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<span>Grain chaff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grain_chaff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Straw_chaff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Straw_chaff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Straw chaff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Straw_chaff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coffee_chaff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coffee_chaff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Coffee chaff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coffee_chaff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Botany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Botany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metaphor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metaphor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Metaphor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metaphor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaff</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="حثالة (علم النبات) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حثالة (علم النبات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Кәбәк – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кәбәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Плява – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плява" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADcula#Glumel·les" title="Espícula – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espícula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Арпа – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Арпа" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleva" title="Pleva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pleva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreu" title="Spreu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spreu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aganad" title="Aganad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aganad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Сюва – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Сюва" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B4_(%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C)" title="کلش (کشاورزی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلش (کشاورزی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balle_(c%C3%A9r%C3%A9ale)" title="Balle (céréale) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Balle (céréale)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%89%EA%B2%A8" title="겉겨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="겉겨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekam" title="Sekam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sekam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolla" title="Lolla – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lolla" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrambut" title="Mrambut – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mrambut" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palea" title="Palea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Palea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Плева – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Плева" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekam" title="Sekam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sekam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakam" title="Sakam – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sakam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%BE%E6%AE%BB" title="籾殻 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="籾殻" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cama" title="Cama – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cama" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plewa" title="Plewa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Plewa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мякина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мякина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaff" title="Chaff – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chaff" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleva_(gluma)" title="Pleva (gluma) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pleva (gluma)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Плева – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Плева" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruumen" title="Ruumen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruumen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Полова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Полова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E6%AE%BC" title="穀殼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穀殼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protective casings of the seeds of cereal grain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chaff_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Chaff (disambiguation)">Chaff (disambiguation)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Bran" title="Bran">Bran</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rice_chaffs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Rice_chaffs.jpg/300px-Rice_chaffs.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Rice_chaffs.jpg/450px-Rice_chaffs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Rice_chaffs.jpg/600px-Rice_chaffs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> chaff</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Chaff</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">also <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is dry, scale-like plant material such as the protective <a href="/wiki/Husk" title="Husk">seed casings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cereal_grain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cereal grain">cereal grains</a>, the scale-like parts of flowers, or finely chopped <a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">straw</a>. Chaff cannot be digested by humans, but it may be <a href="/wiki/Fodder" title="Fodder">fed to livestock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plough" title="Plough">ploughed</a> into soil, or burned. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaff&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chaff" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:chaff">chaff</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glume" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:glume">glume</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>"Chaff" comes from <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">chaf</i></span>, from <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">ceaf</i></span>, related to <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <i><span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">cheva</i></span></i>, "husk". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grain_chaff">Grain chaff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaff&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Grain chaff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Usdaeinkorn1_Triticum_monococcum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Usdaeinkorn1_Triticum_monococcum.jpg/220px-Usdaeinkorn1_Triticum_monococcum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Usdaeinkorn1_Triticum_monococcum.jpg/330px-Usdaeinkorn1_Triticum_monococcum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Usdaeinkorn1_Triticum_monococcum.jpg/440px-Usdaeinkorn1_Triticum_monococcum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Spikelets of a hulled wheat, <a href="/wiki/Einkorn_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Einkorn wheat">einkorn</a></figcaption></figure><p>In <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grasses</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>), the ripe seed is surrounded by thin, dry, scaly <a href="/wiki/Bracts" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracts">bracts</a> (called <a href="/wiki/Glume" title="Glume">glumes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemma_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemma (botany)">lemmas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palea_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palea (botany)">paleas</a>), forming a dry <a href="/wiki/Husk" title="Husk">husk</a> (or hull) around the grain. Once it is removed, it is often referred to as chaff. </p><p>In wild cereals and in the primitive domesticated <a href="/wiki/Einkorn" title="Einkorn">einkorn</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Potts_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Emmer" title="Emmer">emmer</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">spelt</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wheats, the husks enclose each seed tightly. Before the grain can be used, the husks must be removed. </p><p>The process of loosening the chaff from the grain so as to remove it is called "<a href="/wiki/Threshing" title="Threshing">threshing</a>" before "<a href="/wiki/Drying" title="Drying">drying</a>" – traditionally done by milling or pounding, making it finer like "<a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>". Separating remaining loose chaff from the grain is called "<a href="/wiki/Winnowing" title="Winnowing">winnowing</a>" – traditionally done by repeatedly tossing the grain up into a light wind, which gradually blows the lighter chaff away. This method typically uses a broad, plate-shaped basket or similar receptacle to hold and collect the winnowed grain as it falls back down.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Domesticated grains such as <a href="/wiki/Durum_wheat" title="Durum wheat">durum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_wheat" title="Common wheat">common wheat</a> have been bred to have chaff that is easily removed. These varieties are known as "free-threshing" or "naked".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chaff should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Bran" title="Bran">bran</a>, which is a finer, scaly material that is part of the grain itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Straw_chaff">Straw chaff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaff&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Straw chaff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chaff is also made by chopping <a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">straw</a> (or sometimes coarse <a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a>) into very short lengths, using a machine called a <a href="/wiki/Chaff_cutter" title="Chaff cutter">chaff cutter</a>. Like grain chaff, it is used as animal feed and is a way of making coarse fodder more palatable for livestock.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coffee_chaff">Coffee chaff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaff&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coffee chaff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Coffee chaff</i> is produced from the so called <i>silverskin</i>, the thin inner-parchment layer on dried coffee beans, in the process of <a href="/wiki/Coffee_grinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee grinder">grinding coffee</a> beans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Botany">Botany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaff&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Botany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, chaff refers to the thin <a href="/wiki/List_of_plant_morphology_terms#Basic_flower_parts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of plant morphology terms">receptacular</a> <a href="/wiki/Bracts" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracts">bracts</a> of many species in the sunflower family <a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a> and related families. They are modified scale-like <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> surrounding single <a href="/wiki/Floret" class="mw-redirect" title="Floret">florets</a> in the flower-head.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones2005_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metaphor">Metaphor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaff&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Metaphor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chaff as a waste product from grain processing leads to a <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphorical</a> use of the term, to refer to something seen as worthless. In the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, such use is found in Job 13:25,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isaiah 33:11,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psalm 83:13-15,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other places. Chaff also lends its name to <a href="/wiki/Chaff_(countermeasure)" title="Chaff (countermeasure)">a radar countermeasure</a>, composed of small particles dropped from an aircraft.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaff&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hungarian engineer László Schremmer has discovered that the use of chaff-based filters can reduce the <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> content of water to 3 microgram/litre. This is especially important in areas where the potable water is provided by filtering the water extracted from an underground <a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaff&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awn_(botany)" title="Awn (botany)">Awn (botany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bran" title="Bran">Bran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">Biomass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combine_harvester" title="Combine harvester">Combine harvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_hulls" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice hulls">Rice hulls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_huller" title="Rice huller">Rice huller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifting" class="mw-redirect" title="Sifting">Sifting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaff&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Jones2006" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Jones (2006). Peter Roach; James Hartman; Jane Setter (eds.). <i>Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Daniel+Jones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Potts-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Potts_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Potts, D. T. (1996) <i>Mesopotamia Civilization: The Material Foundations</i> <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. p. 62. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-3339-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-3339-8">0-8014-3339-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nevo, Eviatar & A. B. Korol & A. Beiles & T. Fahima. (2002) <i>Evolution of Wild Emmer and Wheat Improvement: Population Genetics, Genetic Resources, and Genome...</i>. Springer. p. 8. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-41750-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-41750-8">3-540-41750-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughan, J. G. & P. A. Judd. (2003) <i>The Oxford Book of Health Foods</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 35. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-850459-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-850459-4">0-19-850459-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/grains/general-grains/chaff-and-winnowing-information.htm">"What Is Chaff: Learn How To Winnow Seeds From Chaff"</a>. <i>Gardening Know How</i>. 7 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gardening+Know+How&rft.atitle=What+Is+Chaff%3A+Learn+How+To+Winnow+Seeds+From+Chaff&rft.date=2019-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gardeningknowhow.com%2Fedible%2Fgrains%2Fgeneral-grains%2Fchaff-and-winnowing-information.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cerealsgrains.org/Pages/default.aspx">"Cereals & Grains Association"</a>. <i>www.cerealsgrains.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cerealsgrains.org&rft.atitle=Cereals+%26+Grains+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cerealsgrains.org%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTzarfatiSarangaBarakGopher2013" class="citation journal cs1">Tzarfati, Raanan; Saranga, Yehoshua; Barak, Vered; Gopher, Avi; Korol, Abraham B.; Abbo, Shahal (September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3747801/">"Threshing efficiency as an incentive for rapid domestication of emmer wheat"</a>. <i>Annals of Botany</i>. <b>112</b> (5): 829–837. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmct148">10.1093/aob/mct148</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7364">0305-7364</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3747801">3747801</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23884398">23884398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Threshing+efficiency+as+an+incentive+for+rapid+domestication+of+emmer+wheat&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=829-837&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3747801%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0305-7364&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23884398&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Faob%2Fmct148&rft.aulast=Tzarfati&rft.aufirst=Raanan&rft.au=Saranga%2C+Yehoshua&rft.au=Barak%2C+Vered&rft.au=Gopher%2C+Avi&rft.au=Korol%2C+Abraham+B.&rft.au=Abbo%2C+Shahal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3747801%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatanabe2017" class="citation journal cs1">Watanabe, N. (2017-08-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-1987-0">"Breeding opportunities for early, free-threshing and semi-dwarf Triticum monococcum L."</a> <i>Euphytica</i>. <b>213</b> (8): 201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10681-017-1987-0">10.1007/s10681-017-1987-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-5060">1573-5060</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euphytica&rft.atitle=Breeding+opportunities+for+early%2C+free-threshing+and+semi-dwarf+Triticum+monococcum+L.&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=201&rft.date=2017-08-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10681-017-1987-0&rft.issn=1573-5060&rft.aulast=Watanabe&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs10681-017-1987-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060103083512/http://www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/collection/search/display.aspx?irn=56">"The Chaff cutter"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/collection/search/display.aspx?irn=56">the original</a> on 2006-01-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2005-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chaff+cutter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2Fdisplay.aspx%3Firn%3D56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquefarmtools.info/">Cutting chaff by hand</a>: detail of painting by <a href="/wiki/David_Teniers_the_Younger" title="David Teniers the Younger">David Teniers the Younger</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorians.asp-host.co.uk/themes/agriculture/chaffcutterobj.htm">A Victorian chaff cutter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080321063813/http://www.victorians.asp-host.co.uk/themes/agriculture/chaffcutterobj.htm">Archived</a> March 21, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones2005-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones2005_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_Jones2005" class="citation book cs1">Ronald Jones (25 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bsngx7s0OI4C&pg=PA751"><i>Plant Life of Kentucky: An Illustrated Guide to the Vascular Flora</i></a>. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 751–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-7194-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-7194-6"><bdi>0-8131-7194-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+Life+of+Kentucky%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide+to+the+Vascular+Flora&rft.pages=751-&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2005-03-25&rft.isbn=0-8131-7194-6&rft.au=Ronald+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBsngx7s0OI4C%26pg%3DPA751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/job/13-25.htm">"Job 13:25 Would You frighten a windblown leaf? Would You chase after dry chaff?"</a>. <i>biblehub.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biblehub.com&rft.atitle=Job+13%3A25+Would+You+frighten+a+windblown+leaf%3F+Would+You+chase+after+dry+chaff%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fjob%2F13-25.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2033%3A11&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: Isaiah 33:11 - New International Version"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Isaiah+33%3A11+-+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DIsaiah%252033%253A11%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm%2083%3A13-15&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: Psalm 83:13-15 - New International Version"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Psalm+83%3A13-15+-+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DPsalm%252083%253A13-15%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mno.hu/gazdasag/szenzacios-magyar-talalmany-1068315">Newspaper article</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120417212726/http://mno.hu/gazdasag/szenzacios-magyar-talalmany-1068315">Archived</a> 2012-04-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Hungarian) published by <a href="/wiki/Magyar_Nemzet" title="Magyar Nemzet">Magyar Nemzet</a> on April 15, 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wheat" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: wheat"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wheat" title="Template:Wheat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wheat" title="Template talk:Wheat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wheat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wheat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wheat" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_wheat" title="Taxonomy of wheat">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_wheat" title="Common wheat">Common</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_wheat" title="Marquis wheat">Marquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norin_10_wheat" title="Norin 10 wheat">Norin 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Fife_wheat" title="Red Fife wheat">Red Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_wheat" title="Winter wheat">Winter wheat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durum_wheat" title="Durum wheat">Durum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einkorn" title="Einkorn">Einkorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmer" title="Emmer">Emmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasan_wheat" title="Khorasan wheat">Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">Spelt</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USDA_wheat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/USDA_wheat.jpg/120px-USDA_wheat.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/USDA_wheat.jpg/180px-USDA_wheat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/USDA_wheat.jpg/240px-USDA_wheat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2150" data-file-height="3151" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">Agronomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_diseases" title="Wheat diseases">Wheat diseases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wheat_diseases" title="List of wheat diseases">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_mildew" title="Wheat mildew">Wheat mildew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessian_fly" title="Hessian fly">Hessian fly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grain_trade" title="Grain trade">Trade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AWB_Limited" title="AWB Limited">Australian Wheat Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Wheat_Board" title="Canadian Wheat Board">Canadian Wheat Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_exchange" title="Corn exchange">Corn exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wheat_exports" title="List of countries by wheat exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Grains_Council" title="International Grains Council">International Wheat Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_wheat" title="Peak wheat">Peak wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_wheat_production_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International wheat production statistics">Production statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_premium" title="Protein premium">Protein premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_pools_in_Canada" title="Wheat pools in Canada">Wheat pools in Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">Plant parts and their uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">Stalk</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">Straw</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">Seed</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bran" title="Bran">Bran</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cereal_germ" title="Cereal germ">Germ</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chaff</a> (husk)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">Endosperm</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten">Gluten</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Germinated_wheat" title="Germinated wheat">Sprouts</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">Basic preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>None</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wheat_berry" title="Wheat berry">Berries</a> or <a href="/wiki/Groats" class="mw-redirect" title="Groats">groats</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)" title="Mill (grinding)">Milling</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Farina_(food)" title="Farina (food)">Farina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wheat_flour" title="Wheat flour">Flour</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wheat_middlings" title="Wheat middlings">Middlings</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">Semolina</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Parboiling" title="Parboiling">Parboiling</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">As an ingredient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cracker_(food)" title="Cracker (food)">Cracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbread" title="Flatbread">Flatbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_beer" title="Wheat beer">Wheat beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_germ_oil" title="Wheat germ oil">Wheat germ oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_gluten_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat gluten (food)">Wheat gluten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">Associated human diseases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">Anaphylaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluten-related_disorders" title="Gluten-related disorders">Gluten-related disorders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeliac_disease" title="Coeliac disease">coeliac disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-celiac_gluten_sensitivity" title="Non-celiac gluten sensitivity">non-celiac gluten sensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_allergy" title="Wheat allergy">wheat allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatitis_herpetiformis" title="Dermatitis herpetiformis">dermatitis herpetiformis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ataxia" title="Ataxia">ataxia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_riot" title="Food riot">Bread riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_breeding" title="Plant breeding">Plant breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refined_grains" title="Refined grains">Refined grains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">Staple food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheatpaste" title="Wheatpaste">Wheatpaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_grain" title="Whole grain">Whole grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shattering_(agriculture)" title="Shattering (agriculture)">Shattering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abu_Hureyra" title="Tell Abu Hureyra">Tell Abu Hureyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Aswad" title="Tell Aswad">Tell Aswad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: wheat"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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