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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> An endangered species is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> that is very likely to become <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as <a href="/wiki/Habitat_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat loss">habitat loss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN) <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">Red List</a> lists the global <a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">conservation status</a> of many species, and various other agencies assess the status of species within particular areas. Many nations have <a href="/wiki/Environmental_law" title="Environmental law">laws</a> that protect <a href="/wiki/Conservation-reliant_species" title="Conservation-reliant species">conservation-reliant species</a> which, for example, forbid <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a>, restrict <a href="/wiki/Land_development" title="Land development">land development</a>, or create <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a>. Some endangered species are the target of extensive conservation efforts such as <a href="/wiki/Captive_breeding" title="Captive breeding">captive breeding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habitat_restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat restoration">habitat restoration</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_lion_tamarin_portrait3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Golden_lion_tamarin_portrait3.jpg/170px-Golden_lion_tamarin_portrait3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Golden_lion_tamarin_portrait3.jpg/255px-Golden_lion_tamarin_portrait3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Golden_lion_tamarin_portrait3.jpg/340px-Golden_lion_tamarin_portrait3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1953" data-file-height="2930"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Golden_lion_tamarin" title="Golden lion tamarin">Golden lion tamarin</a>, an endemic and one of the endangered species saved from extinction in Brazil</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trends_in_Endangered_Species-_A_Visual_Representation_of_Plant_and_Animal_Conservation_in_Brazil_(2014-2022).pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Trends_in_Endangered_Species-_A_Visual_Representation_of_Plant_and_Animal_Conservation_in_Brazil_%282014-2022%29.pdf/page1-285px-Trends_in_Endangered_Species-_A_Visual_Representation_of_Plant_and_Animal_Conservation_in_Brazil_%282014-2022%29.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Trends_in_Endangered_Species-_A_Visual_Representation_of_Plant_and_Animal_Conservation_in_Brazil_%282014-2022%29.pdf/page1-428px-Trends_in_Endangered_Species-_A_Visual_Representation_of_Plant_and_Animal_Conservation_in_Brazil_%282014-2022%29.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Trends_in_Endangered_Species-_A_Visual_Representation_of_Plant_and_Animal_Conservation_in_Brazil_%282014-2022%29.pdf/page1-570px-Trends_in_Endangered_Species-_A_Visual_Representation_of_Plant_and_Animal_Conservation_in_Brazil_%282014-2022%29.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="1000"></a><figcaption>A visual representation of the declining percentages of endangered plant and animal species in Brazil from 2014 to 2022. The sidebar graph highlights the contrast between plant and animal conservation efforts.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gymnogyps_californianus_-Bitter_Creek_National_Wildlife_Refuge,_California,_USA_-flying-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gymnogyps_californianus_-Bitter_Creek_National_Wildlife_Refuge%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg/170px-Gymnogyps_californianus_-Bitter_Creek_National_Wildlife_Refuge%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gymnogyps_californianus_-Bitter_Creek_National_Wildlife_Refuge%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg/255px-Gymnogyps_californianus_-Bitter_Creek_National_Wildlife_Refuge%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gymnogyps_californianus_-Bitter_Creek_National_Wildlife_Refuge%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg/340px-Gymnogyps_californianus_-Bitter_Creek_National_Wildlife_Refuge%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1601" data-file-height="2000"></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/California_condor" title="California condor">California condor</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically endangered">critically endangered</a> species. Note the <a href="/wiki/Bird_ringing" title="Bird ringing">wing tags</a> used for population monitoring.</figcaption></figure> Human activity is a significant cause in causing some species to become endangered.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Conservation_status">1 Conservation status</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#IUCN_Red_List">2 IUCN Red List</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#In_Brazil">3 In Brazil</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#In_the_United_States">4 In the United States</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Effect_of_climate_change_on_endangered_species">4.1 Effect of climate change on endangered species</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Endangered_Species_Act">4.2 Endangered Species Act</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#In_Canada">5 In Canada</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#In_India">6 In India</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Invasive_species">7 Invasive species</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Climate_change">8 Climate change</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Conservation">9 Conservation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Captive_breeding">9.1 Captive breeding</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Private_farming">9.2 Private farming</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Success_stories">9.3 Success stories</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Gallery">10 Gallery</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also">11 See also</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#IUCN_Red_List_2">11.1 IUCN Red List</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References">12 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Further_reading">13 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#External_links">14 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Conservation_status">Conservation status</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Conservation status" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pusa_hispida_saimensis_ca_1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pusa_hispida_saimensis_ca_1956.jpg/170px-Pusa_hispida_saimensis_ca_1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="939"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pusa_hispida_saimensis_ca_1956.jpg/170px-Pusa_hispida_saimensis_ca_1956.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pusa_hispida_saimensis_ca_1956.jpg/255px-Pusa_hispida_saimensis_ca_1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pusa_hispida_saimensis_ca_1956.jpg/340px-Pusa_hispida_saimensis_ca_1956.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Photo of Pusa hispida saimensis, also known as <a href="/wiki/Saimaa_ringed_seal" title="Saimaa ringed seal">Saimaa ringed seal</a>, from 1956. Living only in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Saimaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Saimaa">Lake Saimaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, Saimaa ringed seals are among the most endangered seals in the world, having a total population of only about 400 individuals.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">conservation status</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> indicates the likelihood that it will become <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>. Multiple factors are considered when assessing the status of a species; e.g., such statistics as the number remaining, the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, or known threats.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a> is the best-known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Over 50% of the world's species are estimated to be at risk of extinction,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> but the frontier between categories such as 'endangered', 'rare', or 'locally extinct' species is often difficult to draw given the general paucity of data on most of these species. This is notably the case in the world Ocean where endangered species not seen for decades may go extinct unnoticed.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Internationally, 195 countries have signed an accord to create <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiversity Action Plan">Biodiversity Action Plans</a> that will protect endangered and other threatened species. In the United States, such plans are usually called <a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Recovery_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species Recovery Plan">Species Recovery Plans</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="IUCN_Red_List">IUCN Red List</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: IUCN Red List" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)" title="Endangered species (IUCN status)">Endangered species (IUCN status)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg/170px-Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="115" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3222" data-file-height="2184"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 115px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg/170px-Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="115" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg/255px-Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg/340px-Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Siberian_tiger" title="Siberian tiger">Siberian tiger</a> is an Endangered (EN) <a href="/wiki/Tiger#Subspecies" title="Tiger">tiger subspecies</a>. Three tiger subspecies are already extinct (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_carnivorans_by_population" title="List of carnivorans by population">List of carnivorans by population</a>).<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AraGlaucogularisFull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/AraGlaucogularisFull.jpg/170px-AraGlaucogularisFull.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="4465"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 240px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/AraGlaucogularisFull.jpg/170px-AraGlaucogularisFull.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="240" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/AraGlaucogularisFull.jpg/255px-AraGlaucogularisFull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/AraGlaucogularisFull.jpg/340px-AraGlaucogularisFull.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue-throated_macaw" title="Blue-throated macaw">Blue-throated macaw</a>, a critically endangered bird</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BrownSpiderMonkey_(edit2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BrownSpiderMonkey_%28edit2%29.jpg/170px-BrownSpiderMonkey_%28edit2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="191" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2140" data-file-height="2401"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 191px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BrownSpiderMonkey_%28edit2%29.jpg/170px-BrownSpiderMonkey_%28edit2%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="191" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BrownSpiderMonkey_%28edit2%29.jpg/255px-BrownSpiderMonkey_%28edit2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BrownSpiderMonkey_%28edit2%29.jpg/340px-BrownSpiderMonkey_%28edit2%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brown_spider_monkey" title="Brown spider monkey">Brown spider monkey</a>, a critically endangered mammal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siamese_Crocodiles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Siamese_Crocodiles.JPG/170px-Siamese_Crocodiles.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Siamese_Crocodiles.JPG/170px-Siamese_Crocodiles.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Siamese_Crocodiles.JPG/255px-Siamese_Crocodiles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Siamese_Crocodiles.JPG/340px-Siamese_Crocodiles.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Siamese_crocodile" title="Siamese crocodile">Siamese crocodile</a>, a critically endangered reptile</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicrophorus_americanus_-_Sankt-Peterburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Nicrophorus_americanus_-_Sankt-Peterburg.jpg/170px-Nicrophorus_americanus_-_Sankt-Peterburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1164"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 236px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Nicrophorus_americanus_-_Sankt-Peterburg.jpg/170px-Nicrophorus_americanus_-_Sankt-Peterburg.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="236" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Nicrophorus_americanus_-_Sankt-Peterburg.jpg/255px-Nicrophorus_americanus_-_Sankt-Peterburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Nicrophorus_americanus_-_Sankt-Peterburg.jpg/340px-Nicrophorus_americanus_-_Sankt-Peterburg.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/American_burying_beetle" class="mw-redirect" title="American burying beetle">American burying beetle</a>, an endangered species of insect</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lepidochelys_kempii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lepidochelys_kempii.jpg/170px-Lepidochelys_kempii.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lepidochelys_kempii.jpg/170px-Lepidochelys_kempii.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lepidochelys_kempii.jpg/255px-Lepidochelys_kempii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lepidochelys_kempii.jpg/340px-Lepidochelys_kempii.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kemp%27s_ridley_sea_turtle" title="Kemp's ridley sea turtle">Kemp's ridley sea turtle</a>, a critically endangered reptile</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexican_Wolf_2_yfb-edit_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mexican_Wolf_2_yfb-edit_1.jpg/170px-Mexican_Wolf_2_yfb-edit_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1999"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mexican_Wolf_2_yfb-edit_1.jpg/170px-Mexican_Wolf_2_yfb-edit_1.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mexican_Wolf_2_yfb-edit_1.jpg/255px-Mexican_Wolf_2_yfb-edit_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mexican_Wolf_2_yfb-edit_1.jpg/340px-Mexican_Wolf_2_yfb-edit_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mexican_wolf" title="Mexican wolf">Mexican wolf</a>, the most endangered subspecies of the North American <a href="/wiki/Grey_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey wolf">grey wolf</a>. Approximately 143 are living in the wild.</figcaption></figure> Though labeled a list, the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a> is a system of assessing the global conservation status of species that includes "Data Deficient" (DD) species – species for which more data and assessment is required before their situation may be determined – as well species comprehensively assessed by the IUCN's species assessment process.<a href="#cite_note-:0-12">[12]</a> The species under the index include: mammals, birds, amphibians, cycads, and corals. Those species of "<a href="/wiki/Near-threatened_species" title="Near-threatened species">Near Threatened</a>" (NT) and "<a href="/wiki/Least_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least concern">Least Concern</a>" (LC) status have been assessed and found to have relatively robust and healthy populations, though these may be in decline. Unlike their more general use elsewhere, the List uses the terms "endangered species" and "threatened species" with particular meanings: "Endangered" (EN) species lie between "<a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_species" title="Vulnerable species">Vulnerable</a>" (VU) and "<a href="/wiki/Critically_Endangered_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically Endangered species">Critically Endangered</a>" (CR) species. In 2012, the IUCN Red List listed 3,079 animal and 2,655 plant species as endangered (EN) worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-:0-12">[12]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="In_Brazil">In Brazil</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Brazil" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> is one of the most <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiverse</a> countries in the world, if not the most. It houses not only the Amazon forest but the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Forest" title="Atlantic Forest">Atlantic forest</a>, the savanna-like <a href="/wiki/Cerrado" title="Cerrado">Cerrado</a> among other <a href="/wiki/Biomes_in_Brazil" title="Biomes in Brazil">biomes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Due to the high density of some of its well-preserved rainforests, <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_smuggling" title="Wildlife smuggling">wildlife trafficking</a>, which along with deforestation is one of the biggest endangerment drivers in Brazil, has become a challenge. Brazil has a broad legal system meant to protect the environment, including its <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Brazil" title="Constitution of Brazil">Constitution</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> as well as several federal, state and local government agencies tasked with protecting the <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a>, fining individuals or companies linked to <a href="/wiki/Environmental_crime" title="Environmental crime">environmental crimes</a> and confiscating illegally taken wildlife. Though such agencies can collect their data, each system operates relatively on its own when it comes to wildlife trafficking. However, both the agencies and the <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGO</a>'s working in Brazil agree that the birds account for about 80% of trafficked species in the country.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The relation between wildlife smuggling, other environment crimes under the Brazilian law such as <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, and endangered species is particularly intricate and troubling since the rarer the animal or plant gets the most targeted and valuable they become in the <a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">black market</a>, which leads to more endangered species in its turn.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Additionally, some environment experts and scientists point to the disbanding of environment agencies and the repeal of laws in Brazil under the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro">presidency of Jair Bolsonaro</a> as one of the reasons behind a surge in the number of endangered species.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In one occasion during his presidency some fines totaling US$3.1 billion on environment criminals were revoked and at least one fine (related to <a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">illegal fishing</a>) imposed on Bolsonaro himself was cancelled and the agent who fined him was <a href="/wiki/Demotion" title="Demotion">demoted</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In the past, Brazil has successfully saved the endemic <a href="/wiki/Golden_lion_tamarin" title="Golden lion tamarin">golden lion tamarin</a> from <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a>. Massive campaigns to raise awareness among people by NGO's and governments, which included printing depictions of the golden lion tamarin in the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">20 reais Brazilian banknotes</a> (still in circulation), are credited with getting the species out of the <a href="/wiki/Critically_Endangered" title="Critically Endangered">critically endangered</a> animals list.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="In_the_United_States">In the United States</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In the United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> There is data from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> that shows a correlation between human populations and threatened and endangered species. Using species data from the Database on the Economics and Management of Endangered Species database and the period that the <a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a> (ESA) has been in existence, 1970 to 1997, a table was created that suggests a positive relationship between human activity and species endangerment.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effect_of_climate_change_on_endangered_species">Effect of climate change on endangered species</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Effect of climate change on endangered species" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_in_Earth%27s_atmosphere" title="Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere">Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere</a> is asserted to be one of the leading causes of animal endangerment. According to the US <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>:<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <blockquote>If we can sufficiently reduce greenhouse gas emissions, many of them will still have a chance to survive and recover. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> scientist <a href="/wiki/James_Hansen" title="James Hansen">James Hanson</a> has warned that in order to maintain a climate similar to that under which human civilization developed and similar to that which so many organisms are adapted, we need to quickly reduce the carbon dioxide in our atmosphere to 350 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per million">parts per million</a> (ppm). Before the industrial revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rarely rose above 280 ppm; during the 2014 calendar year, carbon dioxide levels fluctuated between 395 and 402 ppm.</blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Endangered_Species_Count_by_State.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/U.S._Endangered_Species_Count_by_State.gif/220px-U.S._Endangered_Species_Count_by_State.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="612"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/U.S._Endangered_Species_Count_by_State.gif/220px-U.S._Endangered_Species_Count_by_State.gif" data-width="220" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/U.S._Endangered_Species_Count_by_State.gif/330px-U.S._Endangered_Species_Count_by_State.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/U.S._Endangered_Species_Count_by_State.gif/440px-U.S._Endangered_Species_Count_by_State.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A proportional symbol map of each state's endangered species count</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endangered_Species_Act">Endangered Species Act</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Endangered Species Act" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 in the United States, species may be listed as "endangered" or "threatened". "The Salt Creek tiger beetle" is an example of an endangered subspecies protected under the ESA. The <a href="/wiki/US_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="US Fish and Wildlife Service">US Fish and Wildlife Service</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">National Marine Fisheries Service</a> are held responsible for classifying and protecting endangered species. They are also responsible for adding a particular species to the list, which can be a long, controversial process.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Some endangered species laws are controversial. Typical areas of controversy include criteria for placing a species on the endangered species list and rules for removing a species from the list once its population has recovered. Whether restrictions on land development constitute a "taking" of land by the government; the related question of whether private landowners should be compensated for the loss of uses of their areas; and obtaining reasonable exceptions to protection laws. Also lobbying from <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunters</a> and various industries like the <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">petroleum industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> industry, and <a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">logging</a>, has been an obstacle in establishing endangered species laws. The <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> lifted a policy that required federal officials to consult a wildlife expert before taking actions that could damage endangered species. Under the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a>, this policy was reinstated.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Being listed as an endangered species can have negative effect since it could make a species more desirable for collectors and poachers.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> This effect is potentially reducible, such as in China where commercially farmed turtles may be reducing some of the pressure to poach endangered species.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Another problem with the listing species is its effect of inciting the use of the "shoot, shovel, and shut-up" method of clearing endangered species from an area of land. Some landowners currently may perceive a diminution in value for their land after finding an endangered animal on it. They have allegedly opted to kill and bury the animals or destroy habitat silently. Thus removing the problem from their land, but at the same time further reducing the population of an endangered species.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The effectiveness of the ESA– which coined the term "endangered species"– has been questioned by business advocacy groups and their publications but is nevertheless widely recognized by wildlife scientists who work with the species as an effective recovery tool. Nineteen species have been delisted and recovered<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> and 93% of listed species in the northeastern United States have a recovering or stable population.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Currently, 1,556 endangered species are under protection by government law. This approximation, however, does not take into consideration the species threatened with endangerment that are not included under the protection of laws like the Endangered Species Act. According to <a href="/wiki/NatureServe_conservation_status" title="NatureServe conservation status">NatureServe's global conservation status</a>, approximately thirteen percent of vertebrates (excluding marine fish), seventeen percent of vascular plants, and six to eighteen percent of fungi are considered imperiled.<a href="#cite_note-WM2005-30">[30]</a>: 415 Thus, in total, between seven and eighteen percent of the United States' known animals, fungi and plants are near extinction.<a href="#cite_note-WM2005-30">[30]</a>: 416 This total is substantially more than the number of species protected in the United States under the Endangered Species Act. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg/170px-2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="122" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="593"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 122px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg/170px-2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="122" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg/255px-2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg/340px-2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">Bald eagle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_bison_k5680-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/American_bison_k5680-1.jpg/170px-American_bison_k5680-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="111" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1761"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 111px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/American_bison_k5680-1.jpg/170px-American_bison_k5680-1.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="111" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/American_bison_k5680-1.jpg/255px-American_bison_k5680-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/American_bison_k5680-1.jpg/340px-American_bison_k5680-1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a></figcaption></figure> Ever since humankind began hunting to preserve itself, over-hunting and fishing have been a large and dangerous problem. Of all the species who became extinct due to interference from humankind, the <a href="/wiki/Dodo" title="Dodo">dodo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passenger_pigeon" title="Passenger pigeon">passenger pigeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_auk" title="Great auk">great auk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_tiger" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian tiger">Tasmanian tiger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steller%27s_sea_cow" title="Steller's sea cow">Steller's sea cow</a> are some of the more well known examples; with the <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">bald eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grizzly_bear" title="Grizzly bear">grizzly bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_timber_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern timber wolf">Eastern timber wolf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">sea turtle</a> having been poached to near-extinction. Many began as food sources seen as necessary for survival but became the target of sport. However, due to major efforts to prevent extinction, the bald eagle, or <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">Haliaeetus leucocephalus</a> is now under the category of Least Concern on the red list.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> A present-day example of the over-hunting of a species can be seen in the oceans as populations of certain whales have been greatly reduced. Large whales like the <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">bowhead whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">finback whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">gray whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whale</a> are some of the eight whales which are currently still included on the Endangered Species List. Actions have been taken to attempt a reduction in whaling and increase population sizes. The actions include prohibiting all whaling in United States waters, the formation of the CITES treaty which protects all whales, along with the formation of the <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a> (IWC). But even though all of these movements have been put in place, countries such as <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> continue to hunt and harvest whales under the claim of "scientific purposes".<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Over-hunting, climatic change and habitat loss leads in landing species in endangered species list. It could mean that extinction rates could increase to a large extent in the future. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="In_Canada">In Canada</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Endangered species are addressed through Canada's <a href="/wiki/Species_at_Risk_Act" title="Species at Risk Act">Species at Risk Act</a>. A species is deemed threatened or endangered when it is on the verge of extinction or <a href="/wiki/Local_extinction" title="Local extinction">extirpation</a>. Once a species is deemed threatened or endangered, the Act requires that a recovery plan to be developed that indicates how to stop or reverse the species' population decline.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> As of 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Status_of_Endangered_Wildlife_in_Canada" title="Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada">Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife In Canada</a> has assessed 369 species as being endangered in Canada. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="In_India">In India</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In India" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> The World Wide Fund-India raises concern in the longevity of the following animal species: the <a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red Panda</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal Tiger</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ganges_river_dolphin" title="Ganges river dolphin">Ganges River Dolphin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Asian Elephant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> India signed the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Protection_Act_of_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife Protection Act of 1972">Wildlife Protection Act</a> and the also joined the Convention on the International Trade in 1976, to prevent poaching from harming its wildlife.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Invasive_species">Invasive species</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Invasive species" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">Introduced species</a></div> The introduction of non-indigenous species to an area can disrupt the ecosystem to such an extent that native species become endangered. Such introductions may be termed alien or invasive species. In some cases, the invasive species compete with the native species for food or prey on the natives. In other cases, a stable ecological balance may be upset by predation or other causes leading to unexpected species decline. New species may also carry diseases to which the native species have no exposure or resistance.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate change" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change" title="Effects of climate change">Effects of climate change</a></div> <a href="/wiki/The_World_Wildlife_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Wildlife Fund">The World Wildlife Fund</a> (WWF) emphasizes that our planet is warming at a rate faster than any time in the past 10,000 years, necessitating species to adapt to new climate patterns, such as variations in rainfall and longer, warmer summers.<a href="#cite_note-:1-37">[37]</a> For example, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service</a> highlighted efforts to understand and mitigate the impact of climate change on species through scientific research, modeling, and conservation actions. This includes evaluating the current condition of species, their genetic variation, and how changes in their environment may affect their survival.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN) reports that the approximately 1°C rise in mean global temperature due to human activities is causing serious impacts on species, including changes in abundance, genetic composition, behavior, and survival. The IUCN stresses the importance of environmental policies aimed at reducing <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO 2</a> emissions to lessen the impact of climate change on species. Tools like the IUCN Red List and guidelines for assessing species' vulnerability to climate change are vital for conservation efforts.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salton_Sea_Tilapia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Salton_Sea_Tilapia.jpg/220px-Salton_Sea_Tilapia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="855"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 331px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Salton_Sea_Tilapia.jpg/220px-Salton_Sea_Tilapia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="331" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Salton_Sea_Tilapia.jpg/330px-Salton_Sea_Tilapia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Salton_Sea_Tilapia.jpg/440px-Salton_Sea_Tilapia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Image showing one of many fish kills (in this case Tilapia) induced by effects of climate change.</figcaption></figure> In addition, climate change can lead to species decreasing in areas where they once thrived, by being forced to migrate or even going extinct from inhospitable conditions, invasive species, and fragmentation. A study cited by WWF found that one in six species is at risk of extinction due to climate change if no action is taken. The phenomenon of species shifting their ranges in response to changing climates, finding new or shrinking habitats, illustrates the direct impact of global warming on biodiversity.<a href="#cite_note-:1-37">[37]</a> Another major concern is rising ocean acidity caused from excess <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO 2</a> in the atmosphere. This creates acidic conditions in the ocean which creates an inhospitable environment for fish, plants, and other keystone species such as coral reefs <a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> For example the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_penguin" title="Emperor penguin">Emperor Penguins</a>, which rely on Antarctic sea ice for breeding, shelter, and food. The melting of ice sheets poses a direct threat to their survival. Similarly, the Mount Rainier <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_ptarmigan" title="White-tailed ptarmigan">white-tailed ptarmigan</a>, adapted to alpine mountaintops, faces habitat loss due to climate changes in snowfall patterns and rising temperatures.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Another example is in the case of the Salton Sea in California. This area is a critical habitat for many endangered and watched species, as well as many migratory birds. Due to environmental shifts from climate change and the addition of agriculture in the surrounding plains, the system has become almost irreparably damaged. The warming temperatures has caused mass evaporation, leaving the Sea much more saline and with much more exposed playa. This not only damages air quality but also has caused fish kills to accumulate as shown pictured below. This has made the system inhospitable to the birds and endangered species relying upon it <a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Conservation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dhole.jpg/150px-Dhole.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="198" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2098" data-file-height="2765"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 198px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dhole.jpg/150px-Dhole.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="198" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dhole.jpg/225px-Dhole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dhole.jpg/300px-Dhole.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">dhole</a>, Asia's most endangered <a href="/wiki/Top_predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Top predator">top predator</a>, is on the edge of extinction.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Captive_breeding">Captive breeding</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Captive breeding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Captive_breeding" title="Captive breeding">Captive breeding</a></div> Captive breeding is the process of breeding rare or endangered species in human controlled environments with restricted settings, such as wildlife reserves, zoos, and other conservation facilities. Captive breeding is meant to save species from extinction and so stabilise the population of the species that it will not disappear.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> This technique has worked for many species for some time, with probably the oldest known such instances of captive mating being attributed to menageries of European and Asian rulers, an example being the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_David%27s_deer" title="Père David's deer">Père David's deer</a>. However, captive breeding techniques are usually difficult to implement for such highly mobile species as some migratory birds (e.g. cranes) and fishes (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Hilsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilsa">hilsa</a>). Additionally, if the captive breeding population is too small, then inbreeding may occur due to a reduced <a href="/wiki/Gene_pool" title="Gene pool">gene pool</a> and reduce <a href="/wiki/Immunity_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunity (medical)">resistance</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Status_ESA_LE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Status_ESA_LE.svg/240px-Status_ESA_LE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="64" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 64px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Status_ESA_LE.svg/240px-Status_ESA_LE.svg.png" data-width="240" data-height="64" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Status_ESA_LE.svg/360px-Status_ESA_LE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Status_ESA_LE.svg/480px-Status_ESA_LE.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>"Endangered" in relation to "threatened" under the ESA</figcaption></figure>In 1981, the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Zoos_and_Aquariums" title="Association of Zoos and Aquariums">Association of Zoos and Aquariums</a> (AZA) created a <a href="/wiki/Species_Survival_Plan" title="Species Survival Plan">Species Survival Plan</a> (SSP) to help preserve specific endangered and threatened species through captive breeding. With over 450 SSP Plans, some endangered species are covered by the AZA with plans to cover population management goals and recommendations for breeding for a diverse and healthy population, created by Taxon Advisory Groups. These programs are commonly created as a last resort effort. SSP Programs regularly participate in species recovery, veterinary care for wildlife disease outbreaks, and some other wildlife conservation efforts. The AZA's Species Survival Plan also has breeding and transfer programs, both within and outside of AZA – certified zoos and aquariums. Some animals that are part of SSP programs are <a href="/wiki/Giant_pandas" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant pandas">giant pandas</a>, lowland gorillas, and <a href="/wiki/California_condors" class="mw-redirect" title="California condors">California condors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_farming">Private farming</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Private farming" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostafrikanisches_Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ostafrikanisches_Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG/150px-Ostafrikanisches_Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2233" data-file-height="1666"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 112px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ostafrikanisches_Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG/150px-Ostafrikanisches_Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG" data-width="150" data-height="112" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ostafrikanisches_Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG/225px-Ostafrikanisches_Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ostafrikanisches_Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG/300px-Ostafrikanisches_Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Black rhino</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thmac_u0.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Thmac_u0.gif/150px-Thmac_u0.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Thmac_u0.gif/150px-Thmac_u0.gif" data-width="150" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Thmac_u0.gif/225px-Thmac_u0.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Thmac_u0.gif/300px-Thmac_u0.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Southern_bluefin_tuna" title="Southern bluefin tuna">Southern bluefin tuna</a></figcaption></figure> Whereas poaching substantially reduces endangered animal populations, legal, for-profit, private farming does the opposite. It has substantially increased the populations of the southern <a href="/wiki/Black_rhinoceros" title="Black rhinoceros">black rhinoceros</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/White_rhinoceros" title="White rhinoceros">white rhinoceros</a>. Richard Emslie, a scientific officer at the IUCN, said of such programs, "Effective law enforcement has become much easier now that the animals are largely privately owned... We have been able to bring local communities into conservation programs. There are increasingly strong economic incentives attached to looking after rhinos rather than simply poaching: from Eco-tourism or selling them on for a profit. So many owners are keeping them secure. The private sector has been key to helping our work."<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Conservation experts view the effect of China's <a href="/wiki/Turtle_farming" title="Turtle farming">turtle farming</a> on the wild turtle populations of China and <a href="/wiki/South-Eastern_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="South-Eastern Asia">South-Eastern Asia</a>– many of which are endangered– as "poorly understood".<a href="#cite_note-scale-46">[46]</a> Although they commend the gradual replacement of turtles caught wild with <a href="/wiki/Turtle_farming" title="Turtle farming">farm-raised turtles</a> in the marketplace– the percentage of farm-raised individuals in the "visible" trade grew from around 30% in 2000 to around 70% in 2007<a href="#cite_note-ff-47">[47]</a>– they worry that many wild animals are caught to provide farmers with breeding stock. The conservation expert Peter Paul van Dijk noted that turtle farmers often believe that animals caught wild are superior breeding stock. Turtle farmers may, therefore, seek and catch the last remaining wild specimens of some endangered turtle species.<a href="#cite_note-ff-47">[47]</a> In 2015, researchers in Australia managed to coax <a href="/wiki/Southern_bluefin_tuna" title="Southern bluefin tuna">southern bluefin tuna</a> to breed in landlocked tanks, raising the possibility that <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">fish farming</a> may be able to save the species from <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Success_stories">Success stories</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Success stories" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ol><li>Hawaiian Monk Seal Rehabilitation: The Hawaiian monk seal are one of the most endangered seal species in the world. Conservation initiatives have focused on mitigating human-seal conflicts, rehabilitating injured seals, and extensive monitoring to ensure their survival. These efforts have led to a gradual increase in their population.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li>Restoration of the <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">American Bald Eagle</a>: Once on the brink of extinction in the contiguous United States with only 417 known nesting pairs in 1963 due to pesticide use and habitat destruction, the Bald Eagle population has made a remarkable recovery. By 2020, the number of nesting pairs had surged to 71,400. Thanks to habitat protection, legal protection, and DDT ban efforts, leading to the bald eagle being removed from the list of threatened and endangered species.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li>The Gray Wolf Rebound: Starting in 1995 and 1996, 31 gray wolves from western Canada were relocated to Yellowstone, where they were temporarily kept in acclimation pens before being released into the wild. This careful reintroduction aimed to restore a key predator to the ecosystem, which had profound effects on the park's wildlife dynamics. After being nearly eradicated in the lower 48 states by the early 20th century, reintroduction and protective measures have allowed their populations to rebound significantly. By 2017, gray wolves were delisted in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, indicating a recovery to a point where they were no longer considered endangered in these areas.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li>Recovery of the Channel Island Fox: Beginning in 1999, the Channel Islands National Park launched an ambitious recovery program for the island fox, incorporating several key strategies: captive breeding and reintroduction, removal of predatory golden eagles, re-establishment of bald eagles, and eradication of non-native ungulates. The U.S. Department of the Interior officially recognized the recovery as the fastest for any Endangered Species Act-listed mammal in the U.S., announcing the delisting of three island fox subspecies in 2016. This recovery, from near extinction in the late 1990s to robust populations by the mid-2010s, underscores the power of partnership-driven conservation.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li></ol> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sea_otter_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Though endangered, the sea otter has a relatively large population."><noscript><img alt="Though endangered, the sea otter has a relatively large population." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sea_otter_cropped.jpg/155px-Sea_otter_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="555"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 155px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sea_otter_cropped.jpg/155px-Sea_otter_cropped.jpg" data-alt="Though endangered, the sea otter has a relatively large population." data-width="155" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sea_otter_cropped.jpg/232px-Sea_otter_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sea_otter_cropped.jpg/309px-Sea_otter_cropped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Though endangered, the <a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">sea otter</a> has a relatively large population.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bison_skull_pile_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1870s photo of American bison skulls. By 1890, overhunting had reduced the population to 750."><noscript><img alt="1870s photo of American bison skulls. By 1890, overhunting had reduced the population to 750." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bison_skull_pile_edit.jpg/154px-Bison_skull_pile_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5689" data-file-height="4448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 154px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bison_skull_pile_edit.jpg/154px-Bison_skull_pile_edit.jpg" data-alt="1870s photo of American bison skulls. By 1890, overhunting had reduced the population to 750." data-width="154" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bison_skull_pile_edit.jpg/230px-Bison_skull_pile_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bison_skull_pile_edit.jpg/307px-Bison_skull_pile_edit.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1870s photo of <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a> skulls. By 1890, overhunting had reduced the population to 750.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pediocactus_knowltonii_fh_27_5_COL_NM_border_in_cultur_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Knowlton cactus"><noscript><img alt="Knowlton cactus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pediocactus_knowltonii_fh_27_5_COL_NM_border_in_cultur_B.jpg/180px-Pediocactus_knowltonii_fh_27_5_COL_NM_border_in_cultur_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="535"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 119px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pediocactus_knowltonii_fh_27_5_COL_NM_border_in_cultur_B.jpg/180px-Pediocactus_knowltonii_fh_27_5_COL_NM_border_in_cultur_B.jpg" data-alt="Knowlton cactus" data-width="180" data-height="119" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pediocactus_knowltonii_fh_27_5_COL_NM_border_in_cultur_B.jpg/270px-Pediocactus_knowltonii_fh_27_5_COL_NM_border_in_cultur_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pediocactus_knowltonii_fh_27_5_COL_NM_border_in_cultur_B.jpg/360px-Pediocactus_knowltonii_fh_27_5_COL_NM_border_in_cultur_B.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pediocactus_knowltonii" title="Pediocactus knowltonii">Knowlton cactus</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Caretta_caretta01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Loggerhead sea turtle"><noscript><img alt="Loggerhead sea turtle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Caretta_caretta01.jpg/180px-Caretta_caretta01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="394"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Caretta_caretta01.jpg/180px-Caretta_caretta01.jpg" data-alt="Loggerhead sea turtle" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Caretta_caretta01.jpg/269px-Caretta_caretta01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Caretta_caretta01.jpg/359px-Caretta_caretta01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Loggerhead_sea_turtle" title="Loggerhead sea turtle">Loggerhead sea turtle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Arowana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asian arowana"><noscript><img alt="Asian arowana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Arowana.jpg/180px-Arowana.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1164"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Arowana.jpg/180px-Arowana.jpg" data-alt="Asian arowana" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Arowana.jpg/270px-Arowana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Arowana.jpg/360px-Arowana.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Asian_arowana" title="Asian arowana">Asian arowana</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hawksbill_Sea_Turtle_(Critically_Endangered_Species).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hawksbill sea turtle"><noscript><img alt="Hawksbill sea turtle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Hawksbill_Sea_Turtle_%28Critically_Endangered_Species%29.jpg/173px-Hawksbill_Sea_Turtle_%28Critically_Endangered_Species%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="187"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 173px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Hawksbill_Sea_Turtle_%28Critically_Endangered_Species%29.jpg/173px-Hawksbill_Sea_Turtle_%28Critically_Endangered_Species%29.jpg" data-alt="Hawksbill sea turtle" data-width="173" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Hawksbill_Sea_Turtle_%28Critically_Endangered_Species%29.jpg/259px-Hawksbill_Sea_Turtle_%28Critically_Endangered_Species%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Hawksbill_Sea_Turtle_%28Critically_Endangered_Species%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">Hawksbill sea turtle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pelochelys_cantorii.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cantor's giant softshell turtle"><noscript><img alt="Cantor's giant softshell turtle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pelochelys_cantorii.jpg/120px-Pelochelys_cantorii.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="540"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pelochelys_cantorii.jpg/120px-Pelochelys_cantorii.jpg" data-alt="Cantor's giant softshell turtle" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pelochelys_cantorii.jpg/180px-Pelochelys_cantorii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pelochelys_cantorii.jpg/240px-Pelochelys_cantorii.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cantor%27s_giant_softshell_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantor's giant softshell turtle">Cantor's giant softshell turtle</a></div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Biological_Diversity" title="Center for Biological Diversity">Center for Biological Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_cloning" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation cloning">Conservation cloning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critically_Endangered" title="Critically Endangered">Critically Endangered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_situ_conservation" title="Ex situ conservation">Ex situ conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genome_sequencing_of_endangered_species" title="Genome sequencing of endangered species">Genome sequencing of endangered species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">Habitat fragmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Rhino_Foundation" title="International Rhino Foundation">International Rhino Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">Overexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_species" title="Rare species">Rare species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Data_Book_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Red Data Book of the Russian Federation">Red Data Book of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threatened_species" title="Threatened species">Threatened species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a> (WWF)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IUCN_Red_List_2">IUCN Red List</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: IUCN Red List" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chromista_by_conservation_status" title="List of Chromista by conservation status">List of Chromista by conservation status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_amphibians" title="List of endangered amphibians">List of endangered amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_arthropods" title="List of endangered arthropods">List of endangered arthropods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_birds" title="List of endangered birds">List of endangered birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_fishes" title="List of endangered fishes">List of endangered fishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_insects" title="List of endangered insects">List of endangered insects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_invertebrates" title="List of endangered invertebrates">List of endangered invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_mammals" title="List of endangered mammals">List of endangered mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_molluscs" title="List of endangered molluscs">List of endangered molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_plants" title="List of endangered plants">List of endangered plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_reptiles" title="List of endangered reptiles">List of endangered reptiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fungi_by_conservation_status" title="List of fungi by conservation status">List of fungi by conservation status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_IUCN_Red_List_endangered_species" title="Lists of IUCN Red List endangered species">Lists of IUCN Red List endangered species</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/why-do-animals-and-plants-become-endangered">"Why do animals and plants become endangered? | U.S. Geological Survey"</a>. www.usgs.gov. 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Retrieved 11 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Island+Fox+-+Channel+Islands+National+Park+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fchis%2Flearn%2Fnature%2Fisland-fox.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndangered+species" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Glenn, C. R. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://earthsendangered.com">"Earth's Endangered Creatures"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190915063352/http://earthsendangered.com/">Archived</a> 2019-09-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Ishwaran, N., & Erdelen, W. (2005, May). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jstor.org/stable/3868449">Biodiversity Futures</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151107005312/http://jstor.org/stable/3868449">Archived</a> 2015-11-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 3(4), 179.</li> <li>Kotiaho, J. S., Kaitala, V., Komonen, A., Päivinen, J. P., & Ehrlich, P. R. (2005, February 8). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3374545">Predicting the Risk of Extinction from Shared Ecological Characteristics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913184903/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3374545">Archived</a> 2018-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(6), 1963–1967.</li> <li>Minteer, B. A., & Collins, J. P. (2005, August). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3868567">Why we need an "Ecological Ethics"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913184916/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3868567">Archived</a> 2018-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 3(6), 332–337.</li> <li>Raloff, J. (2006, August 5). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4017054">Preserving Paradise</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913190621/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4017054">Archived</a> 2018-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_News" title="Science News">Science News</a>, 170(6), 92.</li> <li>Wilcove, D. S., & Master L. L. (2008, October). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3868674">How Many Endangered Species are there in the United States?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913223300/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3868674">Archived</a> 2018-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 3(8), 414–420.</li> <li>Freedman, Bill. "endangered species." Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale Group, 2008. Discovering Collection. Gale.</li> <li>Chiras, Daniel D. "Invader Species." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, 2011.</li> <li>"endangered Species." Current Issues: Macmillan Social Science Library. Detroit: Gale, 2010.</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?redListCategory=en">List of species with the category Endangered</a> as identified by the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List_of_Threatened_Species" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Species">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080820164159/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/us/species.htm">Endangered Species</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713215604/http://www.eswr.com/">Endangered Species & Wetlands Report</a> Independent print and online newsletter covering the ESA, wetlands and regulatory takings.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041108000216/http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/TESSBoxscore">USFWS numerical summary of listed species in US and elsewhere</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50788571">Extinction: A million species at risk, so what is saved?</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. December 28, 2019.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/aug/04/generally-ignored-species-face-twice-the-extinction-threat-warns-study-aoe">'Generally ignored' species face twice the extinction threat, warns study</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. August 4, 2022</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&oldid=1259132166">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&oldid=1259132166</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 15:12 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedreigde_spesie" title="Bedreigde spesie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bedreigde spesie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gef%C3%A4hrdete_Arten" title="Gefährdete Arten – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gefährdete Arten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="أنواع مهددة بالانقراض – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنواع مهددة بالانقراض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie_en_periglo_d%27extinci%C3%B3n" title="Especie en periglo d'extinción – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Especie en periglo d'extinción" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="বিপন্ন প্ৰজাতি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিপন্ন প্ৰজাতি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie_en_peligru_d%27estinci%C3%B3n" title="Especie en peligru d'estinción – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Especie en peligru d'estinción" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oik%C3%A9va_tesapar%C3%A1pe" title="Oikéva tesaparápe – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Oikéva tesaparápe" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%99sli_k%C9%99silm%C9%99kd%C9%99_olan_n%C3%B6vl%C9%99r" title="Nəsli kəsilməkdə olan növlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nəsli kəsilməkdə olan növlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A4%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%B1" title="نسلی کسیلمکده اولان نؤوعلر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نسلی کسیلمکده اولان نؤوعلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="বিপন্ন প্রজাতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিপন্ন প্রজাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pin-g%C3%BBi_bu%CC%8Dt-ch%C3%A9ng" title="Pin-gûi bu̍t-chéng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pin-gûi bu̍t-chéng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D2%A1%D2%A1%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80" title="Юҡҡа сығып барыусы төрҙәр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Юҡҡа сығып барыусы төрҙәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Віды пад пагрозай вымірання – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Віды пад пагрозай вымірання" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Віды пад пагрозай выміраньня – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Віды пад пагрозай выміраньня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Застрашен вид – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Застрашен вид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugro%C5%BEena_vrsta" title="Ugrožena vrsta – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ugrožena vrsta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cie_en_perill" title="Espècie en perill – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espècie en perill" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhywogaeth_mewn_perygl" title="Rhywogaeth mewn perygl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhywogaeth mewn perygl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truet_art" title="Truet art – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Truet art" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stark_gef%C3%A4hrdete_Arten" title="Stark gefährdete Arten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stark gefährdete Arten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohustatud_liik" title="Ohustatud liik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ohustatud liik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7_%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C" title="Είδη που κινδυνεύουν με αφανισμό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Είδη που κινδυνεύουν με αφανισμό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie_en_peligro_de_extinci%C3%B3n" title="Especie en peligro de extinción – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Especie en peligro de extinción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minacata_specio" title="Minacata specio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Minacata specio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galzoriko_espezie" title="Galzoriko espezie – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Galzoriko espezie" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="گونه در خطر انقراض – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گونه در خطر انقراض" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Endangered species" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce_en_danger" title="Espèce en danger – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espèce en danger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speiceas_i_mbaol" title="Speiceas i mbaol – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Speiceas i mbaol" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especies_ameazadas" title="Especies ameazadas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Especies ameazadas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Ейна дӀайоалаш латта кепаш – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ейна дӀайоалаш латта кепаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF" title="વન્યજગતમાં વિલુપ્ત જાતિ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વન્યજગતમાં વિલુપ્ત જાતિ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%AEn-ng%C3%B9i_vu%CC%8Dt-ch%C3%BAng" title="Phîn-ngùi vu̍t-chúng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phîn-ngùi vu̍t-chúng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%B8%EC%A2%85%EC%9C%84%EA%B8%B0%EC%A2%85" title="멸종위기종 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="멸종위기종" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokar_Nau%27in_Halittu" title="Dokar Nau'in Halittu – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dokar Nau'in Halittu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE_%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վտանգված տեսակներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վտանգված տեսակներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="विलुप्तप्राय जाति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलुप्तप्राय जाति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugro%C5%BEena_vrsta" title="Ugrožena vrsta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ugrožena vrsta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%A4d%E1%BB%8B_nd%E1%BB%8B_n%E1%BB%8D_n%27ihe_ize_nd%E1%BB%A5" title="Ụdị ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ụdị ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naisagmak_a_sebbangan" title="Naisagmak a sebbangan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Naisagmak a sebbangan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies_genting" title="Spesies genting – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spesies genting" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie_in_periculo" title="Specie in periculo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Specie in periculo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegund_%C3%AD_%C3%BAtr%C3%BDmingarh%C3%A6ttu" title="Tegund í útrýmingarhættu – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tegund í útrýmingarhættu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie_in_pericolo" title="Specie in pericolo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Specie in pericolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%97%D7%93%D7%94" title="מינים בסכנת הכחדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מינים בסכנת הכחדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies_jroning_bebaya_cures" title="Spesies jroning bebaya cures – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Spesies jroning bebaya cures" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಪತ್ತಿನಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಜೀವಜಾತಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಪತ್ತಿನಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಜೀವಜಾತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="საფრთხეში მყოფი სახეობები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრთხეში მყოფი სახეობები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%96_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жойылып кету қаупі төнген жануарлар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жойылып кету қаупі төнген жануарлар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eghen_beryllys" title="Eghen beryllys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eghen beryllys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spishi_adimu" title="Spishi adimu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Spishi adimu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8s_ki_reprezante_menas" title="Espès ki reprezante menas – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Espès ki reprezante menas" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curey%C3%AAn_bi_xetereya_nemab%C3%BBn%C3%AA" title="Cureyên bi xetereya nemabûnê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Cureyên bi xetereya nemabûnê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%87%D1%83_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сейрек жана жоголуу коркунучу алдындагы айбанаттар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сейрек жана жоголуу коркунучу алдындагы айбанаттар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_in_discrimen_adducta" title="Species in discrimen adducta – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Species in discrimen adducta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izmirsto%C5%A1as_sugas" title="Izmirstošas sugas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Izmirstošas sugas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nykstanti_r%C5%AB%C5%A1is" title="Nykstanti rūšis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nykstanti rūšis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesz%C3%A9lyeztetett_faj" title="Veszélyeztetett faj – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Veszélyeztetett faj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="വംശനാശ ഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ജീവികൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വംശനാശ ഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്ന ജീവികൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="चिंताजनक प्रजाती – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चिंताजनक प्रजाती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="أنواع مهددة بالانقراض – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="أنواع مهددة بالانقراض" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies_terancam" title="Spesies terancam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Spesies terancam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Ховордсон зүйл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ховордсон зүйл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="မျိုးသုဉ်းရန်အန္တရာယ်ရှိသော မျိုးစိတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျိုးသုဉ်းရန်အန္တရာယ်ရှိသော မျိုးစိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedreigde_soort" title="Bedreigde soort – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bedreigde soort" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="लोपोन्मुख प्रजातिहरू – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लोपोन्मुख प्रजातिहरू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B6%E6%BB%85%E5%8D%B1%E6%83%A7%E7%A8%AE" title="絶滅危惧種 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="絶滅危惧種" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D1%83_%D0%B4%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="ХӀу дӀадолуш йолу тайпанаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀу дӀадолуш йолу тайпанаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truet_dyreart" title="Truet dyreart – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Truet dyreart" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truga_artar" title="Truga artar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Truga artar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_mena%C3%A7ada" title="Espècia menaçada – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Espècia menaçada" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82" title="ਲੋਪ ਹੋ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀਆਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੋਪ ਹੋ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀਆਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="مکدیاں نسلاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکدیاں نسلاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrohte_Aard" title="Bedrohte Aard – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bedrohte Aard" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatunek_zagro%C5%BCony" title="Gatunek zagrożony – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gatunek zagrożony" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9cie_em_perigo" title="Espécie em perigo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espécie em perigo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie_pe_cale_de_dispari%C8%9Bie" title="Specie pe cale de dispariție – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Specie pe cale de dispariție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Вымирающие виды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вымирающие виды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llojet_e_rrezikuara" title="Llojet e rrezikuara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Llojet e rrezikuara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B3_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82" title="වඳ වී යාමේ ඉහල අවධානමක් ඇති විශේෂ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වඳ වී යාමේ ඉහල අවධානමක් ඇති විශේෂ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Endangered species" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrozen%C3%BD" title="Ohrozený – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ohrozený" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogro%C5%BEena_vrsta" title="Ogrožena vrsta – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogrožena vrsta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%95_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جۆرە مەترسیلەسەرەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆرە مەترسیلەسەرەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Угрожена врста – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Угрожена врста" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugro%C5%BEena_vrsta" title="Ugrožena vrsta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ugrožena vrsta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritt%C3%A4in_uhanalainen_laji" title="Erittäin uhanalainen laji – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Erittäin uhanalainen laji" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starkt_hotad" title="Starkt hotad – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Starkt hotad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espesyeng_nanganganib" title="Espesyeng nanganganib – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Espesyeng nanganganib" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அருகிய இனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அருகிய இனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Юкка чыгып баручы төрләр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Юкка чыгып баручы төрләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%87_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="అంతరించే జాతులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అంతరించే జాతులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C" title="ชนิดใกล้สูญพันธุ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชนิดใกล้สูญพันธุ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гунаи дар маърази хатар – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гунаи дар маърази хатар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehlikedeki_t%C3%BCr" title="Tehlikedeki tür – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tehlikedeki tür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ditip_bar%C3%BDan_g%C3%B6rn%C3%BC%C5%9Fler" title="Ýitip barýan görnüşler – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýitip barýan görnüşler" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Види під загрозою вимирання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Види під загрозою вимирання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="خطرہ زدہ انواع – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خطرہ زدہ انواع" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%A0i_nguy_c%E1%BA%A5p" title="Loài nguy cấp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Loài nguy cấp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangangarat-an_nga_species" title="Nangangarat-an nga species – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nangangarat-an nga species" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="濒危物种 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="濒危物种" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%94" title="זגאלן אין סכנה – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זגאלן אין סכנה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%80%95%E8%87%A8%E7%B5%95%E7%A8%AE" title="瀕臨絕種 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瀕臨絕種" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABkstont%C4%97s_r%C5%AB%C5%A1%C4%ABs" title="Nīkstontės rūšīs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Nīkstontės rūšīs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="瀕危物種 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瀕危物種" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 15:12 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise 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