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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playback" title="Playback – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Playback" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Overdubbing" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdub" title="Overdub – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Overdub" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Overdubbing" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re-recording" title="Re-recording – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Re-recording" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%B2%84%EB%8D%94%EB%B9%99" title="오버더빙 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오버더빙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulih_timpa" title="Sulih timpa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sulih timpa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovraincisione" title="Sovraincisione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sovraincisione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8-%D7%93%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="אובר-דאבינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אובר-דאבינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="オーバー・ダビング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーバー・ダビング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Overdubbing" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Overdubbing" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Overdubbing" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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#36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Overdubbing" title="Special:EditPage/Overdubbing">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Overdubbing%22">"Overdubbing"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Overdubbing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Overdubbing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Overdubbing%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Overdubbing%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Overdubbing%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Overdubbing</b> (also known as <b>layering</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a technique used in audio recording in which audio <a href="/wiki/Music_track" class="mw-redirect" title="Music track">tracks</a> that have been pre-recorded are then played back and monitored, while simultaneously recording new, doubled, or augmented tracks onto one or more available tracks of a <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">digital audio workstation</a> (DAW) or <a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">tape recorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overdub process can be repeated multiple times. This technique is often used with singers, as well as with instruments, or ensembles/orchestras. Overdubbing is typically done for the purpose of adding richness and complexity to the original recording. For example, if there are only one or two artists involved in the recording process, overdubbing can give the effect of sounding like many performers.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In vocal performances, the performer usually listens to an existing recorded performance (usually through <a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">headphones</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Recording_studio" title="Recording studio">recording studio</a>) and simultaneously plays a new performance along with it, which is also recorded. The intention is that the final <a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)" title="Audio mixing (recorded music)">mix</a> will contain a combination of these "<a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(music)" title="Dubbing (music)">dubs</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-bartlett_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bartlett-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another kind of overdubbing is the so called "<a href="/wiki/Multitrack_recording" title="Multitrack recording">tracking</a>" (or "laying the basic tracks"), where tracks containing the <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">rhythm section</a> (usually including drums) are recorded first, then following up with overdubs (solo instruments, such as <a href="/wiki/Musical_keyboard" title="Musical keyboard">keyboards</a> or <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>, then finally vocals). This method has been the standard technique for recording <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> since the early 1960s. Today, overdubbing can be accomplished even on basic recording equipment, or a typical <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PC</a> equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Sound_card" title="Sound card">sound card</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bartlett_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bartlett-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">digital audio workstation</a> software. </p><p>Because the process of overdubbing involves working with pre-recorded material, the performers involved do not have to ever have physically met each other, nor even still be alive. In 1991, decades after her father <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a> had died, <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> released a "<a href="/wiki/Duet#Virtual_duets" title="Duet">virtual duet</a>" recording of "<a href="/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_song)#Natalie_and_Nat_King_Cole_version" title="Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)">Unforgettable</a>" where she overdubbed her vocals onto her father's original recording from the 1960s. As there is no limit in timespan with overdubbing, there is likewise no limit in distance, nor in the number of overdubbed layers. Perhaps the most wide-reaching collaborative overdub recording was accomplished by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Whitacre" title="Eric Whitacre">Eric Whitacre</a> in 2013, where he edited together a "<a href="/wiki/Eric_Whitacre#Virtual_Choir" title="Eric Whitacre">Virtual Choir</a>" of 8,409 audio tracks from 5,905 people from 101 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overdubbing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perhaps the earliest commercial issue of recordings with overdubs was by <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a> in the late 1920s, not long after the introduction of electric <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphones</a> into the recording studio. Recordings by the late <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a> still sold well, so RCA took some of his early records made with only piano accompaniment, added a studio orchestra, and reissued the recordings.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A foreshadow of overdubbing can be seen with <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Bechet" title="Sidney Bechet">Sidney Bechet</a>, an American jazz musician who made a pair of famous overdubbed sides in 1941 entitled "<a href="/wiki/The_Sheik_of_Araby" title="The Sheik of Araby">The Sheik of Araby</a>" and "Blues of Bechet". The multi-instrumentalist recorded the clarinet, soprano, tenor saxophone, piano and the bass and drum parts for both songs, and then he recorded each track separately on top of one another to create two single tracks. The recordings were then issued as "Sidney Bechet's One Man Band".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1946 <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> animated film <i><a href="/wiki/Make_Mine_Music" title="Make Mine Music">Make Mine Music</a></i> includes overdubbed duo and trio performances by <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Eddy" title="Nelson Eddy">Nelson Eddy</a> as an opera singing whale.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1950 Disney film <i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1950_film)" title="Cinderella (1950 film)">Cinderella</a></i> used multiple tracks for vocals for the song "Oh, Sing Sweet Nightingale". </p><p>In 1948, experiments mixing sound effects and musical instruments made by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Pierre Schaeffer</a> at the Radio Télédiffusion Française experimental studio in Paris led to <i>Étude aux Tourniquets</i>, the first avant-garde composition using recording as a composition technique, recorded, and mixed directly on <a href="/wiki/Acetate_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetate record">acetate records</a> as tape recorders were not yet available. Similar <a href="/wiki/Sound_collage" title="Sound collage">sound collage</a> experiments had been made by <a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Edgard Varèse</a> in the 1920s, but Varèse, also a French composer, wrote scores later played live by musicians. As from 1949, Schaeffer composed and recorded on acetates with <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Henry" title="Pierre Henry">Pierre Henry</a> (<i>Symphonie pour un homme seul</i>, 1950), who also recorded with Varèse in 1954. Together, they used some of the earliest tape recorders available in the early 1950s. </p><p>The invention of <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tape</a> opened up new possibilities for overdubbing, particularly with the development of <a href="/wiki/Multitrack_recording" title="Multitrack recording">multitrack recording</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sel-Sync" title="Sel-Sync">sel-sync</a>. One of the first known commercially released overdubbed recordings was "Confess" for <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury Records</a> by <a href="/wiki/Patti_Page" title="Patti Page">Patti Page</a> in 1948, although this overdubbing was done with acetate. With the popularity of this recording, Page recorded "With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming" using the same overdubbing technique.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vocals were listed as "Voices by: Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul">Les Paul</a> was an early innovator of overdubbing, and began to experiment with it around 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-zager_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zager-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 213">: 213 </span></sup> He originally created multi-track recordings by using a modified <a href="/wiki/Disc_cutting_lathe" title="Disc cutting lathe">disk lathe</a> to record several generations of sound on a single disk,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before later using tape technology, having been given one of the first <a href="/wiki/Ampex" title="Ampex">Ampex</a> 300 series tape recorders as a gift from <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His 1950 #1 hit, "<a href="/wiki/How_High_The_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="How High The Moon">How High The Moon</a>", performed with his then-wife <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ford" title="Mary Ford">Mary Ford</a>, featured a then-significant amount of overdubbing, along with other studio techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Flanging" title="Flanging">flanging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delay_(audio_effect)" title="Delay (audio effect)">delay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phasing" class="mw-redirect" title="Phasing">phasing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Varispeed" class="mw-redirect" title="Varispeed">vari-speed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zager_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zager-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xxii–xxiii">: xxii–xxiii </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les Paul's advancements in recording were seen in the adoption of his techniques by artists like <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a>. In 1958, Holly released "<a href="/wiki/Words_of_Love" title="Words of Love">Words of Love</a>" and "Listen to Me", which were composed with overdubbing for added instrumentation and harmonies.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> performed multiple voices on "Mock <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>", in a recording produced by <a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">Abbey Road Studios</a> had no multitrack recorders at the time, so a pair of mono machines were used. Martin used the same process later for a <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a> comedy record, this time using stereo machines and <a href="/wiki/Panning_(audio)" title="Panning (audio)">panning</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ross_Bagdasarian" title="Ross Bagdasarian">Ross Bagdasarian</a>, also known as David Seville, combined overdubbing with tape speed manipulation to create "<a href="/wiki/The_Chipmunk_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chipmunk Song">The Chipmunk Song</a>," performing the voices of all three Chipmunks, Alvin, Simon, and Theodore, recorded to a half-normal-speed playback of the instrumental backup; and conversing with the singing rodents in his own voice, recorded at full speed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overdubbing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Overdubs can be made for a variety of reasons. One of the most obvious is for convenience; for example, if a <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bass guitarist</a> were temporarily unavailable, the recording can be made and the bass track added later. Similarly, if only one or two guitarists are available, but a song calls for multiple guitar parts, a guitarist can play both lead and rhythm <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>. Overdubbing is also used to solidify a weak singer; <a href="/wiki/Doubletracking" class="mw-redirect" title="Doubletracking">double tracking</a> allows a singer with poor intonation to sound more in tune. (The opposite of this is often used with <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampled instruments</a>; detuning the sample slightly can make the sound more lifelike.) The effect is used to give one singer a fuller sound. They would effectively <a href="/wiki/Harmonization" title="Harmonization">harmonize</a> with their own vocals, like a <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choir</a> but with just one voice. </p><p>Overdubbing has sometimes been viewed negatively, when it is seen as being used to artificially enhance the musical skills of an artist or group, such as with studio-recorded inserts to live recordings, or backing tracks created by <a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">session musicians</a> instead of the credited performers. The early records of <a href="/wiki/The_Monkees" title="The Monkees">the Monkees</a> were made by groups of studio musicians pre-recording songs (often in a different studio, and some before the band was even formed), which were later overdubbed with the Monkees' vocals. While the songs became hits, this practice drew criticism. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nesmith" title="Michael Nesmith">Michael Nesmith</a> in particular disliked what overdubbing did to the integrity of the band's music.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, in working with producer <a href="/wiki/Butch_Vig" title="Butch Vig">Butch Vig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Cobain" title="Kurt Cobain">Kurt Cobain</a> had expressed a disdain for double-track recording. Vig had to reportedly convince Cobain to use the recording technique by saying, "The Beatles did it on everything. John Lennon loved the sound of his voice double-tracked."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2023 <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> put the concept of overdubbing in the spotlight by re-releasing an <i>underdubbed</i> version of the <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney_and_Wings" title="Paul McCartney and Wings">Paul McCartney and Wings</a> album <i><a href="/wiki/Band_on_the_Run" title="Band on the Run">Band on the Run</a></i>. The underdubbed tracks highlight the bare-bones nature of the album's original recordings made in the <a href="/wiki/EMI_Records" title="EMI Records">EMI Records</a> studio in Lagos, Nigeria before additional instruments were added in London.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paulinho_da_Costa" title="Paulinho da Costa">Paulinho da Costa</a>'s song "Ritmo Number One" from his 1977 album "<a href="/wiki/Agora_(Paulinho_da_Costa_album)" title="Agora (Paulinho da Costa album)">Agora</a>" uses a base track with <a href="/wiki/Surdo" title="Surdo">surdo</a> (big bass drum) and percussion, overdubbed with 8 percussion tracks (<a href="/wiki/Repique" class="mw-redirect" title="Repique">repique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandeiro" title="Pandeiro">pandeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conga" title="Conga">congas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamborim" title="Tamborim">tamborims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agog%C3%B4" title="Agogô">a-go-go</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cu%C3%ADca" title="Cuíca">cuíca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_tree" title="Bell tree">bell tree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reco-reco" title="Reco-reco">reco-reco</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overdubbing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMPEX" class="mw-redirect" title="AMPEX">AMPEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune">Auto-Tune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Dub (disambiguation)">Dub (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(music)" title="Dubbing (music)">Dubbing (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">Dubbing (filmmaking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multitrack_recording" title="Multitrack recording">Multitrack recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_in/out" title="Punch in/out">Punch in/out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">Recording studio as an instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_tracker" title="Music tracker">Music tracker</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overdubbing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audiohouse.ca/recording-process/">"Recording Process"</a>. Audio House<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recording+Process&rft.pub=Audio+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audiohouse.ca%2Frecording-process%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuber2010" class="citation book cs1">Huber, David (2010). <i>Modern Recording Techniques</i> (7th ed.). Elsevier Inc. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81069-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81069-0"><bdi>978-0-240-81069-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Recording+Techniques&rft.pages=31&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Elsevier+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-240-81069-0&rft.aulast=Huber&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5eFEgfRlig&t=50s">The Carpenters - Richard explains overdubbing</a> (YouTube, published Feb 11, 2011)<br />During a live concert by <a href="/wiki/The_Carpenters" title="The Carpenters">The Carpenters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Carpenter_(musician)" title="Richard Carpenter (musician)">Richard Carpenter</a> explains how his and his sister's voices are made to sound like many more voices by the technique of overdubbing. The band then gives a demonstration of layering voices.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bartlett-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bartlett_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bartlett_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce_Bartlett2013" class="citation book cs1">Bruce Bartlett (20 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/practicalrecordi0000bart/page/209"><i>Practical Recording Techniques: The Step- by- Step Approach to Professional Audio Recording</i></a>. CRC Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/practicalrecordi0000bart/page/209">209</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-12533-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-12533-1"><bdi>978-1-136-12533-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Recording+Techniques%3A+The+Step-+by-+Step+Approach+to+Professional+Audio+Recording&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2013-05-20&rft.isbn=978-1-136-12533-1&rft.au=Bruce+Bartlett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpracticalrecordi0000bart%2Fpage%2F209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8oDnUga0JU">"Eric Whitacre's Virtual Choir 4: Fly to Paradise"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Eric+Whitacre%27s+Virtual+Choir+4%3A+Fly+to+Paradise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DY8oDnUga0JU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1982" class="citation news cs1">Palmer, R (February 3, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/03/arts/the-pop-life-198983.html">"The Pop Life"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Pop+Life&rft.date=1982-02-03&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F02%2F03%2Farts%2Fthe-pop-life-198983.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rich, Sharon (2014). Sweethearts: The Timeless Love Story - On-Screen and Off - Between Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSylvester2003" class="citation journal cs1">Sylvester, B (May 30, 2003). "10 questions for patti page". <i>Goldmine</i>. <b>29</b>: 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Goldmine&rft.atitle=10+questions+for+patti+page&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=26&rft.date=2003-05-30&rft.aulast=Sylvester&rft.aufirst=B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zager-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zager_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zager_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Zager2011" class="citation book cs1">Michael Zager (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicproductionf0000zage"><i>Music Production: For Producers, Composers, Arrangers, and Students</i></a></span>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8202-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8202-7"><bdi>978-0-8108-8202-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+Production%3A+For+Producers%2C+Composers%2C+Arrangers%2C+and+Students&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-8202-7&rft.au=Michael+Zager&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmusicproductionf0000zage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Alice_Shaughnessy1993" class="citation book cs1">Mary Alice Shaughnessy (1993). <i>Les Paul: an American original</i>. W. Morrow. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-08467-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-08467-7"><bdi>978-0-688-08467-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Paul%3A+an+American+original&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=W.+Morrow&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-688-08467-7&rft.au=Mary+Alice+Shaughnessy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleveland2009" class="citation journal cs1">Cleveland, B (December 2009). "Les paul 1915–2009: Les paul's new sound". <i>Guitar Player</i> (43): 86–87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guitar+Player&rft.atitle=Les+paul+1915%E2%80%932009%3A+Les+paul%27s+new+sound&rft.issue=43&rft.pages=86-87&rft.date=2009-12&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.aufirst=B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1997" class="citation journal cs1">Johnston, R (April 1997). "Gearheads: Les paul". <i>Guitar Player</i>. <b>31</b>: 31–32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guitar+Player&rft.atitle=Gearheads%3A+Les+paul&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=31-32&rft.date=1997-04&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahl2008" class="citation journal cs1">Dahl, B (February 1, 2008). "The crickets are chirping". <i>Goldmine</i>. <b>34</b>: 20–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Goldmine&rft.atitle=The+crickets+are+chirping&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=20-21&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.aufirst=B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Sandoval2005" class="citation book cs1">Andrew Sandoval (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/monkeesdaybydays00andr/page/80"><i>The Monkees: The Day-by-Day Story of the 60s TV Pop Sensation</i></a></span>. Thunder Bay Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/monkeesdaybydays00andr/page/80">80</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59223-372-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-59223-372-4"><bdi>1-59223-372-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monkees%3A+The+Day-by-Day+Story+of+the+60s+TV+Pop+Sensation.&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Thunder+Bay+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59223-372-4&rft.au=Andrew+Sandoval&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmonkeesdaybydays00andr%2Fpage%2F80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFricke2001" class="citation news cs1">Fricke, D (September 13, 2001). "The tenth anniversary of nirvana's "nevermind": A guide to nirvana's bootlegs - vital episodes in kurt cobain's life". Rolling Stone Magazine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+tenth+anniversary+of+nirvana%27s+%22nevermind%22%3A+A+guide+to+nirvana%27s+bootlegs+-+vital+episodes+in+kurt+cobain%27s+life&rft.date=2001-09-13&rft.aulast=Fricke&rft.aufirst=D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPostelwait" class="citation web cs1">Postelwait, Cameron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sleepyjack.net/band-on-the-run-underdubbed-mix-review/">"Band On The Run – Underdubbed Mix Review"</a>. <i>SleepyJack</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SleepyJack&rft.atitle=Band+On+The+Run+%E2%80%93+Underdubbed+Mix+Review&rft.aulast=Postelwait&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsleepyjack.net%2Fband-on-the-run-underdubbed-mix-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOverdubbing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overdubbing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Modern Recording Techniques</i>, by David Miles Huber and Robert E. Runstein. October 1, 2009 0240810694</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overdubbing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overdub" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:overdub">overdub</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_production" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_filter" title="Audio filter">Audio filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastering_(audio)" title="Mastering (audio)">Audio mastering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)" title="Audio mixing (recorded music)">Audio mixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_distance" title="Critical distance">Critical distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_loop" title="Effects loop">Effects loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">Effects unit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talk_box" title="Talk box">Talk box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wah-wah_pedal" title="Wah-wah pedal">Wah-wah pedal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion_(acoustics)" title="Diffusion (acoustics)">Diffusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Overdubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_recording" title="Ping-pong recording">Ping-ponging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_in/out" title="Punch in/out">Punch in/out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound recording">Sound recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_loop" title="Tape loop">Tape loop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_signal_processing" title="Audio signal processing">Signal <br /> processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_time_stretching_and_pitch_scaling" title="Audio time stretching and pitch scaling">Pitch shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune">Auto-Tune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorus_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorus effect">Chorus effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_range_compression" title="Dynamic range compression">Compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delay_(audio_effect)" title="Delay (audio effect)">Delay effect</a> (<a href="/wiki/Send_tape_echo_echo_delay" title="Send tape echo echo delay">STEED</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_tracking" title="Double tracking">Double tracking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automatic_double_tracking" title="Automatic double tracking">ADT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducking" title="Ducking">Ducking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equalization_(audio)" title="Equalization (audio)">Equalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exciter_(effect)" title="Exciter (effect)">Exciter effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanging" title="Flanging">Flanging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octave_effect" title="Octave effect">Octave effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_gate" title="Noise gate">Noise gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaser_(effect)" title="Phaser (effect)">Phaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumping_(audio)" title="Pumping (audio)">Pumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverb_effect" title="Reverb effect">Reverb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_echo" title="Reverse echo">Reverse echo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Practices</li><li><br />aesthetics</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_music" title="Lo-fi music">Lo-fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overproduction_(music)" title="Overproduction (music)">Overproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">Recording studio as an instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenochrony" title="Xenochrony">Xenochrony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Roles</li><li><br /> professions</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">Arranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_band" title="Backup band">Backup band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandleader" title="Bandleader">Bandleader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ">DJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter#Music" title="Ghostwriter">Ghostwriters in music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestrator">Orchestrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">Session musician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Backup singer">Backup singer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost singer">Ghost singer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Click_track" title="Click track">Click track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpolation_(popular_music)" title="Interpolation (popular music)">Interpolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudness_war" title="Loudness war">Loudness war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medley_(music)" title="Medley (music)">Medley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electric)" title="Music technology (electric)">Music technology (electric)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electronic_and_digital)" title="Music technology (electronic and digital)">Music technology (electronic and digital)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix" title="Remix">Remix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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