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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mantel (geologie)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 19 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AD_(%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="وشاح (جيولوجيا) – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وشاح (جيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اتلی قات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اتلی قات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_pl%C3%A1%C5%A1%C5%A5" title="Planetární plášť – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Planetární plášť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappe_(geologi)" title="Kappe (geologi) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kappe (geologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology) – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mantle (geology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manto_(geolog%C3%ADa)" title="Manto (geología) – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manto (geología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="گوشته سیاره‌ای – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوشته سیاره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manteau_plan%C3%A9taire" title="Manteau planétaire – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Manteau planétaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Плашт (геологија) – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Плашт (геологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantel_(geologi)" title="Mantel (geologi) – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mantel (geologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keessa_lafaa_(Xindachee)" title="Keessa lafaa (Xindachee) – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Keessa lafaa (Xindachee)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Планетарная мантия – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Планетарная мантия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mantle (geology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="เนื้อดาว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เนื้อดาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantel" title="Mantel – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mantel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manto_(jeoloji)" title="Manto (jeoloji) – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manto (jeoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мантія планети – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мантія планети" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%84_(%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="مینٹل (ارضیات) – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مینٹل (ارضیات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%94" title="地幔 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地幔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4364434#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mantel_(geologie)" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Mantel_(geologie)" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" 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bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantel_(geologie)&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Mantel_(geologie)" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Mantel_(geologie)" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die 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weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4364434" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Slice_earth.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Slice_earth.svg/250px-Slice_earth.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Slice_earth.svg/375px-Slice_earth.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Slice_earth.svg/500px-Slice_earth.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>'n Deursnit van die Aarde: Die aardkors (1 kontinentale kors en 2 oseaniese kors) vorm die dun boonste lagie. 3 en 4 is die mantel en 5 en 6 die kern.</figcaption></figure> <p>'n <b>Mantel</b> in <a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">geologie</a> is die laag binne-in 'n planetêre liggaam, tussen die <a href="/wiki/Kors_(geologie)" title="Kors (geologie)">kors</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Planeetkern" title="Planeetkern">kern</a>. Mantels bestaan uit rots of <a href="/wiki/Vlugtigheid_(planetologie)" title="Vlugtigheid (planetologie)">vlugtige yse</a> en is gewoonlik die grootste en swaarste deel van die liggaam. Mantels is kenmerkend van planetêre liggame wat <a href="/wiki/Planet%C3%AAre_differensiasie" title="Planetêre differensiasie">differensiasie</a> ondergaan het deur <a href="/wiki/Digtheid" title="Digtheid">digtheid</a>. In die <a href="/wiki/Sonnestelsel" title="Sonnestelsel">Sonnestelsel</a> het al die <a href="/wiki/Aardplanete" class="mw-redirect" title="Aardplanete">aardplanete</a> (insluitende die <a href="/wiki/Aarde" title="Aarde">Aarde</a>), 'n paar <a href="/wiki/Astero%C3%AFde" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroïde">asteroïdes</a> en sommige <a href="/wiki/Natuurlike_satelliet" title="Natuurlike satelliet">natuurlike satelliete</a> mantels. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeeld:_die_Aarde">Voorbeeld: die Aarde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantel_(geologie)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Voorbeeld: die Aarde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantel_(geologie)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Voorbeeld: die Aarde"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Aarde se mantel is 'n laag <a href="/wiki/Silikaatminerale" title="Silikaatminerale">silikaatrots</a> tussen die <a href="/wiki/Aardkors" title="Aardkors">aardkors</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Aardkern" title="Aardkern">buitekern</a>. Sy massa van 4,01 × 10<sup>24</sup> kg is sowat 67% van die Aarde se massa.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die mantel is 2 900 km dik<sup id="cite_ref-:02_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en maak dus sowat 84% van die Aarde se volume uit. Dit is hoofsaaklik solied, maar tree in <a href="/wiki/Geologiese_tydskaal" title="Geologiese tydskaal">geologiese tyd</a> op soos 'n taai <a href="/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof">vloeistof</a>. Gedeeltelike smelting van die mantel by <a href="/wiki/Mid-oseaanrif" title="Mid-oseaanrif">mid-oseaanriwwe</a> produseer oseaniese kors, en die gedeeltelike smelting van die mantel by <a href="/wiki/Subduksie" title="Subduksie">subduksiesones</a> produseer kontinentale kors.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantel_(geologie)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantel_(geologie)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:02-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:02_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFKatharina.1998" class="citation book cs1">Katharina., Lodders (1998). <i>The planetary scientist's companion</i>. Fegley, Bruce. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1423759836" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1423759836"><bdi>978-1423759836</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65171709">65171709</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+planetary+scientist%27s+companion&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F65171709&rft.isbn=978-1423759836&rft.aulast=Katharina.&rft.aufirst=Lodders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AMantel+%28geologie%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universetoday.com/40229/what-is-the-earths-mantle-made-of/">"What is the Earth's Mantle Made Of? – Universe Today"</a>. <i>Universe Today</i> (in Engels (VSA)). 26 Maart 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Universe+Today&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Earth%27s+Mantle+Made+Of%3F+%E2%80%93+Universe+Today&rft.date=2016-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.universetoday.com%2F40229%2Fwhat-is-the-earths-mantle-made-of%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AMantel+%28geologie%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nog_leesstof">Nog leesstof</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantel_(geologie)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Nog leesstof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantel_(geologie)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nog leesstof"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Don L. Anderson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1989.001"><i>Theory of the Earth</i></a>, Blackwell (1989). Besoek op 23 Desember 2007.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJeanloz2000" class="citation book cs1">Jeanloz, Raymond (2000). "Mantle of the Earth". In Haraldur Sigurdsson; Bruce Houghton; Hazel Rymer; John Stix; Steve McNutt (reds.). <i>Encyclopedia of Volcanoes</i>. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 41–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-12-643140-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-12-643140-7"><bdi>978-0-12-643140-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mantle+of+the+Earth&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Volcanoes&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pages=41-54&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-12-643140-7&rft.aulast=Jeanloz&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AMantel+%28geologie%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Donald L. Turcotte en Gerald Schubert, <i>Geodynamics</i>, Cambridge University Press, 3de uitgawe (2014), <span class="ISBN" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-107-00653-9" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-107-00653-9">ISBN 978-1-107-00653-9</a></span> (hardeband) <span class="ISBN" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-521-18623-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-521-18623-0">ISBN 978-0-521-18623-0</a></span> (sagteband)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skakels">Skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantel_(geologie)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantel_(geologie)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg/20px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="102" /></a></span> Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik uit die <span class="plainlinks"></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" class="extiw" title="en:Mantle (geology)">Engelse Wikipedia</a> vertaal.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mantel_(geologie)&oldid=2631735">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mantel_(geologie)&oldid=2631735</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Geologie" title="Kategorie:Geologie">Geologie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Engels_(VSA)_(en-us)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Engels (VSA) (en-us)">AS1-bronne in Engels (VSA) (en-us)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 24 November 2023 om 12:45 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. 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