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1);}}.ssrcss-l2czsv-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-l2czsv-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-l2czsv-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-l2czsv-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-l2czsv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-l2czsv-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-l2czsv-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-l2czsv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-l2czsv-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 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1);}}.ssrcss-b8amu3-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-b8amu3-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#002856;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-b8amu3-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-b8amu3-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-b8amu3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-b8amu3-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-b8amu3-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-b8amu3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-b8amu3-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-k5txck-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-k5txck-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#149EDC;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-k5txck-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-k5txck-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-k5txck-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-k5txck-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-k5txck-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-k5txck-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-k5txck-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1jhw53r-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1jhw53r-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FA6400;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1jhw53r-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1jhw53r-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1jhw53r-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1jhw53r-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1jhw53r-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1jhw53r-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1jhw53r-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1ck6yub-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;min-width:1.25rem;margin-top:-0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1ck6yub-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:hover .eki2hvo15::after,.ssrcss-1ck6yub-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:focus .eki2hvo15::after,.ssrcss-1ck6yub-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo15::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1ck6yub-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{text-align:center;min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1ck6yub-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1ck6yub-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1ck6yub-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{margin-top:0;}}.ssrcss-14kc44w-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-14kc44w-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-14kc44w-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-14kc44w-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-14kc44w-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-14kc44w-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-14kc44w-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-14kc44w-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-14kc44w-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-14kc44w-NavItemHoverState{width:2rem;}}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.25rem;height:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper>svg{vertical-align:0.1875rem;}}.ssrcss-1naw1ix-LastGlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;padding-left:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1naw1ix-LastGlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-17eairw-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-17eairw-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-17eairw-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-17eairw-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-17eairw-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-17eairw-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-17eairw-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-17eairw-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-17eairw-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;width:1.5rem;height:1.375rem;vertical-align:-0.5em;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:none;min-width:1.25rem;text-align:center;margin-top:-0.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover .eki2hvo15::after,.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus .eki2hvo15::after,.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo15::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink{text-align:center;min-width:1.5rem;}}.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus,.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:3rem;width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink{background:#F6F6F6;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:1rem;padding:0.75rem 0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;min-width:11.25rem;outline:0.0625rem solid transparent;}.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{display:none;}.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink:active,.ssrcss-sie4c8-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus{background:#E6E8EA;color:#000000;}}.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.625rem;height:1.625rem;vertical-align:middle;width:1.75rem;height:1.8125rem;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1.375rem;height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:-0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-qefkng-SearchText{padding-left:0.5rem;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-qefkng-SearchText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer{overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);transition-delay:0s,0s,0.4s;transition-duration:0.4s,0.4s,0s;transition-property:max-height,height,display;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-duration:0.2s,0.2s,0s;}}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu{height:0;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{visibility:visible;display:block;height:auto;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:28rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:8.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}.ssrcss-1obp207-MenuWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList:focus{outline:none;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto;}}@supports (display: grid){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{display:grid;grid-gap:0 0.5rem;gap:0 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(7.5rem, 1fr));}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{min-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(1){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(2){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(3){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(4){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(5){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(6){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 40.875rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(7){display:none;}}.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{height:1.75rem;margin:0.25rem 0;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{height:3.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{padding-right:1.25rem;}}.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem:focus>*::after,.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#482878;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#002856;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#149EDC;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FA6400;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1ejv6c9-CloseButtonWrapper{margin-top:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;padding:calc(0.5rem - 2px) calc(0.75rem - 2px);border:2px solid transparent;min-height:2.75rem!important;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;line-height:1.375!important;-webkit-transition:0.2s;transition:0.2s;background:transparent;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.222222222222222;}}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus-visible{outline:none;box-shadow:none;}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:2px solid transparent;-webkit-transition:border-bottom 0.2s;transition:border-bottom 0.2s;}@supports (text-underline-offset: 0.25em){.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline transparent;text-decoration:underline transparent;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.3125em;-webkit-transition:text-decoration 0.2s;transition:text-decoration 0.2s;}}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:hover,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:active{cursor:pointer;background:#0051AD;color:#FFFFFF;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #0051AD;}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:hover .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:active .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:2px solid currentcolor;}@supports (text-underline-offset: 0.25em){.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:hover .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:active .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline currentcolor;text-decoration:underline currentcolor;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.3125em;}}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid #000000;outline-offset:0.125rem;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #0051AD,0 0 0 calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem) #FFFFFF;outline-offset:calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem);}.ssrcss-1hfawy1-IconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.125rem;height:1.125rem;min-width:1.25rem;vertical-align:middle;}.ssrcss-12njlvq-ProductNavigationContainer{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;position:relative;}.ssrcss-nt5ozj-Masthead{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.1666666666666667;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;background:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-nt5ozj-Masthead{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.125;}}.ssrcss-12x0ma7-ContentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-kpltdl-LogoWrapper{margin:0.25rem 0;}.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:auto;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none),(-ms-high-contrast: active){.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{width:100%;}}.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{display:block;padding:calc(0.75rem - 0.25rem) 0;height:1.625rem;fill:currentcolor;max-width:10rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(0.875rem - 0.25rem) 0;height:1.75rem;max-width:15.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(1rem - 0.25rem) 0;max-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-as2ggt-Navigation{border-top:0.0625rem solid #DB7F7F;}}html.no-js .ssrcss-wlpshj-MainNavBarContainer{border-bottom:0.25rem solid #B80000;}.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#FFFFFF;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -1rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer .e14xdrat1 .eis6szr3:not(:last-of-type) .eis6szr2 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.exn3ah911{display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.5rem!important;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent{padding:0.75rem!important;}}.ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent >*{-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;}.ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent >*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden)~*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden){margin-top:1rem;}.ssrcss-ykosa2-OnwardJourneysContainerWrapper{box-sizing:border-box;}@media (min-width: 0rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.ssrcss-ykosa2-OnwardJourneysContainerWrapper{margin-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 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62.9375rem){.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper{margin-top:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper{margin-top:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper{margin-top:1rem;}}.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper >ul,.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper ol{display:grid;-webkit-column-gap:1rem;column-gap:1rem;}@media (min-width: 0rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper >ul,.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper ol{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper >ul,.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper ol{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 56.1875rem){.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper >ul,.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper ol{grid-template-columns:repeat(3, 1fr);false padding-bottom:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper 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class="ssrcss-61mhsj-MetadataText e4wm5bw1"><time data-testid="timestamp" dateTime="2012-06-23T10:51:22.000Z"><span data-testid="time-and-date:clock" class="ssrcss-1mh4yp1-IconContainer e4wm5bw0"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M16 31c8.5 0 15-6.5 15-15S24.5 1 16 1 1 7.5 1 16s6.5 15 15 15m0-2.7C9 28.3 3.7 23 3.7 16S9 3.7 16 3.7 28.3 9 28.3 16 23 28.3 16 28.3m6.2-6.7 1-1.5-5.7-4.5-.6-8.6H15l-.7 10.5z"></path></svg></span>23 June 2012</time></span></span></div></li></div></ul></div><div class="ssrcss-oak0za"><div data-testid="information-panel" class="ssrcss-5tewi8-StyledInformationPanel eu74mg85"><div><div data-testid="information-panel-button"><button width="content-length" type="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="ssrcss-44a2yh-Button eoocusk1"><span data-testid="actions:share" class="ssrcss-1a1fy59-IconWrapper eoocusk0"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" 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volcano" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/464/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140897_ternatevolcano_worrall.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140897_ternatevolcano_worrall.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140897_ternatevolcano_worrall.jpg 320w" width="464" height="261" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>PETER VAN EIJK</span></div></figure></div><div data-component="byline-block" class="ssrcss-1hbb5i-BylineComponentWrapper e8mq1e90"><div class="ssrcss-qt5zqv-BylineWrapper e19uhciu17"><div class="ssrcss-h3c0s8-ContributorContainer e19uhciu16"><div class="ssrcss-1u2in0b-Container-ContributorDetails e19uhciu13"><div class="ssrcss-68pt20-Text-TextContributorName e19uhciu6">By Simon Worrall</div><div class="ssrcss-84ltp5-Text e19uhciu10">Ternate, Indonesia</div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-jlwt2c-Divider e19uhciu15"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">Indonesia&#x27;s &quot;Spice Islands&quot; produced more nutmeg, mace, pepper and cloves than anywhere else in the world and on the island of Ternate, one particular tree has an extraordinary history. </b></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">&quot;Bule, Bule,&quot; shout the children excitedly, as our jeep threads its way up a steep road on the side of the volcano. &quot;White man, White man.&quot; </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">I am on Ternate, one of Indonesia&#x27;s fabled Spice Islands. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The midday call to prayer mingles with the mosquito-whine of motorcycles. Above us, smoke seeps from the side of Gamalama, the pyramid-shaped volcano that dominates the island. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">It had erupted only a month earlier, sending a tongue of molten lava pouring down the mountain into the sea. This part of the world is not called &quot;The Ring of Fire&quot; for nothing. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">I am searching for the world&#x27;s oldest clove tree. Why it is called Afo, no one knows. Neither is it exactly certain when Afo was planted. But estimates suggest it is between 350 and 400 years old. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">For millennia, Ternate and the neighbouring island of Tidore were the world&#x27;s only source of those fragrant, twig-like herbs that love to hide at the back of our kitchen cupboards. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Cloves from Ternate were traded by Arab seafarers along the maritime Silk Route as far afield as the Middle East, Europe and China. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">A Han dynasty ruler from the 3rd Century BC insisted that anyone addressing him chew cloves to sweeten their breath. Their origin was a fiercely-guarded secret until the Portuguese and Spanish burst into the Java Sea in the 16th Century. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Our hip, young Indonesian driver is clearly baffled as to why anyone should want to see an old tree. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">And he clearly has no idea where Afo is. At a roadside stall selling everything from basketballs to fruit, we stop to ask directions. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The stallholder points back down the hill. With great difficulty, and reeking brake pads, we turn round and drive back down the volcano. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">After a few hundred yards, we spot a signboard pointing to some steps cut into the hillside. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The path winds upwards through groves of clove trees and bamboo. </p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-5zsoxt-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140900_swatafo_worrall.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140900_swatafo_worrall.jpg.webp 320w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Simon Worrall stands next to Afo - the world&#x27;s oldest clove tree" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/464/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140900_swatafo_worrall.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140900_swatafo_worrall.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140900_swatafo_worrall.jpg 320w" width="464" height="261" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>PETER VAN EIJK</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Afo survived the destruction of clove trees in the 1700s</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">We are at nearly 1,800m (6,000ft) above sea level. Below us, through the foliage, I can just make out the sea and, beyond it, the island of Tidore. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Huffing and puffing up one last flight of steps I find myself under a tree that was probably here when Shakespeare was alive. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Afo was once 40 metres tall and four metres round. Sadly, today, all that remains is a massive stump and some bare branches. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">A few years ago, villagers hungry for firewood even attacked Afo with machetes. A brick wall now surrounds it. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">If the Dutch had had their way, Afo would not have survived at all. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The Netherlands United East India Company, or Voc, was the world&#x27;s first multinational corporation. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">And just as corporations today seek to monopolise plant genes in the developing world, the Voc set about seizing total control of spice production. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In 1652, after displacing the Portuguese and Spanish, the Dutch introduced a policy known as extirpatie: extirpation. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">All clove trees not controlled by the Voc were uprooted and burned. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Anyone caught growing, stealing or possessing clove plants without authorisation faced the death penalty. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">On the Banda Islands, to the south - the world&#x27;s only source of nutmeg - the Dutch used Japanese mercenaries to slaughter almost the entire male population. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Like Opec today, the Voc also limited supply to keep prices high. Only 800-1,000 tonnes of cloves were exported per year. The rest of the harvest was burned or dumped in the sea. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Somehow, Afo managed to slip through the net. A rogue clove. A guerrilla plant waging a secret war of resistance. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Afo would eventually bring down the Dutch monopoly on cloves.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In 1770, a Frenchman, appropriately named Poivre, stole some of Afo&#x27;s seedlings. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">This Monsieur Pepper took them to France, then the Seychelles Islands and, eventually, Zanzibar, which is today the world&#x27;s largest producer of cloves. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">As I stand looking up into its branches, I wonder who planted Afo - and kept its location secret all those years. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Or did it just survive because of its remoteness high on the slopes of Gamalama? </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Either way, this ancient clove tree remains a symbol of the ultimate folly of empire - and the stubborn refusal of nature to be controlled. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">How to listen to From Our Own Correspondent:</b></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">BBC Radio 4: </b>A 30-minute programme on Saturdays, 11:30 BST.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Second 30-minute programme on Thursdays, 11:00 BST (some weeks only).</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><a href="/programmes/b006qjlq" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">Listen online</a> or <a href="/podcasts/series/fooc" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">download the podcast</a></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">BBC World Service:</b></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Hear daily 10-minute editions Monday to Friday, repeated through the day, also available to <a href="/programmes/p002vsng" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">listen online</a>.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Read more or <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/archive/default.stm" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">explore the archive<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, <!-- -->external</span></a> at the <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/default.stm" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">programme website<span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">, <!-- -->external</span></a>.</p></div></div><div data-component="links-block" class="ssrcss-5i1hhv-LinksComponentWrapper e3eyuya0"><section class="ssrcss-msolhr-LinksWrapper e3eyuya5"><div class="ssrcss-1lqqmgw-LinksHeadingWrapper e3eyuya4"><h2 type="normal" class="ssrcss-ad2rmd-Heading e10rt3ze0">More on this story</h2></div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ypkflt-EndOfContentLinksGrid e3eyuya2"><li class="ssrcss-547yr3-PromoItem 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Indonesia\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Indonesia's \\\"Spice Islands\\\" produced more nutmeg, mace, pepper and cloves than anywhere else in the world and on the island of Ternate, one particular tree has an extraordinary history. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Indonesia's \\\"Spice Islands\\\" produced more nutmeg, mace, pepper and cloves than anywhere else in the world and on the island of Ternate, one particular tree has an extraordinary history. \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Bule, Bule,\\\" shout the children excitedly, as our jeep threads its way up a steep road on the side of the volcano. \\\"White man, White man.\\\" \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Bule, Bule,\\\" shout the children excitedly, as our jeep threads its way up a steep road on the side of the volcano. \\\"White man, White man.\\\" \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"I am on Ternate, one of Indonesia's fabled Spice Islands. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"I am on Ternate, one of Indonesia's fabled Spice Islands. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The midday call to prayer mingles with the mosquito-whine of motorcycles. Above us, smoke seeps from the side of Gamalama, the pyramid-shaped volcano that dominates the island. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The midday call to prayer mingles with the mosquito-whine of motorcycles. Above us, smoke seeps from the side of Gamalama, the pyramid-shaped volcano that dominates the island. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"It had erupted only a month earlier, sending a tongue of molten lava pouring down the mountain into the sea. This part of the world is not called \\\"The Ring of Fire\\\" for nothing. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"It had erupted only a month earlier, sending a tongue of molten lava pouring down the mountain into the sea. This part of the world is not called \\\"The Ring of Fire\\\" for nothing. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"I am searching for the world's oldest clove tree. Why it is called Afo, no one knows. Neither is it exactly certain when Afo was planted. But estimates suggest it is between 350 and 400 years old. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"I am searching for the world's oldest clove tree. Why it is called Afo, no one knows. Neither is it exactly certain when Afo was planted. 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Their origin was a fiercely-guarded secret until the Portuguese and Spanish burst into the Java Sea in the 16th Century. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A Han dynasty ruler from the 3rd Century BC insisted that anyone addressing him chew cloves to sweeten their breath. Their origin was a fiercely-guarded secret until the Portuguese and Spanish burst into the Java Sea in the 16th Century. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Our hip, young Indonesian driver is clearly baffled as to why anyone should want to see an old tree. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Our hip, young Indonesian driver is clearly baffled as to why anyone should want to see an old tree. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And he clearly has no idea where Afo is. At a roadside stall selling everything from basketballs to fruit, we stop to ask directions. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And he clearly has no idea where Afo is. At a roadside stall selling everything from basketballs to fruit, we stop to ask directions. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The stallholder points back down the hill. With great difficulty, and reeking brake pads, we turn round and drive back down the volcano. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The stallholder points back down the hill. With great difficulty, and reeking brake pads, we turn round and drive back down the volcano. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"After a few hundred yards, we spot a signboard pointing to some steps cut into the hillside. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"After a few hundred yards, we spot a signboard pointing to some steps cut into the hillside. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The path winds upwards through groves of clove trees and bamboo. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The path winds upwards through groves of clove trees and bamboo. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Afo survived the destruction of clove trees in the 1700s\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Afo survived the destruction of clove trees in the 1700s\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Simon Worrall stands next to Afo - the world's oldest clove tree\",\"copyright\":\"PETER VAN EIJK\",\"height\":261,\"width\":464,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/464/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140900_swatafo_worrall.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140900_swatafo_worrall.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140900_swatafo_worrall.jpg.webp 320w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140900_swatafo_worrall.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/mcs/media/images/61140000/jpg/_61140900_swatafo_worrall.jpg 320w\"}],\"loading\":\"lazy\"}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"We are at nearly 1,800m (6,000ft) above sea level. Below us, through the foliage, I can just make out the sea and, beyond it, the island of Tidore. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"We are at nearly 1,800m (6,000ft) above sea level. Below us, through the foliage, I can just make out the sea and, beyond it, the island of Tidore. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Huffing and puffing up one last flight of steps I find myself under a tree that was probably here when Shakespeare was alive. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Huffing and puffing up one last flight of steps I find myself under a tree that was probably here when Shakespeare was alive. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Afo was once 40 metres tall and four metres round. Sadly, today, all that remains is a massive stump and some bare branches. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Afo was once 40 metres tall and four metres round. Sadly, today, all that remains is a massive stump and some bare branches. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A few years ago, villagers hungry for firewood even attacked Afo with machetes. A brick wall now surrounds it. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A few years ago, villagers hungry for firewood even attacked Afo with machetes. A brick wall now surrounds it. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If the Dutch had had their way, Afo would not have survived at all. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If the Dutch had had their way, Afo would not have survived at all. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Netherlands United East India Company, or Voc, was the world's first multinational corporation. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Netherlands United East India Company, or Voc, was the world's first multinational corporation. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"pullOut\",\"model\":{\"title\":\"Find out more...\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(File photo) Clove buds\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(File photo) Clove buds\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":171,\"width\":304,\"locator\":\"media/images/61083000/jpg/_61083503_hi005175008.jpg\",\"href\":\"http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/61083000/jpg/_61083503_hi005175008.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"mcs\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"BBC\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"unorderedList\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Cloves are the dried flower buds of a tree belonging to the Myrtaceae family\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Cloves are the dried flower buds of a tree belonging to the Myrtaceae family\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The trees can grow up to 12m high\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The trees can grow up to 12m high\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Cloves are used in cooking, either whole or in a ground form\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Cloves are used in cooking, either whole or in a ground form\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They are also used in some cigarettes, incense and perfume\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"They are also used in some cigarettes, incense and perfume\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"BBC Food - Clove recipes\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"BBC Food - Clove recipes\",\"locator\":\"/food/cloves\",\"isExternal\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"BBC Food - Clove recipes\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And just as corporations today seek to monopolise plant genes in the developing world, the Voc set about seizing total control of spice production. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And just as corporations today seek to monopolise plant genes in the developing world, the Voc set about seizing total control of spice production. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In 1652, after displacing the Portuguese and Spanish, the Dutch introduced a policy known as extirpatie: extirpation. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In 1652, after displacing the Portuguese and Spanish, the Dutch introduced a policy known as extirpatie: extirpation. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"All clove trees not controlled by the Voc were uprooted and burned. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"All clove trees not controlled by the Voc were uprooted and burned. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Anyone caught growing, stealing or possessing clove plants without authorisation faced the death penalty. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Anyone caught growing, stealing or possessing clove plants without authorisation faced the death penalty. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"On the Banda Islands, to the south - the world's only source of nutmeg - the Dutch used Japanese mercenaries to slaughter almost the entire male population. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"On the Banda Islands, to the south - the world's only source of nutmeg - the Dutch used Japanese mercenaries to slaughter almost the entire male population. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Like Opec today, the Voc also limited supply to keep prices high. Only 800-1,000 tonnes of cloves were exported per year. The rest of the harvest was burned or dumped in the sea. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Like Opec today, the Voc also limited supply to keep prices high. Only 800-1,000 tonnes of cloves were exported per year. The rest of the harvest was burned or dumped in the sea. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Somehow, Afo managed to slip through the net. A rogue clove. A guerrilla plant waging a secret war of resistance. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Somehow, Afo managed to slip through the net. A rogue clove. A guerrilla plant waging a secret war of resistance. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Afo would eventually bring down the Dutch monopoly on cloves.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Afo would eventually bring down the Dutch monopoly on cloves.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In 1770, a Frenchman, appropriately named Poivre, stole some of Afo's seedlings. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In 1770, a Frenchman, appropriately named Poivre, stole some of Afo's seedlings. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This Monsieur Pepper took them to France, then the Seychelles Islands and, eventually, Zanzibar, which is today the world's largest producer of cloves. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This Monsieur Pepper took them to France, then the Seychelles Islands and, eventually, Zanzibar, which is today the world's largest producer of cloves. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As I stand looking up into its branches, I wonder who planted Afo - and kept its location secret all those years. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As I stand looking up into its branches, I wonder who planted Afo - and kept its location secret all those years. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Or did it just survive because of its remoteness high on the slopes of Gamalama? \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Or did it just survive because of its remoteness high on the slopes of Gamalama? \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Either way, this ancient clove tree remains a symbol of the ultimate folly of empire - and the stubborn refusal of nature to be controlled. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Either way, this ancient clove tree remains a symbol of the ultimate folly of empire - and the stubborn refusal of nature to be controlled. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"How to listen to From Our Own Correspondent:\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"How to listen to From Our Own Correspondent:\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"BBC Radio 4: A 30-minute programme on Saturdays, 11:30 BST.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"BBC Radio 4: \",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A 30-minute programme on Saturdays, 11:30 BST.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Second 30-minute programme on Thursdays, 11:00 BST (some weeks only).\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Second 30-minute programme on Thursdays, 11:00 BST (some weeks 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