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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Antzerki+zuzendari" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Antzerki+zuzendari" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ikuspegi_sortzailea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikuspegi_sortzailea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ikuspegi sortzailea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikuspegi_sortzailea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zuzendaria_antzerkiaren_historian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zuzendaria_antzerkiaren_historian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zuzendaria antzerkiaren historian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zuzendaria_antzerkiaren_historian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zuzendaritza-estiloak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zuzendaritza-estiloak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zuzendaritza-estiloak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zuzendaritza-estiloak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Antzerki zuzendari</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 33 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_teatral" title="Director teatral – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Director teatral" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A" title="مخرج مسرحي – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مخرج مسرحي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مخرج مسرحيات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مخرج مسرحيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatr_rejissoru" title="Teatr rejissoru – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Teatr rejissoru" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%91%D1%80" title="Тэатральны рэжысёр – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэатральны рэжысёр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="নির্দেশক – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নির্দেশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3_teatral" title="Direcció teatral – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Direcció teatral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceneinstrukt%C3%B8r" title="Sceneinstruktør – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sceneinstruktør" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_director" title="Theatre director – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Theatre director" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatrore%C4%9Disoro" title="Teatroreĝisoro – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teatroreĝisoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_de_escena" title="Director de escena – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Director de escena" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="کارگردان نمایش – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارگردان نمایش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatteriohjaaja" title="Teatteriohjaaja – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teatteriohjaaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metteur_en_sc%C3%A8ne" title="Metteur en scène – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Metteur en scène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="במאי תיאטרון – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="במאי תיאטרון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%ADnh%C3%A1zi_rendez%C3%A9s" title="Színházi rendezés – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Színházi rendezés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BC%D5%A5%D5%AA%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Թատրոնի ռեժիսոր – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թատրոնի ռեժիսոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regista_teatrale" title="Regista teatrale – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regista teatrale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%87%BA%E5%AE%B6" title="演出家 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="演出家" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EA%B7%B9%EC%97%B0%EC%B6%9C%EA%B0%80" title="연극연출가 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연극연출가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C5%BEisors" title="Režisors – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Režisors" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toneelregisseur" title="Toneelregisseur – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toneelregisseur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaterregiss%C3%B8r" title="Teaterregissør – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Teaterregissør" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97-%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95" title="ਰੰਗ-ਮੰਚ ਨਿਰਦੇਸ਼ਕ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੰਗ-ਮੰਚ ਨਿਰਦੇਸ਼ਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encenador" title="Encenador – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Encenador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regizor_de_teatru" title="Regizor de teatru – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regizor de teatru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%91%D1%80" title="Театральный режиссёр – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Театральный режиссёр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%99" title="Позоришни редитељ – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Позоришни редитељ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaterregiss%C3%B6r" title="Teaterregissör – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Teaterregissör" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiyatro_y%C3%B6netmeni" title="Tiyatro yönetmeni – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tiyatro yönetmeni" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Театральний режисер – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Театральний режисер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4%E5%B0%8E%E6%BC%94" title="劇場導演 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="劇場導演" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4%E7%B8%BD%E7%9B%A3" title="劇場總監 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="劇場總監" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3387717#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antzerki_zuzendari" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Antzerki_zuzendari&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p><b>Antzerki zuzendaria</b> <a href="/wiki/Antzerki" title="Antzerki">antzezlan</a> bat egiteko prozesuaren buruan dagoen pertsona da. Bere eginkizunak gidoia gauzatzea, antzezlanaren alderdi artistikoak eta dramatikoak kontrolatzea eta teknikariak zein <a href="/wiki/Aktore" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktore">aktoreak</a> gidatzea dira, azkenean antzezpenak bere asmoekin bat egin dezan. </p><p>Hala ere, zuzendariek ez daukate erabateko kontrol artistikoa bere gain. Eskuarki zuzendariak aukeratzen dituzten <a href="/wiki/Zinema_ekoizle" title="Zinema ekoizle">ekoizleek</a> zuzendariaren lanean mugak jartzen dituzte, bere erabakiek konpainia ekoizlearen interesak kalte ez ditzaten. Honela, batzuetan ekoizleek edozein gauzari betoa ezartzeko ahalmena daukate, lehendabiziko gidoitik filmaren azken erabakietaraino, zuzendariak irizten duena irizten duela. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikuspegi_sortzailea">Ikuspegi sortzailea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzerki_zuzendari&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikuspegi sortzailea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzerki_zuzendari&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ikuspegi sortzailea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ikuspegi sortzailea ezinbestekoa da zuzendari arrakastatsu baten lanerako. Gai eta estilo-unitaterik gabe, bikaineko lan bat, produkzio penagarri baten bihur daiteke: desordenatua, nahasia, gainkargatua. Zuzendariaren erantzukizuna da ikuspegi sortzailea garatzearena eta mantentzearena, inplikatutako guztiak norabide berean doazela ziurtatzeko. Honek ikuslea kontuan hartzen du, narrazio sendo eta argia behar baitu interesa ez galtzeko eta interesatzeari uzteko.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Askotan, zuzendariak bere sorkuntza-ikuspegia zehazten duen prozesu hori eskenatoki bat, saiakuntza-areto bat edo aktoreak baino askoz lehenago gauzatzen da. Produkzioa garatu ahala, haren lana da ikuspegi hori arriskuan ez dagoela ziurtatzea. Aurrekontu-murrizketak, sormen-desberdintasunak, moral eza zuzendariaren ikuspegirako mehatxuak eta gainditu beharreko oztopoak dira. Zuzendariak entsegu-gelako tenperatura emozionala eta giro sortzailea ere ezartzen ditu. Ekoizpen-buru gisa, antzezleen eta sortzaileen portaeraren adibide da . Modu ez profesionalean jokatzen badu edo eta axolagabetasuna erakusten badu, inguruko guzti horren gogo-aldarteari eta errendimenduari eragin diezaioke.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zuzendaria_antzerkiaren_historian">Zuzendaria antzerkiaren historian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzerki_zuzendari&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zuzendaria antzerkiaren historian»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzerki_zuzendari&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Zuzendaria antzerkiaren historian"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Grezia" title="Antzinako Grezia">Antzinako Grezian</a>, Europako antzerkiaren sorlekuan, idazlea zen bere lanen eszenaratzearen arduradun nagusia. Aktoreak, oro har, erdiprofesionalak ziren, eta zuzendariak obren muntaketa gainbegiratzen zuen idazketa-prozesutik antzeztera arte, askotan haietan ere parte hartuz, <a href="/wiki/Eskilo" title="Eskilo">Eskilok</a> egin zuen bezala. Autore-zuzendariak korua ere entrenatzen zuen, batzuetan musika konposatzen zuen eta ekoizpenaren alderdi guztiak gainbegiratzen zituen. Zuzendariak <i>didaskalos</i> izena hartu zuen, "maisu" esan nahi duen greziar hitza, eta horrek adierazten du lehen zuzendari horien lanak konbinatu egiten zituela interpreteen instrukzioa eta haien lana eszenaratzea.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Jean_Fouquet_-_The_Martyrdom_of_St_Apollonia_-_WGA08031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jean_Fouquet_-_The_Martyrdom_of_St_Apollonia_-_WGA08031.jpg/220px-Jean_Fouquet_-_The_Martyrdom_of_St_Apollonia_-_WGA08031.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jean_Fouquet_-_The_Martyrdom_of_St_Apollonia_-_WGA08031.jpg/330px-Jean_Fouquet_-_The_Martyrdom_of_St_Apollonia_-_WGA08031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jean_Fouquet_-_The_Martyrdom_of_St_Apollonia_-_WGA08031.jpg/440px-Jean_Fouquet_-_The_Martyrdom_of_St_Apollonia_-_WGA08031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fouquet" title="Jean Fouquet">Jean Fouquet</a>: El martirio de <i>Santa Apolonia</i> (1460), antzerki-zuzendari batek zuzendutako misterio-lan baten eszenaratzea irudikatzen duena.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Erdi_Aroa" title="Erdi Aroa">Erdi</a> Aroan, erlijio-antzerkiaren konplexutasunak garrantzi handia eman zion zuzendariari (edo eszena-zuzendariari edo <i>zeremonia-maisuari</i>), eskala handiko misterio-lanekin batera (askotan, askotariko <i>eszenak</i>, prozesioak eta efektuak barne hartzen zituzten). <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fouquet" title="Jean Fouquet">Jean Fouqueten</a> 1460ko miniatura bat (irudian) lanean ari den zuzendari baten lehen irudikapenetako bat da. Jarraibideen liburu baten bidez, erdiko pertsonaiak, makila luze baten laguntzarekin, <i><a href="/wiki/Apolonia_Alexandriakoa" title="Apolonia Alexandriakoa">Santa Apoloniako</a></i> martirioaren dramatizazioa zuzentzen du. Fouqueten arabera, zuzendariaren zereginetan honako hauek sartzen ziren: eskenatoki baten muntaia eta eszenografia gainbegiratzea (garai hartan ez zegoen antzerki-egitura iraunkorrik eta nahita eraikitakorik, eta hitzezko dramaren irudikapenak aire librean egiten ziren batez ere), aktoreen banaketa eta zuzendaritza (arau guztiak hausten zituzten isunak barne), eta tarteko antzezpen bakoitzaren hasieran publikoari zuzentzea.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> <a href="/wiki/Pizkundea" title="Pizkundea">Errenazimentu</a> garaitik XIX. mendera arte, aktore/zuzendariak izan ohi zuen zuzendari lana. Konpainia bateko aktore nagusia zen, eta bere gain hartzen zuen lanen errepertorioa aukeratzeko, eszenaratzeko eta konpainia kudeatzeko ardura. Hori zen, adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'Arte</a> konpainien eta zuzendari ingeles batzuen kasua, hala nola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colley_cibber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colley cibber (sortu gabe)">Colley Cibber</a> eta <a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">David Garrick</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Stanislavsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Stanislavsky.jpg/220px-Stanislavsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Stanislavsky.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Constantin Stanislavskiren erretratua, <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Serov" title="Valentin Serov">Valentin Serov</a>en eskutik.</figcaption></figure> <p>Esan daiteke antzerki modernoaren zuzendariak Meininger konpainiaren ikuskizun landuen eszenaratzean duela jatorria, Jorge ii.aren agindupean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ducado_de_sajonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ducado de sajonia (sortu gabe)">Saxe-Meiningen-</a>eko dukearen agindupean. Figurante-kopuru handi baten eta gai eszeniko konplexuen kudeaketak eskatzen zuen pertsona batek koordinatzaile orokorraren eginkizuna bere gain hartzea. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horrek zuzendariaren rola ekarri zuen antzerki modernoan, eta <a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemania</a>k plataforma bat emango luke sortzen ari ziren antzerki-zuzendari ameslarien belaunaldi baterako, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Piscator" title="Erwin Piscator">Erwin Piscator</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Max_Reinhardt" title="Max Reinhardt">Max Reinhardt</a>. Constantin Stanislavskik, aktore-kudeatzaile batek, Moskuko Arte Antzokia sortu zuen <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a>n, eta zuzendariaren zeregina ere askatu zuen, irudimen artistiko gisa. </p><p><i>Regisseur</i> frantziar terminoa, eszena-zuzendari bati buruz hitz egiteko ere erabiltzen da batzuetan, normalean <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">balet</a>ean. Frantsesezko antzerki-zuzendaria izendatzeko termino arruntagoa <i>metteur en scène</i> da. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerra</a>ren ondoren, aktore-zuzendaria pixkanaka desagertzen hasi zen, eta zuzendaritza eskubide osoko arte-jarduera bihurtu zen antzerki-lanbidean. Arte-ikuspegia eta -kontzeptua sortu eta ekoizpen bat eszenaratzen duen zuzendaria arau bihurtu zen, ez salbuespen. Antzerki-zuzendaritza lanbide gisa emantzipatzearen egile nagusiak XX. mendeko antzerki-zuzendari nabarmenak izan ziren: Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, <a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Meyerhold" title="Vsevolod Meyerhold">Vsevolod Meyerhold</a>, Yevgeny Vakhtangov, Michael Chekhov, Yuri Lyubimov (<a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a>), Firehorwelles (<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>). </p><p>Sir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrone_Guthrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyrone Guthrie (sortu gabe)">Tyrone Guthrie</a> zuzendari ospetsuak ohartarazpen-ohar bat sartu zuen, eta hauxe esan zuen: "antzezlan bat zuzentzen ikasteko modu bakarra da aktore-talde bat lortzea, haiek zuzentzen eta zuzentzen uzteko bezain sinplea". </p><p>Zuzendaritzari eta zuzendariei buruzko oinarrizko lanen artean daude Toby Cole eta Helen Krich-en 1972ko Directors on Directing: <i>A Sourcebook of the Modern Theatre</i>, Toby Cole eta Helen Krich-en liburua, 1972koa; <i>Edward Braun The Director and the Stage</i> ren liburua: <i>From Naturalism to Growtowski,</i> Edward Braun, eta <i>The Director in a Changing Theatre</i>, Will (1976). <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zuzendaritza-estiloak">Zuzendaritza-estiloak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzerki_zuzendari&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zuzendaritza-estiloak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzerki_zuzendari&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Zuzendaritza-estiloak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zuzendaritza antzerkiaren teoria eta praktika garatuz hazi den arte-mota bat da. Antzerki joera berriak agertzearekin batera, zuzendariek ere metodologia berriak hartu dituzte eta praktika berriekin konprometitu dira. Dramaren interpretazioa, XX. mendearen amaieran, zuzendariaren lanaren elementu nagusi bihurtu zen. Erlatibismoak eta teoria psikoanalitikoak eragina izan zuten zuzendari berritzaileen lanean, hala nola, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brook" title="Peter Brook">Peter Brook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stein" title="Peter Stein">Peter Stein</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Strehler" title="Giorgio Strehler">Giorgio Strehler.</a> <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kimberly Seniorrek , Disgraced en Broadwayko zuzendariak, zuzendari gisa duen zeregina azaltzen du: "Lehen dimentsio batean zeuden gauzak hartu eta hiru dimentsiotan jartzen ditut irudimena eta adimena erabiliz eta jendearekin dudan trebetasuna erabiliz".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ikuskizun bat estreinatu ondoren (ohiko publikoaren aurrean estreinatua), antzerki-zuzendariek beren funtzioa bete dutela jotzen da. Une horretatik aurrera, funtsezko gai guztien ardura izango du eszena-zuzendariak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzerki_zuzendari&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzerki_zuzendari&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Paul B. Crook. The Art and Practice of Directing for Theatre (2016) 248 pag. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/1138948519" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1138948519</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9781138948518" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1138948518</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">William Ball. A Sense of Direction: Some Observations on the Art of Directing (2003) 180 pag. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0896760820" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0896760820</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780896760820" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0896760820</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Brocket, Oscar G.: <i>History of the Theatre</i>. 8th ed. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 1999, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Brocket, <i>op.cit.</i>, p. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBlethen1997-07">Blethen, H. Tyler.  (1997-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1997.9952888">«The Oxford Illustrated History of Tudor and Stuart Britain»</a> <i>History: Reviews of New Books</i> 25 (4): 160–160.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F03612759.1997.9952888">10.1080/03612759.1997.9952888</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0361-2759">0361-2759</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u229124"><i>McMahon, Gregan, (2 March 1874–30 Aug. 1941), Director, Gregan McMahon Players, Melbourne Repertory Theatre. </i></a> Oxford University Press 2007-12-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGutorow2021-12-01">Gutorow, Jacek.  (2021-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.25167/exp13.21.9.7">«Review: Lydia Davis. 2019. Essays One. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Lydia Davis. 2021. Essays Two. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Lydia Davis. 2009. The Collected Stories. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.»</a> <i>Explorations: A Journal of Language and Literature</i> 9: 64–66.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.25167%2Fexp13.21.9.7">10.25167/exp13.21.9.7</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.29193/rmu.35.3.4">«Características y evolución de las fracturas de cadera operadas en el Banco de Prótesis (enero-diciembre 2013)»</a> <i>REVISTA MEDICA DEL URUGUAY</i> 2019-05-05  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.29193%2Frmu.35.3.4">10.29193/rmu.35.3.4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1688-0390">1688-0390</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-14)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzerki_zuzendari&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzerki_zuzendari&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span 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