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data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static" aria-current="page"><span>Markets and consumers</span></li></ol></nav><div class="ecl-page-header__info"><h1 class="ecl-page-header__title"><span>Markets and consumers</span></h1></div></div></div> </div> <main class="ecl-u-pb-xl" id="main-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2.ecl-u-type-heading-2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12 ewcms-top-sidebar"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-main-page-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <article dir="ltr"> <div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-navigation-block" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <div class="navigation-lists-block"><div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers/electricity-market-design_en?prefLang=et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" data-untranslated-label="Electricity market design" data-level="1" >Electricity market design</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">The EU鈥檚 electricity market is designed to better integrate renewables, protect consumers and pursue the clean energy transition.</div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers/governance-internal-energy-market_en?prefLang=et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" data-untranslated-label="Governance of the internal energy market" data-level="1" >Governance of the internal energy market</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">In 2019, the electricity market design replaced the electricity part of the third energy package that dates from 2009, but the gas part is still in place. </div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers/energy-consumers-and-prosumers_en?prefLang=et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" data-untranslated-label="Energy consumers and prosumers  " data-level="1" >Energy consumers and prosumers </a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">EU energy policy aims to protect and empower consumers, combat energy poverty and support energy communities across Europe.</div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers/hydrogen-and-decarbonised-gas-market_en?prefLang=et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" data-untranslated-label="Hydrogen and decarbonised gas market" data-level="1" >Hydrogen and decarbonised gas market</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">In line with the European Green Deal, the EU has revised its rules to decarbonise the existing gas market and create a hydrogen market. </div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers/wholesale-energy-market_en?prefLang=et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" data-untranslated-label="Wholesale energy market" data-level="1" >Wholesale energy market</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">The EU sets rules on wholesale energy trading to foster competition in the energy market.</div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers/actions-and-measures-energy-prices_en?prefLang=et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" data-untranslated-label="Actions and measures on energy prices" data-level="1" >Actions and measures on energy prices</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">EU response to the surge in energy prices and implementing RePowerEU in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine early 2022.</div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers/smart-grids-and-meters_en?prefLang=et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" data-untranslated-label="Smart grids and meters" data-level="1" >Smart grids and meters</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">Smart grids and smart meters enable better management of energy networks and more efficient consumption.</div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 "><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers/clean-energy-eu-islands_en?prefLang=et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" data-untranslated-label="Clean energy for EU islands" data-level="1" >Clean energy for EU islands</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">Providing a long-term framework to help EU islands generate their own sustainable, low-cost energy.</div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers/capacity-mechanisms_en?prefLang=et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" data-untranslated-label="Capacity mechanisms" data-level="1" >Capacity mechanisms</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">Capacity mechanisms are measures taken in support of medium and long term electricity supply security.</div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/topics/markets-and-consumers/energy-taxation_en?prefLang=et" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" data-untranslated-label="Energy taxation" data-level="1" >Energy taxation</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description">The impact of taxation on energy prices for EU industry and households.</div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 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