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class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Biomechatronics</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><p><b>Biomechatronics</b> is an applied <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinary" title="Interdisciplinary" class="mw-redirect">interdisciplinary</a> science that aims to integrate mechanical elements, electronics and parts of biological organisms. Biomechatronics includes the aspects of <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>, <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanics" title="Mechanics">mechanics</a>, and <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>. It also encompasses the fields of <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a> and <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a>. One example of Biomechatronics is a study done by <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Herr" title="Hugh Herr">Hugh Herr</a>, a professor at <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT" title="MIT" class="mw-redirect">MIT</a>. Herr <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">excised</a> the muscles of frog legs, to attach to a mechanical fish and by pulsing electrical current through the muscle fibers, he caused the fish to swim. The goal of these experiments is to make devices that interact with human <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscle</a>, <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton" title="Skeleton">skeleton</a>, and <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_systems" title="Nervous systems" class="mw-redirect">nervous systems</a>. The end result is that the devices will help with human motor control that was lost or impaired by <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_trauma" title="Physical trauma" class="mw-redirect">trauma</a>, <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> or <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_defects" title="Birth defects" class="mw-redirect">birth defects</a>.</p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#How_it_works"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">How it works</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Biosensors"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Biosensors</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Mechanical_sensors"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Mechanical sensors</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Controller"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Controller</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Actuator"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Actuator</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Research"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Research</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Analyzing_motions"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Analyzing motions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Interfacing"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Interfacing</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#MIT_research"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">MIT research</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Robotic_fish"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Robotic fish</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Arts_research"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Arts research</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Growth"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Growth</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="How_it_works">How it works</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: How it works">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Biomechatronics is how the human body works. For example, four different steps must occur to be able to lift the foot to walk. First, <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential" title="Action potential">impulses</a> from the motor center of the <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> are sent to the foot and <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leg_muscles" title="Leg muscles" class="mw-redirect">leg muscles</a>. Next the <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_cells" title="Nerve cells" class="mw-redirect">nerve cells</a> in the feet send information to the brain telling it to adjust the <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscle</a> groups or amount of <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a> required to walk across the ground. Different amounts of <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a> are applied depending on the type of surface being walked across. The leg's <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_spindle" title="Muscle spindle">muscle spindle</a> <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_cells" title="Nerve cells" class="mw-redirect">nerve cells</a> then sense and send the position of the floor back up to the <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a>. Finally, when the foot is raised to step, signals are sent to <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscles" title="Muscles" class="mw-redirect">muscles</a> in the leg and foot to set it down.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Biosensors">Biosensors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biosensors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensors" title="Biosensors" class="mw-redirect">Biosensors</a> are used to detect what the user wants to do or their intentions and motions. In some devices the information can be relayed by the user's <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a> or <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_system" title="Muscle system" class="mw-redirect">muscle system</a>. This information is related by the biosensor to a <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_(control_theory)" title="Controller (control theory)">controller</a> which can be located inside or outside the biomechatronic device. In addition biosensors receive information about the <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">limb</a> position and force from the <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">limb</a> and <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuator" title="Actuator">actuator</a>. Biosensors come in a variety of forms. They can be <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire" title="Wire">wires</a> which detect <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_activity" title="Electrical activity" class="mw-redirect">electrical activity</a>, <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Needle_electrodes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Needle electrodes (page does not exist)">needle electrodes</a> implanted in <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscles" title="Muscles" class="mw-redirect">muscles</a>, and <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode_array" title="Electrode array">electrode arrays</a> with <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerves" title="Nerves" class="mw-redirect">nerves</a> growing through them.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mechanical_sensors">Mechanical sensors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mechanical sensors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The purpose of the mechanical sensors is to measure information about the biomechatronic device and relate that information to the biosensor or controller.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Controller">Controller</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controller">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The controller in a biomechatronic device relays the user's intentions to the actuators. It also interprets feedback information to the user that comes from the biosensors and mechanical sensors. The other function of the controller is to control the biomechatronic device's movements.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Actuator">Actuator</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Actuator">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The actuator is an artificial muscle. Its job is to produce force and movement. Depending on whether the device is <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthotic" title="Orthotic" class="mw-redirect">orthotic</a> or <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthetic" title="Prosthetic" class="mw-redirect">prosthetic</a> the actuator can be a motor that assists or replaces the user's original muscle.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Research">Research</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Research">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Biomechatronics is a rapidly growing field but as of now there are very few labs which conduct research. The <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago">Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago</a>, <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California_at_Berkeley" title="University of California at Berkeley" class="mw-redirect">University of California at Berkeley</a>, <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT" title="MIT" class="mw-redirect">MIT</a>, and <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Twente" title="University of Twente">University of Twente</a> in the Netherlands are the researching leaders in biomechatronics. Three main areas are emphasized in the current research.</p> <ol> <li>Analyzing human motions, which are complex, to aid in the design of biomechatronic devices</li> <li>Studying how electronic devices can be interfaced with the nervous system.</li> <li>Testing the ways to use living muscle tissue as actuators for electronic devices</li> </ol> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Analyzing_motions">Analyzing motions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Analyzing motions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>A great deal of analysis over human motion is needed because human movement is very complex. <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT" title="MIT" class="mw-redirect">MIT</a> and the <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Twente" title="University of Twente">University of Twente</a> are both working to analyze these movements. They are doing this through a combination of <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_models" title="Computer models" class="mw-redirect">computer models</a>, <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">camera</a> systems, and <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromyograms" title="Electromyograms" class="mw-redirect">electromyograms</a>.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Interfacing">Interfacing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Interfacing">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Interfacing allows biomechatronic devices to connect with the muscle systems and nerves of the user in order send and receive information from the device. This is a technology that is not available in ordinary <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthotics" title="Orthotics">orthotics</a> and <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthetics" title="Prosthetics" class="mw-redirect">prosthetics</a> devices. Groups at the <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Twente" title="University of Twente">University of Twente</a> are making drastic steps in this department. Scientists there have developed a device which will help to treat <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">paralysis</a> and <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> victims who are unable to control their foot while walking. The researchers are also nearing a breakthrough which would allow a person with an <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amputated" title="Amputated" class="mw-redirect">amputated</a> leg to control their <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthetic" title="Prosthetic" class="mw-redirect">prosthetic</a> leg through their stump muscles.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="MIT_research">MIT research</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: MIT research">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Herr" title="Hugh Herr">Hugh Herr</a> is the leading biomechatronic scientist at <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT" title="MIT" class="mw-redirect">MIT</a>. Herr and his group of researchers are developing a <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve" title="Sieve">sieve</a> <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode" title="Electrode">electrode</a> and prosthetic devices that are coming closer to mimicking real human movement. The two prosthetic devices currently in the making will control knee movement and the other will control the stiffness of an ankle joint.</p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Robotic_fish">Robotic fish</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Robotic fish">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4> <p>As mentioned before Herr and his colleagues made a robotic fish that was propelled by living muscle tissue taken from frog legs. The robotic fish was a prototype of a biomechatronic device with a living actuator. The following characteristics were given to the fish.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li>A styrofoam float so the fish can float</li> <li>Electrical wires for connections</li> <li>A silicone tail that enables force while swimming</li> <li>Power provided by lithium batteries</li> <li>A microcontroller to control movement</li> <li>An infrared sensor enables the microcontroller to communicate with a handheld device</li> <li>Muscles stimulated by an electronic unit</li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Arts_research">Arts research</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Arts research">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>New media artists at UCSD are using biomechatronics in performance art pieces, such as Technesexual (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://bang.calit2.net/wiki/Mixed_Relations">more information</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://www.flickr.com/photos/lotu5/sets/72157621943139937/">photos</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://www.vimeo.com/7240418">video</a>), a performance which uses biometric sensors to bridge the performers' real bodies to their Second Life avatars and Slapshock (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://life.calit2.net/archives/2009/06/slapshock-by-elle-mehrmand-and.php">more information</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://www.flickr.com/photos/lotu5/sets/72157620312879150/">photos</a>,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://www.vimeo.com/5532433">video</a>), in which medical TENS units are used to explore intersubjective symbiosis in intimate relationships.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Growth">Growth</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Growth">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The demand for biomechatronic devices are at an all-time high and show no signs of slowing down. Many biomechatronic researchers are closely collaborating with military organizations. The <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="US Department of Veterans Affairs" class="mw-redirect">US Department of Veterans Affairs</a> and the <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> are giving funds to different labs to help soldiers and war veterans <sup id="cite_ref-How_Biomechatronics_Works_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_Biomechatronics_Works-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomechanics" title="Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionics" title="Bionics">Bionics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineering" title="Biomedical engineering">Biomedical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-computer_interface" title="Brain-computer interface" class="mw-redirect">Brain-computer interface</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberware" title="Cyberware">Cyberware</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontechnology" title="Gerontechnology">Gerontechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechatronics" title="Mechatronics">Mechatronics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_engineering" title="Neural engineering">Neural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroprosthetics" title="Neuroprosthetics">Neuroprosthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthetics" title="Prosthetics" class="mw-redirect">Prosthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthotics" title="Orthotics">Orthotics</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://health.howstuffworks.com/biomechatronics4.htm">"How Biomechatronics Works"</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiomechatronics&rft.btitle=How+Biomechatronics+Works&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhealth.howstuffworks.com%2Fbiomechatronics4.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-How_Biomechatronics_Works-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-How_Biomechatronics_Works_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">How Biomechatronics Works</span></li> </ol> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomechatronics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://biomech.media.mit.edu/">Biomechatronics lab at MIT</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://www.ric.org/research/centers/smpp/labs/biomechdev/Biomechatronics.aspx/">Biomechatronics lab at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://www.utwente.nl/ewi/bss">Biomechatronics lab at University of Twente</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://biomechatronics.cit.cmu.edu/">Experimental Biomechatronics Lab at Carnegie Mellon University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://www.biomechatronics.de/englisch/research-oundt/biomechatronics.html/">Laboratory for Biomechatronics at the University of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/biomechatronik/">Laboratory for Biomechatronics at the Technische Universität Ilmenau</a></li> </ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface" title="Template:Brain–computer interface"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface" title="Template talk:Brain–computer interface"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface" title="Brain–computer interface">Brain–computer interface</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Technologies</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><strong class="selflink">Biomechatronics</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_implant" title="Brain implant">Brain implant</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrainGate" title="BrainGate">BrainGate</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainport" title="Brainport">Brainport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberware" title="Cyberware">Cyberware</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exocortex" title="Exocortex">Exocortex</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_amplification" title="Intelligence amplification">Intelligence amplification</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolated_brain" title="Isolated brain">Isolated brain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroprosthetics" title="Neuroprosthetics">Neuroprosthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotechnology" title="Neurotechnology">Neurotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optogenetics" title="Optogenetics">Optogenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_substitution" title="Sensory substitution">Sensory substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_telepathy" title="Synthetic telepathy" class="mw-redirect">Synthetic telepathy</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"> <div><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BrainGate.jpg" class="image"><img alt="BrainGate.jpg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150323132552im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BrainGate.jpg/100px-BrainGate.jpg" width="100" height="150" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150323132552im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BrainGate.jpg/150px-BrainGate.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150323132552im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BrainGate.jpg/200px-BrainGate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2592"/></a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Scientific phenomena</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocorticography" title="Electrocorticography">Electrocorticography</a> (ECoG)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_ensemble" title="Neural ensemble">Neural ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroplasticity" title="Neuroplasticity">Neuroplasticity</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Disciplines</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience" title="Cognitive neuroscience">Cognitive neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_neuroscience" title="Computational neuroscience">Computational neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerging_technologies#Acronyms" title="Emerging technologies">NBIC</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_engineering" title="Neural engineering">Neural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Speculative</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_transplant" title="Brain transplant">Brain transplant</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyborg" title="Cyborg">Cyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_uploading" title="Mind uploading">Mind uploading</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">People</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Stross" title="Charles Stross">Charles Stross</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Herr" title="Hugh Herr">Hugh Herr</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._C._R._Licklider" title="J. C. R. Licklider">J. C. R. Licklider</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick">Kevin Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Nagle" title="Matt Nagle">Matt Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_Donald" title="Merlin Donald">Merlin Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Nicolelis" title="Miguel Nicolelis">Miguel Nicolelis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kyberd" title="Peter Kyberd">Peter Kyberd</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Mann" title="Steve Mann">Steve Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoky_Matsuoka" title="Yoky Matsuoka">Yoky Matsuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Boyden" title="Edward Boyden">Edward Boyden</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurohacking" title="Neurohacking">Neurohacking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulated_reality" title="Simulated reality">Simulated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td 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src="//web.archive.org/web/20150323132552im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="12" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150323132552im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150323132552im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brain-computer_interfaces" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Brain-computer interfaces"><b>Commons</b></a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" 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href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biology_topics" title="List of biology topics" class="mw-redirect">Topics related to biology</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">People and history</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">Biologist</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biologists" title="List of biologists">Notable biologists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_biology" title="History of biology">History of biology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_biology_and_organic_chemistry" title="Timeline of biology and organic chemistry">Timeline of biology and organic chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geneticists_and_biochemists" title="List of geneticists and biochemists" class="mw-redirect">List of geneticists and biochemists</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Institutions, publications</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_publications_in_biology" title="List of publications in biology" class="mw-redirect">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Terms and phrases</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><i><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omne_vivum_ex_ovo" title="Omne vivum ex ovo" class="mw-redirect">Omne vivum ex ovo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">In vivo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">In vitro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">In utero</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_silico" title="In silico">In silico</a></i></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Related disciplines</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a> (<a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physician</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_anthropology" title="Physical anthropology" class="mw-redirect">Physical anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_science" title="Environmental science">Environmental science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conservation_topics" title="List of conservation topics" class="mw-redirect">List of conservation topics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altricial" title="Altricial">Altricial</a> and <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precocial" title="Precocial">Precocial</a> development strategies</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Technology" title="Template:Technology"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Technology" title="Template talk:Technology"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Technology&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_technology" title="Outline of technology">Outline of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_applied_science" title="Outline of applied science">Outline of applied science</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Fields</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_engineering" title="Agricultural engineering">Agricultural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chemistry" title="Food chemistry">Food chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_engineering" title="Food engineering">Food engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_microbiology" title="Food microbiology">Food microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_technology" title="Food technology">Food technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_use_restriction_technology" title="Genetic use restriction technology">GURT</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICT_in_agriculture" title="ICT in agriculture">ICT</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_technology" title="Biomedical technology">Biomedical</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_engineering" title="Biological engineering">Biological engineering</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Biomechatronics</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineering" title="Biomedical engineering">Biomedical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheminformatics" title="Cheminformatics">Cheminformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">Genetic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_science" title="Healthcare science" class="mw-redirect">Healthcare science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_research" title="Medical research">Medical research</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_technology" title="Medical technology" class="mw-redirect">Medical technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomedicine" title="Nanomedicine">Nanomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotechnology" title="Neurotechnology">Neurotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_technology" title="Reproductive technology">Reproductive technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering" title="Tissue engineering">Tissue engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Buildings</a> and<br/> <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustical_engineering" title="Acoustical engineering">Acoustical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">Architectural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_engineering" title="Construction engineering">Construction engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_technology" title="Domestic technology">Domestic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facade_engineering" title="Facade engineering">Facade engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering" title="Fire protection engineering">Fire protection engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_engineering" title="Safety engineering">Safety engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_engineering" title="Sanitary engineering">Sanitary engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology" title="Educational technology">Educational</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_software" title="Educational software">Educational software</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_technologies_in_education" title="Digital technologies in education" class="mw-redirect">Digital technologies in education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communication_technologies_in_education" title="Information and communication technologies in education" class="mw-redirect">ICT in education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_technology_on_the_educational_system" title="Impact of technology on the educational system" class="mw-redirect">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_learning" title="Multimedia learning" class="mw-redirect">Multimedia learning</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_campus" title="Virtual campus">Virtual campus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_education" title="Virtual education" class="mw-redirect">Virtual education</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_technology" title="Energy technology">Energy</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_engineering" title="Nuclear engineering">Nuclear engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_technology" title="Nuclear technology">Nuclear technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_engineering" title="Petroleum engineering">Petroleum engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_energy_technology" title="Soft energy technology">Soft energy technology</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">Environmental</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_technology" title="Clean technology">Clean technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_coal_technology" title="Clean coal technology">Clean coal technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotechnology" title="Ecotechnology">Ecotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering_science" title="Environmental engineering science">Environmental engineering science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_building" title="Green building">Green building</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_nanotechnology" title="Green nanotechnology">Green nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_engineering" title="Landscape engineering">Landscape engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">Sustainable engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology" title="Industrial technology">Industrial</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation" title="Automation">Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_informatics" title="Business informatics">Business informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_management" title="Engineering management">Engineering management</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_engineering" title="Enterprise engineering">Enterprise engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_finance" title="Computational finance">Financial engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_biotechnology" title="Industrial biotechnology" class="mw-redirect">Industrial biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">Industrial engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_engineering" title="Mining engineering">Mining engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity_improving_technologies_(historical)" title="Productivity improving technologies (historical)">Productivity improving technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribology" title="Tribology">Tribology</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">IT and communications</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_engineering" title="Broadcast engineering">Broadcast engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">Computer engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_technology" title="Financial technology">Financial technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_technology" title="Music technology">Music technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_engineering" title="Ontology engineering">Ontology engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_engineering" title="RF engineering" class="mw-redirect">RF engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">Software engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_engineering" title="Telecommunications engineering">Telecommunications engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_technology" title="Visual technology">Visual technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_engineering" title="Web engineering">Web engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Military</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_engineering_maintenance" title="Army engineering maintenance">Army engineering maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">Military communications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Military engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealth_technology" title="Stealth technology">Stealth technology</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">Aerospace engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_engineering" title="Automotive engineering">Automotive engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_architecture" title="Naval architecture">Naval architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_technology" title="Space technology" class="mw-redirect">Space technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_engineering_(transportation)" title="Traffic engineering (transportation)">Traffic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_engineering" title="Transport engineering" class="mw-redirect">Transport engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_science" title="Applied science">applied sciences</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenics" title="Cryogenics">Cryogenics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-optics" title="Electro-optics">Electro-optics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_geology" title="Engineering geology">Engineering geology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_physics" title="Engineering physics">Engineering physics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">Hydraulics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">Materials science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfabrication" title="Microfabrication">Microfabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoengineering" title="Nanoengineering">Nanoengineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> <a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_engineering_branches" title="List of engineering branches">fields</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_engineering" title="Audio engineering" class="mw-redirect">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_engineering" title="Biochemical engineering">Biochemical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_engineering" title="Ceramic engineering">Ceramic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_engineering" title="Polymer engineering">Polymer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_engineering" title="Control engineering">Control</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">Electrical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_engineering" title="Electronic engineering">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment_technology" title="Entertainment technology">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering" title="Geotechnical engineering">Geotechnical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_engineering" title="Hydraulic engineering">Hydraulic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechatronics" title="Mechatronics">Mechatronics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_engineering" title="Optical engineering">Optical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_engineering" title="Protein engineering">Protein</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_technology" title="Quantum technology">Quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">Robotics</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animatronics" title="Animatronics">Animatronics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Systems</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Components</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">Invention</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_historic_inventions" title="Timeline of historic inventions">Timeline</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine" title="Machine">Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skill" title="Skill">Skill</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">Craft</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool" title="Tool">Tool</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadget" title="Gadget">Gadget</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Scales</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtotechnology" title="Femtotechnology">Femtotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picotechnology" title="Picotechnology">Picotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtechnology" title="Microtechnology">Microtechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-engineering" title="Macro-engineering">Macro-engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megascale_engineering" title="Megascale engineering">Megascale engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">History</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" title="Outline of prehistoric technology">Prehistoric technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_technology" title="Ancient technology">Ancient technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_technology" title="Medieval technology">Medieval technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_technology" title="Renaissance technology">Renaissance technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">Second</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Age" title="Jet Age">Jet Age</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Revolution" title="Digital Revolution">Digital Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_technology" title="Theories of technology">Theories</a> and<br/> concepts</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_technology" title="Critique of technology">Critique of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_of_innovations" title="Diffusion of innovations">Diffusion of innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disruptive_innovation" title="Disruptive innovation">Disruptive innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-use_technology" title="Dual-use technology">Dual-use technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemeralization" title="Ephemeralization">Ephemeralization</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_technology" title="Ethics of technology">Ethics of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">High tech</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycle" title="Hype cycle">Hype cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-technology" title="Low-technology" class="mw-redirect">Low-technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mature_technology" title="Mature technology">Mature technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_technology" title="Philosophy of technology">Philosophy of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy_of_Technology" title="Strategy of Technology">Strategy of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technicism" title="Technicism">Technicism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocapitalism" title="Technocapitalism">Technocapitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocentrism" title="Technocentrism">Technocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocriticism" title="Technocriticism">Technocriticism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoetic" title="Technoetic">Technoetic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoethics" title="Technoethics">Technoethics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technogaianism" title="Technogaianism">Technogaianism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_alliance" title="Technological alliance">Technological alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_apartheid" title="Technological apartheid">Technological apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_change" title="Technological change">Technological change</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_convergence" title="Technological convergence">Technological convergence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_determinism" title="Technological determinism">Technological determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_escalation" title="Technological escalation">Technological escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_evolution" title="Technological evolution">Technological evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_fix" title="Technological fix">Technological fix</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_innovation_system" title="Technological innovation system">Technological innovation system</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_momentum" title="Technological momentum">Technological momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_nationalism" title="Technological nationalism">Technological nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_paradigm" title="Technological paradigm">Technological paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_rationality" title="Technological rationality">Technological rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_revival" title="Technological revival">Technological revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_revolution" title="Technological revolution">Technological revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_self-efficacy" title="Technological self-efficacy">Technological self-efficacy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singularitarianism" title="Singularitarianism">Singularitarianism</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_somnambulism" title="Technological somnambulism">Technological somnambulism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_transitions" title="Technological transitions">Technological transitions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_unemployment" title="Technological unemployment">Technological unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_utopianism" title="Technological utopianism">Technological utopianism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_lifecycle" title="Technology lifecycle" class="mw-redirect">Technology lifecycle</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_acceptance_model" title="Technology acceptance model">Technology acceptance model</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_lifecycle" title="Technology adoption lifecycle">Technology adoption lifecycle</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technomancy" title="Technomancy">Technomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technorealism" title="Technorealism">Technorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoromanticism" title="Technoromanticism">Technoromanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoscience" title="Technoscience">Technoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerging_technologies" title="Emerging technologies">Emerging technologies</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emerging_technologies" title="List of emerging technologies">List</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictional_technology" title="Fictional technology">Fictional technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technopaganism" title="Technopaganism">Technopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:High-technology_business_districts" title="Category:High-technology business districts">High-technology business districts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale" title="Kardashev scale">Kardashev scale</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_technologies" title="List of technologies">List of technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_technology" title="Platform technology">Platform technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology_and_society" title="Science, technology and society">Science, technology and society</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_dynamics" title="Technology dynamics">Technology dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_by_country" title="Category:Science and technology by country">Science and technology by country</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEM_fields" title="STEM fields">STEM fields</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-STEM" title="Pre-STEM">Pre-STEM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_STEM_fields" title="Women in STEM fields">women</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEAM_fields" title="STEAM fields">STEAM fields</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_alignment" title="Technology alignment">Technology alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_assessment" title="Technology assessment">Technology assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_brokering" title="Technology brokering" class="mw-redirect">Technology brokering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Technology_companies" title="Category:Technology companies">Technology companies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_demonstration" title="Technology demonstration">Technology demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_education" title="Technology education">Technology education</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Technical_universities_and_colleges" title="Category:Technical universities and colleges">Technical universities and colleges</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_evangelist" title="Technology evangelist">Technology evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_fusion" title="Technology fusion">Technology fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_governance" title="Technology governance">Technology governance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_integration" title="Technology integration">Technology integration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_journalism" title="Technology journalism">Technology journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_management" title="Technology management">Technology management</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_museum" title="Technology museum">Technology museum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_policy" title="Technology policy">Technology policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150323132552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_shock" title="Technology shock">Technology shock</a></li> <li><a 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