriculture in the broader sense, and in a narrower context to the province as an important wine-producing region. The clay pot on the base of the shield symbolises the manufacturing sector, and incorporates an artefact created by the early inhabitants of the province, the Khoikhoi. A Quagga and a Bontebok support the shield. The former is extinct, but is currently part of a specialised breeding programme, which hopes to produce a close replica. The latter was saved from the brink of extinction and is unique to the province. These two animals stand on a base in the form of a stylised representation of Table Mountain, the Western Cape's most recognised natural feature. On the upper rim of the shield rests a distinctive coronet comprising a beaded head-ring, heightened with alternating protea flower heads and rings. Beneath the base is a ribbon in the form of ostrich feathers, inscribed with the motto "Spes Bona" meaning good hope. <a name="mace"></a>Mace The mace, used in many Parliaments across the world, was originally a club-like weapon made of iron or steel. Nowadays it is mainly used as a ceremonial staff of office and as a symbol of the authority of the Speaker and the right of Members of Parliament to exercise freedom of speech. At the beginning of each sitting of the House, the mace is placed on a table in front of the Speaker and only removed when the House adjourns at the end of the sitting or resolves itself into Committee of the Whole House. The arrangement of symbols on the Mace of the Western Cape Parliament is similar to the Coat of Arms. At the top of the staff is a coronet of proteas and rings. The crown sits on a Khoikhoi pot, decorated with anchors and bunches of grapes. Just above and below the pot is traditional San beadwork. At the bottom of the shaft is a protea. The top and bottom of the mace consist of nine-carat white and yellow gold. The staff itself is made of stinkwood, a wood indigenous to the Western Cape. The Mace was manufactured by the South African Mint in Pretoria and taken into use on February 19, 1999. <a href="#top">Back to top</a> <h2>ORGANISATION OF PARLIAMENTARY WORK</h2> Functions The core function of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament is to pass laws to ensure the smooth functioning of the Province, and to take decisions on issues affecting the lives of the inhabitants of the Province. It consists of 42 members, elected for a period of five years through a system of proportional representation, i.e. a party's candidates are elected in proportion to the number of votes the party wins of the total number of votes cast in the general election of that province. In addition, two Ministers may be appointed by the Premier. They become full Members of the House, except that they do not have voting rights. The Western Cape Provincial Parliament has the following additional functions: to pass legislation falling within the category of affairs assigned to it in the national Constitution; to control the functions of the Provincial Administration and ensure that it its accountable to Parliament and the public; to determine and control its internal affairs; to ensure public participation in its proceedings and that of local authorities in matters that affect them; and to ensure proper participation by the Province in the activities of the National Council of Provinces. <a name="chamber"></a>Chamber The Chamber of the House is the venue where most of the proceedings in Parliament take place. At the one end of the Chamber is the Speaker's chair, raised above floor level to indicate his or her authority and responsibility as the presiding officer in debates. Members of the majority grouping sit together to the Speaker's right and Members of opposition parties sit together to the Speaker's left. Immediately in front of the Speaker's dais is the table where members of the Secretariat of Parliament sit to assist the Speaker administratively and procedurally during proceedings in the House. In front of them is the table on which the Mace is placed. Elsewhere in the Chamber, provision is made for the Hansard staff that record the proceedings, members of the Press attending sittings, senior provincial officials and the general public. <a name="sessions"></a>Sessions and Sittings Each set of meetings of Parliament for the year is generally regarded as a session of Parliament. Each meeting of the House on a particular day is called a sitting. The Standing Rules of Parliament, a set of rules adopted by Parliament in order to govern its business, provide inter alia for the way in which business should be conducted in the House. In terms of the Standing Rules, Mondays to Fridays are sitting days. Sitting hours are from 14:15 to adjournment, except on Fridays, when sitting hours are from 10:00 until adjournment. An Order Paper is published for each sitting day, which contains the agenda of business to be dealt with on that particular day, and other useful information for members such as motions previously moved, the progress of Bills, and the programme of committee meetings. Prayers are read at the commencement of each sitting day. On a normal sitting day, the order of business is usually as follows: prayers; notices of motion (matters for discussion and/or decision at a next sitting); formal motions (matters requiring an immediate decision); and orders of the day (items for discussion and /or decision as arranged by the Leader of the House in consultation with other role players). Interpellations (short debates of 15 minutes each on a matter of topical interest put to a member of the Cabinet) and Questions for oral reply (to obtain information from members of the Cabinet relating to the public affairs with which he or she is connected or to a matter of administration for which he or she is responsible, but for which no debate is allowed), have precedence over all other business of the House on Tuesdays, for which a separate Question Paper is published. Provision is also made in the Standing Rules for debates on matters of public or urgent public importance to take precedence over other business programmed for a specific day at the discretion of the Speaker. <a name="quorums"></a>Quorums The presence of at least one third of the Members is required to form a meeting of the House. All questions before the House are decided by a majority of the votes cast. In some cases, larger majorities are required. The supporting vote of a majority of the members of the House is required to adopt a resolution to dissolve the Provincial Parliament, to remove the Speaker or another presiding officer from office, or a motion of no confidence in the Provincial Cabinet or the Premier. A supporting vote of at least two thirds of the Members is required to remove the Premier from office, to adopt a bill providing for provincial symbols or to replace, amend or repeal the Constitution of the Western Cape. <a name="rules"></a>Rules Of Debate Members may speak to a question before the House, to amendments proposed to a question, to a point of order or a question of privilege. There are various rules of order and debate to which a Member must conform while in the House. A Member may not converse aloud during a debate, interrupt another Member who is speaking, except to raise a point of order or a question of privilege, and may not persist with the repetition of arguments. Members are called to speak by the Presiding Officer in accordance with a list of speakers for a specific period of time allocated by the whips of the different parties. Members must address the Chair when speaking, may not refer to other Members by name only, must refrain from reading his or her speech, may not use offensive language, may not reflect on a decision taken by the House less than six months previously, may not reflect upon the honour or competence of a judge, may not refer to any matter on which a judicial decision is pending, and may not anticipate the discussion of a matter appearing on the Order Paper. If a Presiding Officer is of the opinion that a Member is deliberately contravening a provision of the rules, or is in contempt of or is disregarding the authority of the Chair, or that a Member's conduct is grossly disorderly, he or she may order the Member to withdraw immediately from the Chamber for the remainder of the day's sitting. Freedom of speech is one of the most cherished and significant privileges of Parliament. It allows members great freedom in debating whatever matter is before the House and in their speeches to expose and criticise whatever they think should be exposed or criticised. By law this freedom cannot be questioned in any court of law or any place outside of Parliament. However, Parliament's own rules and practices require of Members not to abuse this freedom <a href="#top">Back to top</a> <a name="legislative"></a> <h2>LEGISLATIVE PROCESS AND ROLE OF COMMITTEES</h2> In terms of the Constitution the legislative authority in the Republic of the national sphere of government is vested in national Parliament, while the legislative authority of the provincial sphere of government is vested in the provincial Parliament. The provincial Parliament is bound only by the national and its own Constitution. Provincial legislatures have a say in the legislative process at national level through their representation in the National Council of Provinces (NCOP). <a name="national"></a>National Bills The national Constitution provides for the legislative process in respect of national legislation. In respect of Bills affecting provinces (so-called section 76 Bills), provinces have a major role to play, as their views must be taken into account before such legislation can be passed at national level. Such Bills affecting provinces are referred to the provincial legislatures by the NCOP for their input and to obtain their mandates on whether to assent to such legislation or not, or to amend such legislation to the satisfaction of the provinces. Provincial committees meet to discuss these bills and to formulate a province's view or mandate on such legislation, which is ultimately transmitted back to the NCOP by the province's delegates in that body. In the NCOP, a province has one vote on such Bills, usually exercised by the Premier of that province or his or her nominee. Provincial legislatures do not decide how their provinces will vote on national Bills that do not affect provinces (so-called section 75 bills). Although they may discuss them, their Members in the NCOP can individually choose how to vote, and they usually do so along party lines. Such Bills cannot be amended, but amendments can be proposed for adoption by the National Assembly. Provincial legislatures may hold public hearings on both types of Bills. This is often useful as it enables the national Parliament to consult at a local level. <a name="provincial"></a>Provincial Bills The legislative process in a province commences when a Minister, a Member or a committee initiates a Bill. In practice, a Bill normally originates from a government department and is submitted by its Minister to Parliament for introduction and distribution. The Bill then moves through various stages through Parliament until its final adoption and submission to the Premier for assent and promulgation. The stages are: tabling and First Reading; referral of Bill to relevant standing select (or portfolio) committee; Second Reading debate; referral of Bill to Committee of Whole House; Third Reading debate; Bill transmitted to Premier for assent and promulgation. Once a provincial Bill has been tabled, it is deemed to have been read for the first time. Its short title may also be read out in the House by the Secretary. Thereafter the Bill is published in the Provincial Gazette for public comment. The public has 21 days to submit comments on the Bill to Parliament for consideration unless the Premier has declared the Bill an urgent matter. After 21 days, the Bill is sent to the relevant standing select (or portfolio) committee for detailed consideration. <a name="committees"></a>Committees The Western Cape Provincial Parliament currently has a number of select committees corresponding with provincial Government portfolios. An ad hoc committee (temporary committee) can also be appointed by resolution of the House to deal with a specific bill. Committees play an important role in parliamentary processes. The monitoring of the activities of government departments by way of presentations by senior officials and Ministers and conducting public hearings on a variety of subjects affecting departments, have led to better awareness of public issues and an improvement of services in the public sector. They are the ideal vehicle for Parliament to fulfill its role in terms of the Constitution, which makes provision for participatory democracy, accountability, transparency and public involvement in the legislative processes. A standing select committee is made up of between 5 to 20 members proportionally representing all parties and, apart from the power to examine bills, may also investigate matters of public importance, hold public hearings, hear oral evidence and receive written submissions from the public. In this way the views of the electorate are taken into account before a law is passed in Parliament. Committee meetings are generally open to the public unless they decide to consider matters behind closed doors. Once a committee has completed its discussion on a Bill and, if necessary, has amended the Bill, it is submitted, together with its report, to the House. The second reading stage of the Bill then follows. The principle and objectives of the bill are discussed by all parties in open debate in the House. Once the second reading has been approved (by vote if required), the bill may be referred to a Committee of the Whole House (all members sitting in open debate in the House), where the bill is considered clause-by-clause and further amendments may be effected. Finally, the Bill is submitted to the House for a "third reading", and if approved, the Bill is submitted to the Premier for signature, whereupon it becomes an Act. If not approved by the House, the Bill will not proceed any further. The Act is given a date and number, for example, Act 34 of 1998, and is published in the Provincial Gazette. This numbering means that it was the thirty-fourth Act to be passed by the Provincial Parliament in 1998. <a name="money"></a>Money Bills A money Bill is a Bill that appropriates money or imposes taxes, levies or duties, and may not deal with any other matter. Such a bill may only be introduced by the Minister responsible for financial matters, and any amendment to increase expenditure or taxation or to extend the incidence of a tax may not be put unless the Minister has moved it or the Premier has approved it. The Bill is not published in the Provincial Gazette after First Reading and the committee to which it is referred for deliberation may not effect any amendments, otherwise the same procedure as for other bills applies. <a href="#top">Back to top</a> <a name="thebudget"></a> <h2>THE BUDGET AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY</h2> <a name="budget"></a>The Budget Each year, normally during March, the provincial Minister responsible for financial matters presents the annual budget of the Province for the ensuing financial year to Parliament for approval. It is presented in the form of a Bill, the Appropriation Bill, and states how much money the provincial Government intends to spend during the coming year and how it will be divided among the different provincial government departments. The budget comes from public money that is collected from the taxpayer. Each province receives a budget allocation from the national government which could, to a limited extent, be augmented from own sources, and has to decide how to divide its allocation amongst its departments. After its introduction and First Reading, the Appropriation Bill is referred to the standing select committee on finance for a maximum of five working days. This gives the committee the opportunity to call Ministers and their senior officials to come and explain what they plan to achieve with the money proposed to be allocated to them. Experts from outside can also be called to give their opinions on the budget. After the committee has reported to the House, Members get the opportunity during the Second Reading debate to further question Ministers on how they will spend their departments' budgets during the coming year, and opposition parties then have the opportunity to comment on and criticise the way the government is being run, and to make alternative proposals. After the allocations to the various departments have been debated (the so-called parliamentary votes), Parliament decides on the budget as a whole. Should budget allocations prove to have been inadequate later during the year, additional funds can be made available by passing an Additional Appropriation Bill in Parliament. <a name="financial"></a>Financial Accountability Both the national and provincial Constitutions provide that all provincial executive organs of state are accountable to the provincial Parliament. The most important body in Parliament which is utilised to keep the Executive financially accountable to it is the Standing Committee on Public Accounts. This committee acts as Parliament's watchdog over the spending of public money by the Executive. It is assisted by the Auditor-General, who submits annual reports on the finances of departments for consideration and report to the committee. Heads of departments and other bodies and institutions are regularly called to account to the committee. By keeping the House informed by way of substantial reports of the results of its investigations, it enables Parliament to take the necessary action if required. Other standing committees may also call Ministers and senior officials to make presentations to them on any of their departments' activities. <a href="#top">Back to top</a> <a name="admin"></a> <h2>ADMINISTRATION OF PARLIAMENT</h2> <a name="secretary"></a>Secretary to Parliament The Secretary to Parliament is the chief executive officer of the administration of Parliament. He or she is responsible for the arrangement of all matters connected with the business of the House, subject to the directions of the Speaker or the House. The Secretary must ensure that the Standing Rules are applied in accordance with parliamentary procedure and practice, and it is therefore important that he or she has a thorough knowledge of such procedure and practices in South Africa as well as other countries, and is often called to advise the presiding officers and members on these matters. The duties of the Secretary at the table in the House also include the announcement of the Orders of the Day, the reading of the short titles of Bills, and the keeping of the Minutes of Procedure of the House. The Secretary is the custodian of all records and other papers of the House, and as the accounting officer, is charged with the collection, receipt, custody and payment of monies for the services of Parliament, as well as the receipt, custody and control of the property acquired for the administration of Parliament. The Secretary assists the Speaker with his or her responsibility for the finances and administration of parliament and its support staff. Whenever the Secretary is absent or unable to perform his or her functions, one of the two Deputy Secretaries acts as Secretary. The Secretary is assisted by an administration consisting of a Procedural Services Division and a Finance and Administration Division. The Procedural Services Division is responsible for procedural and administrative support to the House and Committees, Research and Library services to Members and general translation and interpretation services. The Finance and Administration Division provides a corporate service, including: Finance, Human Resources, Information Technology support and Household Services, to Members and staff. <a href="#top">Back to top</a> <a name="public"></a> <h2>PUBLIC PARTICIPATION </h2> The people of the Western Cape are encouraged to become involved in the proceedings of the provincial Parliament. You can either become involved in Parliament by observing the proceedings and listening to the viewpoints of the various parties in open debate or actively participate in the law-making process by making submissions or representations on draft legislation. Casting your vote for the party of your choice in the general elections is the first step to become involved in the parliamentary process yourself and to make sure that your representatives (MPPS) carry out their mandates. Some of the debates are broadcast live on television while the press (who are accommodated on the Press Gallery) report on topical issues on a regular basis. All draft legislation (Bills introduced in Parliament) are advertised for an extensive period for public comment. Any member of the public or interested groups can make representations to a committee considering the Bill. All comments and representations received are taken into account and could lead to the bill being amended. Sometimes public hearings are held on certain issues where members of the public can attend and speak at such hearings. <a name="visits"></a>Visits Visitors are welcome to attend the proceedings of the provincial Parliament. The times and venues of plenary sittings, committee meetings and public hearings can be obtained from the parliamentary website, by contacting the Communication Section or by visiting the parliamentary Visitors' Centre. Parliament also offers short tours of the building. Visitors wishing to go on tours, however, should make prior arrangements with the Communication Section. Visitors to the provincial Parliament must please report to the Visitors' Centre at 7 Wale Street where they will be issued with the necessary permits and directed to the relevant venue. Visitors to Ministers, Members and provincial departments must please arrange such visits directly with the Minister, Member or provincial department concerned. All relevant information with regard to the Western Cape Provincial Parliament can be accessed online from the parliamentary website (www.wcpp.gov.za) which is updated on a regular basis. Alternatively, you are welcome to visit to the parliamentary Visitors' Centre situated on the ground floor at 7 Wale Street, Cape Town or contact the communication section: Matthew Parks Public Relations Manager Western Cape Provincial Parliament P O Box 648, Cape Town, RSA, 8000 tel: +27 (0)21 487 1863 fax: +27 (0)21 487 1698 e-mail: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724210948/mailto:mparks@wcpp.gov.za">mparks@wcpp.gov.za</a> m: +27 082 785 0687 <a href="#top">Back to top</a> <a name="glossary"></a> <h2>GLOSSARY</h2> The following terms are frequently used in a parliamentary context: <table cellpadding="5" width="590"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="180">Abstention </td> <td>Refusal to vote either for or against a question. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Act of Parliament </td> <td>When a Bill has become a law i.e. it has been assented to by the President/Premier. Unless a provision of the Act specifies otherwise, the Act comes into force on the date of assent. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Ad Hoc Committee </td> <td>A temporary parliamentary committee established for a specific purpose and with a limited lifespan. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Adjournment </td> <td>When a sitting of a Parliament is brought to a close after business has been concluded. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Alternate Member </td> <td>A Member appointed to substitute a core Member of a committee normally where a standing select committee (portfolio committee) has been assigned more than one portfolio. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Amendments </td> <td>Changes (or proposed changes) to a Bill or motions before the House or a committee. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Appropriation </td> <td>A sum of money allocated by Parliament for a specific purpose outlined in the government spending estimates. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Appropriation Bill </td> <td>A Bill to authorise government expenditure. An appropriation Bill can only be introduced by the Minister responsible for financial matters. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Auditor General </td> <td>The person responsible for the independent examination of the Government’s accounts. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Back-bencher </td> <td>A Member who does not hold a leadership position in his/her party and is not a parliamentary office-bearer. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Ballot paper </td> <td>A paper on which a voter indicates his/her choice. In the House secret ballots are used only for the election of the Premier, Speaker and Deputy Speaker. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Bicameralism </td> <td>A legislative body comprised of two chambers or houses. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Bill </td> <td>A proposed new law, or draft law, which has not yet been passed by the House </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Bill of Rights </td> <td>A part of the national Constitution which outlines the basic rights of every citizen. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Budget </td> <td>The provincial Government’s statement of its fiscal, economic and social policies. It is usually presented once a year. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">By-law </td> <td>Laws written by Municipal Councils. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Cabinet </td> <td>The executive arm of government. It comprises the Premier and Ministers. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Cabinet Minister </td> <td>A member of the Executive, appointed by the Premier and usually chosen from among existing Members. Ministers are responsible to the provincial Parliament for their official actions and those of their Departments. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Casting Vote </td> <td>A deciding vote by the Presiding Officer when there is an equal number of votes. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Chamber </td> <td>The place where the House meets for its plenary sittings. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Civil servant </td> <td>Government official, also known as a public servant. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Civil service (or public service) </td> <td>The body responsible for implementing the policies of Government. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Clause </td> <td>A division of a Bill consisting of an individual sentence or statement. Once a Bill becomes an Act, its clauses are referred to as sections. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Co-operative government </td> <td>Co-operative government obliges the three spheres of government (national, provincial and local) to work together in a supportive manner. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) </td> <td>The CCMA is an independent statutory body that helps anyone whose labour rights have been violated and/or is a victim of an unfair labour practice. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Commission for Gender Equality (CGE) </td> <td>This Commission is a watchdog for gender equality and is particularly concerned with the rights of women. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural. Religious and Linguistic Communities </td> <td>This Commission promotes respect for all communities in South Africa with regard to culture, religion and language. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Committee </td> <td>A group of Members assigned to consider issues relating to a particular subject area. Committees consider and report on Bills and issues which the House refers to them. They also provide an oversight function of Government and Departments. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Committee of Whole House </td> <td>All of the Members of the House sitting as a committee. Presided over by a chairperson rather than by the Speaker, it performs a detailed study of Bills and any other matters referred to it by the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Conflict of interest </td> <td>A conflict arising from any interest, pecuniary or other, which interferes with a Member’s ability to perform his/her functions. Such a conflict may prevent a Member from voting on a given issue. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Constituency </td> <td>An electoral district to whom an elected representative is responsible. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Constitution </td> <td>The supreme law of the land by which the country is governed. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Constitutional Court </td> <td>The highest court dealing only with matters relating to the Constitution. All laws can be tested in the Constitutional Court to ensure that they are not in conflict with the Constitution. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Contempt of Parliament </td> <td>An offence against the authority or dignity of Parliament, including disobedience of its orders or libel against it or its Members. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Delegated legislation </td> <td>Regulations made by departments, boards or agencies by virtue of the power conferred on them by some Act of Parliament. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Deliberations </td> <td>Discussions in a committee meeting or plenary sitting without decisions being taken. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Deputy Speaker </td> <td>A person elected to assist the Speaker and to act as Speaker when the latter is absent. The Deputy Speaker also acts as Chair of Committees during Committee of the Whole House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Division </td> <td>The physical dividing of the Members into two groups (the “Ayes” and the “Noes”) in order to indicate support or otherwise for a question. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Division list </td> <td>A list giving the results of a recorded division, printed in the Minutes of Proceedings. Members, identified by name, are listed under “Ayes” or “Noes”. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Embargo </td> <td>A restriction on the distribution or publication of a document or the information it contains, until some time stipulated for its release. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Erskine May’s Parliamentary Procedure </td> <td>A procedural authority providing a complete description of the rules, practices and precedents in the United Kingdom’s House of Commons at Westminster. The original edition was prepared in 1844 by Sir Thomas Erskine May, Clerk of the British House of Com </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Estimates </td> <td>The departmental expenditure plans, tabled as required. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Executive </td> <td>The branch of government concerned with the formulation and execution of policy. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Explanatory Memorandum </td> <td>A brief explanation of the provisions of a Bill. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">First Reading </td> <td>A stage in the House when a Bill is introduced and tabled for the first time. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Fiscal </td> <td>The term used when describing money the government receives from taxes. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Fiscal year </td> <td>The twelve month period, from 1 April to 31 March, used by the government for budgetary and accounting purposes. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Floor of the House </td> <td>That part of the Chamber reserved for the Members of the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Front benches </td> <td>The first few rows of seats in the House which, on the government side, are occupied by the Premier and the provincial Cabinet and, on the Opposition side, by the leaders of opposition parties and their senior Members. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Gallery </td> <td>A demarcated area in the House for the public and visitors during plenary sittings. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Green Paper </td> <td>A draft policy document a department prepares for consultation purposes. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Hansard </td> <td>The official verbatim report of proceedings in the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Hybrid Bill </td> <td>A public Bill that adversely affects or may adversely affect the private interests of particular persons or bodies. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">In camera meeting </td> <td>A meeting from which the public is excluded. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Instruction </td> <td>A direction by the House to a committee which has already received an order of reference, further defining its course of action or empowering it to do something. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Intergovernmental relations </td> <td>The interaction between national, provincial and local government. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Interpellation </td> <td>A mini debate limited to fifteen minutes in which a member of the Executive replies to a Member’s question. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Introduction of Bill </td> <td>The first presentation of a Bill to the House for its consideration. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Judicial Service Commission </td> <td>This Commission advises government on matters relating to the administration of justice, such as the appointment of judges. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Judiciary The arm of state dealing with the administration of justice. </td> <td>The arm of state dealing with the administration of justice. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Leader of the House </td> <td>A Cabinet Minister responsible for the programming of government business in the House and who serves as a link between the Cabinet and the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Legislature </td> <td>A law-making body of elected representatives. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Lobbyist </td> <td>A person or group who actively engages in attempting to influence legislators with respect to some specific area of interest. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Long title </td> <td>The title of a Bill which sets out in general terms the purposes of the Bill. It must encompass all aspects of the Bill and if the Bill is amended it may be necessary to amend the long title to reflect those changes. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Mace </td> <td>A richly ornamented staff which is the symbol of authority of the House. When the Speaker takes the Chair, the Mace is placed on the Table by the Serjeant-at-Arms to signify the House is in session. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Maiden speech </td> <td>A Member’s first speech in the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Mediation Committee </td> <td>A facilitating committee should there be disagreement between the NA and NCOP on a Section 76 bill. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) </td> <td>An elected representative in the provincial Parliament chosen from a party list according to the number of votes obtained in the election. There are 42 MMP’s in the provincial Parliament of the Western Cape. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Ministerial responsibility </td> <td>The principle that Ministers are responsible to the House for their actions and those of their departmental officials. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">MINMEC meeting </td> <td>Meeting between a Minister and the nine provincial Members of the Executive Council (MEC’s) dealing with similar portfolios. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Minutes of Proceedings </td> <td>The official printed record of the proceedings of the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Money Bills </td> <td>Money Bills appropriate money or impose taxes, levies or duties. These Bills can only be introduced by the Minister responsible for financial matters. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Motion </td> <td>A proposal that the House do something, order that something be done, or express an opinion. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Mover </td> <td>A Member presenting a motion in the House. When debate is permitted, the Member speaks immediately following the proposing of the question to the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Naming a Member </td> <td>A disciplinary procedure to maintain order in the House. The Speaker names a Member for serious misconduct in the Chamber and the Member has to withdraw from the Chamber for the remainder of the day’s sitting. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">National Assembly </td> <td>A Chamber of National Parliament. It currently has 400 Members with each party being represented in proportion to its support in the last election. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">National Council of Provinces (NCOP) </td> <td>A Chamber of National Parliament. It represents the provinces at the national level and provides a link to the provinces. Each province has ten delegates: six permanent and four special delegates. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) </td> <td>The National Prosecuting Authority, headed by the National Director of Public Prosecutions, charged with the responsibility of co-ordinating the effective prosecution of suspects charged with criminal offences. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">National Youth Commission </td> <td>The Commission established to assist the Government in developing a comprehensive youth development policy. It is a statutory body but it is not included in the Constitution and does not enjoy constitutional protection. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">NCOP Committee </td> <td>A Committee which specifically considers NCOP/provincial Parliament related matters. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Official Opposition </td> <td>The Official Opposition is the largest opposition party to the governing party/coalition in the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Opposition </td> <td>All the parties in the House that do not form part of the governing party/coalition. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Order Paper </td> <td>A programme containing the agenda of the House and other information relevant to the proceedings of a House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Out of order </td> <td>Contrary to the rules of parliamentary procedure. The expression may be applied to motions, Bills or to any intervention which offends against the rules of the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Pan South African Language Board </td> <td>This Board’s task is to protect, promote and develop the eleven official languages as well as to promote and ensure respect for all languages spoken in the country. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Parliament </td> <td>Parliament is an elected body of representatives responsible for passing national legislation and overseeing the work of the national Executive. It comprises the National Assembly (NA) and the National Council of Provinces (NCOP). </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Parliamentary privilege </td> <td>Members of Parliament and of provincial Legislatures have freedom of speech in the House and in its committees, subject to its rules and orders. They are not liable to civil or criminal proceedings, arrest, imprisonment or damages for anything they say. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Parliamentary procedure </td> <td>The rules by which the House conducts its business, based on statutes, the Standing Rules, authoritative procedural works, precedents, and tradition. Decisions by the Speaker are based on these rules. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Parliamentary questions </td> <td>Questions to Ministers by Members which have been printed on the Question Paper. Answers may be given either orally or in writing. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Party caucus </td> <td>An exclusive meeting of the members of a specific political party. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Party discipline </td> <td>The control exercised by a party over the positions held by its members and over the way in which they vote. The enforcement of party discipline is one of the whip’s duties. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Permanent delegates </td> <td>A permanent representative from a province in the NCOP. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Petition </td> <td>A written request or complaint made by one or more members of the public. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Plenary session </td> <td>A full sitting of the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Point of order </td> <td>A question raised with respect to any departure from the Standing Rules or customary procedures, either in debate or in the conduct of House or committee business. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Political party </td> <td>A group of people sharing a particular ideology and set of goals which puts forward candidates for election to the national and provincial Parliament. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Portfolio </td> <td>The specific area of responsibility allocated to a Cabinet Minister. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Portfolio Committee </td> <td>A parliamentary committee that focuses on a particular government department and its field of work. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Prayers </td> <td>At every sitting of the House, the Speaker reads prayers before any business is entered upon. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Preamble (of a Bill) The part of a Bill preceding the main text which states the reasons for its introduction and the ends which it seeks to attain </td> <td>The part of a Bill preceding the main text which states the reasons for its introduction and the ends which it seeks to attain </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Precedent </td> <td>A Speaker’s ruling or a practice of the House taken as a rule for subsequent cases of a similar nature. Not all decisions and practices constitute precedents. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Precincts of provincial Parliament </td> <td>Buildings accommodating Members, the Chamber, and the rooms reserved for committee meetings and any other area designated as such. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Premier </td> <td>The Head of the Executive in a province elected by the House for a term of five years. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">President </td> <td>The head of the national Executive who is elected by the National Assembly for a term of five years. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Presiding officers </td> <td>Officer elected by a Legislature to oversee the proceedings of the House and to provide guidance, direction and control. Typically these are the Speaker and Deputy Speaker in most Legislatures and the Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson of the NCOP. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Press gallery </td> <td>A gallery in the House reserved for accredited members of the media. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Proceedings </td> <td>The activities that take place in the House or in a committee. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Proportional representation </td> <td>A political party receives a share of seats in the House in direct proportion to the number of votes cast for the party in the elections. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Provincial Gazette </td> <td>Official provincial paper in which all official documents and notices are printed. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Public hearing </td> <td>The receiving of oral evidence by a committee publicly. Hearings may be held on a specific topic or concerning a particular legislative proposal. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Public participation </td> <td>Public participation is the process whereby members of the public participate in the law-making process by attending meetings or submitting written or oral submissions on a specific topic. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Public Protector </td> <td>A person appointed by Parliament to protect citizens from unfair treatment by the state and its officials as well as from inefficient administration and dishonesty with respect to public money. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Question Paper </td> <td>The Question Paper contains notices of interpellations and questions being put to members of the Executive for oral or written reply. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Quorum </td> <td>The number of Members required to constitute a meeting of the House or a committee. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Reading of Bill </td> <td>A stage in the legislative process </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Recess </td> <td>The period when the House does not sit and has adjourned for a specified period. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Referendum </td> <td>An official consultation conducted by a government on a specific issue by way of a ballot. The result of a referendum is binding. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Report to House </td> <td>A written statement by a committee to the House, giving the outcome of an inquiry or requesting additional powers. For a committee studying a Bill, the Bill itself, and any amendments made thereto, constitutes its report. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Resolution </td> <td>A motion adopted by the House in order to make a declaration of opinion or purpose. A resolution does not have the effect of requiring that any action be taken. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Responsible government </td> <td>The principle that Ministers are collectively responsible to the House for the actions of the Government. The legislative branch of Government thus exercises control over the Executive. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Ruling </td> <td>A ruling on the procedural acceptability of some matter before the House, which, unless otherwise specified, serves as a precedent to govern future proceedings. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">SALGA </td> <td>The South African Local Government Association comprises representatives of local government organisations and aims to promote local government in South Africa as provided for in Section 163 of the Constitution </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Schedule </td> <td>An appendix to a Bill which contains matters of detail not suitable for inclusion in a clause, or the text of an agreement which the Bill brings into effect. Schedules form part of a Bill and are subject to amendment. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Scope (of a Bill) </td> <td>The field of applicability of a Bill as indicated by its text. Motions to amend a Bill may not attempt either to alter or extend its scope. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Second reading </td> <td>The stage at which the principle and object of a Bill is either accepted or rejected. Detailed consideration is not given to the clauses of the Bill at this stage. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Secret vote </td> <td>A vote by secret ballot. This method of voting is used for the election of the Premier, Speaker and Deputy Speaker. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Secretary </td> <td>The Secretary is the Accounting Officer of the parliamentary administration and the chief adviser on procedural matters. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Section of Act </td> <td>Each separate division of an Act, numbered with an Arabic numeral. The clauses of a Bill become sections once the Bill becomes and Act. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Serjeant-at-Arms </td> <td>The senior officer of the House responsible for security and the maintenance of the provincial Parliamentary building. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Shadow cabinet </td> <td>The group of Members in each opposition party, especially the Official Opposition, chosen to act as party critics for each of the ministerial portfolios. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Short title </td> <td>The title of a proposed Act, used for purposes of citation. Short titles need not cover all of the provisions of a Bill. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Sitting </td> <td>A meeting of the House. A sitting may last for only a matter of minutes or may extend over several hours. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) </td> <td>The commission responsible for promoting respect for human rights by all South Africans as well as protecting and monitoring human rights in South Africa </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Speaker </td> <td>The Speaker is the directing authority of the parliamentary administration and presides over meetings of the House and ensures that debate and proceedings are carried out in accordance with the Rules. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Special delegates </td> <td>The four Members to the NCOP a province is entitled to apart from its permanent delegates. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Standing Committee </td> <td>A permanent committee. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Standing Rules </td> <td>The collection of the permanent written rules adopted by the House to govern its proceedings. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">State Law Adviser </td> <td>The legal specialist who checks that draft Bills are constitutional and refines and approves draft Bills. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Statutory body </td> <td>A body established by an Act of Parliament e.g. South African Human Rights Commission. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Sub judice convention </td> <td>A convention whereby Members refrain from making reference to matters which are before the courts. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Subcommittee </td> <td>A committee of a committee, to which the latter may delegate its powers, except the power to report to the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Submission </td> <td>Submissions are verbal or written comments by a person or organisation on a proposed new law or policy. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Supplementary question </td> <td>A question seeking clarification or further information following a Minister’s response to a question during the oral question period. The Speaker has wide discretion in permitting the posing of supplementary questions. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Suspend a Member </td> <td>The action of dismissing a Member from the services of the House and its committees for one or more days as a result of disorder. This action may be exercised by the Speaker alone, or as an order of the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Suspension of sitting </td> <td>A pause during the course of a sitting of the House. When the sitting is suspended, the Speaker leaves the Chair but the Mace remains on the Table. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Swearing in </td> <td>Making an oath or affirmation in the House in order to take one’s place as a Member in the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Table </td> <td>The Table in front of the Speaker’s Chair at which the Secretary and the other table officers sit. Copies of frequently consulted procedural authorities are kept on the Table for the convenience of Members. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Table Officers </td> <td>The clerks who provide procedural advice during sittings of the House, take the votes and keep the Minutes of Proceedings. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Tabling </td> <td>The process whereby Bills and documents are introduced in the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Temporary Chairperson of Committees </td> <td>A Member nominated to serve as a replacement for the Chairperson of Committees during the latter’s absence. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Third reading </td> <td>The last stage of consideration of a Bill in the House, at the conclusion of which the Bill as a whole is either finally approved or rejected. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Unicameralism </td> <td>A parliamentary system in which the legislative power is vested in one chamber. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Unparliamentary language </td> <td>Words or expressions contrary to the proprieties of the House. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Voice vote </td> <td>An oral vote held without recording individual Members’ votes or the number of “Ayes” and “Noes”. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Vote </td> <td>(1) The formal expression of opinion for the purpose of reaching a decision. (2) An individual item of the Estimates indicating the amount of money required by the government for a particular programme or function. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Whip </td> <td>A party whip is a member of the House appointed to ensure the smooth functioning of the House. The different parties represented in the House are entitled to the number of whips relative to their numerical strength. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">White Paper </td> <td>Government policy in a specific field. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="180">Witness </td> <td>A person invited to appear before a committee to present an opinion on a particular topic or to provide technical advice with respect to a Bill. 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