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Eric Betzig - Wikipedia

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Beschikbaar in 53 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA" title="إيريك بيتزيغ – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيريك بيتزيغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="ايريك بيتزيج – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايريك بيتزيج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Betziq" title="Erik Betziq – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Erik Betziq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%82" title="اریک بتزیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اریک بتزیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B3" title="Эрык Бецыг – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эрык Бецыг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Ерик Бециг – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ерик Бециг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97" title="এরিক বেতজিগ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এরিক বেতজিগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%AF" title="اریک بتزیگ – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اریک بتزیگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%92" title="אריק בציג – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אריק בציג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97" title="एरिक बेत्ज़िग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एरिक बेत्ज़िग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%A9%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A3" title="Էրիկ Բեթցիգ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էրիկ Բեթցիգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%84%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B0" title="エリック・ベツィグ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エリック・ベツィグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A6%AD_%EB%B2%A0%EC%B9%98%EA%B7%B8" title="에릭 베치그 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에릭 베치그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericus_Betzig" title="Ericus Betzig – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ericus Betzig" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97" title="एरिक बेजिग – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="एरिक बेजिग" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="എറിക് ബെറ്റ്സിഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എറിക് ബെറ്റ്സിഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97" title="एरिक बेट्झिग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एरिक बेट्झिग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%AF" title="اریک بتزیگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اریک بتزیگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Eric_Betzig" title="Robert Eric Betzig – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Robert Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97" title="एरिक बेजिग – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एरिक बेजिग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਐਰਿਕ ਬੈੱਟਸਿਸ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਰਿਕ ਬੈੱਟਸਿਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B2%DA%AF" title="ایریک بیٹزگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایریک بیٹزگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B3,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Бетциг, Эрик – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бетциг, Эрик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="எரிக் பெட்சிக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எரிக் பெட்சிக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eric Betzig" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Эрик Бетциг – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эрик Бетциг" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%86%D0%B8%D2%91" title="Ерік Бетциґ – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ерік Бетциґ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B2%DA%AF" title="ایریک بیٹزگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایریک بیٹزگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelprijswinnaar"><img alt="Nobelprijswinnaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>&#160;&#160;Eric Betzig </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/13_januari" title="13 januari">13 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Eric_Betzig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Eric Betzig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eric_Betzig.jpg/266px-Eric_Betzig.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eric_Betzig.jpg/399px-Eric_Betzig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eric_Betzig.jpg/532px-Eric_Betzig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2678" data-file-height="3792" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteland </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor" title="Ann Arbor">Ann Arbor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nobelprijs </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde">Scheikunde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">2014 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">voor hun bijdrage aan de ontwikkeling van fluorescentiemicroscopie beneden de diffractielimiet </td></tr> <tr> <th>Samen met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a><br /><a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">William Moerner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Michael Levitt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Paul Modrich</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>&#160; <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> &#160; </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Scheikunde" title="Portaal:Scheikunde">Scheikunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Eric Betzig</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor" title="Ann Arbor">Ann Arbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/13_januari" title="13 januari">13 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>) is een Amerikaans natuurkundige die in 2014 de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde">Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde</a> kreeg voor "de ontwikkeling van superresolutie-<a href="/wiki/Fluorescentiemicroscopie" title="Fluorescentiemicroscopie">fluorescentiemicroscopie</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-nobel_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> samen met de Duitse <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> en de Amerikaan <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">William Moerner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hhmipr_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hhmipr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Betzig&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Betzig&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Betzig werd geboren in Michigan als zoon van Robert en Helen Betzig. Hij studeerde natuurkunde aan het <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> waar hij in 1983 zijn bachelordiploma behaalde. Vervolgens ging hij naar de <a href="/wiki/Cornell-universiteit" title="Cornell-universiteit">Cornell-universiteit</a> alwaar hij zijn mastergraad verkreeg in 1985 en promoveerde in 1988, beide in <i>Applied and Engineering Physics</i>. Voor zijn promotie richtte hij zich op de ontwikkeling van hoog resolutie optische microscopen. </p><p>Na zijn promotie werd Betzig in 1989 aangenomen door AT&amp;T <a href="/wiki/Bell_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Laboratories">Bell Laboratories</a> in de onderzoekafdeling van de halfgeleider fysica. Datzelfde jaar ontwikkelde Betzigs collega <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">William Moerner</a> de eerste optische microscoop die voorbij de <a href="/wiki/Diffractielimiet" title="Diffractielimiet">Abbe-diffractielimiet</a> van 200 <a href="/wiki/Nanometer" title="Nanometer">nanometer</a> kon zien. Probleem was dat deze microscoop alleen functioneerde bij temperaturen nabij het <a href="/wiki/Absolute_nulpunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute nulpunt">absolute nulpunt</a> zodat deze in de praktijk nauwelijks toepasbaar was. </p><p>Aansluitend op Moerners onderzoek slaagde Betzig erin de technologie zodanig te verbeteren dat hij in 1993 de eerste persoon was die individuele fluorescente moleculen waarnam bij kamertemperatuur met een onderlinge afstand kleiner dan 200 nanometer. Voor deze prestatie ontving hij de <i>William O. Baker Award for Intiatives in Research</i>. In 1994 verliet Betzig Bell Labs en werd hij huisvader. </p><p>Op verzoek van zijn vader werd hij in 1996 vice-president R&amp;D van de Ann Arber Machine Company, destijds eigendom van Betzigs familie. Hier ontwikkelde hij de <i>Flexible Adaptive Servohydraulic Technology</i> (FAST) en na het spenderen van miljoenen dollars verkocht hij slechts twee apparaten. </p><p>In 2002 keerde Betzig daarom maar weer terug naar het gebied van microscopie met het oprichten van het bedrijf <i>New Millennium Research</i> in Okemos. Geïnspireerd door het werk van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Davidson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mike Davidson (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mike Davidson</a> en zijn fluorescerende eiwitten ontwikkelde Betzig het principe van <i>photoactivated localization microscopy</i> (PALM). Dit is een methode om fluorescerende eiwitten te controleren met lichtpulsen om beelden te creëren met een hogere resolutie dan daarvoor ooit voor mogelijk werd gedacht. Samen met Harold Hess, een oud-medewerker van Bell Labs, ontwikkelden ze de eerste optische microscoop gebaseerd op deze nieuwe technologie. In minder dan twee maanden hadden ze hun eerste prototype gereed, waarmee ze algemene bekendheid verwierven. </p><p>Begin 2006 trad Betzig als groepsleider toe tot de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janelia_Research_Campus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Janelia Research Campus (de pagina bestaat niet)">Janelia Research Campus</a> van het Howard Hughes Medical Institute in <a href="/wiki/Ashburn_(Virginia)" title="Ashburn (Virginia)">Ashburn</a> om te werken aan de verdere ontwikkeling van de technologie van super-hoog resolutie fluorescentie microscopie. Met deze technologie kon hij als eerste de celdeling van menselijke embryo's bestuderen. In 2010 werd hem de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Delbruck_Prize&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Delbruck Prize (de pagina bestaat niet)">Max Delbruck Prize</a> toegekend, maar hij weigerde waarna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiaowei_Zhuang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiaowei Zhuang (de pagina bestaat niet)">Xiaowei Zhuang</a> de prijs in ontvangst mocht nemen. Vier jaar later, in 2014, ontving hij samen met Hell en Moerner de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde">Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde</a>. </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nobel-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nobel_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/press.html">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014</a>", <i>Nobelprize.org</i>, <i>Nobel Media AB</i>, <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2014-10-08">8 oktober 2014</span>.&#32;Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2014-10-08">8 oktober 2014</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hhmipr-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hhmipr_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFFout:_ongeldige_tijd."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hhmi.org/news/eric-betzig-wins-2014-nobel-prize-chemistry">Eric Betzig Wins 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>.&#32;<i>HHMI News</i>.&#32;hhmi.org&#32;(<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2014-10-08">8 oktober 2014</span>).&#32;Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2014-10-08">8 oktober 2014</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" class="navigatie-titel">Winnaars van de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Scheikunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde">Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <p><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus van &#39;t Hoff">Van 't Hoff</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">E. Fischer</a></span> · 1903:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a> · 1904:&#160;<a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a> · 1905:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Baeyer</a> · 1906:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a> · 1907:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a> · 1908:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> · 1909:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a> · 1910:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a> · 1911:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Curie</a> · 1912:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Sabatier</a> · 1913:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a> · 1914:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a> · 1915:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Willstätter</a> · 1918:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a> · 1920:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Nernst</a> · 1921:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a> · 1922:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a> · 1923:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a> · 1925:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a> · 1926:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Svedberg</a> · 1927:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Wieland</a> · 1928:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Windaus</a> · 1929:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Euler-Chelpin</a></span> · 1930:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer_(scheikundige)" title="Hans Fischer (scheikundige)">H. Fischer</a> · 1931:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a> · 1932:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a> · 1934:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Urey</a> · <span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a>,</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a></span> · 1936:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a> · 1937:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Walter_Haworth" title="Walter Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a> · 1938:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a> · 1939:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavoslav_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Lavoslav Ružička">Ružička</a> · 1943:&#160;<a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">Hevesy</a> · 1944:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a> · 1945:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Virtanen</a> · 1946:&#160;<a href="/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner" title="James Batcheller Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a> · 1947:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a> · 1948:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a> · 1949:&#160;<a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">Giauque</a> · 1950:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a> · 1951:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg">Seaborg</a> · 1952:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin" title="Archer John Porter Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Synge</a> · 1953:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a> · 1954:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a> · 1955:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vigneaud</a> · 1956:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Semjonov" title="Nikolaj Semjonov">Semjonov</a> · 1957:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd">Todd</a> · 1958:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> · 1959:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a> · 1960:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby</a> · 1961:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a> · 1962:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">Kendrew</a> · 1963:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler_(scheikundige)" title="Karl Ziegler (scheikundige)">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a> · 1964:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a> · 1965:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Woodward</a> · 1966:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Mulliken</a> · 1967:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a> · 1968:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a> · 1969:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a> · 1970:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Leloir</a> · 1971:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a> · 1972:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Christian_Anfinsen" title="Christian Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Stein" title="William Stein">Stein</a> · <span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">E.O. Fischer</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a> · 1974:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Flory</a> · 1975:&#160;<a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a> · 1976:&#160;<a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a> · 1977:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a> · 1978:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell_(biochemicus)" title="Peter Mitchell (biochemicus)">Mitchell</a> · 1979:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brown" title="Herbert Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a> · 1980:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg_(scheikundige)" title="Paul Berg (scheikundige)">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> · 1981:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a> · 1982:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a> · 1983:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a> · 1984:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a> · 1985:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a> · 1986:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lee" title="Yuan Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">Polanyi</a> · 1987:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Donald_Cram" title="Donald Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Pedersen</a> · 1988:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a> · 1989:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Cech</a> · 1990:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a> · 1991:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Ernst</a> · 1992:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Marcus</a> · 1993:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(scheikundige)" title="Michael Smith (scheikundige)">Smith</a> · 1994:&#160;<a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">Olah</a> · 1995:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a> · 1996:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a> · 1997:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a> · 1998:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a> · 1999:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewail</a> · 2000:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Alan_Heeger" title="Alan Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a> · 2001:&#160;<a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryoji_Noyori" title="Ryoji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> · 2002:&#160;<a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a> · 2003:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a> · 2004:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Ciechanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Hershko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a> · 2005:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" title="Richard Schrock">Schrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a> · 2006:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Kornberg</a> · 2007:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a> · 2008:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Tsien</a> · 2009:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Steitz" title="Thomas Steitz">Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Yonath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a> · 2010:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Richard_Heck" title="Richard Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Negishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a> · 2011:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Daniel_Shechtman" title="Daniel Shechtman">Shechtman</a> · 2012:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a> · 2013:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Warshel</a> · 2014:&#160;<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">Moerner</a> · 2015:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a> · 2016:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Feringa</a> · 2017:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a> · 2018:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Winter</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(scheikundige)" title="George Smith (scheikundige)">Smith</a> · 2019:&#160;<a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a> · 2020:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a> · 2021:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">MacMillan</a> · 2022:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> · 2023:&#160;<a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Bawendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Brus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Jekimov" title="Alexei Jekimov">Jekimov</a> · 2024:&#160;<a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemicus)" title="David Baker (biochemicus)">Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Hassabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Jumper" title="John Jumper">Jumper</a> </p> </div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐f6c7df9b8‐5lpbd Cached time: 20241104000359 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.132 seconds Real time usage: 0.268 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1613/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28007/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10789/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2890/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.004/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 687978/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 112.567 1 -total 53.19% 59.874 1 Sjabloon:Infobox_Nobelprijswinnaar 50.63% 56.996 1 Sjabloon:Infobox_generiek 25.00% 28.139 1 Sjabloon:Appendix 22.86% 25.731 1 Sjabloon:References 18.95% 21.327 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie_winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_de_Scheikunde 17.94% 20.192 1 Sjabloon:Wikidata_afbeelding 15.88% 17.878 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie_uitklapbaar 13.39% 15.068 1 Sjabloon:PAGENAMEBASE 9.82% 11.057 1 Sjabloon:Cite_web --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:idhash:4064346-0!dateformat=default and timestamp 20241104000359 and revision id 64612196. 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