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Aoki</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Toshiaki Aoki"> <meta name="keywords" content="Toshiaki Aoki"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Toshiaki Aoki"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 23</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Toshiaki Aoki</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Sustaining Efficiency in Electricity Distribution to Enhance Effective Human Security for the Vulnerable People in Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20Nyamekeh-Armah%20Adjei">Anthony Nyamekeh-Armah Adjei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Aoki"> Toshiaki Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The unreliable and poor efficiency of electricity distribution leading to frequent power outages and high losses are the major challenge facing the power distribution sector in Ghana. Distribution system routes electricity from the power generating station at a higher voltage through the transmission grid and steps it down through the low voltage lines to end users. Approximately all electricity problems and disturbances that have increased the call for renewable and sustainable energy in recent years have their roots in the distribution system. Therefore, sustaining electricity distribution efficiency can potentially contribute to the reserve of natural energy resources use in power generation, reducing greenhouse gas emission (GHG), decreasing tariffs for consumers and effective human security. Human Security is a people-centered approach where individual human being is the principal object of concern, focuses on protecting the vital core of all human lives in ways for meeting basic needs that enhance the safety and protection of individuals and communities. The vulnerability is the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, resist and recover from the effect of natural, human-induced disaster. The research objectives are to explore the causes of frequent power outages to consumers, high losses in the distribution network and the effect of poor electricity distribution efficiency on the vulnerable (poor and ordinary) people that mostly depend on electricity for their daily activities or life to survive. The importance of the study is that in a developing country like Ghana where raising a capital for new infrastructure project is difficult, it would be beneficial to enhance the efficiency that will significantly minimize the high energy losses, reduce power outage, to ensure safe and reliable delivery of electric power to consumers to secure the security of people’s livelihood. The methodology used in this study is both interview and questionnaire survey to analyze the response from the respondents on causes of power outages and high losses facing the electricity company of Ghana (ECG) and its effect on the livelihood on the vulnerable people. Among the outcome of both administered questionnaire and the interview survey from the field were; poor maintenance of existing sub-stations, use of aging equipment, use of poor distribution infrastructure and poor metering and billing system. The main observation of this paper is that the poor network efficiency (high losses and power outages) affects the livelihood of the vulnerable people. Therefore, the paper recommends that policymakers should insist on all regulation guiding electricity distribution to improve system efficiency. In conclusion, there should be decentralization of off-grid solar PV technologies to provide a sustainable and cost-effective, which can increase daily productivity and improve the quality of life of the vulnerable people in the rural communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity%20efficiency" title="electricity efficiency">electricity efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20losses" title=" high losses"> high losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20security" title=" human security"> human security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20outage" title=" power outage"> power outage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90010/sustaining-efficiency-in-electricity-distribution-to-enhance-effective-human-security-for-the-vulnerable-people-in-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Study on Clarification of the Core Technology in a Monozukuri Company</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishiyama%20Toshiaki">Nishiyama Toshiaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadayuki%20Kyountani"> Tadayuki Kyountani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Huu%20Phuc"> Nguyen Huu Phuc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama"> Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oke%20Oktavianty"> Oke Oktavianty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important to clarify the company’s core technology in product development process to strengthen their power in providing technology that meets the customer requirement. QFD method is adopted to clarify the core technology through identifying the high element technologies that are related to the voice of customer, and offer the most delightful features for customer. AHP is used to determine the importance of evaluating factors. A case study was conducted by using this approach in Japan’s Monozukuri Company (so called manufacturing company) to clarify their core technology based on customer requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20technology" title="core technology">core technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QFD" title=" QFD"> QFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voices%20of%20customer" title=" voices of customer"> voices of customer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis%20procedure" title=" analysis procedure"> analysis procedure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64768/study-on-clarification-of-the-core-technology-in-a-monozukuri-company" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Third Language Perception of English Initial Plosives by Mandarin-Japanese Bilinguals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Aoki">Rika Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to investigate whether being bilinguals facilitates or impedes the perception of a third language. The present study conducted a perception experiment in which Mandarin-Japanese bilinguals categorized a Voice-Onset-Time (VOT) continuum into English /b/ or /p/. The results show that early bilinguals were influenced by both Mandarin and Japanese, while late bilinguals behaved in a similar manner to Mandarin monolinguals Thus, it can be concluded that in the present study having two languages did not help bilinguals to perceive L3 stop contrast native-likely. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinguals" title="bilinguals">bilinguals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20language%20acquisition" title=" third language acquisition"> third language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voice-onset-time" title=" voice-onset-time"> voice-onset-time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58788/third-language-perception-of-english-initial-plosives-by-mandarin-japanese-bilinguals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Reactive Blending of Thermoplastic Starch, Ethylene-1-Butene Rubber, and Chitosan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittisak%20Jantanasakulwong">Kittisak Jantanasakulwong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Ougizawa"> Toshiaki Ougizawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermoplastic starch (TPS) was prepared by melt-blending of cassava starch with glycerol (70/30 wt%/wt%) at 130 ◦C for 10 min. Chitosan (CTS) was used as a compatibilizer. TPS/CTS blend was melt-blended with maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-1-butene rubber (EB-MAH) in the composition of 80/20 respectively. Addition of CTS in TPS/EB-MAH blend decreased particles size of EB-MAH rubber to 1µm in TPS matrix. Mechanical properties, solubility, swelling property, morphology, and water contact angle of TPS/EB-MAH blend were improved by CTS incorporation. FTIR confirmed a reaction had occurred between amino groups (-NH2) of CTS and the MAH groups of EB-MAH. This reaction and the enhanced miscibility between TPS and CTS improved morphology and properties of the TPS/EB-MAH/CTS blend. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20starch" title="thermoplastic starch">thermoplastic starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber" title=" rubber"> rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20blending" title=" reactive blending"> reactive blending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79632/reactive-blending-of-thermoplastic-starch-ethylene-1-butene-rubber-and-chitosan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Effect of Blade Shape on the Performance of Wells Turbine for Wave Energy Conversion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katsuya%20Takasaki">Katsuya Takasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manabu%20Takao"> Manabu Takao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Setoguchi"> Toshiaki Setoguchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effect of 3-dimensional (3D) blade on the turbine characteristics of Wells turbine for wave energy conversion has been investigated experimentally by model testing under steady flow conditions in the study, in order to improve the peak efficiency and the stall characteristics. The aim of the use of 3D blade is to prevent flow separation on the suction surface near the tip. The chord length is constant with radius and the blade profile changes gradually from mean radius to tip. The proposed blade profiles in the study are NACA0015 from hub to mean radius and NACA0025 at the tip. The performances of Wells turbine with 3D blades has been compared with those of the original Wells turbine, i.e. the turbine with 2-dimensional (2D) blades. As a result, it was concluded that although the peak efficiency of Wells turbine can be improved by the use of the proposed 3D blade, its blade does not overcome the weakness of stalling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20machinery" title="fluid machinery">fluid machinery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20engineering" title=" ocean engineering"> ocean engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stall" title=" stall"> stall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20energy%20conversion" title=" wave energy conversion"> wave energy conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wells%20turbine" title=" wells turbine"> wells turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17316/effect-of-blade-shape-on-the-performance-of-wells-turbine-for-wave-energy-conversion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Signal On-Off Ratio and Output Frequency Analysis of Semiconductor Electron-Interference Device</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomotaka%20Aoki">Tomotaka Aoki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isao%20Tomita"> Isao Tomita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We examined the on-off ratio and frequency components of output signals from an electron-interference device made of GaAs/AlₓGa₁₋ₓAs by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger's equation on conducting electrons in the channel waveguide of the device. For electron-wave modulation, a periodic voltage of frequency f was applied to the channel. Furthermore, we examined the voltage-amplitude dependence of the signals in time and frequency domains and found that large applied voltage deformed the output-signal waveform and created additional side modes (frequencies) near the modulation frequency f and that there was a trade-off between on-off ratio and side-mode creation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20conduction" title="electrical conduction">electrical conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20interference" title=" electron interference"> electron interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20spectrum" title=" frequency spectrum"> frequency spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-off%20ratio" title=" on-off ratio"> on-off ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145444/signal-on-off-ratio-and-output-frequency-analysis-of-semiconductor-electron-interference-device" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Segmental Motion of Polymer Chain at Glass Transition Probed by Single Molecule Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Aoki">Hiroyuki Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The glass transition phenomenon has been extensively studied for a long time. The glass transition of polymer materials is assigned to the transition of the dynamics of the chain backbone segment. However, the detailed mechanism of the transition behavior of the segmental motion is still unclear. In the current work, the single molecule detection technique was employed to reveal the trajectory of the molecular motion of the single polymer chain. The center segment of poly(butyl methacrylate) chain was labeled by a perylenediimide dye molecule and observed by a highly sensitive fluorescence microscope in a defocus condition. The translational and rotational diffusion of the center segment in a single polymer chain was analyzed near the glass transition temperature. The direct observation of the individual polymer chains revealed the intermittent behavior of the segmental motion, indicating the spatial inhomogeneity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20transition" title="glass transition">glass transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20motion" title=" molecular motion"> molecular motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20materials" title=" polymer materials"> polymer materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20molecule" title=" single molecule"> single molecule</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90107/segmental-motion-of-polymer-chain-at-glass-transition-probed-by-single-molecule-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Fabrication of Biosensor Based on Layered Double Hydroxide/Polypyrrole/Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Anti-Hypertensive and Prostatic Hyperplasia Drug Terazosin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20M.%20Hassanein">Amira M. Hassanein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehal%20A.%20Salahuddin"> Nehal A. Salahuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atsunori%20Matsuda"> Atsunori Matsuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Hattori"> Toshiaki Hattori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20N.%20Elfiky"> Mona N. Elfiky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New insights into the design of highly sensitive, carbon-based electrochemical sensors are presented in this work. This was achieved by exploring the interesting properties of conductive (Mg/Al) layered double hydroxide- Dodecyl Sulphate/Polypyrrole nanocomposites which were synthesized by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole during the assembly of (Mg/Al) layered double hydroxide, and by employing the anionic surfactant Dodecyl sulphate as a modifier. The morphology and surface area of the nanocomposites changed with the percentage of Pyrrole. Under optimal conditions, the modified carbon paste electrode successfully achieved detection limits of 0.057 and 0.134 nmol.L-1 of Terazosin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human serum fluid, respectively. Moreover, the sensors are highly stable, reusable, and free from interference by other commonly present excipients in drug formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layered%20double%20hydroxide" title="layered double hydroxide">layered double hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypyrrole" title=" polypyrrole"> polypyrrole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terazosin%20hydrochloride" title=" terazosin hydrochloride"> terazosin hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square-wave%20adsorptive%20anodic%20stripping%20voltammetry" title=" square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry"> square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79856/fabrication-of-biosensor-based-on-layered-double-hydroxidepolypyrrolecarbon-paste-electrode-for-determination-of-anti-hypertensive-and-prostatic-hyperplasia-drug-terazosin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Rehabilitation Robot in Primary Walking Pattern Training for SCI Patient at Home</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taisuke%20Sakaki">Taisuke Sakaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshihiko%20Shimokawa"> Toshihiko Shimokawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobuhiro%20Ushimi"> Nobuhiro Ushimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koji%20Murakami"> Koji Murakami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Kwun%20Lee"> Yong-Kwun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuhiro%20Tsuruta"> Kazuhiro Tsuruta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanta%20Aoki"> Kanta Aoki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaoru%20Fujiie"> Kaoru Fujiie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryuji%20Katamoto"> Ryuji Katamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atsushi%20Sugyo"> Atsushi Sugyo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently attention has been focused on incomplete spinal cord injuries (SCI) to the central spine caused by pressure on parts of the white matter conduction pathway, such as the pyramidal tract. In this paper, we focus on a training robot designed to assist with primary walking-pattern training. The target patient for this training robot is relearning the basic functions of the usual walking pattern; it is meant especially for those with incomplete-type SCI to the central spine, who are capable of standing by themselves but not of performing walking motions. From the perspective of human engineering, we monitored the operator’s actions to the robot and investigated the movement of joints of the lower extremities, the circumference of the lower extremities, and exercise intensity with the machine. The concept of the device was to provide mild training without any sudden changes in heart rate or blood pressure, which will be particularly useful for the elderly and disabled. The mechanism of the robot is modified to be simple and lightweight with the expectation that it will be used at home. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title="training">training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCI%20patient" title=" SCI patient"> SCI patient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare" title=" welfare"> welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot" title=" robot"> robot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22243/rehabilitation-robot-in-primary-walking-pattern-training-for-sci-patient-at-home" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Single-Molecule Analysis of Structure and Dynamics in Polymer Materials by Super-Resolution Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Aoki">Hiroyuki Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The physical properties of polymer materials are dependent on the conformation and molecular motion of a polymer chain. Therefore, the structure and dynamic behavior of the single polymer chain have been the most important concerns in the field of polymer physics. However, it has been impossible to directly observe the conformation of the single polymer chain in a bulk medium. In the current work, the novel techniques to study the conformation and dynamics of a single polymer chain are proposed. Since a fluorescence method is extremely sensitive, the fluorescence microscopy enables the direct detection of a single molecule. However, the structure of the polymer chain as large as 100 nm cannot be resolved by conventional fluorescence methods because of the diffraction limit of light. In order to observe the single chains, we developed the labeling method of polymer materials with a photo-switchable dye and the super-resolution microscopy. The real-space conformational analysis of single polymer chains with the spatial resolution of 15-20 nm was achieved. The super-resolution microscopy enables us to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates; therefore, we succeeded the conformational analysis in three dimensions. The direct observation by the nanometric optical microscopy would reveal the detailed information on the molecular processes in the various polymer systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20materials" title="polymer materials">polymer materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20molecule" title=" single molecule"> single molecule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super-resolution%20techniques" title=" super-resolution techniques"> super-resolution techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conformation" title=" conformation"> conformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57901/single-molecule-analysis-of-structure-and-dynamics-in-polymer-materials-by-super-resolution-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Nano-Particle of π-Conjugated Polymer for Near-Infrared Bio-Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Aoki">Hiroyuki Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Molecular imaging has attracted much attention recently, which visualizes biological molecules, cells, tissue, and so on. Among various in vivo imaging techniques, the fluorescence imaging method has been widely employed as a useful modality for small animals in pre-clinical researches. However, the higher signal intensity is needed for highly sensitive in vivo imaging. The objective of the current study is the development of a fluorescent imaging agent with high brightness for the tumor imaging of a mouse. The strategy to enhance the fluorescence signal of a bio-imaging agent is the increase of the absorption of the excitation light and the fluorescence conversion efficiency. We developed a nano-particle fluorescence imaging agent consisting of a π-conjugated polymer emitting a fluorescence signal in a near infrared region. A large absorption coefficient and high emission intensity at a near infrared optical window for biological tissue enabled highly sensitive in vivo imaging with a tumor-targeting ability by an EPR (enhanced permeation and retention) effect. The signal intensity from the π-conjugated fluorescence imaging agent is larger by two orders of magnitude compared to a quantum dot, which has been known as the brightest imaging agent. The π-conjugated polymer nano-particle would be a promising candidate in the in vivo imaging of small animals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence" title="fluorescence">fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugated%20polymer" title=" conjugated polymer"> conjugated polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo%20imaging" title=" in vivo imaging"> in vivo imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-particle" title=" nano-particle"> nano-particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-infrared" title=" near-infrared"> near-infrared</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97998/nano-particle-of-p-conjugated-polymer-for-near-infrared-bio-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Development of Polymer Nano-Particles as in vivo Imaging Agents for Photo-Acoustic Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Aoki">Hiroyuki Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Molecular imaging has attracted much attention to visualize a tumor site in a living body on the basis of biological functions. A fluorescence in vivo imaging technique has been widely employed as a useful modality for small animals in pre-clinical researches. However, it is difficult to observe a site deep inside a body because of a short penetration depth of light. A photo-acoustic effect is a generation of a sound wave following light absorption. Because the sound wave is less susceptible to the absorption of tissues, an in vivo imaging method based on the photoacoustic effect can observe deep inside a living body. The current study developed an in vivo imaging agent for a photoacoustic imaging method. Nano-particles of poly(lactic acid) including indocyanine dye were developed as bio-compatible imaging agent with strong light absorption. A tumor site inside a mouse body was successfully observed in a photo-acoustic image. A photo-acoustic imaging with polymer nano-particle agent would be a powerful method to visualize a tumor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-particle" title="nano-particle">nano-particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-acoustic%20effect" title=" photo-acoustic effect"> photo-acoustic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title=" polymer"> polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye" title=" dye"> dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo%20imaging" title=" in vivo imaging"> in vivo imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101895/development-of-polymer-nano-particles-as-in-vivo-imaging-agents-for-photo-acoustic-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Benzpyrimoxan: An Insecticide for the Control of Rice Plant Hoppers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Satoh">E. Satoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Kasahara"> R. Kasahara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Aoki"> T. Aoki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Fukatsu"> K. Fukatsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Venkata%20Ramanarao"> D. Venkata Ramanarao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Harayama"> H. Harayama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Murata"> T. Murata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Suwa"> A. Suwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice plant hoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) have been causing extensive economic damage in rice and are considered as serious threat in rice producing countries of Asia. They have developed resistance to major groups of chemical insecticide, and severe outbreaks occur commonly throughout Asia. To control these nuisance pests, Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., recently discovered an insecticide, benzpyrimoxan (proposed ISO name), which is under development as NNI-1501 (development code). Benzpyrimoxan has a unique chemical structure which contains benzyloxy and cyclic acetal groups on pyrimidine moiety (5-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-[4- (trifluoromethyl)benzyloxy]pyrimidine). In order to clarify the biological properties of benzpyrimoxan, we conducted several experiments and found the following results. Benzpyrimoxan has high activity against nymphal stages of rice plant hoppers without any adulticidal activity. It provides excellent and long lasting control against rice plant hoppers, including populations that have developed resistance to several other chemical groups of insecticide. The study on its mode of action is undergoing. These features highlight the versatility of this insecticide as an effective and valuable tool from the viewpoints of insecticide resistance management and integrated pest management program. With the use of benzpyrimoxan, farmers shall be able to lead the best yield potential by keeping the population density of rice plant hoppers and associated virus diseases under control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetal" title="acetal">acetal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzpyrimoxan" title=" benzpyrimoxan"> benzpyrimoxan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecticide" title=" insecticide"> insecticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NNI-1501" title=" NNI-1501"> NNI-1501</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrimidine" title=" pyrimidine"> pyrimidine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20plant%20hoppers" title=" rice plant hoppers"> rice plant hoppers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63842/benzpyrimoxan-an-insecticide-for-the-control-of-rice-plant-hoppers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Segmental Dynamics of Poly(Alkyl Methacrylate) Chain in Ultra-Thin Spin-Cast Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Aoki">Hiroyuki Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymeric materials are often used in a form of thin film such as food wrap and surface coating. In such the applications, polymer films thinner than 100 nm have been often used. The thickness of such the ultra-thin film is less than the unperturbed size of a polymer chain; therefore, the polymer chain in an ultra-thin film is strongly constrained. However, the details on the constrained dynamics of polymer molecules in ultra-thin films are still unclear. In the current study, the segmental dynamics of single polymer chain was directly investigated by fluorescence microscopy. The individual chains of poly(alkyl methacrylate) labeled by a perylenediimide dye molecule were observed by a highly sensitive fluorescence microscope in a defocus condition. The translational and rotational diffusion of the center segment in a single polymer chain was directly analyzed. The segmental motion in a thin film with a thickness of 10 nm was found to be suppressed compared to that in a bulk state. The detailed analysis of the molecular motion revealed that the diffusion rate of the in-plane rotation was similar to the thin film and the bulk; on the other hand, the out-of-plane motion was restricted in a thin film. This result indicates that the spatial restriction in an ultra-thin film thinner than the unperturbed chain dimension alters the dynamics of individual molecules in a polymer system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20materials" title="polymer materials">polymer materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20molecule" title=" single molecule"> single molecule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20motion" title=" molecular motion"> molecular motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence%20microscopy" title=" fluorescence microscopy"> fluorescence microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super-resolution%20techniques" title=" super-resolution techniques"> super-resolution techniques</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73362/segmental-dynamics-of-polyalkyl-methacrylate-chain-in-ultra-thin-spin-cast-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles Confined in Graphene Oxide Framework as Nano Catalyst with Improved Activity and Recyclability in Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thuy%20Phuong%20Nhat%20Tran">Thuy Phuong Nhat Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashutosh%20Thakur"> Ashutosh Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Taniike"> Toshiaki Taniike</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, covalently linked graphene oxide frameworks (GOFs) have attracted considerable attention in gas absorbance and water purification as well-defined microporous materials. In spite of their potential advantages such as a controllable pore dimension, adjustable hydrophobicity, and structural stability, these materials have been scarcely employed in heterogeneous catalysis. Here we demonstrate a novel and facile method to synthesize Pd nanoparticles (NPs) confined in a GOF (Pd@GOF). The GOF with uniform interlayer space was obtained by the intercalation of diboronic acid between graphene oxide layers. It was found that Pd NPs were generated inside the graphitic gallery spaces of the GOF, and thus, formed Pd NPs were well-dispersed with a narrow particle size distribution. The synthesized Pd@GOF emerged as an efficient nanocatalyst based on its superior performance (product yield and recyclability) toward Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in both polar and apolar solvents, which has been hardly observed for previously reported graphene-based Pd nanocatalysts. Furthermore, the rational comparison of the catalytic performance between two kinds of Pd@GOF (Pd NPs encapsulated in a diboronic ester-intercalated GOF and in a monoboronic ester-intercalated GOF) firmly confirmed the essential role of a rigid framework design in the stabilization of Pd NPs. Based on these results, the covalently assembled GOF was proposed as a promising scaffold for hosting noble metal NPs to construct desired metal@GOF nanocatalysts with improved activity and durability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide%20framework" title="graphene oxide framework">graphene oxide framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palladium%20nanocatalyst" title=" palladium nanocatalyst"> palladium nanocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pore%20confinement" title=" pore confinement"> pore confinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzuki-Miyaura%20cross-coupling%20reaction" title=" Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction"> Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90733/synthesis-of-pd-nanoparticles-confined-in-graphene-oxide-framework-as-nano-catalyst-with-improved-activity-and-recyclability-in-suzuki-miyaura-cross-coupling-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Effects of Forest Bathing on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Parameters in Middle-Aged Males</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qing%20Li">Qing Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maiko%20Kobayashi"> Maiko Kobayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyoshi%20Kumeda"> Shigeyoshi Kumeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroko%20Ochiai"> Hiroko Ochiai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiya%20Ochiai"> Toshiya Ochiai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Miura"> Takashi Miura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahide%20Kagawa"> Takahide Kagawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michiko%20Imai"> Michiko Imai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Otsuka"> Toshiaki Otsuka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoyuki%20Kawada"> Tomoyuki Kawada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, we investigated the effects of a forest bathing program on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. Nineteen healthy male subjects (mean age: 51.3 ± 8.8 years) were selected after obtaining informed consent. These subjects took day trips to a forest park named Akasawa Shizen Kyuyourin, Agematsu, Nagano Prefecture (situated in central Japan), and to an urban area of Nagano Prefecture as a control in August 2015. On both trips, they walked 2.6 km for 80 min each in the morning and afternoon on Saturdays. Blood and urine were sampled in the morning before and after each trip. Cardiovascular and metabolic parameters were measured. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured by an ambulatory automatic blood pressure monitor. The Japanese version of the profile of mood states (POMS) test was conducted before, during and after the trips. Ambient temperature and humidity were monitoring during the trips. The forest bathing program significantly reduced pulse rate, and significantly increased the score for vigor and decreased the scores for depression, fatigue, and confusion in the POMS test. The levels of urinary noradrenaline and dopamine after forest bathing were significantly lower than those after urban area walking, suggesting the relaxing effect of the forest bathing program. The level of adiponectin in serum after the forest bathing program was significantly greater than that after urban area walking. There was no significant difference in blood pressure between forest and urban area trips during the trips. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambient%20temperature" title="ambient temperature">ambient temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title=" blood pressure"> blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20bathing" title=" forest bathing"> forest bathing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20therapy" title=" forest therapy"> forest therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20health" title=" human health"> human health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=POMS" title=" POMS"> POMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20rate" title=" pulse rate"> pulse rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37890/effects-of-forest-bathing-on-cardiovascular-and-metabolic-parameters-in-middle-aged-males" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Generation Mechanism of Opto-Acoustic Wave from in vivo Imaging Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Aoki">Hiroyuki Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The optoacoustic effect is the energy conversion phenomenon from light to sound. In recent years, this optoacoustic effect has been utilized for an imaging agent to visualize a tumor site in a living body. The optoacoustic imaging agent absorbs the light and emits the sound signal. The sound wave can propagate in a living organism with a small energy loss; therefore, the optoacoustic imaging method enables the molecular imaging of the deep inside of the body. In order to improve the imaging quality of the optoacoustic method, the more signal intensity is desired; however, it has been difficult to enhance the signal intensity of the optoacoustic imaging agent because the fundamental mechanism of the signal generation is unclear. This study deals with the mechanism to generate the sound wave signal from the optoacoustic imaging agent following the light absorption by experimental and theoretical approaches. The optoacoustic signal efficiency for the nano-particles consisting of metal and polymer were compared, and it was found that the polymer particle was better. The heat generation and transfer process for optoacoustic agents of metal and polymer were theoretically examined. It was found that heat generated in the metal particle rapidly transferred to the water medium, whereas the heat in the polymer particle was confined in itself. The confined heat in the small particle induces the massive volume expansion, resulting in the large optoacoustic signal for the polymeric particle agent. Thus, we showed that heat confinement is a crucial factor in designing the highly efficient optoacoustic imaging agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-particle" title="nano-particle">nano-particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opto-acoustic%20effect" title=" opto-acoustic effect"> opto-acoustic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo%20imaging" title=" in vivo imaging"> in vivo imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20imaging" title=" molecular imaging"> molecular imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114196/generation-mechanism-of-opto-acoustic-wave-from-in-vivo-imaging-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Synthesis of TiO₂/Graphene Nanocomposites with Excellent Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity Based on Chemical Exfoliation Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nhan%20N.%20T.%20Ton">Nhan N. T. Ton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anh%20T.%20N.%20Dao"> Anh T. N. Dao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kouichirou%20Katou"> Kouichirou Katou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Taniike"> Toshiaki Taniike</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Facile electron-hole recombination and the broad band gap are two major drawbacks of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) when applied in visible-light photocatalysis. Hybridization of TiO₂ with graphene is a promising strategy to lessen these pitfalls. Recently, there have been many reports on the synthesis of TiO₂/graphene nanocomposites, in most of which graphene oxide (GO) was used as a starting material. However, the reduction of GO introduced a large number of defects on the graphene framework. In addition, the sensitivity of titanium alkoxide to water (GO usually contains) significantly obstructs the uniform and controlled growth of TiO₂ on graphene. Here, we demonstrate a novel technique to synthesize TiO₂/graphene nanocomposites without the use of GO. Graphene dispersion was obtained through the chemical exfoliation of graphite in titanium tetra-n-butoxide with the aid of ultrasonication. The dispersion was directly used for the sol-gel reaction in the presence of different catalysts. A TiO₂/reduced graphene oxide (TiO₂/rGO) nanocomposite, which was prepared by a solvothermal method from GO, and the commercial TiO₂-P25 were used as references. It was found that titanium alkoxide afforded the graphene dispersion of a high quality in terms of a trace amount of defects and a few layers of dispersed graphene. Moreover, the sol-gel reaction from this dispersion led to TiO₂/graphene nanocomposites featured with promising characteristics for visible-light photocatalysts including: (I) the formation of a TiO₂ nano layer (thickness ranging from 1 nm to 5 nm) that uniformly and thinly covered graphene sheets, (II) a trace amount of defects on the graphene framework (low ID/IG ratio: 0.21), (III) a significant extension of the absorption edge into the visible light region (a remarkable extension of the absorption edge to 578 nm beside the usual edge at 360 nm), and (IV) a dramatic suppression of electron-hole recombination (the lowest photoluminescence intensity compared to reference samples). These advantages were successfully demonstrated in the photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The TiO₂/graphene nanocomposites exhibited 15 and 5 times higher activity than TiO₂-P25 and the TiO₂/rGO nanocomposite, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20exfoliation" title="chemical exfoliation">chemical exfoliation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalyst" title=" photocatalyst"> photocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82%2Fgraphene" title=" TiO₂/graphene"> TiO₂/graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20reaction" title=" sol-gel reaction"> sol-gel reaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90752/synthesis-of-tio2graphene-nanocomposites-with-excellent-visible-light-photocatalytic-activity-based-on-chemical-exfoliation-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Development and Evaluation of Virtual Basketball Game Using Motion Capture Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shunsuke%20Aoki">Shunsuke Aoki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taku%20Ri"> Taku Ri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatsuya%20Yamazaki"> Tatsuya Yamazaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> These days, along with the development of e-sports, video games as a competitive sport is attracting attention. But, in many cases, action in the screen does not match the real motion of operation. Inclusiveness of player motion is needed to increase reality and excitement for sports games. Therefore, in this study, the authors propose a method to recognize player motion by using the motion capture technology and develop a virtual basketball game. The virtual basketball game consists of a screen with nine targets, players, depth sensors, and no ball. The players pretend a two-handed basketball shot without a ball aiming at one of the nine targets on the screen. Time-series data of three-dimensional coordinates of player joints are captured by the depth sensor. 20 joints data are measured for each player to estimate the shooting motion in real-time. The trajectory of the thrown virtual ball is calculated based on the time-series data and hitting on the target is judged as success or failure. The virtual basketball game can be played by 2 to 4 players as a competitive game among the players. The developed game was exhibited to the public for evaluation on the authors' university open campus days. 339 visitors participated in the exhibition and enjoyed the virtual basketball game over the two days. A questionnaire survey on the developed game was conducted for the visitors who experienced the game. As a result of the survey, about 97.3% of the players found the game interesting regardless of whether they had experienced actual basketball before or not. In addition, it is found that women are easy to comfort for shooting motion. The virtual game with motion capture technology has the potential to become a universal entertainment between e-sports and actual sports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basketball" title="basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20capture" title=" motion capture"> motion capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire%20survey" title=" questionnaire survey"> questionnaire survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20ga" title=" video ga"> video ga</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108335/development-and-evaluation-of-virtual-basketball-game-using-motion-capture-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Structural Analysis of Polymer Thin Films at Single Macromolecule Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Aoki">Hiroyuki Aoki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toru%20Asada"> Toru Asada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomomi%20Tanii"> Tomomi Tanii</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The properties of a spin-cast film of a polymer material are different from those in the bulk material because the polymer chains are frozen in an un-equilibrium state due to the rapid evaporation of the solvent. However, there has been little information on the un-equilibrated conformation and dynamics in a spin-cast film at the single chain level. The real-space observation of individual chains would provide direct information to discuss the morphology and dynamics of single polymer chains. The recent development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy methods allows the conformational analysis of single polymer chain. In the current study, the conformation of a polymer chain in a spin-cast film by the super-resolution microscopy. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with the molecular weight of 2.2 x 10^6 was spin-cast onto a glass substrate from toluene and chloroform. For the super-resolution fluorescence imaging, a small amount of the PMMA labeled by rhodamine spiroamide dye was added. The radius of gyration (Rg) was evaluated from the super-resolution fluorescence image of each PMMA chain. The mean-square-root of Rg was 48.7 and 54.0 nm in the spin-cast films prepared from the toluene and chloroform solutions, respectively. On the other hand, the chain dimension in a bulk state (a thermally annealed 10- μm-thick sample) was observed to be 43.1 nm. This indicates that the PMMA chain in the spin-cast film takes an expanded conformation compared to the unperturbed chain and that the chain dimension is dependent on the solvent quality. In a good solvent, the PMMA chain has an expanded conformation by the excluded volume effect. The polymer chain is frozen before the relaxation from an un-equilibrated expanded conformation to an unperturbed one by the rapid solvent evaporation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chain%20conformation" title="chain conformation">chain conformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20thin%20film" title=" polymer thin film"> polymer thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin-coating" title=" spin-coating"> spin-coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super-resolution%20optical%20microscopy" title=" super-resolution optical microscopy"> super-resolution optical microscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41961/structural-analysis-of-polymer-thin-films-at-single-macromolecule-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Controlling Shape and Position of Silicon Micro-nanorolls Fabricated using Fine Bubbles during Anodization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yodai%20Ashikubo">Yodai Ashikubo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Suzuki"> Toshiaki Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satoshi%20Kouya"> Satoshi Kouya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitsuya%20Motohashi"> Mitsuya Motohashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Functional microstructures such as wires, fins, needles, and rolls are currently being applied to variety of high-performance devices. Under these conditions, a roll structure (silicon micro-nanoroll) was formed on the surface of the silicon substrate via fine bubbles during anodization using an extremely diluted hydrofluoric acid (HF + H₂O). The as-formed roll had a microscale length and width of approximately 1 µm. The number of rolls was 3-10 times and the thickness of the film forming the rolls was about 10 nm. Thus, it is promising for applications as a distinct device material. These rolls functioned as capsules and/or pipelines. To date, number of rolls and roll length have been controlled by anodization conditions. In general, controlling the position and roll winding state is required for device applications. However, it has not been discussed. Grooves formed on silicon surface before anodization might be useful control the bubbles. In this study, we investigated the effect of the grooves on the position and shape of the roll. The surfaces of the silicon wafers were anodized. The starting material was p-type (100) single-crystalline silicon wafers. The resistivity of the wafer is 5-20 ∙ cm. Grooves were formed on the surface of the substrate before anodization using sandpaper and diamond pen. The average width and depth of the grooves were approximately 1 µm and 0.1 µm, respectively. The HF concentration {HF/ (HF + C₂H5OH + H₂O)} was 0.001 % by volume. The C2H5OH concentration {C₂H5OH/ (HF + C₂H5OH + H₂O)} was 70 %. A vertical single-tank cell and Pt cathode were used for anodization. The silicon roll was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; JSM-7100, JEOL). The atomic bonding state of the rolls was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; ESCA-3400, Shimadzu). For straight groove, the rolls were formed along the groove. This indicates that the orientation of the rolls can be controlled by the grooves. For lattice-like groove, the rolls formed inside the lattice and along the long sides. In other words, the aspect ratio of the lattice is very important for the roll formation. In addition, many rolls were formed and winding states were not uniform when the lattice size is too large. On the other hand, no rolls were formed for small lattice. These results indicate that there is the optimal size of lattice for roll formation. In the future, we are planning on formation of rolls using groove formed by lithography technique instead of sandpaper and the pen. Furthermore, the rolls included nanoparticles will be formed for nanodevices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20roll" title="silicon roll">silicon roll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodization" title=" anodization"> anodization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20bubble" title=" fine bubble"> fine bubble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192444/controlling-shape-and-position-of-silicon-micro-nanorolls-fabricated-using-fine-bubbles-during-anodization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Enhancement Effect of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based MRI Contrast Agent at Different Concentrations and Magnetic Field Strengths</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bimali%20Sanjeevani%20Weerakoon">Bimali Sanjeevani Weerakoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Osuga"> Toshiaki Osuga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takehisa%20Konishi"> Takehisa Konishi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents (MRI-CM) are significant in the clinical and biological imaging as they have the ability to alter the normal tissue contrast, thereby affecting the signal intensity to enhance the visibility and detectability of images. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, coated with dextran or carboxydextran are currently available for clinical MR imaging of the liver. Most SPIO contrast agents are T2 shortening agents and Resovist (Ferucarbotran) is one of a clinically tested, organ-specific, SPIO agent which has a low molecular carboxydextran coating. The enhancement effect of Resovist depends on its relaxivity which in turn depends on factors like magnetic field strength, concentrations, nanoparticle properties, pH and temperature. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of field strength and different contrast concentrations on enhancement effects of Resovist. The study explored the MRI signal intensity of Resovist in the physiological range of plasma from T2-weighted spin echo sequence at three magnetic field strengths: 0.47 T (r1=15, r2=101), 1.5 T (r1=7.4, r2=95), and 3 T (r1=3.3, r2=160) and the range of contrast concentrations by a mathematical simulation. Relaxivities of r1 and r2 (L mmol-1 Sec-1) were obtained from a previous study and the selected concentrations were 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mmol/L. T2-weighted images were simulated using TR/TE ratio as 2000 ms /100 ms. According to the reference literature, with increasing magnetic field strengths, the r1 relaxivity tends to decrease while the r2 did not show any systematic relationship with the selected field strengths. In parallel, this study results revealed that the signal intensity of Resovist at lower concentrations tends to increase than the higher concentrations. The highest reported signal intensity was observed in the low field strength of 0.47 T. The maximum signal intensities for 0.47 T, 1.5 T and 3 T were found at the concentration levels of 0.05, 0.06 and 0.05 mmol/L, respectively. Furthermore, it was revealed that, the concentrations higher than the above, the signal intensity was decreased exponentially. An inverse relationship can be found between the field strength and T2 relaxation time, whereas, the field strength was increased, T2 relaxation time was decreased accordingly. However, resulted T2 relaxation time was not significantly different between 0.47 T and 1.5 T in this study. Moreover, a linear correlation of transverse relaxation rates (1/T2, s–1) with the concentrations of Resovist can be observed. According to these results, it can conclude that the concentration of SPIO nanoparticle contrast agents and the field strengths of MRI are two important parameters which can affect the signal intensity of T2-weighted SE sequence. Therefore, when MR imaging those two parameters should be considered prudently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Concentration" title="Concentration">Concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resovist" title=" resovist"> resovist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20strength" title=" field strength"> field strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxivity" title=" relaxivity"> relaxivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20intensity" title=" signal intensity"> signal intensity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37638/enhancement-effect-of-superparamagnetic-iron-oxide-nanoparticle-based-mri-contrast-agent-at-different-concentrations-and-magnetic-field-strengths" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Reflections on the Trajectory of an Online Literature Cafe through Its Music and Arts Activities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariko%20Hara">Mariko Hara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mari%20Aoki"> Mari Aoki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takako%20Ito"> Takako Ito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masao%20Sugita"> Masao Sugita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 crisis had a severe impact on music and art practices based in community settings. They had to re-think how to connect with their dispersed community using online tools. As the social distancing continues, there is an urgent need to investigate the possibilities of online community music and art practices. Are they sustainable actions that can have positive impacts on the community and the quality of lives of people over time? The Online Lindgren Café (hereafter ‘OLC’) is a monthly online literature event which started in June 2020. In the OLC, up to 14 members meet online to discuss the works of Astrid Lindgren and similar authors. Members come from various places in Japan and Norway, with a variety of expertise from music therapy, music education, psychotherapy, music sociology, storytelling, and theatre, and their family members join them. In these meetings, music and arts activities emerged in response to interests among the members. The resources and experiences of the members helped to develop these activities further. This paper first introduces one of the music and art activities in one specific event, a collaborative picture book-making with music, which was initiated and led by the second author. The third author chose the music, and the activity itself was recorded. This is followed by the description of a reflecting event, where the recording of the collaborative picture book-making activity was shared to facilitate further creations (drawings, haiku, and fabric weaving) as well as group reflections on the trajectories of the Online Lindgren Café. Finally, we will discuss the preliminary findings using the data collected at the reflecting event. Key findings suggest that the resource-driven approach of the OLC leveled the relationships among the intergenerational, multi-cultural, and interdisciplinary members. This enabled the members to set aside their professional and/or predominant identities, which allowed them to discover their own and others’ resources. The relaxed, unstructured, and liminal phenomenon at OLC can be regarded as a form of communitas, where members gain a sense of liberation and belonging in a different way from in-person communications. Participation from one’s home, as well as a video conferencing function that allowed the members to position themselves among the other participants in equal-sized windows, seems to have enabled members to feel safe to express themselves openly at the same time feel a sense of belonging. Furthermore, in the OLC, music and arts activities acted to inclusively connect and re-connect dispersed, intergenerational members with each other. For instance, in a music and drawing activity, music acted as a means for each member to engage in their own ‘drawing space’ while still feeling connected with the others. The positive experiences from these activities inspired the members to use similar approaches outside of the OLC. The finding suggests that, because of its resource-driven approach supported by the music and arts activities, the OLC could be developed further as a permeable and sustainable action even after any current social distancing measures are lifted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communitas" title="communitas">communitas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musical%20affordances" title=" musical affordances"> musical affordances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20community%20of%20practices" title=" online community of practices"> online community of practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource-driven%20approach" title=" resource-driven approach"> resource-driven approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135021/reflections-on-the-trajectory-of-an-online-literature-cafe-through-its-music-and-arts-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> 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