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General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Acids and bases

<HEAD><TITLE>General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Acids and bases</TITLE><META http-equiv="PICS-Label" content='(PICS-1.1 "http://www.classify.org/safesurf/" l gen true for "http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/" r (SS~~000 1))'><META NAME="COPYRIGHT" CONTENT="F. Senese, Copyright 1997-2010. All rights reserved."><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Fred Senese, Frostburg State University Department of Chemistry, senese@antoine.frostburg.edu"><META NAME="DESCRIPTION" CONTENT="A searchable database of frequently asked questions from the Acids and bases section of General Chemistry Online."><META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="Acids and bases, general chemistry, chemistry resources, chemistry faqs, senese, frostburg state university, FAQ, frequently asked questions"> <STYLE TYPE="text/css"> A:link, A:visited, A:active { text-decoration: none;} P, TD {font-family:arial,helvetica,verdana,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;} --> </STYLE><SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript" SRC="/chem/senese/101/global.js"></SCRIPT></HEAD><BODY bgcolor="#ffffff" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#23238e" VLINK="#23008e" ALINK="#cc3299" BACKGROUND="/chem/senese/101/images/bg.gif"><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH=800><TR VALIGN=TOP><TD WIDTH="130" ALIGN=LEFT><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/index.shtml"><IMG SRC="/chem/senese/101/images/gcoblue.gif" WIDTH="147" HEIGHT="52" BORDER="0" ALT="Home"><A><BR><IMG SRC="/chem/senese/images/dot.gif" HEIGHT="1" WIDTH="1" ALT="" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="10" BORDER="0"><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><B><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/index.shtml">Home</A></B></FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/compounds/library.shtml">Common Compounds</A></FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/exam.shtml">Exam Guide</A></FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1">FAQ</FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/features.shtml">Features</A></FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/glossary.shtml">Glossary</A></FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/kits.shtml">Construction Kits</A></FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/notes.shtml">Companion Notes</A></FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/just-ask-antoine.shtml">Just Ask Antoine!</A></FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/simulations.shtml">Simulations</A></FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/slides.shtml">Slide Index</A></FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/toolbox.shtml">Toolbox</A></FONT><BR><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/tutorials/index.shtml">Tutorial Index</A></FONT><BR><script> (function() { var cx = '007502864726579336646:_k-snf0x-pc'; var gcse = document.createElement('script'); gcse.type = 'text/javascript'; gcse.async = true; gcse.src = (document.location.protocol == 'https:' ? 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</A> <LI><A HREF="faq/isolated-h-ions.shtml">Why can't hydrogen ions exist by themselves? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/molarity-and-pH.shtml">How is [H<SUP>+</SUP>] found from pH? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/negative-pH.shtml">Is a negative pH possible? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/recognizing-acids.shtml">How can you tell if a compound is an acid? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/what-is-pH.shtml">What is pH? </A> </UL><A NAME="buffer solutions"></A><H3>Buffer solutions</H3><UL><LI><A HREF="faq/buffered-aspirin.shtml">What is the buffer system in buffered aspirin? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/nh4cl-nh3-buffer.shtml">Which species in a NH<SUB>4</SUB>Cl/NH<SUB>3</SUB> buffer reacts with acid? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/preparing-buffers.shtml">How do I prepare a phosphate buffer solution with a specific pH? </A> </UL><A NAME="calculating pH"></A><H3>Calculating pH</H3><UL><LI><A HREF="faq/hydrolysis-in-pH-calculations.shtml">How does hydrolysis enter into pH calculations? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/pH-strong-acid-dilution.shtml">How do I calculate the pH for a strong acid solution after dilution? </A> </UL><A NAME="equilibrium constants"></A><H3>Equilibrium constants</H3><UL><LI><A HREF="faq/pKa-and-pKb.shtml">How is pK<SUB>a</SUB> related to pK<SUB>b</SUB>? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/pka-on-the-web.shtml">Where can I find pK<SUB>a</SUB>'s on the Web? </A> </UL><A NAME="indicators"></A><H3>Indicators</H3><UL><LI><A HREF="faq/colorless-indicator.shtml">What indicators change from clear to colored? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/household-indicators.shtml">What household substances can be used as acid/base indicators? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/methyl-orange.shtml">What is methyl orange? How is it made? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/natural-indicators.shtml">What are some natural acid/base indicators? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/novel-uses-of-indicators.shtml">What are some novel ways to use indicators (besides titrations)? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/universal-indicator.shtml">What is a universal indicator? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/water-based-indicators.shtml">Are all acid/base indicators water-based? </A> </UL><A NAME="neutralization reactions"></A><H3>Neutralization reactions</H3><UL><LI><A HREF="faq/glacial-vs-vinegar.shtml">Which reacts more vigorously with limestone: glacial acetic acid or 5% acetic acid? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/how-is-copper-sulfate-made.shtml">How can copper sulfate be made by a neutralization reaction? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/limestone-acid-reaction.shtml">What are the products of the reaction between limestone and acidic water? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/toxic-acetic-acid.shtml">Is any toxic gas produced when acetic acid and limestone react? </A> </UL><A NAME="strong and weak acids and bases"></A><H3>Strong and weak acids and bases</H3><UL><LI><A HREF="faq/ammonia-is-a-weak-base.shtml">Is ammonia a weak base? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/hydrolysis-answer.shtml">Which has the highest pH: 0.1 M NaC<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, 0.1 M NaCl, or 0.1 M NaNO<SUB>3</SUB>? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/indicating-strong-or-weak.shtml">How can strong and weak acids be distinguished using indicators? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/iodopyracet.shtml">Is the salt of a weak acid and a weak base considered a weak acid or a weak base? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/strong-and-weak.shtml">Can you classify acids as strong or weak from their formulas alone? </A> </UL><A NAME="titrations"></A><H3>Titrations</H3><UL><LI><A HREF="faq/adjust-pH-HNO3-with-KOH.shtml">How can I adjust the pH of an HNO<SUB>3</SUB> solution by adding KOH? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/antacid-titration.shtml">How can I compare the neutralizing capabilities of antacids? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/equivalence-point-HF-NaOH.shtml">What is the pH at the equivalence point an HF/NaOH titration? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/equivalence-point-HOAc-NaOH.shtml">How do I compute the pH at the equivalence point in the titration of acetic acid with NaOH? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/oxalic-acid-titration.shtml">Can I determine the pK<SUB>a</SUB>'s for oxalic acid from a titration curve? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/pKa-experiment-HOAc.shtml">How is the the pK<SUB>a</SUB> of acetic acid found in this experiment? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/temperature-dependence-Kw.shtml">Why should temperature be specified when doing weak acid pH calculations? </A> <LI><A HREF="faq/weak-acid-strong-base.shtml">Can I determine the pK<SUB>a</SUB>'s for oxalic acid from a titration curve? </A> </UL></FONT></TD></TR><TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD><FONT FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" SIZE="-2"></TD><TD></TD><TD><br clear="all"><P><A NAME="bottom"></A><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE="-2" FACE="geneva,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><A HREF="/chem/senese/101/index.shtml">General Chemistry Online!</A> Acids and bases:<BR>Frequently asked questions<P>Copyright &copy 1997-2010 by <A HREF="/chem/senese/index.shtml">Fred Senese</A><BR>Comments & questions to <A HREF="mailto:fsenese@frostburg.edu">fsenese@frostburg.edu</A><BR>Last Revised 02/23/18.URL: <A HREF="/chem/senese/101/acidbase/faq.shtml" TARGET="_TOP">http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/acidbase/faq.shtml</A><BR></TD></TR></TABLE></BODY></HTML>

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