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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>兀丨丿孬丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="n-wrecentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9"><span>兀丨丿孬丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 鬲氐賮丨 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-subjects" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>丕賱賲賵丕囟賷毓</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9"><span>兀亘噩丿賷</span></a></li><li id="n-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>亘賵丕亘丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="丨賲賱氐賮丨丞毓卮賵丕卅賷丞 [x]" accesskey="x"><span>賲賯丕賱丞毓卮賵丕卅賷丞</span></a></li><li id="n-Kiwix" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3"><span>鬲氐賮丨賲賳睾賷乇廿賳鬲乇賳鬲</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-contributing" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-contributing" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 賲卮丕乇賰丞 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7"><span>鬲賵丕氐賱賲毓賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="丨賷孬鬲噩丿丕賱賲爻丕毓丿丞"><span>賲爻丕毓丿丞</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86"><span>丕賱賲賷丿丕賳</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" style="width: 7em; 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href=\"/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_2023\" title=\"鬲氐賳賷賮:賲匕丕亘丨禺賱丕賱丕賱丨乇亘丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱賯鬲賱丕賱賲丿賳賷賷賳\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E \n\u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\" title=\"賲噩夭乇丞賲爻鬲卮賮賶丕賱賲毓賲丿丕賳賷\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱丕爻鬲賴丿丕賮丕賱賲爻鬲卮賮賷丕鬲賵丕賱賲丿丕乇爻\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E .... \u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89#丕賱丿毓丕賷丞_丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞\" title=\"毓賲賱賷丞胤賵賮丕賳丕賱兀賯氐賶\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱賱鬲囟賱賷賱賵丕賱賰賷賱亘賲賰賷丕賱賷賳\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2023\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"賵賯賮廿胤賱丕賯丕賱賳丕乇賮賷睾夭丞 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:white\"\u003E兀賵賯賮賵丕丕賱丨乇亘\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E .... 賵丕賳卮乇賵丕丕賱爻賱丕賲丕賱毓丕丿賱賵丕賱卮丕賲賱\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\n\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="丕賱賲賵賯毓"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">丕賳賯賱賱賱卮乇賷胤丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">丕賱賲賯丿賲丞</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-兀氐賱_丕賱賰賱賲丞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#兀氐賱_丕賱賰賱賲丞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>兀氐賱丕賱賰賱賲丞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-兀氐賱_丕賱賰賱賲丞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-丕爻賱賵亘_丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#丕爻賱賵亘_丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>丕爻賱賵亘丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-丕爻賱賵亘_丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-賲亘賳丕賴丕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#賲亘賳丕賴丕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>賲亘賳丕賴丕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-賲亘賳丕賴丕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-賲賵爻賷賯丕賴丕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#賲賵爻賷賯丕賴丕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>賲賵爻賷賯丕賴丕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-賲賵爻賷賯丕賴丕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-賳賲丕匕噩賴丕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#賳賲丕匕噩賴丕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>賳賲丕匕噩賴丕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-賳賲丕匕噩賴丕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-丕賱賲乇丕噩毓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>丕賱賲乇丕噩毓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-丕賱賲乇丕噩毓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="鬲亘丿賷賱毓乇囟噩丿賵賱丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">鬲亘丿賷賱毓乇囟噩丿賵賱丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">丿賱毓賵賳丕</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="賴匕賴丕賱賲賯丕賱丞鬲鬲賵丕噩丿賮賯胤賮賷賴匕賴丕賱賱睾丞. 兀囟賮賴丕廿賱賶丕賱賱睾丕鬲丕賱兀禺乇賶." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀囟賮賱睾丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12211865#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="廿囟丕賮丞賵氐賱丕鬲亘賷賳丕賱賱睾丕鬲" class="wbc-editpage">兀囟賮賵氐賱丕鬲</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="賳胤丕賯丕鬲"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="丕毓乇囟氐賮丨丞丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>賲賯丕賱丞</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4:%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="賳賯丕卮氐賮丨丞丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 (丕賱氐賮丨丞睾賷乇賲賵噩賵丿丞) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>賳賯丕卮</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="睾賷賾乇賱賴噩丞丕賱賱睾丞" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="賲毓丕賷賳丞"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7"><span>丕賯乇兀</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7&action=edit" title="毓丿賱丕賱賰賵丿丕賱賲氐丿乇賷賱賴匕賴丕賱氐賮丨丞 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>毓丿賾賱</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7&action=history" title="丕賱賳爻禺丕賱爻丕亘賯丞賱賴匕賴丕賱氐賮丨丞 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>鬲丕乇賷禺</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲丕賱氐賮丨丞"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀丿賵丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">兀丿賵丕鬲</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">丕賳賯賱賱賱卮乇賷胤丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="丕賱賲夭賷丿賲賳丕賱禺賷丕乇丕鬲" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 廿噩乇丕亍丕鬲 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7"><span>丕賯乇兀</span></a></li><li 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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12211865" title="賵氐賱丞廿賱賶丕賱賲丕丿丞丕賱賲乇鬲亘胤丞賮賷賲爻鬲賵丿毓丕賱亘賷丕賳丕鬲丕賱賲乇賰夭賷 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>毓賳氐乇賵賷賰賷亘賷丕賳丕鬲</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲丕賱氐賮丨丞"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="丕賱賲馗賴乇"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱賲馗賴乇</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">丕賳賯賱賱賱卮乇賷胤丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">賲賳賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕貙丕賱賲賵爻賵毓丞丕賱丨乇丞</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ar" dir="rtl"><p><b>丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕</b> 賴賷毓賲賱賮賱賰賱賵乇賷賮賳賷毓亘丕乇丞毓賳兀睾賳賷丞亘鬲賱丨賷賳賷賳丕爻亘乇賯氐丕鬲 <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9" title="丿亘賰丞">丕賱丿亘賰丞</a> 丕賱賮賱賰賱賵乇賷丞. 賵丕卮鬲賴乇鬲亘賷賳丕賱卮毓賵亘丕賱賲鬲賵丕噩丿丞賮賷丕賱賲賳胤賯丞丕賱賲賲鬲丿丞賲賳 "<a href="/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)" class="mw-disambig" title="兀賳胤丕賰賷丞 (鬲賵囟賷丨)">兀賳胤丕賰賷丞</a>" 卮賲丕賱 <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="爻賵乇賷丕">爻賵乇賷丞</a> 丨鬲賶 <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="禺賱賷噩丕賱毓賯亘丞">禺賱賷噩丕賱毓賯亘丞</a> 噩賳賵亘丕賸貙賵賱賴丕廿賷賯丕毓丕鬲賰孬賷乇丞賱丕鬲毓丿貙賵賷賲賰賳兀賳鬲丐賱賮毓賱賷賴丕丕賱賲賯丕胤毓丕賱睾賳丕卅賷丞賱兀賷丞賲賳丕爻亘丞賲賴賲丕賰丕賳賳賵毓賴丕 "丨夭賳" 賵"賮乇丨" 賵"賲丿賷丨" 賵"賵氐賮" 賵"賮禺乇賵"丕毓鬲夭丕夭" 賵丨鬲賶賮賷賲噩丕賱 "丕賱乇賵丨丕賳賷丕鬲"貙賵賱賴丕鬲爻賲賷丕鬲賲禺鬲賱賮丞鬲乇鬲亘胤亘兀丿丕卅賴丕賵丨丕賱丞丕賱賲丐丿賷丕賱毓丕賲丞貙賲孬賱 "丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丞" 丕賱賳丕賷賲丞賵"丕賱賲賷賱丞" 賵"丕賱賰乇噩丞"貙賵賱賰賱賲賳賴丕 <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9" title="丿亘賰丞">丿亘賰鬲賴丕</a> 丕賱禺丕氐丞亘賴丕. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="兀氐賱_丕賱賰賱賲丞"><span id=".D8.A3.D8.B5.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.83.D9.84.D9.85.D8.A9"></span>兀氐賱丕賱賰賱賲丞</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7&action=edit&section=1" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 兀氐賱丕賱賰賱賲丞"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>賲孬賱賰賱丕賱賰賱賲丕鬲丕賱賲賵乇賵孬丞貙丕禺鬲賱賮鬲丕賱丌乇丕亍賮賷兀氐賱丕賱鬲爻賲賷丞. 賮賲賳匕賴亘廿賱賶兀賳賾兀氐賱丕賱鬲爻賲賷丞孬賱丕孬賷賲賳芦丿賱毓禄賵丕賱鬲賷鬲賮賷丿賲毓賳賶丕賱丿賱丕賱 <a href="/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%AC" title="睾賳噩">賵丕賱睾賳噩</a>. 賰賲丕匕賰乇兀賳賾兀氐賱丕賱賰賱賲丞賲卮鬲賯賲賳丕爻賲芦毓賳丕丞禄貙賵賴賷丕亘賳丞丕賱廿賱賴芦丕賷賱禄貙賵賴賷丌賱賴丞丕賱禺氐亘賵丕賱丨亘賵丕賱丨乇亘毓賳丿丕賱賰賳毓丕賳賷賷賳. 賵賰丕賳賵丕賷爻賲賵賳賴丕丕賱禺胤丕亘丞貙丨賷孬賷鬲囟乇毓丕賱卮亘丕亘丕賱匕賷賳賷乇睾亘賵賳亘丕賱夭賵丕噩賲賳丨亘賷亘丕鬲賴賲賱賱丌賱賴丞芦毓賳丕丞禄賱賲爻丕毓丿鬲賴賲賮賷丕賱丨氐賵賱毓賱賶賲丕賷乇賷丿賵賳貙賮賷賯賵賱賵賳芦賷丕毓賳丕丞賷丿賰賷丕毓賳丕丞禄.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 賵賮賷鬲賮爻賷乇丌禺乇乇賵賷兀賳賾卮丕亘丕賸兀丨亘賮鬲丕丞丕爻賲賴丕芦毓賳丕丞禄貙賰丕爻賲丕賱丌賱賴丞貙賵賱賲丕丕賳賮氐賱丕貙乇丕丨賷睾賳賷芦丿賱賵賳賷毓賱賶毓賳丕丞禄賮兀丿睾賲鬲丕賱噩賲賱丞賮賷賰賱賲丞賵丕丨丿丞賵乇禺賾賲鬲賮氐丕乇鬲芦丿賱毓賵賳丕禄. </p><p>兀賲丕丕賱丕毓鬲賯丕丿丕賱卮丕卅毓賴賵兀賳賾兀氐賱丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕賷丌鬲賷賲賳芦賲丿賾賷丿丕賱毓賵賳禄貙廿匕賰賱賲丕丕乇丕丿賵丕兀賴賱丕賱賯乇賷丞丕賱鬲毓丕賵賳賮賷賲丕亘賷賳賴賲賱廿賳噩丕夭毓賲賱賲丕貙賲孬賱噩賳賷丕賱賲賵丕爻賲貙兀賵爻賱賯丕賱賯賲丨兀賵毓賳丿丕賱亘賳丕亍兀賵賮賷賲賵丕爻賲丕賱賯胤丕賮貙賰丕賳賵丕賷鬲賳丕丿賵賳芦丿賱毓賵賳丕禄胤賱亘丕賱賲爻丕毓丿丞兀賴賱丕賱賯乇賷丞. 賵毓賳丿廿賳噩丕夭賴賲賱賴匕賴丕賱兀毓賲丕賱貙賰丕賳賵丕賷毓賯丿賵賳丨賱賯丕鬲丕賱丿亘賰丞賲睾賳賷賳丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕. 賵毓賱賶賳賮爻丕賱賲毓賳賶貙匕賰乇 <a href="/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81" title="夭賰賷賳丕氐賷賮">夭賰賷賳丕氐賷賮</a> 兀賳丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕兀氐賱賴丕爻乇賷丕賳賷賲丐賱賮丞賲賳兀賱丕賱鬲毓乇賷賮丕賱爻乇賷丕賳賷丞芦丿禄貙賵賰賱賲丞丕賱賭芦毓賵賳丕禄賵丕賱鬲賷鬲毓賳賷芦丕賱賲爻丕毓丿丞禄.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>賵賮賷毓賴丿丕賱丨囟丕乇丞丕賱毓乇亘賷丞賮賷亘賱丕丿丕賱卮丕賲丕賳賮氐賱鬲賴匕賴丕賱賰賱賲丞毓賳丿賱丕賱丕鬲賴丕丕賱丕氐賱賷丞賮賷丕賱爻乇賷丕賳賷丞貙賵氐丕乇鬲鬲丿賱毓賱賶丕賱賵賱毓丨賷賳賲丕鬲睾賳賾賶賵賷丿亘賰丕賱賳丕爻毓賱賶賱丨賳賴丕賵賲賯丕賲賴丕. 賵丕爻鬲賯賱鬲丕賱賰賱賲丞 <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9" title="丿亘賰丞">丕賱丿亘賰丞</a> 賵丕賱丕睾賳賷丞毓賳賲賳丕爻亘鬲賴丕丕賱賲亘丕卮乇丞 (丕賱毓賵賳)貙賮氐丕乇鬲丿亘賰丞芦丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕禄賵丕睾丕賳賷賴丕賱賰賱賲賳丕爻亘丞: 丕賱兀毓乇丕爻貙丕賱兀賮乇丕丨賵丕賱賲丌鬲賲賰賲丕賱賱賳丿賲兀賵丕賱鬲卮賮賷. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="丕爻賱賵亘_丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕"><span id=".D8.A7.D8.B3.D9.84.D9.88.D8.A8_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AF.D9.84.D8.B9.D9.88.D9.86.D8.A7"></span>丕爻賱賵亘丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7&action=edit&section=2" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 丕爻賱賵亘丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕鬲睾賳賶亘丕賰孬乇賲賳賱丨賳鬲亘毓丕賱賱賲賳丕爻亘丞賵賱賱賲丐丿賷貙賵鬲賰賵賳賲賯乇賵賳丞亘丕賱丞賲賵爻賷賯賷丞鬲乇丕孬賷丞賲孬賱丕賱卮亘丕亘丞兀賵丕賱丕乇睾賵賱兀賵丕賱賲噩賵夭. 賵賱丨賳賴丕賲鬲毓丿丿賵賲鬲睾賷乇賮賷丌賳賵禺丕氐丞廿匕丕氐丕丨亘賴丕乇賯氐丞丕賱丿亘賰丞貙賮賮賷亘丿丕賷丞丕賱乇賯氐丞賷毓鬲賲丿賱丨賳賲鬲氐丕毓丿賷丿毓賵丕廿賱賶丕賱丨賲丕爻丞賵丕賱賳卮賵丞賱賷亘丿丕亘丕賱鬲睾賷乇丕賳爻噩丕賲丕賲毓鬲丨賯賷賯丨丕賱丞丕賱胤乇亘賵丕賱賮乇丨丕賱噩賲丕毓賷賵賷鬲丨賵賱廿賱賶賲鬲賳賲丕賲鬲夭賳丕丨賷賳丕廿賱賶丨夭賷賳丕賴丕丿卅丕兀丨賷丕賳丕兀禺乇賶貙賵賮賷賲毓馗賲丕賱丕丨賱丕鬲鬲丨賰賲賴丕賱賲賳丕爻亘丞賵丨丕賱丞丕賱乇丕賯氐賷賳 (丕賱丿亘賷賰丞) 賵丕賷毓丕夭賯丕卅丿丕賱丿亘賰丞 (丕賱賱賵賷丨). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="賲亘賳丕賴丕"><span id=".D9.85.D8.A8.D9.86.D8.A7.D9.87.D8.A7"></span>賲亘賳丕賴丕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7&action=edit&section=3" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 賲亘賳丕賴丕"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>鬲賳馗賲丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕毓賱賶丕賱亘丨乇丕賱爻乇賷毓賲賳亘丨賵乇丕賱卮毓乇丕賱毓丕賲賷丞賵賲賳丕賱賲毓乇賵賮兀賳賾丕賱鬲賯胤賷毓賮賷亘丨賵乇丕賱卮毓乇丕賱毓丕賲賷丞賷毓鬲賲丿毓賱賶丕賱賳亘乇丞丕賱氐賵鬲賷丞毓賱賶兀賳賷鬲爻丕賵賶賲噩賲賵毓丕賱賳亘乇丕鬲丕賱氐賵鬲賷丞賮賷賰賱賾卮胤乇丞. 鬲鬲兀賱賮丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕賲賳賲胤賱毓芦毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕禄貙孬賲賾卮胤乇丞孬丕賳賷丞鬲賳鬲賴賷亘乇賵賷賾芦賳丕禄賲孬賱芦乇丕丨賵丕丕賱丨亘丕賷亘賲丕賵丿賾毓賵賳丕禄貨孬賲賾鬲兀鬲賷毓丿賾丞兀丿賵丕乇賷鬲兀賱賮賰賱賾賲賳賴丕賲賳亘賷鬲賷賳賵賰賱賲賳賴賲丕賲丐賱賮賲賳卮胤乇賷賳貙兀賲丕賯賵丕賮賷丕賱卮胤賵乇丕賱孬賱丕孬丞賮賵丕丨丿丞貙賵賯丕賮賷丞丕賱乇丕亘毓芦賳丕禄. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="賲賵爻賷賯丕賴丕"><span id=".D9.85.D9.88.D8.B3.D9.8A.D9.82.D8.A7.D9.87.D8.A7"></span>賲賵爻賷賯丕賴丕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7&action=edit&section=4" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 賲賵爻賷賯丕賴丕"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>賱丨賳丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕賲賳噩賳爻丕賱亘賷丕鬲賷賵賱丕賷鬲毓丿賾賶貙卮兀賳賴卮兀賳爻丕卅乇丕賱睾賳丕亍丕賱卮毓亘賷毓丕丿丞貙兀乇亘毓賳睾賲丕鬲貙兀賲丕廿賷賯丕毓賴丕賮賷毓賵丿毓賱賶賳賮爻賴賮賷丿丕卅乇賷丞賵丕丨丿丞賱丕鬲鬲睾賷賾乇. 鬲丐丿賾賶丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕毓丕丿丞亘賲乇丕賮賯丞丌賱賷丞亘爻賷胤丞賲賳賵丕丨丿丞兀賵兀賰孬乇賲賳丕賱丌賱丕鬲丕賱賲賵爻賷賯賷丞丕賱卮毓亘賷丞 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84" title="兀乇睾賵賱">賰丕賱賷乇睾賵賱</a> 兀賵 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2" title="丕賱賲噩賵夭">丕賱賲噩賵夭</a> 兀賵丕賱卮亘丕亘丞 (<a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="賳丕賷">賳丕賷</a>)貙 <a href="/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9" title="胤亘賱丞">亘胤亘賱丞</a> 賵亘丿賵賳賴丕. 鬲鬲賳丕爻亘丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕亘丕賷賯丕毓賴丕賲毓廿賷賯丕毓丕賱丿亘賰丞丕賱卮毓亘賷丞賵鬲鬲賮丕毓賱賮賷兀丿丕卅賴丕兀乇亘毓丞兀賯胤丕亘賲賳卮丿賵毓丕夭賮賵賱賵賷丨亘丕賱賲賳丿賷賱賷乇兀爻氐賮賾丕賱丿亘賰丞. 賵賱匕丕賮爻乇毓丕賳賲丕鬲鬲卮丕亘賰丕賱兀賷丿賷丨丕賱爻賲丕毓賳睾賲丕鬲丕賱丿賱毓賵賳丕貙賱鬲賳鬲馗賲丨賱賯丞丕賱丿亘賰丞鬲丿賾賰丕賱兀乇囟丿賰丕賸. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="賳賲丕匕噩賴丕"><span id=".D9.86.D9.85.D8.A7.D8.B0.D8.AC.D9.87.D8.A7"></span>賳賲丕匕噩賴丕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7&action=edit&section=5" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 賳賲丕匕噩賴丕"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65582183">.mw-parser-output .abyat-wrapper{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;text-align:justify;text-align-last:justify;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .abyat-wrapper.mashtoor{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .abyat-wrapper.free{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-left:0;text-align:right;text-align-last:right}.mw-parser-output .abyat-single_bayt{grid-column:2/4;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .abyat-wrapper>div{white-space:nowrap;break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid}.mw-parser-output .abyat-sdr{grid-column:1/3;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .abyat-ajz{grid-column:3/5;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .abyat-wrapper.abyat-shaterbyshater{grid-template-columns:1fr}.mw-parser-output .abyat-shaterbyshater .abyat-single_bayt{grid-column:unset;padding-left:2.5em;padding-right:2.5em}.mw-parser-output .abyat-shaterbyshater .abyat-sdr{grid-column:unset;padding-left:5em}.mw-parser-output .abyat-shaterbyshater .abyat-ajz{grid-column:unset;padding-right:5em}@media screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .abyat-wrapper{grid-template-columns:1fr}.mw-parser-output .abyat-single_bayt{grid-column:unset;padding-left:2.5em;padding-right:2.5em}.mw-parser-output .abyat-sdr{grid-column:unset;padding-left:5em}.mw-parser-output .abyat-ajz{grid-column:unset;padding-right:5em}}</style><div class="abyat-wrapper" style="width:fit-content;"><div class="abyat-sdr">毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕</div><div class="abyat-ajz">賲丕亘賳爻賶丨亘丕亘丕賱賰丕賳賵丕賷丨亘賾賵賳丕</div><div class="abyat-sdr">賯賱亘賷毓賻丨亘丕亘賷卮毓賱丕賳亘賳丕乇賵</div><div class="abyat-ajz">賵丿賲毓丕鬲毓賷賵賳賷賮囟丨鬲兀爻乇丕乇賵</div><div class="abyat-sdr">賵亘毓丿賲丕乇丕丨賵丕毓丕賱睾乇亘丞賵胤丕乇賵丕</div><div class="abyat-ajz">賲孬賱賷賲丕鬲毓匕賾亘賯賷爻丕賱賲噩賳賵賳丕</div><div class="abyat-sdr">毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕</div><div class="abyat-ajz">乇丕丨賵丕丕賱丨亘丕賷亘賲丕賵丿賾毓賵賳丕</div><div class="abyat-sdr">毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕賱賷卮丿賱賾毓鬲賷賳賷</div><div class="abyat-ajz">毓乇賮鬲賷賳賷卮丕賷亘賱賷卮鬲丕禺匕鬲賷賳賷</div><div class="abyat-sdr">賱兀賰鬲亘賰鬲丕亘賰毓賻賵乇賯鬲賷賳丞</div><div class="abyat-ajz">賵兀噩毓賱氐丿丕賯賰丨亘賾丕賱夭賷鬲賵賳丕</div><div class="abyat-sdr">毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕</div><div class="abyat-ajz">乇夭賯丕賱賱賴賱賲賾賳賰賳鬲賵鬲丨亘賾賵賳丕</div><div class="abyat-sdr">禺賱賷乇賯氐丕鬲賰丨賱賵丞賵賲賵夭賵賳丞</div><div class="abyat-ajz">丨鬲賶睾賳賷賱賰賳睾賲丞丨賳賵賳丞</div><div class="abyat-sdr">丕胤賱亘賷卮賵亘丿賾賰鬲賰乇賲賷賷丕毓賷賵賳賷</div><div class="abyat-ajz">乇賵丨賷賰乇賲丕賱賰賵丕賱賱賴賲乇賴賵賳丕</div><div class="abyat-sdr">毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕</div><div class="abyat-ajz">賷丕胤賷乇丕賱胤丕賷乇睾賳賾賷賱丨亘賾賵賳丕</div></div> <p>賴匕賴丕賱兀睾賳賷丞賷鬲氐乇賮賮賷賴丕丕賱賳丕爻賰賱丨爻亘賲卮賷卅鬲賴賵賴賵丕賴貙廿賱丕兀賳賴賲賷丨丕賮馗賵賳毓賱賶丕賱賱丨賳丕賱兀氐賱賷貙賵賴匕丕賳賲賵匕噩丌禺乇: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r65582183"><div class="abyat-wrapper" style="width:fit-content;"><div class="abyat-sdr">毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕毓賱賶丿賱毓賵賳丕</div><div 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href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9"></span>丕賱賲乇丕噩毓</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7&action=edit&section=6" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185426">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal;overflow-y:auto;max-height:300px}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}@media print{.mw-parser-output .reflist{overflow-y:visible!important;max-height:none!important}}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">丿賷賵丕賳賱丌賱卅賰賳毓丕賳. 廿氐丿丕乇禺丕氐. 丿賲卮賯 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.machghara.com/Zaki_Nassif/Index.htm">丕賱毓賵賳丞: 卮乇丨夭賰賷賳丕氐賷賮賱兀氐賱丿賱毓賵賳丕 - 毓賳氐丨賷賮賴丕賱賳賴丕乇丕賱賱亘賳丕賳賷丞</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160126081550/http://www.machghara.com/Zaki_Nassif/Index.htm">賳爻禺丞賲丨賮賵馗丞</a> 26 賷賳丕賷乇 2016 毓賱賶賲賵賯毓 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86" title="賵丕賷亘丕賰賲卮賷賳">賵丕賷亘丕賰賲卮賷賳</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">賲賳賰鬲丕亘 (丿賲卮賯賮賷賲胤賱毓丕賱賯乇賳丕賱毓卮乇賷賳) 賱賲丐賱賮賴兀丨賲丿丨賱賲賷丕賱毓賱丕賮胤亘毓丞毓丕賲 1983</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>亘丕卮貙丨爻賳貙丕賱爻賴賱賷貙賲丨賲丿鬲賵賮賷賯貙芦丕賱賲毓鬲賯丿丕鬲丕賱卮毓亘賷丞賮賷丕賱鬲乇丕孬丕賱毓乇亘賷禄貙 1987.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64177691">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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