CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91982ae6d878ce27',cH: 'TE_I4zLhTmZAMrHzuI4j0EkfR3e0KZa.D2XWEqKzl.0-1740827003-1.2.1.1-BhezubT8EckFmC63ULExnRcPke3etkEGVPXDbrpj2Ql3KxSW3dhA8574sLmZXXfp',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=layout&__cf_chl_tk=ZAGLuwflVIzxn5znAFzj.tBzWBknF34zeXHgjOzruLY-1740827003-1.0.1.1-QCcDDZN0yNPg.rnFClXqGvA1ZKvJL2qjtyQ39tkkrtM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740827003',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=layout&__cf_chl_f_tk=ZAGLuwflVIzxn5znAFzj.tBzWBknF34zeXHgjOzruLY-1740827003-1.0.1.1-QCcDDZN0yNPg.rnFClXqGvA1ZKvJL2qjtyQ39tkkrtM",md: "tm6OpXIR2AVlGjXcHiAlVTFYwnkeFtTOuaW9tXo9MdU-1740827003-1.2.1.1-Qjri4CGjIU20SaYuWKO46kpL64Loye4E67rtl3lWtZjiS5MgNLByvrS8PvOiuPwHvWRGAhhPni7DH0NjOEN.JT12QAC3N3rscKS4BchkuhH2hmHj6KBIu.Scz6ZbeGL7gzlJEd3lQeXN49F7abjGOeFfkZW.LgHP8Z8cW5wpqLhmFSQaB.DHPbz28cffeJ7ocP3oDBjUxKj83.22oOhhpjl9WH.PJp0qWhXTQXIT1cf__6_.ES2gYaGK9AlPKGHidR4ushZyX0lrSFc18rErzzc9mTPgkhqzReCiae.kCpFljb7X8g9V2rMT6CD2wFLmBYIgJ5GaK_vNK5uzPNYM.yCQU3yttCFOGR7mhrwbWGoc7bHugQiHSllTJFUusmthca4Wz1IGe.qQy90.oPfET5D.z0acK3cPw6L30GIAR88p7doZakNN.krRP_D5saFayWLrjiX8vDTQzRlnSFYp0UJIJlH9kXsD5y5XUosRp6Kvz9I8sD2WtzUwMWrA4J0nLCDgtGKpoJZdnI8KvrkIQWWd357XbYgoBRO01nDDcprzPWKsHjCVf3g6RaYwvio5AX_3l2vI0m54Gs0Wk8zr9iv4sAQ1JU0HY85cWmKwqMnToABARD5t0ogL2zGZ6uHVHN.9P6oYmccFQKZ6A_TFnobRH2SP1miQnoMz81R8kSclPpkrucKyQ0sKrTulre40.mA7KNkbxbhMYCp6NPZcLxAwD_gCxhbaSASMaQQ76bTHm.Y.O9zO.JteMAF9t1__oBuJeve1IGStMYeGc6gHSkO1m5LmfiwQFicjW1O57CXRcWZNGOy4BvBqJhjy9hWS4BrSKhOx3zZZotdf3023QN7Kc1a4ISeKhYIK9u9Ksnji9qybmPI07a7msBhrLoVJKuHgYUR6hd7ilBvoqlvvOD75Xb.kbCo4sMGLAlpRyfuhqdDWnStEyC.Ddr5_6cQlAUMdBptybBm9a65VabBbLjyVJ2ZxORr6R8WmpVWSaKIzI1od5hOJ18qGgme1PgEotl5PPQhmyBraOSHMRjpOZd0q7ZkAYV_HVQuH5gPUPPcNTJbNMgFhfT_f_rG6mzCj1lPaek3uyO1Fasfef1aFAOj3ULHFCfg5TIRXLuyEjukjKBTglaCTf2YtsoI2QsdHVb3Ty1WhocKOtd48WgGagwB60sWfyBJpjKMvcxzznXBkrXo9quexaxkcx4NMjFjEm_D8lE6b_y5juj7VSN.UJw",mdrd: "aEvPmvtWp3g7FGYzUaNc1pUozVM0DnxPbdKNoTKfoV4-1740827003-1.2.1.1-ejvuFxmqshxFG2ewApC39UF7lEAexnPXfymJ6xOm05mcXy7t4nNrSqRUF1WcDLkuw9G2TvyP5K7HJ4meEXL2TrFcjptIoh0xYbnyUZFAhMt3beudN5nFr1UGYBA91rElAjVGHPFcwDxrg8D5afctyiqw81g4x4HOP8yKj3nrSQk.R7eyQJ62SMDy_4CrmVZvqdqBf2MoiIpk9y5Tw2TTFE9rwIO6xJEATh64nf_C.nAWGSGmjI31yaCzW2d2gmDizD1G6Dwa4zQoQzlmZY1feuck_ak_NtU2VEDiwlArDkX0OCZUx_.3xq4FzP6oqRNGx8dzVyyKOQWJuOmDV2cKJuKWFSB77o6GsY2dIKmCVHjtSHvYQ4hQCaionTGHsoJtnNJs96g3nzdnG1X8XciZStn79xCmDiP5EJbiQvr4WiPeyDL49Y0xR3HWMzgzNfSOI0QGJ257F3bNPsHg_APieTZMdLBL1ajKzgPNCbQG1WdFeIxFUCvdpT6hdciK0IVvWrHFKaVwUH0f6rEOdx7yarCClKjjX.nfL6waFEZemaGlIoHAHZ2VTEPu_NC8eHdw_AyLCv4Aa4cczsb6.gxQTukRerb75VhIv30fszxGoyeQh2CPiq3TYi6o.2Yuy6_HjugWVVH64zxEAodpff1_Y1EEip.ZTZZY5RhDU7kQpuuek7kXaaXEaQR4LjF8yhF6aiv2Zxn6t6TM8Ih6DzJ7KznBJ4TXke2jr0Kfdt54AiQ0Yf5C9uNEPMg6ZvESBo7uO6MHmWo1srQWMs.q2u2y8kXnBlNrNSik1.zqscAmwL2GppYb3BVpm9YVx5ziWdvzKj8.VknLHVt4A6irBEfoG.6sqygbzzgyrWqnsdYmW7J1LkG.9jGbliIwtn_v2XOvsE3zJnIwNTfATbiPIPdn6qJLXjf1aeqtPOZDg4rogg9vwcTTAL.DowbXapOnlZtETOy84zsKK5PjZ9PJHQdMbSkF2NAkYVs5XkDf.o.dlASeG.0QTN74.AWqrgA_gQoIRmf_blbv4bK3dilUBxVrnx4H4Z74fwEtkfFtqgkK.qgSw3azLXohIWUOxPJedN3uXqawkdH0ndHt4XQ0cMlQIfoHNsxvJ_.m2hGEaHYz92yTIfsif1hP4dN8dbApX8E4VNNQenz4EfRzdymjraUGCqUx5wnYTffmBVX__AQHhppBcdMf92_ioYrHs2EPF.Efs9up5RnMWoCj5xYaTVyDMJxi.5321VXncvCzGzXUBHCsLA0bxGUcKN8QzykV6K8ICkk7VlW21KfRzN2FgDINSFgK57sK8NCpAfIlBvM9gI6pMv1iFhw0w4jOeJuguqyxFjaMQlcjDae_KVyNuiEPk96XFnchmjsAoaEEu7cuJBrmDy7N.mGWoFDsA7hM32zxXWghHpjPRb1OC6hMniXGhPieNt2s6eO7a5jeeMnZObHiRtzOGMkiiaaI_mSTD2rS1eaw1EOD5qHnz29ks37zcJ9I4_PSbmDHkw46A47X.SYZWK04YWGIS2Glta2Z5Y5T52GsWmlZlSnlJzKPb8EiJvdo5WbSofyM3V0Tl_g9dd73_ffmxWQ2GjFd3sQMt_FbSiQSkdci5cZ4OyxrrOuB8.YHXPDEXpbLEsrD9yogGCZ4ygbEy9WqqDo5kHT5HqKx2wjpQ2SyypECyalYS4fI96WXwyQA.7.J_JVmncasdTPAxB1kIPYYTawM8mtrXHnXD70ycat3N9Ha9wjUyfioSmwEQhXsqG3wtuA4uXFQtMUwgNJgQsk5iMQY1QqYRArSO9D.Usgy6Im9SQH49HB4wMGeQbLJr7DqeKAV6E.dTnwXXjgVMITI7S3N.5bccJFtdTzG8i9D4u_TScD5l0ARVJ2u0oIdBMh56Xm0e9ABkm8PMs8.azP1pvtdweuXwOGjDv2UO.wKrdFsKX9fVBzGuhPygntdtCjeQoXpUwncesg7gs1A9vekoDitjBFFmEhG"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91982ae6d878ce27';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=layout&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ZAGLuwflVIzxn5znAFzj.tBzWBknF34zeXHgjOzruLY-1740827003-1.0.1.1-QCcDDZN0yNPg.rnFClXqGvA1ZKvJL2qjtyQ39tkkrtM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>