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Differentiation Formula</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Backward Differentiation Formula"> <meta name="keywords" content="Backward Differentiation Formula"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> 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Formula</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">359</span> Direct Block Backward Differentiation Formulas for Solving Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zarina%20Bibi%20Ibrahim">Zarina Bibi Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Suleiman"> Mohamed Suleiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairil%20Iskandar%20Othman"> Khairil Iskandar Othman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a direct method based on variable step size Block Backward Differentiation Formula which is referred as BBDF2 for solving second order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) is developed. The advantages of the BBDF2 method over the corresponding sequential variable step variable order Backward Differentiation Formula (BDFVS) when used to solve the same problem as a first order system are pointed out. Numerical results are given to validate the method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%20Differentiation%20Formula" title="Backward Differentiation Formula">Backward Differentiation Formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=block" title=" block"> block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=secondorder." title=" secondorder."> secondorder.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863/direct-block-backward-differentiation-formulas-for-solving-second-order-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2026</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">358</span> An eighth order Backward Differentiation Formula with Continuous Coefficients for Stiff Ordinary Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Olusheye%20Akinfenwa">Olusheye Akinfenwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samuel%20Jator"> Samuel Jator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nianmin%20Yoa"> Nianmin Yoa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A block backward differentiation formula of uniform order eight is proposed for solving first order stiff initial value problems (IVPs). The conventional 8-step Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF) and additional methods are obtained from the same continuous scheme and assembled into a block matrix equation which is applied to provide the solutions of IVPs on non-overlapping intervals. The stability analysis of the method indicates that the method is L0-stable. Numerical results obtained using the proposed new block form show that it is attractive for solutions of stiff problems and compares favourably with existing ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stiff%20IVPs" title="Stiff IVPs">Stiff IVPs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=System%20of%20ODEs" title=" System of ODEs"> System of ODEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%20differentiationformulas" title="Backward differentiationformulas">Backward differentiationformulas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Block%20methods" title=" Block methods"> Block methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stability." title=" Stability."> Stability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645/an-eighth-order-backward-differentiation-formula-with-continuous-coefficients-for-stiff-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2759</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">357</span> Parallel Block Backward Differentiation Formulas for Solving Ordinary Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairil%20Iskandar%20Othman">Khairil Iskandar Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zarina%20Bibi%20Ibrahim"> Zarina Bibi Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Suleiman"> Mohamed Suleiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A parallel block method based on Backward Differentiation Formulas (BDF) is developed for the parallel solution of stiff Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). Most common methods for solving stiff systems of ODEs are based on implicit formulae and solved using Newton iteration which requires repeated solution of systems of linear equations with coefficient matrix, I - hβJ . Here, J is the Jacobian matrix of the problem. In this paper, the matrix operations is paralleled in order to reduce the cost of the iterations. Numerical results are given to compare the speedup and efficiency of parallel algorithm and that of sequential algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%20Differentiation%20Formula" title="Backward Differentiation Formula">Backward Differentiation Formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=block" title=" block"> block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ordinarydifferential%20equations." title=" ordinarydifferential equations."> ordinarydifferential equations.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/parallel-block-backward-differentiation-formulas-for-solving-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2011</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">356</span> Fifth Order Variable Step Block Backward Differentiation Formulae for Solving Stiff ODEs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.A.M.%20Yatim">S.A.M. Yatim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.B.%20Ibrahim"> Z.B. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.I.%20Othman"> K.I. Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Ismail"> F. Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The implicit block methods based on the backward differentiation formulae (BDF) for the solution of stiff initial value problems (IVPs) using variable step size is derived. We construct a variable step size block methods which will store all the coefficients of the method with a simplified strategy in controlling the step size with the intention of optimizing the performance in terms of precision and computation time. The strategy involves constant, halving or increasing the step size by 1.9 times the previous step size. Decision of changing the step size is determined by the local truncation error (LTE). Numerical results are provided to support the enhancement of method applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%20differentiation%20formulae" title="Backward differentiation formulae">Backward differentiation formulae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=block%20backwarddifferentiation%20formulae" title=" block backwarddifferentiation formulae"> block backwarddifferentiation formulae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stiff%20ordinary%20differential%20equation" title=" stiff ordinary differential equation"> stiff ordinary differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=variablestep%20size." title=" variablestep size."> variablestep size.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/fifth-order-variable-step-block-backward-differentiation-formulae-for-solving-stiff-odes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">355</span> Parallel Block Backward Differentiation Formulas For Solving Large Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zarina%20Bibi">Zarina Bibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I."> I.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairil%20Iskandar"> Khairil Iskandar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O."> O.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, parallelism in the solution of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) to increase the computational speed is studied. The focus is the development of parallel algorithm of the two point Block Backward Differentiation Formulas (PBBDF) that can take advantage of the parallel architecture in computer technology. Parallelism is obtained by using Message Passing Interface (MPI). Numerical results are given to validate the efficiency of the PBBDF implementation as compared to the sequential implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ordinary%20differential%20equations" title="Ordinary differential equations">Ordinary differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=parallel." title=" parallel."> parallel.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114/parallel-block-backward-differentiation-formulas-for-solving-large-systems-of-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1668</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">354</span> An Efficient Backward Semi-Lagrangian Scheme for Nonlinear Advection-Diffusion Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soyoon%20Bak">Soyoon Bak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sunyoung%20Bu"> Sunyoung Bu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Philsu%20Kim"> Philsu Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a backward semi-Lagrangian scheme combined with the second-order backward difference formula is designed to calculate the numerical solutions of nonlinear advection-diffusion equations. The primary aims of this paper are to remove any iteration process and to get an efficient algorithm with the convergence order of accuracy 2 in time. In order to achieve these objects, we use the second-order central finite difference and the B-spline approximations of degree 2 and 3 in order to approximate the diffusion term and the spatial discretization, respectively. For the temporal discretization, the second order backward difference formula is applied. To calculate the numerical solution of the starting point of the characteristic curves, we use the error correction methodology developed by the authors recently. The proposed algorithm turns out to be completely iteration free, which resolves the main weakness of the conventional backward semi-Lagrangian method. Also, the adaptability of the proposed method is indicated by numerical simulations for Burgers’ equations. Throughout these numerical simulations, it is shown that the numerical results is in good agreement with the analytic solution and the present scheme offer better accuracy in comparison with other existing numerical schemes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Semi-Lagrangian%20method" title="Semi-Lagrangian method">Semi-Lagrangian method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iteration%20free%20method" title=" Iteration free method"> Iteration free method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nonlinear%20advection-diffusion%20equation." title=" Nonlinear advection-diffusion equation."> Nonlinear advection-diffusion equation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046/an-efficient-backward-semi-lagrangian-scheme-for-nonlinear-advection-diffusion-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">353</span> The Relationship of Eigenvalues between Backward MPSD and Jacobi Iterative Matrices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhuan-de%20Wang">Zhuan-de Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hou-biao%20Li"> Hou-biao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhong-xi%20Gao"> Zhong-xi Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, the backward MPSD (Modified Preconditioned Simultaneous Displacement) iterative matrix is firstly proposed. The relationship of eigenvalues between the backward MPSD iterative matrix and backward Jacobi iterative matrix for block p-cyclic case is obtained, which improves and refines the results in the corresponding references.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%20MPSD%20iterative%20matrix" title="Backward MPSD iterative matrix">Backward MPSD iterative matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jacobi%20iterative%20matrix" title=" Jacobi iterative matrix"> Jacobi iterative matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=eigenvalue" title=" eigenvalue"> eigenvalue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=p-cyclic%20matrix." title=" p-cyclic matrix."> p-cyclic matrix.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834/the-relationship-of-eigenvalues-between-backward-mpsd-and-jacobi-iterative-matrices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1777</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">352</span> Differentiation Capacity of Mouse L929 Fibroblastic Cell Line Compare With Human Dermal Fibroblast</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kasem%20Theerakittayakorn">Kasem Theerakittayakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tanom%20Bunprasert"> Tanom Bunprasert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mouse L929 fibroblastic cell line, which is widely used in many experiment aspects, was tested for their differentiation potency in osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation. Human dermal fibroblasts, which their differentiation potency are still be in confliction, also be taken in the experiment. The differentiations were conducted by using the inducing medium ingredients which is generally used to induce differentiation of stem cells. By the inducing media used, L929 mouse fibroblasts successfully underwent osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation while human dermal fibroblasts underwent only osteogenic differentiation but not for adipogenic differentiation. Human dermal fibroblasts are hard to be differentiated in adipogenic lineage and need specific proper condition for induction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adipogenic%20differentiation" title="Adipogenic differentiation">Adipogenic differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fibroblast" title=" Fibroblast"> Fibroblast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Inducingmedium" title=" Inducingmedium"> Inducingmedium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Osteogenic%20differentiation" title=" Osteogenic differentiation"> Osteogenic differentiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988/differentiation-capacity-of-mouse-l929-fibroblastic-cell-line-compare-with-human-dermal-fibroblast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">351</span> Development Partitioning Intervalwise Block Method for Solving Ordinary Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.H.Khairul%20Anuar">K.H.Khairul Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.I.Othman"> K.I.Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.Ishak"> F.Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.B.Ibrahim"> Z.B.Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.Majid"> Z.Majid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solving Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) by using Partitioning Block Intervalwise (PBI) technique is our aim in this paper. The PBI technique is based on Block Adams Method and Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF). Block Adams Method only use the simple iteration for solving while BDF requires Newtonlike iteration involving Jacobian matrix of ODEs which consumes a considerable amount of computational effort. Therefore, PBI is developed in order to reduce the cost of iteration within acceptable maximum error <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adam%20Block%20Method" title="Adam Block Method">Adam Block Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BDF" title=" BDF"> BDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ordinary%20Differential%0AEquations" title=" Ordinary Differential Equations"> Ordinary Differential Equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Partitioning%20Block%20Intervalwise" title=" Partitioning Block Intervalwise"> Partitioning Block Intervalwise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/development-partitioning-intervalwise-block-method-for-solving-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1670</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">350</span> The Convergence Results between Backward USSOR and Jacobi Iterative Matrices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zuan-De%20Wang">Zuan-De Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hou-biao%20Li"> Hou-biao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhong-xi%20Gao"> Zhong-xi Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, the backward Ussor iterative matrix is proposed. The relationship of convergence between the backward Ussor iterative matrix and Jacobi iterative matrix is obtained, which makes the results in the corresponding references be improved and refined.Moreover,numerical examples also illustrate the effectiveness of these conclusions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%20USSOR%20iterative%20matrix" title="Backward USSOR iterative matrix">Backward USSOR iterative matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jacobi%20iterative%20matrix" title=" Jacobi iterative matrix"> Jacobi iterative matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=convergence" title=" convergence"> convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20radius" title=" spectral radius"> spectral radius</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754/the-convergence-results-between-backward-ussor-and-jacobi-iterative-matrices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">349</span> Backward Erosion Piping through Vertically Layered Sands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Vandenboer">K. Vandenboer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20Dolphen"> L. Dolphen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Bezuijen"> A. Bezuijen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Backward erosion piping is an important failure mechanism for water-retaining structures, a phenomenon that results in the formation of shallow pipes at the interface of a sandy or silty foundation and a cohesive cover layer. This paper studies the effect of two soil types on backward erosion piping; both in case of a homogeneous sand layer, and in a vertically layered sand sample, where the pipe is forced to subsequently grow through the different layers. Two configurations with vertical sand layers are tested; they both result in wider pipes and higher critical gradients, thereby making this an interesting topic in research on measures to prevent backward erosion piping failures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%20erosion%20piping" title="Backward erosion piping">Backward erosion piping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=embankments" title=" embankments"> embankments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=physical%20modelling" title=" physical modelling"> physical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sand." title=" sand."> sand.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839/backward-erosion-piping-through-vertically-layered-sands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1046</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">348</span> On the Central Limit Theorems for Forward and Backward Martingales</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yilun%20Shang">Yilun Shang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let {Xi}i≥1 be a martingale difference sequence with Xi = Si - Si-1. Under some regularity conditions, we show that (X2 1+· · ·+X2N n)-1/2SNn is asymptotically normal, where {Ni}i≥1 is a sequence of positive integer-valued random variables tending to infinity. In a similar manner, a backward (or reverse) martingale central limit theorem with random indices is provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=central%20limit%20theorem" title="central limit theorem">central limit theorem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=martingale%20difference%20sequence" title=" martingale difference sequence"> martingale difference sequence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=backward%20martingale." title=" backward martingale."> backward martingale.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186/on-the-central-limit-theorems-for-forward-and-backward-martingales" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2781</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">347</span> Improvement of Gregory's formula using Particle Swarm Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Khelil.%20L.%20Djerou">N. Khelil. L. Djerou </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Zerarka"> A. Zerarka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Batouche"> M. Batouche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Consider the Gregory integration (G) formula with end corrections where h Δ is the forward difference operator with step size h. In this study we prove that can be optimized by minimizing some of the coefficient k a in the remainder term by particle swarm optimization. Experimental tests prove that can be rendered a powerful formula for library use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Numerical%20integration" title="Numerical integration">Numerical integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gregory%20Formula" title=" Gregory Formula"> Gregory Formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Particle%20Swarm%20optimization." title=" Particle Swarm optimization."> Particle Swarm optimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258/improvement-of-gregorys-formula-using-particle-swarm-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">346</span> Numerical Study of Heat Transfer and Laminar Flow over a Backward Facing Step with and without Obstacle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hussein%20Togun">Hussein Togun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tuqa%20Abdulrazzaq"> Tuqa Abdulrazzaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20N.%20Kazi"> S. N. Kazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Badarudin"> A. Badarudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20K.%20A.%20Ariffin"> M. K. A. Ariffin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20N.%20M.%20Zubir"> M. N. M. Zubir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Heat transfer and laminar fluid flow over backward facing step with and without obstacle numerically studied in this paper. The finite volume method adopted to solve continuity, momentum and energy equations in two dimensions. Backward facing step without obstacle and with different dimension of obstacle were presented. The step height and expansion ratio of channel were 4.8mm and 2 respectively, the range of Reynolds number varied from 75 to 225, constant heat flux subjected on downstream of wall was 2000W/m<sup>2</sup>, and length of obstacle was 1.5, 3, and 4.5mm with width 1.5mm. The separation length noticed increase with increase Reynolds number and height of obstacle. The result shows increase of heat transfer coefficient for backward facing step with obstacle in compared to those without obstacle. The maximum enhancement of heat transfer observed at 4.5mm of height obstacle due to increase recirculation flow after the obstacle in addition that at backward. Streamline of velocity showing the increase of recirculation region with used obstacle in compared without obstacle and highest recirculation region observed at obstacle height 4.5mm. The amount of enhancement heat transfer was varied between 3-5% compared to backward without obstacle.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Separation%20flow" title="Separation flow">Separation flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%20facing%20step" title=" Backward facing step"> Backward facing step</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heat%20transfer" title=" Heat transfer"> Heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Laminar%20flow." title=" Laminar flow."> Laminar flow.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529/numerical-study-of-heat-transfer-and-laminar-flow-over-a-backward-facing-step-with-and-without-obstacle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">345</span> Developing a Simple and an Accurate Formula for the Conduction Angle of a Single Phase Rectifier with RL Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Ali%20Al-Mawsawi">S. Ali Al-Mawsawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fadhel%20A.%20Albasri"> Fadhel A. Albasri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a simple and an accurate formula that has been developed for the conduction angle (δ) of a single phase half-wave or full-wave controlled rectifier with RL load. This formula can be also used for calculating the conduction angle (δ) in case of A.C. voltage regulator with inductive load under discontinuous current mode. The simulation results shows that the conduction angle calculated from the developed formula agree very well with that obtained from the exact solution arrived from the iterative method. Applying the developed formula can reduce the computational time and reduce the time for manual classroom calculation. In addition, the proposed formula is attractive for real time implementations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Conduction%20Angle" title="Conduction Angle">Conduction Angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Firing%20Angle" title=" Firing Angle"> Firing Angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Excitation%20Angle" title=" Excitation Angle"> Excitation Angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Load%20Angle." title=" Load Angle."> Load Angle.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609/developing-a-simple-and-an-accurate-formula-for-the-conduction-angle-of-a-single-phase-rectifier-with-rl-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">344</span> Flow Properties of Commercial Infant Formula Powders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maja%20Benkovic">Maja Benkovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ingrid%20Bauman"> Ingrid Bauman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this work was to investigate flow properties of powdered infant formula samples. Samples were purchased at a local pharmacy and differed in composition. Lactose free infant formula, gluten free infant formula and infant formulas containing dietary fibers and probiotics were tested and compared with a regular infant formula sample which did not contain any of these supplements. Particle size and bulk density were determined and their influence on flow properties was discussed. There were no significant differences in bulk densities of the samples, therefore the connection between flow properties and bulk density could not be determined. Lactose free infant formula showed flow properties different to standard supplement-free sample. Gluten free infant formula with addition of probiotic microorganisms and dietary fiber had the narrowest particle size distribution range and exhibited the best flow properties. All the other samples exhibited the same tendency of decreasing compaction coefficient with increasing flow speed, which means they all become freer flowing with higher flow speeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flow%20properties" title="flow properties">flow properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=infant%20formula" title=" infant formula"> infant formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=powderedmaterial" title=" powderedmaterial"> powderedmaterial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092/flow-properties-of-commercial-infant-formula-powders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">343</span> All Proteins Have a Basic Molecular Formula</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Homa%20Torabizadeh">Homa Torabizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study proposes a basic molecular formula for all proteins. A total of 10,739 proteins belonging to 9 different protein groups classified on the basis of their functions were selected randomly. They included enzymes, storage proteins, hormones, signalling proteins, structural proteins, transport proteins, immunoglobulins or antibodies, motor proteins and receptor proteins. After obtaining the protein molecular formula using the ProtParam tool, the H/C, N/C, O/C, and S/C ratios were determined for each randomly selected sample. In this case, H, N, O, and S coefficients were specified per carbon atom. Surprisingly, the results demonstrated that H, N, O, and S coefficients for all 10,739 proteins are similar and highly correlated. This study demonstrates that despite differences in the structure and function, all known proteins have a similar basic molecular formula CnH1.58 ± 0.015nN0.28 ± 0.005nO0.30 ± 0.007nS0.01 ± 0.002n. The total correlation between all coefficients was found to be 0.9999. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Protein%20molecular%20formula" title="Protein molecular formula">Protein molecular formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Basic%20unit%20formula" title=" Basic unit formula"> Basic unit formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Protparam%20tool." title="Protparam tool.">Protparam tool.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042/all-proteins-have-a-basic-molecular-formula" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8080</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">342</span> Power Flow Analysis for Radial Distribution System Using Backward/Forward Sweep Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20A.%20Michline%20Rupa">J. A. Michline Rupa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Ganesh"> S. Ganesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper proposes a backward/forward sweep method to analyze the power flow in radial distribution systems. The distribution system has radial structure and high R/X ratios. So the newton-raphson and fast decoupled methods are failed with distribution system. The proposed method presents a load flow study using backward/forward sweep method, which is one of the most effective methods for the load-flow analysis of the radial distribution system. By using this method, power losses for each bus branch and voltage magnitudes for each bus node are determined. This method has been tested on IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system and effective results are obtained using MATLAB.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Backward%2FForward%20sweep%20method" title="Backward/Forward sweep method">Backward/Forward sweep method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Distribution%0D%0Asystem" title=" Distribution system"> Distribution system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Load%20flow%20analysis." title=" Load flow analysis."> Load flow analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126/power-flow-analysis-for-radial-distribution-system-using-backwardforward-sweep-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">17521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">341</span> Establishing a New Simple Formula for Buckling Length Factor (K) of Rigid Frames Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ehab%20Hasan%20Ahmed%20Hasan%20Ali">Ehab Hasan Ahmed Hasan Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The calculation of buckling length factor (K) for steel frames columns is a major and governing processes to determine the dimensions steel frame columns cross sections during design. The buckling length of steel frames columns has a direct effect on the cost (weight) of using cross section. A new formula is required to determine buckling length factor (K) by simplified way. In this research a new formula for buckling length factor (K) was established to determine by accurate method for a limited interval of columns ends rigidity (GA, GB). The new formula can be used ease to evaluate the buckling length factor without needing to complicated equations or difficult charts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Buckling%20length" title="Buckling length">Buckling length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=New%20formula" title=" New formula"> New formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Curve%20fitting" title=" Curve fitting"> Curve fitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simplification" title=" Simplification"> Simplification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Steel%20column%20design." title=" Steel column design."> Steel column design.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830/establishing-a-new-simple-formula-for-buckling-length-factor-k-of-rigid-frames-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">340</span> The First Prevalence Report of Direct Identification and Differentiation of B. abortus and B. melitensis using Real Time PCR in House Mouse of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Doosti">A. Doosti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Moshkelani"> S. Moshkelani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease; its symptoms and appearances are not exclusive in human and its traditional diagnosis is based on culture, serological methods and conventional PCR. For more sensitive, specific detection and differentiation of Brucella spp., the real time PCR method is recommended. This research has performed to determine the presence and prevalence of Brucella spp. and differentiation of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in house mouse (Mus musculus) in west of Iran. A TaqMan analysis and single-step PCR was carried out in total 326 DNA of Mouse's spleen samples. From the total number of 326 samples, 128 (39.27%) gave positive results for Brucella spp. by conventional PCR, also 65 and 32 out of the 128 specimens were positive for B. melitensis, B. abortus, respectively. These results indicate a high presence of this pathogen in this area and that real time PCR is considerably faster than current standard methods for identification and differentiation of Brucella species. To our knowledge, this study is the first prevalence report of direct identification and differentiation of B. abortus and B. melitensis by real time PCR in mouse tissue samples in Iran.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Differentiation" title="Differentiation">Differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20abortus" title=" B. abortus"> B. abortus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20melitensis" title=" B. melitensis"> B. melitensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TaqManprobe" title=" TaqManprobe"> TaqManprobe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iran." title=" Iran."> Iran.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517/the-first-prevalence-report-of-direct-identification-and-differentiation-of-b-abortus-and-b-melitensis-using-real-time-pcr-in-house-mouse-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">339</span> The Inhibitory Effect of Weissella koreensis 521 Isolated from Kimchi on 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=KyungBae%20Pi">KyungBae Pi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=KiBeom%20Lee"> KiBeom Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yongil%20Kim"> Yongil Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eun-Jung%20Lee"> Eun-Jung Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Abnormal adipocyte growth, in terms of increased cell numbers and increased cell differentiation, is considered to be a major pathological feature of obesity. Thus, the inhibition of preadipocyte mitogenesis and differentiation could help prevent and suppress obesity. The aim of this study was to assess whether extracts from <em>Weissella koreensis </em>521 cells isolated from kimchi could exert anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 cells (fat cells). Differentiating 3T3-L1 cells were treated with <em>W. koreensis</em> 521 cell extracts (<em>W. koreensis</em> 521_CE), and cell viability was assessed by MTT assays. At concentrations below 0.2 mg/ml, <em>W. koreensis</em> 521_CE did not exert any cytotoxic effect in 3T3-L1 cells. However, treatment with <em>W</em>.<em> koreensis </em>521_CE significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation, as assessed by morphological analysis and Oil Red O staining of fat.<em> W. koreensis</em> 521_CE treatment (0.2 mg/ml) also reduced lipid accumulation by 24% in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These findings collectively indicate that <em>Weissella koreensis </em>521 may help prevent obesity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weissella%20koreensis%20521" title="Weissella koreensis 521">Weissella koreensis 521</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3T3-L1%20cells" title=" 3T3-L1 cells"> 3T3-L1 cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adipocyte%20differentiation" title=" adipocyte differentiation"> adipocyte differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=obesity." title=" obesity."> obesity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105/the-inhibitory-effect-of-weissella-koreensis-521-isolated-from-kimchi-on-3t3-l1-adipocyte-differentiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">338</span> Enhanced Differentiation of Stromal Cells and Embryonic Stem Cells with Vitamin D3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mayada%20Alqaisi">Mayada Alqaisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nasser%20Al-Shanti"> Nasser Al-Shanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quiyu%20Wang"> Quiyu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=William%20S.%20Gilmore"> William S. Gilmore</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In-vitro mouse co-culture of E14 embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and OP9 stromal cells can recapitulate the earliest stages of haematopoietic development, not accessible in human embryos, supporting both haemogenic precursors and their primitive haematopoietic progeny. 1α, 25-Dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (VD3) has been demonstrated to be a powerful differentiation inducer for a wide variety of neoplastic cells, and could enhance early differentiation of ESCs into blood cells in E14/OP9 co-culture. This study aims to ascertain whether VD3 is key in promoting differentiation and suppressing proliferation, by separately investigating the effects of VD3 on the proliferation phase of the E14 cell line and on stromal OP9 cells.The results showed that VD3 inhibited the proliferation of the cells in a dose-dependent manner, quantitatively by decreased cell number, and qualitatively by alkaline-phosphatase staining that revealed significant differences between VD3-treated and untreated cells, characterised by decreased enzyme expression (colourless cells). Propidium-iodide cell-cycle analyses showed no significant percentage change in VD3-treated E14 and OP9 cells within their G and S-phases, compared to the untreated controls, despite the increased percentage of G-phase compared to the S-phase in a dosedependent manner. These results with E14 and OP9 cells indicate that adequate VD3 concentration enhances cellular differentiation and inhibits proliferation. The results also suggest that if E14 and OP9 cells were co-cultured andVD3-treated, there would be furtherenhanced differentiation of ESCs into blood cells.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Differentiation" title="Differentiation">Differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=embryonic%20stem%20cells" title=" embryonic stem cells"> embryonic stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OP9%20stromal%0D%0Acells" title=" OP9 stromal cells"> OP9 stromal cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=1%CE%B1" title=" 1α"> 1α</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=25-dihydroxy-vitamin%20D3" title=" 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3"> 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620/enhanced-differentiation-of-stromal-cells-and-embryonic-stem-cells-with-vitamin-d3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1877</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">337</span> An Asymptotic Formula for Pricing an American Exchange Option</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hsuan-Ku%20Liu">Hsuan-Ku Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, the American exchange option (AEO) valuation problem is modelled as a free boundary problem. The critical stock price for an AEO is satisfied an integral equation implicitly. When the remaining time is large enough, an asymptotic formula is provided for pricing an AEO. The numerical results reveal that our asymptotic pricing formula is robust and accurate for the long-term AEO.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Integral%20equation" title="Integral equation">Integral equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=asymptotic%20solution" title=" asymptotic solution"> asymptotic solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=free%20boundary%20problem" title=" free boundary problem"> free boundary problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=American%20exchange%20option." title=" American exchange option."> American exchange option.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180/an-asymptotic-formula-for-pricing-an-american-exchange-option" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1613</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">336</span> Riemann-Liouville Fractional Calculus and Multiindex Dzrbashjan-Gelfond-Leontiev Differentiation and Integration with Multiindex Mittag-Leffler Function</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=U.K.%20Saha">U.K. Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.K.%20Arora"> L.K. Arora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The multiindex Mittag-Leffler (M-L) function and the multiindex Dzrbashjan-Gelfond-Leontiev (D-G-L) differentiation and integration play a very pivotal role in the theory and applications of generalized fractional calculus. The object of this paper is to investigate the relations that exist between the Riemann-Liouville fractional calculus and multiindex Dzrbashjan-Gelfond-Leontiev differentiation and integration with multiindex Mittag-Leffler function.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiindex%20Mittag-Leffler%20function" title="Multiindex Mittag-Leffler function">Multiindex Mittag-Leffler function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiindex%20Dzrbashjan-Gelfond-Leontiev%20differentiation%20and%20integration" title=" Multiindex Dzrbashjan-Gelfond-Leontiev differentiation and integration"> Multiindex Dzrbashjan-Gelfond-Leontiev differentiation and integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Riemann-Liouville%20fractional%20integrals%20and%20derivatives." title=" Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals and derivatives."> Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals and derivatives.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470/riemann-liouville-fractional-calculus-and-multiindex-dzrbashjan-gelfond-leontiev-differentiation-and-integration-with-multiindex-mittag-leffler-function" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">335</span> Implementation of the Recursive Formula for Evaluation of the Strength of Daniels’ Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V%C3%A1clav%20Sad%C3%ADlek">Václav Sadílek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Miroslav%20Vo%C5%99echovsk%C3%BD"> Miroslav Vořechovský</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with the classical fiber bundle model of equal load sharing, sometimes referred to as the Daniels’ bundle or the democratic bundle. Daniels formulated a multidimensional integral and also a recursive formula for evaluation of the strength cumulative distribution function. This paper describes three algorithms for evaluation of the recursive formula and also their implementations with source codes in the Python high-level programming language. A comparison of the algorithms are provided with respect to execution time. Analysis of orders of magnitudes of addends in the recursion is also provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Daniels%20bundle%20model" title="Daniels bundle model">Daniels bundle model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=equal%20load%20sharing" title=" equal load sharing"> equal load sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Python" title=" Python"> Python</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mpmath." title=" mpmath."> mpmath.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569/implementation-of-the-recursive-formula-for-evaluation-of-the-strength-of-daniels-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2095</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">334</span> The Frame Analysis and Testing for Student Formula</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tanawat%20Limwathanagura">Tanawat Limwathanagura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chartree%20Sithananun"> Chartree Sithananun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Teekayu%20Limchamroon"> Teekayu Limchamroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thanyarat%20Singhanart"> Thanyarat Singhanart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The objective of this paper is to study the analysis and testing for determining the torsional stiffness of the student formula-s space frame. From past study, the space frame for Chulalongkorn University Student Formula team used in 2011 TSAE Auto Challenge Student Formula in Thailand was designed by considering required mass and torsional stiffness based on the numerical method and experimental method. The numerical result was compared with the experimental results to verify the torsional stiffness of the space frame. It can be seen from the large error of torsional stiffness of 2011 frame that the experimental result can not verify by the numerical analysis due to the different between the numerical model and experimental setting. In this paper, the numerical analysis and experiment of the same 2011 frame model is performed by improving the model setting. The improvement of both numerical analysis and experiment are discussed to confirm that the models from both methods are same. After the frame was analyzed and tested, the results are compared to verify the torsional stiffness of the frame. It can be concluded that the improved analysis and experiments can used to verify the torsional stiffness of the space frame.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Space%20Frame" title="Space Frame">Space Frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Student%20Formula" title=" Student Formula"> Student Formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Torsional%20Stiffness" title=" Torsional Stiffness"> Torsional Stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TSAE%20Auto%20Challenge" title=" TSAE Auto Challenge"> TSAE Auto Challenge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660/the-frame-analysis-and-testing-for-student-formula" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7993</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">333</span> The Development of Chulalongkorn University's SAE Student Formula's Space Frame</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chartree%20Sithananun">Chartree Sithananun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Teekayu%20Limchamroon"> Teekayu Limchamroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tanawat%20Limwathanagura"> Tanawat Limwathanagura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thanyarat%20Singhanart"> Thanyarat Singhanart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this paper is to present the development of the frame of Chulalongkorn University team in TSAE Auto Challenge Student Formula and Student Formula SAE Competition of Japan. Chulalongkorn University's SAE team, has established since year 2003, joined many competitions since year 2006 and became the leading team in Thailand. Through these 5 years, space frame was the most selected and developed year by year through six frame designs. In this paper, the discussions on the conceptual design of these frames are introduced, focusing on the mass and torsional stiffness improvement. The torsional stiffness test was performed on the real used frames and the results are compared. It can be seen that the 2010-2011 frame is firstly designed based on the analysis and experiment that considered the required mass and torsional stiffness. From the torsional stiffness results, it can be concluded that the frames were developed including the decreasing of mass and the increasing torsional stiffness by applying many techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SAE%20Student%20Formula" title="SAE Student Formula">SAE Student Formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Space%20Frame" title=" Space Frame"> Space Frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Torsional%0AStiffness" title=" Torsional Stiffness"> Torsional Stiffness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243/the-development-of-chulalongkorn-universitys-sae-student-formulas-space-frame" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2082</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">332</span> Heat Transfer to Laminar Flow over a Double Backward-Facing Step </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hussein%20Togun">Hussein Togun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tuqa%20Abdulrazzaq"> Tuqa Abdulrazzaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20N.%20Kazi"> S. N. Kazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Badarudin"> A. Badarudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20K.%20A.%20Ariffin"> M. K. A. Ariffin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Heat transfer and laminar air flow over a double backward-facing step numerically studied in this paper. The simulations was performed by using ANSYS ICEM for meshing process and using ANSYS fluent 14 (CFD) for solving. The k-ɛ standard model adopted with Reynolds number varied between 98.5 to 512 and three step height at constant heat flux (q=2000 W/m2). The top of wall and bottom of upstream are insulated with bottom of downstream is heated. The results show increase in Nusselt number with increases of Reynolds number for all cases and the maximum of Nusselt number happens at the first step in compared to the second step. Due to increase of cross section area of downstream to generate sudden expansion then Nusselt number decrease but the profile of Nusselt number keep same trend for all cases where increase after the first and second steps. Recirculation region after the first and second steps are denoted by contour of streamline velocity. The higher augmentation of heat transfer rate observed for case 1 at Reynolds number of 512 and heat flux q=2000 W/m<sup>2</sup>.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Laminar%20flow" title="Laminar flow">Laminar flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Double%20backward" title=" Double backward"> Double backward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Separation%20flow" title=" Separation flow"> Separation flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Recirculation%20flow." title=" Recirculation flow."> Recirculation flow.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835/heat-transfer-to-laminar-flow-over-a-double-backward-facing-step" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">331</span> An Index based Forward Backward Multiple Pattern Matching Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raju%20Bhukya">Raju Bhukya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DVLN%20Somayajulu"> DVLN Somayajulu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Pattern matching is one of the fundamental applications in molecular biology. Searching DNA related data is a common activity for molecular biologists. In this paper we explore the applicability of a new pattern matching technique called Index based Forward Backward Multiple Pattern Matching algorithm(IFBMPM), for DNA Sequences. Our approach avoids unnecessary comparisons in the DNA Sequence due to this; the number of comparisons of the proposed algorithm is very less compared to other existing popular methods. The number of comparisons rapidly decreases and execution time decreases accordingly and shows better performance.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Comparisons" title="Comparisons">Comparisons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DNA%20Sequence" title=" DNA Sequence"> DNA Sequence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Index." title=" Index."> Index.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938/an-index-based-forward-backward-multiple-pattern-matching-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">330</span> New Fourth Order Explicit Group Method in the Solution of the Helmholtz Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norhashidah%20Hj.%20Mohd%20Ali">Norhashidah Hj. Mohd Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Teng%20Wai%20Ping"> Teng Wai Ping</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, the formulation of a new group explicit method with a fourth order accuracy is described in solving the two dimensional Helmholtz equation. The formulation is based on the nine-point fourth order compact finite difference approximation formula. The complexity analysis of the developed scheme is also presented. Several numerical experiments were conducted to test the feasibility of the developed scheme. Comparisons with other existing schemes will be reported and discussed. Preliminary results indicate that this method is a viable alternative high accuracy solver to the Helmholtz equation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Explicit%20group%20method" title="Explicit group method">Explicit group method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20difference" title=" finite difference"> finite difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Helmholtz%0D%0Aequation" title=" Helmholtz equation"> Helmholtz equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=five-point%20formula" title=" five-point formula"> five-point formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nine-point%20formula." title=" nine-point formula."> nine-point formula.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000115/new-fourth-order-explicit-group-method-in-the-solution-of-the-helmholtz-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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