CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>    <html lang="en-US">  <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />  <link rel="pingback" href="https://glossary.atis.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <title>ATIS Telecom Glossary</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ATIS Telecom Glossary » Feed" href="https://glossary.atis.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ATIS Telecom Glossary » Comments Feed" href="https://glossary.atis.org/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/glossary.atis.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cs-style-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/plugins/glossary-search-pagination/css/pagination.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-style-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/plugins/glossary/assets/css/jquery-ui.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='advertica-lite-ie-style-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/css/ie-style.css?ver=1.0.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='advertica-lite-ie-awesome-stylesheet-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/css/font-awesome-ie7.css?ver=1.0.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='advertica-lite-style-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-child/style.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='advertica-lite-animation-stylesheet-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/css/skt-animation.css?ver=1.0.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='advertica-lite-awesome-stylesheet-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=1.0.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='advertica-lite-superfish-stylesheet-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/css/superfish.css?ver=1.0.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='advertica-lite-bootstrap-stylesheet-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/css/bootstrap-responsive.css?ver=1.0.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='advertica-lite-googlefont-opensans-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A400%2C600%2C700%2C300&subset=latin%2Ccyrillic%2Clatin-ext%2Ccyrillic-ext%2Cvietnamese%2Cgreek-ext%2Cgreek&ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='parent-style-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/style.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-min-css-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-child/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='custom-CSS-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-child/css/custom.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='custom-mobile-CSS-css' href='https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-child/css/mobile.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="cs-custom-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var searchPagination = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/glossary.atis.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/plugins/glossary-search-pagination//js/custom-search.js?ver=6.7.2" id="cs-custom-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-child/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="bootstrap-min-js-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/9306" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://glossary.atis.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://glossary.atis.org/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://glossary.atis.org/' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglossary.atis.org%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglossary.atis.org%2F&format=xml" /> <style type="text/css"> /***************** THEME *****************/ a.skt-featured-icons,.service-icon{ background: #FFA500;} a.skt-featured-icons:after,.service-icon:after {border-top-color: #FFA500; } a.skt-featured-icons:before,.service-icon:before {border-bottom-color: #FFA500; } .continue a,.sticky-post { color : #FFA500; border-color:#FFA500 } #footer { border-color: #FFA500; } .social li a:hover{ background: #FFA500; } .social li a:hover:before{color:#fff; } a#backtop,#respond input[type="submit"]:hover,.skt-ctabox div.skt-ctabox-button a:hover,.widget_tag_cloud a:hover,.continue a:hover,blockquote,.skt-quote,#advertica-paginate .advertica-current,#advertica-paginate a:hover,.postformat-gallerydirection-nav li a:hover,#wp-calendar,.comments-template .reply a:hover,#content .contact-left form input[type="submit"]:hover,.skt-parallax-button:hover,.sktmenu-toggle { background-color: #FFA500; } .skt-ctabox div.skt-ctabox-button a,#portfolio-division-box .readmore,.teammember,.comments-template .reply a,#respond input[type="submit"],.slider-link a,.ske_tab_v ul.ske_tabs li.active,.ske_tab_h ul.ske_tabs li.active,#content .contact-left form input[type="submit"],.filter a,.skt-parallax-button,#advertica-paginate a:hover,#advertica-paginate .advertica-current,#content .contact-left form textarea:focus,#content .contact-left form input[type="text"]:focus, #content .contact-left form input[type="email"]:focus, #content .contact-left form input[type="url"]:focus, #content .contact-left form input[type="tel"]:focus, #content .contact-left form input[type="number"]:focus, #content .contact-left form input[type="range"]:focus, #content .contact-left form input[type="date"]:focus, #content .contact-left form input[type="file"]:focus { border-color:#FFA500; } .clients-items li a:hover { border-bottom-color:#FFA500; } a,.ske-footer-container ul li:hover:before,.ske-footer-container ul li:hover > a,.ske_widget ul ul li:hover:before,.ske_widget ul ul li:hover,.ske_widget ul ul li:hover a,.title a ,.skepost-meta a:hover,.post-tags a:hover,.entry-title a:hover ,.readmore a:hover,#Site-map .sitemap-rows ul li a:hover ,.childpages li a,#Site-map .sitemap-rows .title,.ske_widget a,.ske_widget a:hover,#Site-map .sitemap-rows ul li:hover,#footer .third_wrapper a:hover,.ske-title,#content .contact-left form input[type="submit"],.filter a,span.team_name,#respond input[type="submit"],.reply a, a.comment-edit-link,.skt_price_table .price_in_table .value, .teammember strong .team_name,#content .skt-service-page .one_third:hover .service-box-text h3,.ad-service:hover .service-box-text h3,.mid-box-mid .mid-box:hover .iconbox-content h4,.error-txt,.skt-ctabox .skt-ctabox-content h2,.reply a:hover, a.comment-edit-link:hover { color: #FFA500;text-decoration: none; } .single #content .title,#content .post-heading,.childpages li ,.fullwidth-heading,.comment-meta a:hover,#respond .required, #wp-calendar tbody a { color: #FFA500; } #skenav ul ul li a:hover { background-color: #FFA500; color:#fff; } *::-moz-selection { background: #FFA500; color:#fff; } ::selection { background: #FFA500; color:#fff; } #skenav ul li.current_page_item > a, #skenav ul li.current-menu-ancestor > a, #skenav ul li.current-menu-item > a, #skenav ul li.current-menu-parent > a { background-color:#FFA500; color:#fff; } .continue a:hover { border-color: #FFA500; } #searchform input[type="submit"]{ background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #FFA500; } .col-one .box .title, .col-two .box .title, .col-three .box .title, .col-four .box .title { color: #FFA500 !important; } .full-bg-breadimage-fixed {} #full-division-box { background-image: url("https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/images/Parallax_Section_Image.jpg"); } .full-bg-breadimage-fixed { background-image: url("https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/images/page-title-bg.jpg"); } .bread-title-holder .skt-breadcrumbs-separator,.bread-title-holder h1.title,.cont_nav_inner span,.bread-title-holder .cont_nav_inner p,.bread-title-holder .cont_nav_inner a{ color: #222222; } /***************** PAGINATE *****************/ #skenav li a:hover,#skenav .sfHover { background-color:#333333;color: #FFFFFF;} #skenav .sfHover a { color: #FFFFFF;} #skenav ul ul li { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #333333; color: #FFFFFF; } #skenav .ske-menu #menu-secondary-menu li a:hover, #skenav .ske-menu #menu-secondary-menu .current-menu-item a{color: #71C1F2; } .footer-seperator{background-color: rgba(0,0,0,.2);} #skenav .ske-menu #menu-secondary-menu li .sub-menu li { margin: 0; } @media only screen and (max-width : 1025px) { #menu-main { display:none; } #header .container { width:97%; } .skehead-headernav .logo { margin-bottom: 3px; /*margin-top: 12px;*/ position: relative; } .skehead-headernav.skehead-headernav-shrink .logo { margin-top: 1px; top: 6px; } } </style><style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/atis_site_logo-150x150.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/atis_site_logo-300x300.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/atis_site_logo-300x300.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/atis_site_logo-300x300.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .export-button { display: none; } </style> </head> <body class="home page-template page-template-template page-template-template-home page-template-templatetemplate-home-php page page-id-9306 front-page" > <div id="wrapper" class="skepage"> <div id="header" class="skehead-headernav clearfix"> <div class="glow"> <div id="skehead"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row-fluid">  <nav class="navbar navbar-default "> <div class="container-fluid">  <div id="logo" class="span4">  <div id="site-title" class="logo_desp"> <a href="https://www.atis.org/" title="ATIS Telecom Glossary"><img class="logo" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-child/images/atis-logo.png" alt="ATIS Telecom Glossary"> </a>  </div>  </div>  <div class="row mobile-row"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-7" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-7" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 1px;"> <ul style="list-style-type: none;" class="mobile-social-icon"> <li> <span class="social-link"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4tZWKb97vS7hJLtEDSNE-A" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube-square" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> <span class="social-link"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/atis" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> <span class="social-link"><a href="https://twitter.com/atisupdates" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter-square" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </li> </ul> <div class="main_menu_container"><ul id="menu-main_menu" class="main_menu nav navbar-nav"><li id="menu-item-9337" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9337"><a target="_blank" href="http://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/d.jsp?llr=pbs49nsab&p=oi&m=1119303485487&sit=qyd4qdijb&f=3c2356ce-d917-4950-92ac-e770e562a7dd">Get Updates</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9338" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9338"><a target="_blank" href="http://access.atis.org">ATIS Workspace</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="desk-hide"> <div class="sidebar_menu_container"><ul id="menu-sidebar_menu" class="sidebar_menu"><li id="menu-item-9324" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-9306 current_page_item menu-item-9324"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/" aria-current="page">Glossary Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9351" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9351"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/foreword/">Foreword</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9350" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9350"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/introduction/">Introduction</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9349" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9349"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/normative-references/">Normative References</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9348" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9348"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/using-the-atis-telecom/">Using the ATIS Telecom Glossary</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9399" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9399"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/annex-a-informative-references/">Annex A: Informative References</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav>  <div class="clearfix"></div>  </div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div class="header-clone"></div>  <div class="glsry-wp"> <div class="glsry-content"><span class="glsry-heading"><a class="gls-href" href="https://glossary.atis.org/">Glossary: </a></span> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=A">A</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=B">B</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=C">C</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=D">D</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=E">E</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=F">F</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=G">G</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=H">H</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=I">I</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=J">J</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=K">K</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=L">L</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=M">M</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=N">N</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=O">O</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=P">P</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=Q">Q</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=R">R</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=S">S</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=T">T</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=U">U</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=V">V</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=W">W</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=X">X</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=Y">Y</a> <a class="char" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=Z">Z</a> <span class="custom-numberic"><a class="number" style="padding: 0px 7px; width: auto" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=0-9">[0-9]</a></span> <span class="custom-numberic"><a class="number" style="padding: 0px 7px; width: auto" href="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results/?char=all">ALL</a></span> </div> <form method="get" id="searchform" class="search-form" action="https://glossary.atis.org/search-results"> <input type="text" class="form-control class2" value="" placeholder="Search" name="search" id="searchbox"/> <button type="submit" class="search-btn"></button>  </form> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div>  <div class="front-header-image" style="background:url(https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/images/advertica-header.jpg) center;"> <div class="banner-text">ATIS Telecom Glossary</div> <div class="advertica-image-post">  </div> </div> <div id="main" class="clearfix"> <div class="main-wrapper-item">   <div id="sidebar" class="left-side-menu-wp"> <div id="sidebar_2" class="ske_widget"> <div class="skepost-custom"> <div class="sidebar_menu_container"><ul id="menu-sidebar_menu-1" class="sidebar_menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-9306 current_page_item menu-item-9324"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/" aria-current="page">Glossary Home</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9351"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/foreword/">Foreword</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9350"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/introduction/">Introduction</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9349"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/normative-references/">Normative References</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9348"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/using-the-atis-telecom/">Using the ATIS Telecom Glossary</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9399"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org/annex-a-informative-references/">Annex A: Informative References</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div>  </div> <div id="content" class="right-side-content-wp"> <div class="breadcrumb"><a href="https://glossary.atis.org" rel="nofollow">Home</a></div> <p>The ATIS Telecom Glossary (ATIS-0100523.2019) is maintained by ATIS as an ICT industry resource of terms, definitions, and acronyms.</p> <h2 class="style1">A Word from ATIS</h2> <p>As a leading technology and solutions development organization, the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) brings together the top global ICT companies to advance the industry’s business priorities. ATIS’ 150 member companies are currently working to address IoT, 5G, robocall mitigation, Smart Cities, artificial intelligence-enabled networks, distributed ledger/blockchain technology, cybersecurity, emergency services, quality of service, billing support, operations, and much more. These priorities follow a fast-track development lifecycle – from design and innovation through standards, specifications, requirements, business use cases, software toolkits, open source solutions, and interoperability testing.</p> <p>ATIS is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ATIS is the North American Organizational Partner for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a founding Partner of the oneM2M global initiative, a member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), as well as a member of the Inter-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL). For more information, visit <a href="http://www.atis.org/">www.atis.org</a>. Follow ATIS on <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/atis/">LinkedIn</a>.</p> <hr /> <p>ATIS-0100523.2011</p> <p>Copyright © Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, 2019 in connection with all copyrightable subject matter created by and in ATIS and contained herein or comprised hereof.<br /> All Rights Reserved.</p> <p>No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For information contact ATIS at 202.628-6380. ATIS is online at <a href="https://www.atis.org/">www.atis.org</a>.</p> <p>Published in the United States of America.</p> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div>  <div class="clearfix"></div>  </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div>  </div>   <div id="footer">   <div class="footer-top"> <span> <div class="textwidget">© Copyright <script> var currentYear = new Date().getFullYear(); document.write(currentYear); </script> Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions</div> </span> <span> <div class="textwidget">1200 G Street, NW Suite 500 | Washington, DC 20005 | +1 202-628-6380 <a href="https://www.atis.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.atis.org</a></div> </span>  </div> <div class="footer-bottom"> <div class="textwidget"><i class="fa fa-facebook-square" aria-hidden="true"></i><i class="fa fa-twitter-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-youtube-square" aria-hidden="true"></i></div>  </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/js/custom.js?ver=1.0" id="advertica-lite-custom-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.0.2" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "https:\/\/glossary.atis.org\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" } }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.0.2" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-includes/js/hoverIntent.min.js?ver=1.10.2" id="hoverIntent-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/js/superfish.js?ver=1" id="advertica-lite-superfish-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/js/cbpAnimatedHeader.js?ver=1" id="advertica-lite-AnimatedHeader-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/js/jquery.easing.1.3.js?ver=1.0" id="advertica-lite-easing-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://glossary.atis.org/wp-content/themes/advertica-lite/js/waypoints.min.js?ver=1.0" id="advertica-lite-waypoints-js-js"></script> </body> </html>