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particle reagent (SPR)</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: small particle reagent (SPR)"> <meta name="keywords" content="small particle reagent (SPR)"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="small particle reagent (SPR)"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6426</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: small particle reagent (SPR)</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6426</span> Detection of Latent Fingerprints Recovered from Arson Simulation by a Novel Fluorescent Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Khanjani">Somayeh Khanjani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Nabavi"> Samaneh Nabavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shirin%20Jalili"> Shirin Jalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20Khara"> Afshin Khara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fingerprints are area source of ubiquitous evidence and consequential for establishing identity. The detection and subsequent development of fingerprints are thus inevitable in criminal investigations. This becomes a difficult task in the case of certain extreme conditions like fire. A fire scene may be accidental or arson. The evidence subjected to fire is generally overlooked as there is a misconception that they are damaged. There are several scientific approaches to determine whether the fire was deliberate or not. In such as scenario, fingerprints may be most critical to link the perpetrator to the crime. The reason for this may be the destructive nature of fire. Fingerprints subjected to fire are exposed to high temperatures, soot deposition, electromagnetic radiation, and subsequent water force. It is believed that these phenomena damage the fingerprint. A novel fluorescent and a pre existing small particle reagent were investigated for the same. Zinc carbonates based fluorescent small particle reagent was capable of developing latent fingerprints exposed to a maximum temperature of 800 ̊C. Fluorescent SPR may prove very useful in such cases. Fluorescent SPR reagent based on zinc carbonate is a potential method for developing fingerprints from arson sites. The method is cost effective and non hazardous. This formulation is suitable for developing fingerprints exposed to fire/ arson. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fingerprint" title="fingerprint">fingerprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20particle%20reagent%20%28SPR%29" title=" small particle reagent (SPR)"> small particle reagent (SPR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arson" title=" arson"> arson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novel%20fluorescent" title=" novel fluorescent "> novel fluorescent </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28086/detection-of-latent-fingerprints-recovered-from-arson-simulation-by-a-novel-fluorescent-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6425</span> Modified Ninhydrin Reagent for the Detection of Amino Acids on TLC Paper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Elgubbi">H. Elgubbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mlitan"> A. Mlitan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alzridy"> A. Alzridy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ninhydrin is the most well known spray reagent for identification of amino acids. Spring with Ninhydrin as a non-specific reagent is well-known and widely used for its remarkable high sensitivity. Using Ninhydrin reagent alone to detect amino acid on thin layer chromatography (TLA) paper is not advisable due to its lower sensitivity. A new spray reagent, Stannus chloride solution (Sn CL2) has been used to detect amino acids on filtter paper (witman 14) and TLC paper, silica Gel, 60 F254 TLC Aluminium Sheet 20x20cm Merck- Germany. Also, modified TLC pre-staining method was used, which only consisted of 3 steps: spotting, separating and color. The improved method was rapid and inexpensive and the results obtained were clear and reliable. In addition, it is suitable for screening different amino acid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acid" title="amino acid">amino acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ninhydrin" title=" ninhydrin"> ninhydrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20ninhydrin%20reagent" title=" modified ninhydrin reagent"> modified ninhydrin reagent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stannus%20chloride%20reagent" title=" stannus chloride reagent"> stannus chloride reagent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-layer%20chromatography%20%28TLC%29" title=" thin-layer chromatography (TLC)"> thin-layer chromatography (TLC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLC%20pre-staining" title=" TLC pre-staining "> TLC pre-staining </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22504/modified-ninhydrin-reagent-for-the-detection-of-amino-acids-on-tlc-paper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6424</span> New Restoration Reagent for Development of Erased Serial Number on Copper Metal Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lav%20Kesharwani">Lav Kesharwani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nalini%20Shankar"> Nalini Shankar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Gupta"> A. K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A serial number is a unique code assigned for identification of a single unit. Serial number are present on many objects. In an attempt to hide the identity of the numbered item, the numbers are often obliterated or removed by mechanical methods. The present work was carried out with an objective to develop less toxic, less time consuming, more result oriented chemical etching reagent for restoration of serial number on the copper metal plate. Around nine different reagents were prepared using different combination of reagent along with standard reagent and it was applied over 50 erased samples of copper metal and compared it with the standard reagent for restoration of erased marks. After experiment, it was found that the prepared Etching reagent no. 3 (10 g FeCl3 + 20 ml glacial acetic acid + 100 ml distilled H2O) showed the best result for restoration of erased serial number on the copper metal plate .The reagent was also less toxic and less time consuming as compared to standard reagent (19 g FeCl3 + 6 ml cans. HCl + 100 ml distilled H2O). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serial%20number%20restoration" title="serial number restoration">serial number restoration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20plate" title=" copper plate"> copper plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obliteration" title=" obliteration"> obliteration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20method" title=" chemical method"> chemical method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29117/new-restoration-reagent-for-development-of-erased-serial-number-on-copper-metal-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6423</span> Facile Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Europium (III) Tungstate Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Rahimi-Nasrabadi">Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seied%20Mahdi%20Pourmortazavi"> Seied Mahdi Pourmortazavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Taguchi robust design as a statistical method was applied for optimization of the process parameters in order to tunable, simple and fast synthesis of europium (III) tungstate nanoparticles. Europium (III) tungstate nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical precipitation reaction involving direct addition of europium ion aqueous solution to the tungstate reagent solved in aqueous media. Effects of some synthesis procedure variables i.e., europium and tungstate concentrations, flow rate of cation reagent addition, and temperature of reaction reactor on the particle size of europium (III) tungstate nanoparticles were studied experimentally in order to tune particle size of europium (III) tungstate. Analysis of variance shows the importance of controlling tungstate concentration, cation feeding flow rate and temperature for preparation of europium (III) tungstate nanoparticles by the proposed chemical precipitation reaction. Finally, europium (III) tungstate nanoparticles were synthesized at the optimum conditions of the proposed method and the morphology and chemical composition of the prepared nano-material were characterized by means of X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and fluorescence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=europium%20%28III%29%20tungstate" title="europium (III) tungstate">europium (III) tungstate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-material" title=" nano-material"> nano-material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size%20control" title=" particle size control"> particle size control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procedure%20optimization" title=" procedure optimization"> procedure optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1684/facile-synthesis-and-structure-characterization-of-europium-iii-tungstate-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6422</span> Development of Paper Based Analytical Devices for Analysis of Iron (III) in Natural Water Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakchai%20Satienperakul">Sakchai Satienperakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoch%20Thanomwat"> Manoch Thanomwat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jutiporn%20Seedasama"> Jutiporn Seedasama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A paper based analytical devices (PADs) for the analysis of Fe (III) ion in natural water samples is developed, using reagent from guava leaf extract. The extraction is simply performed in deionized water pH 7, where tannin extract is obtained and used as an alternative natural reagent. The PADs are fabricated by ink-jet printing using alkenyl ketene dimer (AKD) wax. The quantitation of Fe (III) is carried out using reagent from guava leaf extract prepared in acetate buffer at the ratio of 1:1. A color change to gray-purple is observed by naked eye when dropping sample contained Fe (III) ion on PADs channel. The reflective absorption measurement is performed for creating a standard curve. The linear calibration range is observed over the concentration range of 2-10 mg L-1. Detection limited of Fe (III) is observed at 2 mg L-1. In its optimum form, the PADs is stable for up to 30 days under oxygen free conditions. The small dimensions, low volume requirement and alternative natural reagent make the proposed PADs attractive for on-site environmental monitoring and analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20chemical%20analysis" title="green chemical analysis">green chemical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guava%20leaf%20extract" title=" guava leaf extract"> guava leaf extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lab%20on%20a%20chip" title=" lab on a chip"> lab on a chip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper%20based%20analytical%20device" title=" paper based analytical device"> paper based analytical device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54607/development-of-paper-based-analytical-devices-for-analysis-of-iron-iii-in-natural-water-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6421</span> The Role of Physically Adsorbing Species of Oxyhydryl Reagents in Flotation Aggregate Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Kondratyev">S. A. Kondratyev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20I.%20Ibragimova"> O. I. Ibragimova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The authors discuss the collecting abilities of desorbable species (DS) of saturated fatty acids. The DS species of the reagent are understood as species capable of moving from the surface of the mineral particle to the bubble at the moment of the rupture of the interlayer of liquid separating these objects of interaction. DS species of carboxylic acids (molecules and ionic-molecular complexes) have the ability to spread over the surface of the bubble. The rate of their spreading at pH 7 and 10 over the water surface is determined. The collectibility criterion of saturated fatty acids is proposed. The values of forces exerted by the spreading DS species of reagents on liquid in the interlayer and the liquid flow rate from the interlayer are determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criterion%20of%20action%20of%20physically%20adsorbed%20reagent" title="criterion of action of physically adsorbed reagent">criterion of action of physically adsorbed reagent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flotation" title=" flotation"> flotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturated%20fatty%20acids" title=" saturated fatty acids"> saturated fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20pressure" title=" surface pressure"> surface pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76153/the-role-of-physically-adsorbing-species-of-oxyhydryl-reagents-in-flotation-aggregate-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6420</span> Particle Size Effect on Shear Strength of Granular Materials in Direct Shear Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Alias">R. Alias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kasa"> A. Kasa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Taha"> M. R. Taha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of particle size on shear strength of granular materials are investigated using direct shear tests. Small direct shear test (60 mm by 60 mm by 24 mm deep) were conducted for particles passing the sieves with opening size of 2.36 mm. Meanwhile, particles passing the standard 20 mm sieves were tested using large direct shear test (300 mm by 300 mm by 200 mm deep). The large direct shear tests and the small direct shear tests carried out using the same shearing rate of 0.09 mm/min and similar normal stresses of 100, 200, and 300 kPa. The results show that the peak and residual shear strength decreases as particle size increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size" title="particle size">particle size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granular%20material" title=" granular material"> granular material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20shear%20test" title=" direct shear test"> direct shear test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16566/particle-size-effect-on-shear-strength-of-granular-materials-in-direct-shear-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6419</span> Phasor Measurement Unit Based on Particle Filtering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rithvik%20Reddy%20Adapa">Rithvik Reddy Adapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Wang"> Xin Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are very sophisticated measuring devices that find amplitude, phase and frequency of various voltages and currents in a power system. Particle filter is a state estimation technique that uses Bayesian inference. Particle filters are widely used in pose estimation and indoor navigation and are very reliable. This paper studies and compares four different particle filters as PMUs namely, generic particle filter (GPF), genetic algorithm particle filter (GAPF), particle swarm optimization particle filter (PSOPF) and adaptive particle filter (APF). Two different test signals are used to test the performance of the filters in terms of responsiveness and correctness of the estimates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phasor%20measurement%20unit" title="phasor measurement unit">phasor measurement unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20filter" title=" particle filter"> particle filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimisation" title=" particle swarm optimisation"> particle swarm optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20estimation" title=" state estimation"> state estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194127/phasor-measurement-unit-based-on-particle-filtering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6418</span> The Influence of the Form of Grain on the Mechanical Behaviour of Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Boualem%20Salah">Mohamed Boualem Salah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The size and shape of soil particles reflect the formation history of the grains. In turn, the macro scale behavior of the soil mass results from particle level interactions which are affected by particle shape. Sphericity, roundness and smoothness characterize different scales associated to particle shape. New experimental data and data from previously published studies are gathered into two databases to explore the effects of particle shape on packing as well as small and large-strain properties of sandy soils. Data analysis shows that increased particle irregularity (angularity and/or eccentricity) leads to: an increase in emax and emin, a decrease in stiffness yet with increased sensitivity to the state of stress, an increase in compressibility under zero-lateral strain loading, and an increase in critical state friction angle φcs and intercept Γ with a weak effect on slope λ. Therefore, particle shape emerges as a significant soil index property that needs to be properly characterized and documented, particularly in clean sands and gravels. The systematic assessment of particle shape will lead to a better understanding of sand behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angularity" title="angularity">angularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentricity" title=" eccentricity"> eccentricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20%20particle" title=" shape particle"> shape particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20of%20soil" title=" behavior of soil"> behavior of soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17611/the-influence-of-the-form-of-grain-on-the-mechanical-behaviour-of-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6417</span> Investigation of Single Particle Breakage inside an Impact Mill</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ghasemi%20Ardi">E. Ghasemi Ardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20J.%20Dong"> K. J. Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Yu"> A. B. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Y.%20Yang"> R. Y. Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In current work, a numerical model based on the discrete element method (DEM) was developed which provided information about particle dynamic and impact event condition inside a laboratory scale impact mill (Fritsch). It showed that each particle mostly experiences three impacts inside the mill. While the first impact frequently happens at front surface of the rotor’s rib, the frequent location of the second impact is side surfaces of the rotor’s rib. It was also showed that while the first impact happens at small impact angle mostly varying around 35º, the second impact happens at around 70º which is close to normal impact condition. Also analyzing impact energy revealed that varying mill speed from 6000 to 14000 rpm, the ratio of first impact’s average impact energy and minimum required energy to break particle (Wₘᵢₙ) increased from 0.30 to 0.85. Moreover, it was seen that second impact poses intense impact energy on particle which can be considered as the main cause of particle splitting. Finally, obtained information from DEM simulation along with obtained data from conducted experiments was implemented in semi-empirical equations in order to find selection and breakage functions. Then, using a back-calculation approach, those parameters were used to predict the PSDs of ground particles under different impact energies. Results were compared with experiment results and showed reasonable accuracy and prediction ability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20particle%20breakage" title="single particle breakage">single particle breakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20dynamic" title=" particle dynamic"> particle dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20balance%20model" title=" population balance model"> population balance model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size%20distribution" title=" particle size distribution"> particle size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20element%20method" title=" discrete element method"> discrete element method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76339/investigation-of-single-particle-breakage-inside-an-impact-mill" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6416</span> Growth Performance and Critical Supersaturation of Heterogeneous Condensation for High Concentration of Insoluble Sub-Micron Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Yin">Jie Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Zhang"> Jun Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measuring the growth performance and critical supersaturation of particle group have a high reference value for constructing a supersaturated water vapor environment that can improve the removal efficiency of the high-concentration particle group. The critical supersaturation and the variation of the growth performance with supersaturation for high-concentration particles were measured by a flow cloud chamber. Findings suggest that the influence of particle concentration on the growth performance will reduce with the increase of supersaturation. Reducing residence time and increasing particle concentration have similar effects on the growth performance of the high-concentration particle group. Increasing particle concentration and shortening residence time will increase the critical supersaturation of the particle group. The critical supersaturation required to activate a high-concentration particle group is lower than that of the single-particle when the minimum particle size in the particle group is the same as that of a single particle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-micron%20particles" title="sub-micron particles">sub-micron particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20condensation" title=" heterogeneous condensation"> heterogeneous condensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20supersaturation" title=" critical supersaturation"> critical supersaturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleation" title=" nucleation"> nucleation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147194/growth-performance-and-critical-supersaturation-of-heterogeneous-condensation-for-high-concentration-of-insoluble-sub-micron-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6415</span> Influence of Processing Parameters on the Reliability of Sieving as a Particle Size Distribution Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eseldin%20Keleb">Eseldin Keleb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the pharmaceutical industry particle size distribution is an important parameter for the characterization of pharmaceutical powders. The powder flowability, reactivity and compatibility, which have a decisive impact on the final product, are determined by particle size and size distribution. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of processing parameters on the particle size distribution measurements. Different Size fractions of α-lactose monohydrate and 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared by wet granulation and were used for the preparation of samples. The influence of sieve load (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 g), processing time (5, 10, and 15 min), sample size ratios (high percentage of small and large particles), type of disturbances (vibration and shaking) and process reproducibility have been investigated. Results obtained showed that a sieve load of 50 g produce the best separation, a further increase in sample weight resulted in incomplete separation even after the extension of the processing time for 15 min. Performing sieving using vibration was rapider and more efficient than shaking. Meanwhile between day reproducibility showed that particle size distribution measurements are reproducible. However, for samples containing 70% fines or 70% large particles, which processed at optimized parameters, the incomplete separation was always observed. These results indicated that sieving reliability is highly influenced by the particle size distribution of the sample and care must be taken for samples with particle size distribution skewness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sieving" title="sieving">sieving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size%20distribution" title=" particle size distribution"> particle size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processing%20parameters" title=" processing parameters"> processing parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2100/influence-of-processing-parameters-on-the-reliability-of-sieving-as-a-particle-size-distribution-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">613</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6414</span> Particle Concentration Distribution under Idling Conditions in a Residential Underground Garage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Zhao">Yu Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinsuke%20Kato"> Shinsuke Kato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianing%20Zhao"> Jianing Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Particles exhausted from cars have an adverse impacts on human health. The study developed a three-dimensional particle dispersion numerical model including particle coagulation to simulate the particle concentration distribution under idling conditions in a residential underground garage. The simulation results demonstrate that particle disperses much faster in the vertical direction than that in horizontal direction. The enhancement of particle dispersion in the vertical direction due to the increase of cars with engine running is much stronger than that in the car exhaust direction. Particle dispersion from each pair of adjacent cars has little influence on each other in the study. Average particle concentration after 120 seconds exhaust is 1.8-4.5 times higher than the initial total particles at ambient environment. Particle pollution in the residential underground garage is severe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title="dispersion">dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idling%20conditions" title=" idling conditions"> idling conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20concentration" title=" particle concentration"> particle concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20underground%20garage" title=" residential underground garage"> residential underground garage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13929/particle-concentration-distribution-under-idling-conditions-in-a-residential-underground-garage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6413</span> Generation Mechanism of Opto-Acoustic Wave from in vivo Imaging Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Aoki">Hiroyuki Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The optoacoustic effect is the energy conversion phenomenon from light to sound. In recent years, this optoacoustic effect has been utilized for an imaging agent to visualize a tumor site in a living body. The optoacoustic imaging agent absorbs the light and emits the sound signal. The sound wave can propagate in a living organism with a small energy loss; therefore, the optoacoustic imaging method enables the molecular imaging of the deep inside of the body. In order to improve the imaging quality of the optoacoustic method, the more signal intensity is desired; however, it has been difficult to enhance the signal intensity of the optoacoustic imaging agent because the fundamental mechanism of the signal generation is unclear. This study deals with the mechanism to generate the sound wave signal from the optoacoustic imaging agent following the light absorption by experimental and theoretical approaches. The optoacoustic signal efficiency for the nano-particles consisting of metal and polymer were compared, and it was found that the polymer particle was better. The heat generation and transfer process for optoacoustic agents of metal and polymer were theoretically examined. It was found that heat generated in the metal particle rapidly transferred to the water medium, whereas the heat in the polymer particle was confined in itself. The confined heat in the small particle induces the massive volume expansion, resulting in the large optoacoustic signal for the polymeric particle agent. Thus, we showed that heat confinement is a crucial factor in designing the highly efficient optoacoustic imaging agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-particle" title="nano-particle">nano-particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opto-acoustic%20effect" title=" opto-acoustic effect"> opto-acoustic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo%20imaging" title=" in vivo imaging"> in vivo imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20imaging" title=" molecular imaging"> molecular imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114196/generation-mechanism-of-opto-acoustic-wave-from-in-vivo-imaging-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6412</span> Optimization of Cloud Classification Using Particle Swarm Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riffi%20Mohammed%20Amine">Riffi Mohammed Amine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cloud is made up of small particles of liquid water or ice suspended in the atmosphere, which generally do not reach the ground. Various methods are used to classify clouds. This article focuses specifically on a technique known as particle swarm optimization (PSO), an AI approach inspired by the collective behaviors of animals living in groups, such as schools of fish and flocks of birds, and a method used to solve complex classification and optimization problems with approximate solutions. The proposed technique was evaluated using a series of second-generation METOSAT images taken by the MSG satellite. The acquired results indicate that the proposed method gave acceptable results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title="remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clouds" title=" clouds"> clouds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meteorological%20image" title=" meteorological image"> meteorological image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192148/optimization-of-cloud-classification-using-particle-swarm-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6411</span> Nano-Particle of π-Conjugated Polymer for Near-Infrared Bio-Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Aoki">Hiroyuki Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Molecular imaging has attracted much attention recently, which visualizes biological molecules, cells, tissue, and so on. Among various in vivo imaging techniques, the fluorescence imaging method has been widely employed as a useful modality for small animals in pre-clinical researches. However, the higher signal intensity is needed for highly sensitive in vivo imaging. The objective of the current study is the development of a fluorescent imaging agent with high brightness for the tumor imaging of a mouse. The strategy to enhance the fluorescence signal of a bio-imaging agent is the increase of the absorption of the excitation light and the fluorescence conversion efficiency. We developed a nano-particle fluorescence imaging agent consisting of a π-conjugated polymer emitting a fluorescence signal in a near infrared region. A large absorption coefficient and high emission intensity at a near infrared optical window for biological tissue enabled highly sensitive in vivo imaging with a tumor-targeting ability by an EPR (enhanced permeation and retention) effect. The signal intensity from the π-conjugated fluorescence imaging agent is larger by two orders of magnitude compared to a quantum dot, which has been known as the brightest imaging agent. The π-conjugated polymer nano-particle would be a promising candidate in the in vivo imaging of small animals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence" title="fluorescence">fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugated%20polymer" title=" conjugated polymer"> conjugated polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo%20imaging" title=" in vivo imaging"> in vivo imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-particle" title=" nano-particle"> nano-particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-infrared" title=" near-infrared"> near-infrared</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97998/nano-particle-of-p-conjugated-polymer-for-near-infrared-bio-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6410</span> Dewatering Agents for Granular Bauxite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Diniz%20Fecchio">Bruno Diniz Fecchio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Operations have been demanding increasingly challenging operational targets for the dewatering process, requiring lower humidity for concentrates. Chemical dewatering agents are able to improve solid/liquid separation processes, allowing operations to deal with increased complexity caused by either mineralogical changes or seasonal events that present operations with challenging moisture requirements for transportation and downstream steps. These chemicals reduce water retention by reducing the capillary pressure of the mineral and contributing to improved water drainage. This current study addresses the reagent effects on pile dewatering for Bauxite. Such chemicals were able to decrease the moisture of granulated Bauxite (particle size of 5 – 50 mm). The results of the laboratory scale tests and industrial trials presented the obtention of up to 11% relative moisture reduction, which reinforced the strong interaction between dewatering agents and the particle surface of granulated Bauxite. The evaluated dewatering agents, however, did not present any negative impact on these operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bauxite" title="bauxite">bauxite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dewatering%20agents" title=" dewatering agents"> dewatering agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20dewatering" title=" pile dewatering"> pile dewatering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20reduction" title=" moisture reduction"> moisture reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162764/dewatering-agents-for-granular-bauxite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6409</span> The Experimental Investigation of Temperature Influence on the Oscillations of Particles on Liquid Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sathish%20K.%20Gurupatham">Sathish K. Gurupatham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Sayedzada"> Farhad Sayedzada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naji%20Dauk"> Naji Dauk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valmiki%20Sooklal"> Valmiki Sooklal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Ruhala"> Laura Ruhala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It was shown recently that small particles and powders spontaneously disperse on liquid surfaces when they come into contact with the interface for the first time. This happens due to the combined effect of the capillary force, buoyant weight of the particle and the viscous drag that the particle experiences in the liquid. The particle undergoes oscillations normal to the interface before it comes to rest on the interface. These oscillations, in turn, induce a flow on the interface which disperses the particles radially outward. This phenomenon has a significant role in the pollination of sea plants such as Ruppia in which the formation of ‘pollen rafts’ is the first step. This paper investigates, experimentally, the influence of the temperature of the liquid on which this dispersion occurs. It was observed that the frequency of oscillations of the particles decreased with the increase in the temperature of the liquid. It is because the magnitude of capillary force also decreased when the temperature of the liquid increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20dispersion" title="particle dispersion">particle dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20force" title=" capillary force"> capillary force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous%20drag" title=" viscous drag"> viscous drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillations" title=" oscillations"> oscillations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62666/the-experimental-investigation-of-temperature-influence-on-the-oscillations-of-particles-on-liquid-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6408</span> The Effect of Magnetite Particle Size on Methane Production by Fresh and Degassed Anaerobic Sludge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Al-Essa">E. Al-Essa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Bello-Mendoza"> R. Bello-Mendoza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20G.%20Wareham"> D. G. Wareham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anaerobic batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of magnetite-supplementation (7 mM) on methane production from digested sludge undergoing two different microbial growth phases, namely fresh sludge (exponential growth phase) and degassed sludge (endogenous decay phase). Three different particle sizes were assessed: small (50 - 150 nm), medium (168 – 490 nm) and large (800 nm - 4.5 µm) particles. Results show that, in the case of the fresh sludge, magnetite significantly enhanced the methane production rate (up to 32%) and reduced the lag phase (by 15% - 41%) as compared to the control, regardless of the particle size used. However, the cumulative methane produced at the end of the incubation was comparable in all treatment and control bottles. In the case of the degassed sludge, only the medium-sized magnetite particles increased significantly the methane production rate (12% higher) as compared to the control. Small and large particles had little effect on the methane production rate but did result in an extended lag phase which led to significantly lower cumulative methane production at the end of the incubation period. These results suggest that magnetite produces a clear and positive effect on methane production only when an active and balanced microbial community is present in the anaerobic digester. It is concluded that, (i) the effect of magnetite particle size on increasing the methane production rate and reducing lag phase duration is strongly influenced by the initial metabolic state of the microbial consortium, and (ii) the particle size would positively affect the methane production if it is provided within the nanometer size range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title="anaerobic digestion">anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20oxide" title=" iron oxide"> iron oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanogenesis" title=" methanogenesis"> methanogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title=" nanoparticle"> nanoparticle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109452/the-effect-of-magnetite-particle-size-on-methane-production-by-fresh-and-degassed-anaerobic-sludge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6407</span> Development of 3D Particle Method for Calculating Large Deformation of Soils </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Sik%20Park">Sung-Sik Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Chang"> Han Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Hun%20Chae"> Kyung-Hun Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sae-Byeok%20Lee"> Sae-Byeok Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) Particle method without using grid was developed for analyzing large deformation of soils instead of using ordinary finite element method (FEM) or finite difference method (FDM). In the 3D Particle method, the governing equations were discretized by various particle interaction models corresponding to differential operators such as gradient, divergence, and Laplacian. The Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion was incorporated into the 3D Particle method to determine soil failure. The yielding and hardening behavior of soil before failure was also considered by varying viscosity of soil. First of all, an unconfined compression test was carried out and the large deformation following soil yielding or failure was simulated by the developed 3D Particle method. The results were also compared with those of a commercial FEM software PLAXIS 3D. The developed 3D Particle method was able to simulate the 3D large deformation of soils due to soil yielding and calculate the variation of normal and shear stresses following clay deformation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20method" title="particle method">particle method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20deformation" title=" large deformation"> large deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20column" title=" soil column"> soil column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confined%20compressive%20stress" title=" confined compressive stress"> confined compressive stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17371/development-of-3d-particle-method-for-calculating-large-deformation-of-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">572</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6406</span> The Creep Analysis of a Varying Thickness on a Rotating Composite Disk with Different Particle Size by Using Sherby’s Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rupinder%20Kaur">Rupinder Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harjot%20Kaur"> Harjot Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this paper is to present the study of the effect of varying thickness on rotating composite disks made from Al-SiC_P having different particle sizes. Mathematical modeling is used to calculate the effect of varying thickness with different particle sizes on rotating composite disks in radial as well as tangential directions with thermal gradients. In comparison to various particle sizes with varied thicknesses, long-term deformation occurs. The results are displayed visually, demonstrating how creep deformation decreases with changing particle size and thickness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep" title="creep">creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varying%20thickness" title=" varying thickness"> varying thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size" title=" particle size"> particle size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stresses%20and%20strain%20rates" title=" stresses and strain rates"> stresses and strain rates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173915/the-creep-analysis-of-a-varying-thickness-on-a-rotating-composite-disk-with-different-particle-size-by-using-sherbys-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6405</span> Lateral Buckling of Nanoparticle Additive Composite Beams </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCrkan%20%C5%9Eakar">Gürkan Şakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akg%C3%BCn%20Alsaran"> Akgün Alsaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emrah%20E.%20%C3%96zbaldan"> Emrah E. Özbaldan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, lateral buckling analysis of composite beams with particle additive was carried out experimentally and numerically. The effects of particle type, particle addition ratio on buckling loads of composite beams were determined. The numerical studies were performed with ANSYS package. In the analyses, clamped-free boundary condition was assumed. The load carrying capabilities of composite beams were influenced by different particle types and particle addition ratios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20buckling" title="lateral buckling">lateral buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title=" nanoparticle"> nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20beam" title=" composite beam"> composite beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numeric%20analysis" title=" numeric analysis"> numeric analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54619/lateral-buckling-of-nanoparticle-additive-composite-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6404</span> Synthesis of (S)-Naproxen Based Amide Bond Forming Chiral Reagent and Application for Liquid Chromatographic Resolution of (RS)-Salbutamol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poonam%20Malik">Poonam Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Bhushan"> Ravi Bhushan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work describes a very efficient approach for synthesis of activated ester of (S)-naproxen which was characterized by UV, IR, ¹HNMR, elemental analysis and polarimetric studies. It was used as a C-N bond forming chiral derivatizing reagent for further synthesis of diastereomeric amides of (RS)-salbutamol (a β₂ agonist that belongs to the group β-adrenolytic and is marketed as racamate) under microwave irradiation. The diastereomeric pair was separated by achiral phase HPLC, using mobile phase in gradient mode containing methanol and aqueous triethylaminephosphate (TEAP); separation conditions were optimized with respect to pH, flow rate, and buffer concentration and the method of separation was validated as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The reagent proved to be very effective for on-line sensitive detection of the diastereomers with very low limit of detection (LOD) values of 0.69 and 0.57 ng mL⁻¹ for diastereomeric derivatives of (S)- and (R)-salbutamol, respectively. The retention times were greatly reduced (2.7 min) with less consumption of organic solvents and large (α) as compared to literature reports. Besides, the diastereomeric derivatives were separated and isolated by preparative HPLC; these were characterized and were used as standard reference samples for recording ¹HNMR and IR spectra for determining absolute conﬁguration and elution order; it ensured the success of diastereomeric synthesis and established the reliability of enantioseparation and eliminated the requirement of pure enantiomer of the analyte which is generally not available. The newly developed reagent can suitably be applied to several other amino group containing compounds either from organic syntheses or pharmaceutical industries because the presence of (S)-Npx as a strong chromophore would allow sensitive detection.This work is significant not only in the area of enantioseparation and determination of absolute configuration of diastereomeric derivatives but also in the area of developing new chiral derivatizing reagents (CDRs). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chiral%20derivatizing%20reagent" title="chiral derivatizing reagent">chiral derivatizing reagent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naproxen" title=" naproxen"> naproxen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salbutamol" title=" salbutamol"> salbutamol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85586/synthesis-of-s-naproxen-based-amide-bond-forming-chiral-reagent-and-application-for-liquid-chromatographic-resolution-of-rs-salbutamol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6403</span> The Experimental Study on Reducing and Carbonizing Titanium-Containing Slag by Iron-Containing Coke</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yadong%20Liu">Yadong Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experimental study on reduction carbonization of coke containing iron respectively with the particle size of <0.3mm, 0.3-0.6mm and 0.6-0.9mm and synthetic sea sand ore smelting reduction titanium-bearing slag as material were studied under the conditions of holding 6h at most at 1500℃. The effects of coke containing iron particle size and heat preservation time on the formation of TiC and the size of TiC crystal were studied by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that it is not good for the formation, concentration and growth of TiC crystal when the particle size of coke containing iron is too small or too large. The suitable particle size is 0.3~0.6mm. The heat preservation time of 2h basically ensures that all the component TiO2 in the slag are reduced and carbonized and converted to TiC. The size of TiC crystal will increase with the prolongation of heat preservation time. The thickness of the TiC layer can reach 20μm when the heat preservation time is 6h. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coke%20containing%20iron" title="coke containing iron">coke containing iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formation%20and%20concentration%20and%20growth%20of%20TiC" title=" formation and concentration and growth of TiC"> formation and concentration and growth of TiC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction%20and%20carbonization" title=" reduction and carbonization"> reduction and carbonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium-bearing%20slag" title=" titanium-bearing slag"> titanium-bearing slag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105177/the-experimental-study-on-reducing-and-carbonizing-titanium-containing-slag-by-iron-containing-coke" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6402</span> Basic Properties of a Fundamental Particle: Behavioral-Physical and Visual Methods for the Study of Fundamental Particle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shukran%20M.%20Dadayev">Shukran M. Dadayev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To author's best knowledge, in this paper, the Basic Properties and Research methods of a Fundamental Particle is studied for the first time. That's to say, Fundamental Particle has not been discovered in the Nature yet. Because Fundamental Particle consists of specific Physical, Geometrical and Internal bases. Geometrical and Internal characteristics that are considered significant for the elementary and fundamental particles aren’t basic properties, characteristics or criteria of a Fundamental Particle. Of course, completely new Physical and Visual experimental methods of Quantum mechanics and Behavioral-Physical investigations of Particles are needed to study and discover the Fundamental Particle. These are new Physical, Visual and Behavioral-Physical experimental methods for describing and discovering the Fundamental Particle in the Nature and Microworld. Fundamental Particle consists of the same Energy-Mass-Motion system and a symmetry of Energy-Mass-Motion. Fundamental Particle supplies each of the elementary particles with the same Energy-Mass-Motion system at the same time and regulates each of the particles. Fundamental Particle gives Energy, Mass and Motion to each particles at the same time, each of the Particles consists of acquired Energy-Mass-Motion system and symmetry. Energy, Mass, Motion given by the Fundamental Particle to the particles are Symmetrical Equivalent and they remain in their primary shapes in all cases. Fundamental Particle gives Energy-Mass-Motion system and symmetry consisting of different measures and functions to each of the particles. The Motion given by the Fundamental Particle to the particles is Gravitation, Gravitational Interaction not only gives Motion, but also cause Motion by attracting. All Substances, Fields and Cosmic objects consist of Energy-Mass-Motion. The Field also includes specific Mass. They are always Energetic, Massive and Active. Fundamental Particle establishes the bases of the Nature. Supplement and Regulating of all the particles existing in the Nature belongs to Fundamental Particle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20properties%20of%20a%20fundamental%20particle" title="basic properties of a fundamental particle">basic properties of a fundamental particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral-physical%20and%20visual%20methods" title=" behavioral-physical and visual methods"> behavioral-physical and visual methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-mass-motion%20system%20and%20symmetrical%20equivalence" title=" energy-mass-motion system and symmetrical equivalence"> energy-mass-motion system and symmetrical equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20particle" title=" fundamental particle"> fundamental particle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94061/basic-properties-of-a-fundamental-particle-behavioral-physical-and-visual-methods-for-the-study-of-fundamental-particle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3725</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6401</span> Effect of Bi-Dispersity on Particle Clustering in Sedimentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Abbas%20Zaidi">Ali Abbas Zaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In free settling or sedimentation, particles form clusters at high Reynolds number and dilute suspensions. It is due to the entrapment of particles in the wakes of upstream particles. In this paper, the effect of bi-dispersity of settling particles on particle clustering is investigated using particle-resolved direct numerical simulation. Immersed boundary method is used for particle fluid interactions and discrete element method is used for particle-particle interactions. The solid volume fraction used in the simulation is 1% and the Reynolds number based on Sauter mean diameter is 350. Both solid volume fraction and Reynolds number lie in the clustering regime of sedimentation. In simulations, the particle diameter ratio (i.e. diameter of larger particle to smaller particle (d₁/d₂)) is varied from 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. For each case of particle diameter ratio, solid volume fraction for each particle size (φ₁/φ₂) is varied from 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. For comparison, simulations are also performed for monodisperse particles. For studying particles clustering, radial distribution function and instantaneous location of particles in the computational domain are studied. It is observed that the degree of particle clustering decreases with the increase in the bi-dispersity of settling particles. The smallest degree of particle clustering or dispersion of particles is observed for particles with d₁/d₂ equal to 4:1 and φ₁/φ₂ equal to 1:2. Simulations showed that the reduction in particle clustering by increasing bi-dispersity is due to the difference in settling velocity of particles. Particles with larger size settle faster and knockout the smaller particles from clustered regions of particles in the computational domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion%20in%20bi-disperse%20settling%20particles" title="dispersion in bi-disperse settling particles">dispersion in bi-disperse settling particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20microstructures%20in%20bi-disperse%20suspensions" title=" particle microstructures in bi-disperse suspensions"> particle microstructures in bi-disperse suspensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20resolved%20direct%20numerical%20simulations" title=" particle resolved direct numerical simulations"> particle resolved direct numerical simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settling%20of%20bi-disperse%20particles" title=" settling of bi-disperse particles"> settling of bi-disperse particles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86250/effect-of-bi-dispersity-on-particle-clustering-in-sedimentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6400</span> T3P® -DMSO Mediated One-Pot Tandem Approach for the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-Ones/Thiones from Alcohols</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinaya%20Kambappa">Vinaya Kambappa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P®)-DMSO is used as an efficient and mild reagent for the one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones from aromatic alcohols. Alcohols are oxidized in situ to aldehydes under mild conditions, which in turn undergo a three-component reaction with β-ketoester and urea/thiourea to afford 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones. The synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones directly from alcohols has been reported for the first time best to our knowledge, under mild reaction conditions in good yield. The easy work-up procedure, low cost and less toxicity of the reagent are the main advantages of this protocol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-ketoester" title="β-ketoester">β-ketoester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propylphosphonic%20anhydride" title=" propylphosphonic anhydride"> propylphosphonic anhydride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-component%20reaction" title=" three-component reaction"> three-component reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrimidine" title=" pyrimidine"> pyrimidine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83900/t3p-dmso-mediated-one-pot-tandem-approach-for-the-synthesis-of-34-dihydropyrimidin-21h-onesthiones-from-alcohols" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6399</span> Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Gas-Particle Flow in Shock-Induced Fluidization of Particles Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Wang">Zhao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Yan"> Hong Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a unified-gas kinetic scheme (UGKS) for the gas-particle flow is constructed. UGKS is a direct modeling method for both continuum and rarefied flow computations. The dynamics of particle and gas are described as rarefied and continuum flow, respectively. Therefore, we use the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) equation for the particle distribution function. For the gas phase, the gas kinetic scheme for Navier-Stokes equation is solved. The momentum transfer between gas and particle is achieved by the acceleration term added to the BGK equation. The new scheme is tested by a 2cm-in-thickness dense bed comprised of glass particles with 1.5mm in diameter, and reasonable agreement is achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-particle%20flow" title="gas-particle flow">gas-particle flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20gas-kinetic%20scheme" title=" unified gas-kinetic scheme"> unified gas-kinetic scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=momentum%20transfer" title=" momentum transfer"> momentum transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock-induced%20fluidization" title=" shock-induced fluidization"> shock-induced fluidization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94993/unified-gas-kinetic-scheme-for-gas-particle-flow-in-shock-induced-fluidization-of-particles-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6398</span> Feature Extraction Technique for Prediction the Antigenic Variants of the Influenza Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Forghani">Majid Forghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Khachay"> Michael Khachay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In genetics, the impact of neighboring amino acids on a target site is referred as the nearest-neighbor effect or simply neighbor effect. In this paper, a new method called wavelet particle decomposition representing the one-dimensional neighbor effect using wavelet packet decomposition is proposed. The main idea lies in known dependence of wavelet packet sub-bands on location and order of neighboring samples. The method decomposes the value of a signal sample into small values called particles that represent a part of the neighbor effect information. The results have shown that the information obtained from the particle decomposition can be used to create better model variables or features. As an example, the approach has been applied to improve the correlation of test and reference sequence distance with titer in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antigenic%20variants" title="antigenic variants">antigenic variants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neighbor%20effect" title=" neighbor effect"> neighbor effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20packet" title=" wavelet packet"> wavelet packet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20particle%20decomposition" title=" wavelet particle decomposition"> wavelet particle decomposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96149/feature-extraction-technique-for-prediction-the-antigenic-variants-of-the-influenza-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6397</span> An Acyclic Zincgermylene: Rapid H₂ Activation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Juckel">Martin Juckel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Probably no other field of inorganic chemistry has undergone such a rapid development in the past two decades than the low oxidation state chemistry of main group elements. This rapid development has only been possible by the development of new bulky ligands. In case of our research group, super-bulky monodentate amido ligands and β-diketiminate ligands have been used to a great success. We first synthesized the unprecedented magnesium(I) dimer [ᴹᵉˢNacnacMg]₂ (ᴹᵉˢNacnac = [(ᴹᵉˢNCMe)₂CH]-; Mes = mesityl, which has since been used both as reducing agent and also for the synthesis of new metal-magnesium bonds. In case of the zinc bromide precursor [L*ZnBr] (L*=(N(Ar*)(SiPri₃); (Ar* = C₆H₂{C(H)Ph₂}₂Me-2,6,4, the reduction with [ᴹᵉˢNacnacMg]₂ led to such a metal-magnesium bond. This [L*ZnMg(ᴹᵉˢNacnac)] compound can be seen as an ‘inorganic Grignard reagent’, which can be used to transfer the metal fragment onto other functional groups or other metal centers; just like the conventional Grignard reagent. By simple addition of (TBoN)GeCl (TBoN = N(SiMe₃){B(DipNCH)₂) to the aforesaid compound, we were able to transfer the amido-zinc fragment to the Ge center of the germylene starting material and to synthesize the first example of a germanium(II)-zinc bond: [:Ge(TBoN)(ZnL*)]. While these reactions typically led to complex product mixture, [:Ge(TBoN)(ZnL*)] could be isolated as dark blue crystals in a good yield. This new compound shows interesting reactivity towards small molecules, especially dihydrogen gas. This is of special interest as dihydrogen is one of the more difficult small molecules to activate, due to its strong (BDE = 108 kcal/mol) and non-polar bond. In this context, the interaction between H₂ σ-bond with the tetrelylene p-Orbital (LUMO), with concomitant donation of the tetrelylene lone pair (HOMO) into the H₂ σ* orbital are responsible for the activation of dihydrogen gas. Accordingly, the narrower the HOMO-LUMO gap of tertelylene, the more reactivity towards H₂ it typically is. The aim of a narrow HOMO-LUMO gap was reached by transferring electropositive substituents respectively metal substituents with relatively low Pauling electronegativity (zinc: 1.65) onto the Ge center (here: the zinc-amido fragment). In consideration of the unprecedented reactivity of [:Ge(TBoN)(ZnL*)], a computational examination of its frontier orbital energies was undertaken. The energy separation between the HOMO, which has significant Ge lone pair character, and the LUMO, which has predominantly Ge p-orbital character, is narrow (40.8 kcal/mol; cf.∆S-T= 24.8 kcal/mol), and comparable to the HOMO-LUMO gaps calculated for other literature known complexes). The calculated very narrow HOMO-LUMO gap for the [:Ge(TBoN)(ZnL*)] complex is consistent with its high reactivity, and is remarkable considering that it incorporates a π-basic amide ligand, which are known to raise the LUMO of germylenes considerably. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activation%20of%20dihydrogen%20gas" title="activation of dihydrogen gas">activation of dihydrogen gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrow%20HOMO-LUMO%20gap" title=" narrow HOMO-LUMO gap"> narrow HOMO-LUMO gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20germanium%28II%29-zinc%20bond" title=" first germanium(II)-zinc bond"> first germanium(II)-zinc bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20Grignard%20reagent" title=" inorganic Grignard reagent"> inorganic Grignard reagent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82747/an-acyclic-zincgermylene-rapid-h2-activation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20particle%20reagent%20%28SPR%29&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20particle%20reagent%20%28SPR%29&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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