CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135451b1d7ffdfe',cH: 'wCQxb0c8GYxgmmvqpoBoCbvSYBQ53zE5zXLcMI2TXV8-1739789987-1.2.1.1-e9Fgp6WbOMcpgHGCQjXJNsmDKcwbjM90tGo6pQFM9UqaJ5afBWEKZDc0Zt63R.I_',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=torsional%20capacity&__cf_chl_tk=__Zxbj_0ilg3Sq8daXL11iKkhHQBBMRtD871tWUHiA8-1739789987-1.0.1.1-s_Tw4d4INcWFSfLv9PCFb_HaSrGbyWneV._MpdjJl1U",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789987',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=torsional%20capacity&__cf_chl_f_tk=__Zxbj_0ilg3Sq8daXL11iKkhHQBBMRtD871tWUHiA8-1739789987-1.0.1.1-s_Tw4d4INcWFSfLv9PCFb_HaSrGbyWneV._MpdjJl1U",md: "SJQu7F7tVR4tmGWxGGyEftRY4e0kONoCD8FPI2b.scM-1739789987-1.2.1.1-C9ElGGV5zmYwNTB6AjjJsIbdTuHMzHQY.VXuKgYK8ibPSYf0grKdmeCSsT0KLHq6fNw1VHr3cAWB0aECRl4IsZ07WwdtIVhdA1QzNT5fK7AOQaL3_7uFkuWGnAfQqIGUGWyeTNR7qAcKy7IdWD2KKzYfKMR8esK8b5h6vIKbXbjnmQ9YeQLf5UsCYAts7f9dqhX.vj0h_wr4l9HxEq68PfOi5h9GG0s481BaubIroOLPt1cFbeZkprcyrklUm554YFHfyZ8KleRhgRF472qdSEywq8GY2Xi6LORJRimMS5K6pIzhOIUjOhit9QNgkeAfhItEsX58p1zsZn1W2EIMm.I9BddEnItnRcDS6VapC1dSUMaGkccsSS70qQaUyIieU0SVvSiPdqzdkWgrpIgl4EdTaPK3Dzneq_sYa0Osi9JiB4KjIqZSRisAheHAe3uYvWRJf8eDNLpDuqhOZ1__S8m9tqrqjx_Q.kYDeP8HjVr4u5cayvY4FNoiroGDmD1v1nPY54KIi.p8C5XWktozelWFX7yYEZFPT_7.tUBoq47WXK.zQ.ajY16DZZgN5SC7DMeIJ1rISh4z4mURTIEw4jZoXmvrRUK__jOXRQO6TPLFx6XTVpm1hBNHDcXGBuSSHrAPuRhKwdh5K.MdtGULbRv9DklrxluVBZ1ZbKrx3ZWpH9fMzjnT_kD7knWqtpBwuTZGiosyqVk_qfJ1gQBD2Olxtj6FZKzuHpKCpXp63mD6t3y936BUlS0ZlSRwLsZ29g8CHbvg0n5gs5e69TkLkMn0ljDEn3Yw8vXpn9q7A6FyzhJXrbdytRbPKIVKZceB_VbQgKIhP3n6L0ztOU4fg2V3GM0m_j8.r3M8peWUQjCK73VIrfQ3L4VIqs4SQ.NvEB5PIYZ5_KNgp5Wwbw__cFGIIlCSR8BTcwzo99V0J235WVgojwdEwPsM2vmsoEVPN5.e.EESmhuMHx3bZXVlvb3sk5ZrqsHWM6iTlDhfwaUXVr3o6fLxIgrm8a0lI4QONuzs7C2rRrFs9aPoQw_GfO.jk.GMs1bd9HZ7xv3.nCixof76IKp56ARSMG.Ed4ysodLChO1IoH9tXF9duMMhWuP_EinHCIER4R7NQ4NOyC9M_autEGHC5h.KbNie4sCjy8NJ8xrLLw.8fQ9bRj3AfI.Gpto72KIXEuDYcVgqO5qVyjKcCtA.wNj1ny9Xk0qwraIsOf79.oIuwOqRssLsEorSZZmJCD_r_rTZQ_wY5mL9yXn0kOAveGjugM1Iv9hBnDk3iOGazqELd265slFUXYl.RJ83my4ZGt5sfA0lYe9QhbV1szvOHthML_iSxOlUaxykcievBsMYWuRHF7vf_kwAzHZKUQ4454kgpSPRVALM062SIjn6ZMCMf14.i3QxuAy1_DPdZAyOYYbDlJYwYQs15vIK05uzLa69N.9JVoBaITvBKk5OWGFLf49toNuh04F2w_qFWMNwNTTkvC5Ba1u7E9c2OY3KMyh74yt3sD7EtQXzEBsm3xXbZRhafv5FoV7T2fHcew5y_PZ.5oPT05Ep9UoF9RgEjtxEPrQtxgVSVTPvfCWhXrfJFt3KoPVRuPvK1.dZaVgK32dL1ljQNKu1S7dFgxkNzOZHPK1jba4H7WNTSrkouzbKBAxGl0q_HTGlWrLn0RKGiEa8zJBIyoX1TZLLsKCh2noVROfNvEinJS.K2773eJYsU7qllMn9g3Gs7evdz6JNWeUnzBqqAANXvn3qCH_hT5bYEAm8EhQolSD7ksTzo4WGnC13vRp8H2rFkqtAJgOQO0CO5pDrvteL_Asw3aSSlm226T3Eg9C_mPxLP6jB9cbPzv_lERMn_i.JJOKOB1xFIPpl3ZzrzV52FhRXfUr7qdmAeQRB6fmzp4_5l5vSv2GLkaqGSqiYO.yBWeXX1QiIETeTVTY6Fk1p0QuZh4TW339HdQ1oOko",mdrd: "F2YI0dna6iaV5s1FKiA.v5pPgf5uCn0dzN41UJOkaao-1739789987-1.2.1.1-Yw0lOI26iV5LZZ3CX79CPv6EhhY9pBnTD_BCNfbTwsqa.qZ9pV3sVJFoqsvj3kzP4fMGUMiH5bhKqfnD_oeqrNFIIeF9Fwy9AmO5ccRKfEs34vLBdK_NXm_mMNP8TB9igmokQ4Xu9jLOY3SK0WeldU1reCWRN0mv_c4EQBUzZGFDoEBULYkzF1ry.9gjMz4_9PbQq5RD39ijcW1HsaVJ6BpU8Pg0Rf.1f8kgULMq2VeK3sfJATLhjJgB06X4pOZdg42.uJJqh7B5ZJFCqa0uKBlWr4xYltXj3rMh7JZ0JIrD6HN203l3J441xEKXSn4c8CkPqam0S05iogJiZIoXHpoCxqOj2Y9bnj7Ll6HCnZSF71N.1SZDcYGKSPNdOU4uDB0j5SplTcYMQnDy04mJ8E06C6f4yMakapQvp.xBgvFH_6Kw3HMuITqXUeuQpLOJYXKmQFMvOuFmIevY10rW1QFpjHg.N3dmng8.9bU47afld59Qd4HuXS72vokNY0qsZRoDBDc5IharRJpoQat8eQjcfmt9PG5IrSUQas74FS4K5T_c.Do_2tD0D1LB9swKLWBmoDjnv2KK.LsywnHQ_ZExwOuHQjgefCZTRses2YgZvxENznNVXCaVaaPnYwbLEddP4PM7Ietvit31wRUI1liaBLGgPJXjAHjKbekQ8qWInDvolA9KfhPkAVk4GH2mtpc.rEitAoSUismKS9FQoo1SwE.vWWCEWdnYAcIdcMJOifJddJ6h4nCVUo.c6Jk6AzEG7G3u4fWBJ.fas.5f.8xs11G69LvsIyICADjoBKTAdipZqi7fgq6yxAwOhoz.p1v5FEXK2MJTdQ2u_Gg8CRpVzo9tOmCvJw_XkHByKTSSdZKwTxzp913qaK2cZnkew54Z86fkfoIOL7u6c9AIve.sQ1iz9CgE6V62bCLzEl_b3eLDmXJEEXsatPjdnX58YBSfi64yWlJ5BgrryfJXOdPIshHEdl2I1ruwYtfxn0jbl75NtVp70Dlw3y3OWtm35rKK2HwORa05Q9_rOvFXc8xeHSHHGJx0duZQAcNnt8jE7iqpLZMJAXjOM.nLhQXjVV5t4xh3NJczvt1qkmHVLsMnIw24LGmSdW5lUo85RJjkMBuNX2J.zNBAEnEIVOzGItsTmEIn4lRUA_dTNhsxC5BVbpdxyZRSyfIrGiBokYs0jb_9083_Vg5wMg7ekPb7cAAXNSPEigE8IBdMaWUYMTfm8IkWJuJ._EPR1rpBsPPuOvjL5iWqfWAP4vJn5crIRegPAGsRghri_lPCE2K0P5g8.9LPT5YZLhJZlRtn8KdUk5kWoFEDr12SpyZdyS_At20lOYv_voXPwkj9gmEgCaowlmW8eVydJkKpebNBmh8uV8oTzIjubddqiQ90bBJvtjIY5P6DKsJ4.Xc4UInjC99NdBDp_trZ2iQiboMsqraHyYTlU3gKBneEc_Csrr5t84CqCX26NwXhUv_Wcb0LjqajDK_0aWH1n_34Es5itJKV1WRS8ntmVLf_6Av5nk43pKGQPfqMSsW7CHcAhLsc7LN1EUf2K4ngWUweFhsDgJ843qZ458FZtN3Nmx7tHdmkkmnmVEwYo2M8w4aohiFGingA3FPFDmqoGv.TmwcnD4kLpUff3FSaY_ea1Y09jzW9o34JxjZL11F8GDJFgTiSTW2ZIFCOf8gKi9WLsFaYu5CvNdX1gFCYDQiPnAekVanRf4lVqJVgEdRjl5QBZXMBiM0uFHdotn5_EjQo7F3drEHRDhD0uAnfySyR2KbYOnw6W1jbq6Ms7vd6V5GAq8uKHzGQyKZvacvEpe1JEhz.xpe57egmjO3zIn73L5zhfIC4F8XLgYCWy6JFUEGgik5V12LdSLKg660_SucDoMzfn8Bw6jSvGnJGoZvNcTNutxKsHSW7ZEQ3ZOee9JVruoFNx_VdFSmLKxi3x4i_NJMthLfspl9hELDjn5Yux80Tm.us"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135451b1d7ffdfe';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=torsional%20capacity&__cf_chl_rt_tk=__Zxbj_0ilg3Sq8daXL11iKkhHQBBMRtD871tWUHiA8-1739789987-1.0.1.1-s_Tw4d4INcWFSfLv9PCFb_HaSrGbyWneV._MpdjJl1U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>