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<!DOCTYPE html> <html>  <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-store"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title> KEGG PATHWAY: Gastric cancer - Homo sapiens (human) </title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/kegg.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/simple-range.css?v2.11" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jquery-ui.css" /> <style type="text/css">  </style> <script src="/js/jquery-3.1.0.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery-ui.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery.balloon.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/lz-string.min.js"></script> <script src="/kegg-bin/get_data.cgi?data=0021&id=show_pathway.merged.js&v2.11"></script> <script type="text/javascript">  </script> </head> <body>  <h1 class="page-title"> <a href="/kegg/pathway.html"><img alt="KEGG" border="0" src="/Fig/bget/kegg3.gif" /></a>  Gastric cancer - Homo sapiens (human) </h1>   <div class="nav"> [ <a href="/brite/query=05226&htext=br08901.keg&option=-a&node_proc=br08901_org&proc_enabled=hsa&panel=collapse" id="navPathwayMenu">Pathway menu</a> | <a id="navOrganismGroup" href="/kegg-bin/organism_stat?mapno=05226">Organism group</a> | <a href="/entry/hsa05226" id="navPathwayEntry">Pathway entry</a> | <a id="descLink" href="#description">Show description</a> | <a id="downloadMenu" href="#">Download</a> | <a href="javascript:void(window.open('/kegg/document/help_pathway.html','KEGG_Help','width=720,height=640'))">Help</a> ] <div id="description" class="hidden"> Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the world's most common cancers. According to Lauren's histological classification gastric cancer is divided into two distinct histological groups - the intestinal and diffuse types. Several genetic changes have been identified in intestinal-type GC. The intestinal metaplasia is characterized by mutations in p53 gene, reduced expression of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta) and hTERT expression. Gastric adenomas furthermore display mutations in the APC gene, reduced p27 expression and cyclin E amplification. In addition, amplification and overexpression of c-ErbB2, reduced TGF-beta receptor type I (TGFBRI) expression and complete loss of p27 expression are commonly observed in more advanced GC. The main molecular changes observed in diffuse-type GCs include loss of E-cadherin function by mutations in CDH1 and amplification of MET and FGFR2F. </div>  <form name="selmenu" method="get"> <input type="button" id="changePathwayTypeButton" value="Change pathway type"> <input type="text" class="hidden" name="mapno" value="05226" /> <input type="text" class="hidden" id="scale" name="scale" value="1" /> <input type="text" class="hidden" id="displayNoColoringImage" name="nocolor" value="0" /> <input type="text" class="hidden" id="displayDescription" name="show_description" value="hide" /> <input type="text" class="hidden" id="displayControlPanel" name="show_module_list" value="show" /> <input type="text" class="hidden" id="clickableMode" name="clickable_mode" value="" /> <input type="text" class="hidden" name="module" value="" /> </form>  </div>   <div class="image-block" style="position:static;"> <img src="/kegg/pathway/hsa/hsa05226.png?17464364222092414" srcset="/kegg/pathway/hsa/hsa05226.png?17464364222092414 1x" data-srcset="/kegg/pathway/hsa/hsa05226.png 1x" id="pathwayimage" usemap="#mapdata" border="0" width="1517" /> <map id="mapdata" name="mapdata" data-scale="1"> <area id="D5703C6B" shape="circle" coords="522,622,4" class="original" href="/entry/C05981" title="C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)" data-entry="C05981" /> <area id="782D0058" shape="circle" coords="592,1002,4" class="original" href="/entry/C05981" title="C05981 (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate)" data-entry="C05981" /> <area id="A9AF4CE9" shape="circle" coords="1166,447,4" class="original" href="/entry/C00039" title="C00039 (DNA)" data-entry="C00039" /> <area id="91AF6611" shape="circle" coords="1171,978,4" class="original" href="/entry/C00039" title="C00039 (DNA)" data-entry="C00039" /> <area id="E7707861" shape="circle" coords="814,360,4" class="original" href="/entry/C00777+C15493" title="C00777 (Retinoate), C15493 (9-cis-Retinoic acid)" 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title="4087 (SMAD2), 4088 (SMAD3)" /> <area id="759E79F6" shape="rect" coords="302,707,348,724" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:7046" title="7046 (TGFBR1)" /> <area id="10BDFF24" shape="rect" coords="453,748,499,765" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:4089" title="4089 (SMAD4)" /> <area id="2AA077F0" shape="rect" coords="302,724,348,741" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:7048" title="7048 (TGFBR2)" /> <area id="3A99B1E8" shape="rect" coords="193,950,239,967" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:3082" title="3082 (HGF)" /> <area id="C2A378EA" shape="rect" coords="302,950,348,967" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:4233" title="4233 (MET)" /> <area id="FE4FAEC7" shape="rect" coords="1061,445,1107,462" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:7015" title="7015 (TERT)" /> <area id="FE51AE50" shape="rect" coords="1061,462,1107,479" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:7012" title="7012 (TERC)" /> <area id="A9D4EB1F" shape="rect" coords="418,993,464,1010" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:2549" title="2549 (GAB1)" /> <area id="5B9B82DE" shape="rect" coords="302,586,348,603" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:2064" title="2064 (ERBB2)" /> <area id="05CA1A7E" shape="rect" coords="1066,976,1112,993" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:7015" title="7015 (TERT)" /> <area id="C211171A" shape="rect" coords="1066,993,1112,1010" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:7012" title="7012 (TERC)" /> <area id="CEAE4DE9" shape="rect" coords="814,220,860,237" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:1045" title="1045 (CDX2)" /> <area id="8FA4FAE4" shape="rect" coords="302,868,348,885" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:999" title="999 (CDH1)" /> <area id="DF8F0B90" shape="rect" coords="363,846,409,863" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:1495+hsa:1496+hsa:29119" title="1495 (CTNNA1), 1496 (CTNNA2), 29119 (CTNNA3)" /> <area id="F2B14A5A" shape="rect" coords="415,867,461,884" class="original" href="/entry/hsa:1499" title="1499 (CTNNB1)" /> <area id="63891301" shape="rect" coords="363,891,409,908" 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