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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Lima_Declaration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Lima_Declaration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The Lima Declaration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Lima_Declaration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018_Venezuelan_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018_Venezuelan_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>2018 Venezuelan presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul 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<ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Observers_and_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observers_and_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Observers and support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observers_and_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Departures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Departures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Departures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Departures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_qrupu" title="Lima qrupu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lima qrupu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima-Gruppe" title="Lima-Gruppe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lima-Gruppe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_de_Lima" title="Grupo de Lima – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grupo de Lima" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_de_Lima" title="Groupe de Lima – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groupe de Lima" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limagroep" title="Limagroep – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Limagroep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupa_z_Limy" title="Grupa z Limy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grupa z Limy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_de_Lima" title="Grupo de Lima – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grupo de Lima" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Группа Лимы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Группа Лимы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE" title="لیما گروپ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیما گروپ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li 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.ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Lima Group</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span style="font-size:85%;">Grupo de Lima <br /> Groupe de Lima</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lima_Group_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lima_Group_map.svg/200px-Lima_Group_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lima_Group_map.svg/300px-Lima_Group_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lima_Group_map.svg/400px-Lima_Group_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="353" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#32CD32; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Venezuela</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#336733; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Member states</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FC691FFF; color:;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Retired member states</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>English</li><li>Spanish</li><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li><li>French</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">Intergovernmental organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><b>Nations</b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> (observer)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> (observer)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>Retired:</b></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Establishment</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lima,_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Lima, Peru">Lima, Peru</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• The Lima Declaration </div></th><td class="infobox-data">8 August 2017<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2017-08-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Crisis in Venezuela">Crisis in Venezuela</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crisis_in_Bolivarian_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Crisis_in_Bolivarian_Venezuela.svg/120px-Crisis_in_Bolivarian_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Crisis_in_Bolivarian_Venezuela.svg/180px-Crisis_in_Bolivarian_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Crisis_in_Bolivarian_Venezuela.svg/240px-Crisis_in_Bolivarian_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Causes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Bolivarian Revolution">Bolivarian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez_administration" title="Economic policy of the Hugo Chávez administration">Economic policy under Hugo Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_administration" title="Economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro administration">Economic policy under Nicolás Maduro</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Effects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="Venezuelan refugee crisis">Refugee crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Energy crisis in Venezuela">Energy crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_blackouts" title="2019 Venezuelan blackouts">2019 blackouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_blackouts" title="2024 Venezuelan blackouts">2024 blackouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulia_energy_collapse" title="Zulia energy collapse">Zulia energy collapse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_defection" title="Venezuelan crisis defection">Defections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Venezuelan_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis">International sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._sanctions_during_the_Venezuelan_crisis" title="U.S. sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis">U.S. sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interventions_of_political_parties_in_Venezuela" title="Interventions of political parties in Venezuela">Interventions of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy off the coast of Venezuela">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_in_Venezuela" title="Shortages in Venezuela">Shortages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela%E2%80%93Colombia_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuela–Colombia migrant crisis">Venezuela–Colombia migrant crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_Venezuela" title="Hyperinflation in Venezuela">Hyperinflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catatumbo_campaign" title="Catatumbo campaign">Catatumbo campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Xenophobic incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemon_conflict" title="Pemon conflict">Pemon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Argentine_Embassy_and_ambassador%27s_residence_in_Venezuela" title="Siege of the Argentine Embassy and ambassador's residence in Venezuela">Siege of the Argentine Embassy in Venezuela</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dakazo" title="Dakazo">Dakazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salida" title="La Salida">La Salida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ledezma" title="Antonio Ledezma">Arrest of Antonio Ledezma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro#Recall_referendum" title="Presidency of Nicolás Maduro">2016 recall movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_constitutional_crisis" title="2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis">2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lima Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Nicolás Maduro presidential campaign">2018 re-election campaign of Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">Venezuelan presidential crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_shipping_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Venezuela" title="2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela">2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_Aid_Live" title="Venezuela Aid Live">Venezuela Aid Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Venezuelan_recall_referendum_project" title="2022 Venezuelan recall referendum project">2022 recall movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Unitary_Platform_presidential_primaries" title="2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries">2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_political_crisis" title="2024 Venezuelan political crisis">2024 Venezuelan political crisis</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Elections</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2013 Venezuelan presidential election">2013 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election">2015 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_referendum" title="2017 Venezuelan referendum">2017 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_Constituent_Assembly_election" title="2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election">2017 Constituent Assembly election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2018 Venezuelan presidential election">2018 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Venezuelan_referendum" title="2023 Venezuelan referendum">2023 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2024 Venezuelan presidential election">2024 presidential election</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_protests_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan protests (2014–present)">Protests</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Venezuelan_presidential_election_protests" title="2013 Venezuelan presidential election protests">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Venezuelan_protests" title="2014 Venezuelan protests">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_protests_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan protests (2014–present)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_protests_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan protests (2014–present)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_protests" title="2017 Venezuelan protests">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_protests_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan protests (2014–present)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_protests" title="2019 Venezuelan protests">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_protests" title="2024 Venezuelan protests">2024</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Timeline</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_Venezuelan_protests" title="Timeline of the 2014 Venezuelan protests">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2015_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2015 Venezuelan protests">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2016_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2016 Venezuelan protests">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2017_Venezuelan_protests" title="Timeline of the 2017 Venezuelan protests">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2018_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2018 Venezuelan protests">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019_Venezuelan_protests" title="Timeline of the 2019 Venezuelan protests">2019</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Armed violence</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caracas_helicopter_incident" title="Caracas helicopter incident">Caracas helicopter incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_National_Assembly_attack" title="2017 Venezuelan National Assembly attack">2017 National Assembly attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Fort_Paramacay" title="Attack on Fort Paramacay">Attack on Fort Paramacay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Junquito_raid" title="El Junquito raid">El Junquito raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracas_drone_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Caracas drone attack">Caracas drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_uprising_attempt" title="2019 Venezuelan uprising attempt">2019 uprising attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Barquisimeto_shooting" title="2020 Barquisimeto shooting">2020 Barquisimeto shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gideon_(2020)" title="Operation Gideon (2020)">Operation Gideon (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Apure_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Apure clashes">2021 Apure clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Arauca_clashes" title="2022 Arauca clashes">2022 Arauca clashes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/16px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/24px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/32px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Venezuela" title="Portal:Venezuela">Venezuela portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crisis_in_Venezuela_short" title="Template:Crisis in Venezuela short"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crisis_in_Venezuela_short" title="Template talk:Crisis in Venezuela short"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crisis_in_Venezuela_short" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crisis in Venezuela short"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Lima Group</b> (<b>GL</b>; Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt"><b>Grupo de Lima</b></i>, French: <b>Groupe de Lima</b>) is a multilateral body that was established following the Lima Declaration on 8 August 2017 in the Peruvian capital of <a href="/wiki/Lima,_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Lima, Peru">Lima</a>, where representatives of 12 countries met in order to establish a peaceful exit to the <a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Crisis in Venezuela">ongoing crisis in Venezuela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among other issues, the group demands the release of political prisoners, the end of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Venezuela" title="Human rights in Venezuela">human rights violations</a>, calls for free elections, offers <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">humanitarian aid</a> and criticizes the breakdown of democratic order in Venezuela under <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lima_Group&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela_(2012%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crisis in Venezuela (2012–present)">Crisis in Venezuela (2012–present)</a></div> <p>Following the death of President <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>, Venezuela faced a severe socioeconomic crisis during the presidency of his successor <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a>, as a result of their policies and US economic sanctions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unstable_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unstable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FPmarch2013_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FPmarch2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPRdec2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPRdec2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ELPAISfeb2015_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELPAISfeb2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the state's high levels of urban violence, inflation, and <a href="/wiki/Shortages_in_Venezuela" title="Shortages in Venezuela">chronic shortages of basic goods</a> attributed to economic policies such as strict price controls,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-economist.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economist.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> civil insurrection in Venezuela culminated in the <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9317_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2014–17 Venezuelan protests">2014–17 protests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protests occurred over the years, with demonstrations occurring in various intensities depending on the crises Venezuelans were facing at the time and the perceived threat of being repressed by authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-SVCOprotest2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SVCOprotest2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PAPmillion_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAPmillion-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The discontent with the <a href="/wiki/United_Socialist_Party_of_Venezuela" title="United Socialist Party of Venezuela">United Socialist Party of Venezuela</a> saw the opposition being elected to hold the majority in the National Assembly for the first time since 1999 following the <a href="/wiki/2015_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election">2015 Parliamentary Election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTmuzzle_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTmuzzle-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of that election, the <a href="/wiki/Lame_duck_(politics)" title="Lame duck (politics)">lame duck</a> National Assembly consisting of United Socialist officials filled the Venezuelan Supreme Tribunal (TSJ) with allies.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTmuzzle_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTmuzzle-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Into early 2016, the Supreme Court alleged that voting irregularities occurred in the 2015 Parliamentary Elections and stripped four Assembly members of their seats, preventing an opposition supermajority in the National Assembly which would be able to challenge President Maduro.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTmuzzle_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTmuzzle-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Assembly nevertheless swore in 3 of the members in question, in response to which the Supreme Court ruled that the Assembly was in contempt of court and in violation of the constitutional order.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TSJ court then began to approve multiple actions performed by Maduro and granted him more powers.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTmuzzle_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTmuzzle-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After facing years of crisis, the Venezuelan opposition pursued a <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro#Recall_referendum" title="Presidency of Nicolás Maduro">recall referendum against President Maduro</a>, presenting a petition to the <a href="/wiki/National_Electoral_Council_(Venezuela)" title="National Electoral Council (Venezuela)">National Electoral Council</a> (CNE) on 2 May 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_June2016_referendum_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_June2016_referendum-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By August 2016, the momentum to recall President Maduro appeared to be progressing, with the Council setting a date for the second phase of collecting signatures, though it made the schedule strenuous, stretching the process into 2017 which made it impossible for the opposition to activate new Presidential Elections.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_Recall_August2016_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters_Recall_August2016-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 October 2016, the Council suspended the referendum only days before preliminary signature-gatherings were to be held.<sup id="cite_ref-FOXsuspend_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOXsuspend-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Council blamed alleged voter fraud as the reason for the cancellation of the referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOXsuspend_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOXsuspend-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International observers criticized the move, stating that CNE's decision made Maduro look as if he were seeking to rule as a dictator.<sup id="cite_ref-LAoct2016_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAoct2016-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Days after the recall movement was cancelled, 1.2 million Venezuelans protested throughout the country against the move, demanding President Maduro to leave office, with Caracas protests remaining calm while protests in other federal states resulted in clashes between demonstrators and authorities, leaving one policeman dead, 120 injured and 147 arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-AMBITO_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMBITO-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That day the opposition gave President Maduro a deadline of 3 November 2016 to hold elections, with opposition leader, Miranda Governor <a href="/wiki/Henrique_Capriles" title="Henrique Capriles">Henrique Capriles</a> stating, "Today we are giving a deadline to the Government. I tell the coward who is in <a href="/wiki/Miraflores_Palace" title="Miraflores Palace">Miraflores</a> ... that on 3 November the Venezuelan people are coming to Caracas because we are going to Miraflores".<sup id="cite_ref-AMBITO_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMBITO-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Days later on 1 November 2016, then National Assembly President and opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ramos_Allup" title="Henry Ramos Allup">Henry Ramos Allup</a> announced the cancellation of 3 November march to the <a href="/wiki/Miraflores_Palace" title="Miraflores Palace">Miraflores presidential palace</a>, with Vatican-led dialogue between the opposition and the government beginning.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 7 December 2016, dialogue halted between the two<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two months later on 13 January 2017 after talks stalled, the Vatican officially pulled out of the dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-LAHT19jan2017_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAHT19jan2017-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further protests were much smaller due to the fear of repression, with the opposition organizing surprise protests instead of organized mass marches.<sup id="cite_ref-WPjan23_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPjan23-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other actions by President Maduro and his Bolivarian officials included a 7 February 2017 meeting which announced the creation of the <i>Great Socialist Justice Mission</i> which had the goal of establishing "a great alliance between the three powers, the judiciary, the citizen and the executive", with Maduro stating that "we have been fortunate to see how the judicial power has been growing and perfecting, carrying a doctrine so complete with the constitution of 1999" while stating that the opposition-led National Assembly "took power not for the majority not for the people but for themselves".<sup id="cite_ref-PANOfeb7_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PANOfeb7-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lima_Group&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Lima_Declaration">The Lima Declaration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lima_Group&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Lima Declaration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lima Declaration established outlines and goals of the Lima Group in their attempt to mediate the crisis in Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"><span class="anchor" id="Introduction"></span><b>Introduction</b><br /><br /> <p>Establishes member states and outlines the democratic and noninterventional ambitions of the group to find a peaceful solution to the <a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Bolivarian_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela">crisis in Venezuela</a>. </p> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Declaration of Lima</div><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Joint Declaration 007 - 17</div> <p><i>The Foreign Ministers and Representatives of <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, meeting in the city of Lima, on 8 August 2017, to address the critical situation in Venezuela and explore ways to contribute to the restoration of democracy in that country through a peaceful and negotiated solution;</i> </p><p><i>Encouraged by the spirit of solidarity that characterizes the region and the conviction that negotiation, with full respect for the norms of international law and the principle of nonintervention, does not violate human rights and democracy, and is the only tool that ensures a lasting solution to the differences;</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><span class="anchor" id="Declarations"></span><b>Declarations</b><br /><br /> <p>Highlights the positions and goals of the Lima Group regarding the crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela. </p> </td> <td> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">They declare:</div> <ol><li><i>Their condemnation of the breakdown of democratic order in Venezuela.</i></li> <li><i>Their decision not to recognize the <a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Constituent Assembly (Venezuela)">National Constituent Assembly</a>, nor the acts emanating from it, due to its illegitimate nature.</i></li> <li><i>Their full support and solidarity with the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Venezuela" title="National Assembly of Venezuela">National Assembly</a>, democratically elected.</i></li> <li><i>Legal acts that according to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Venezuela" title="Constitution of Venezuela">Constitution</a> require authorization from the National Assembly, will only be recognized when said Assembly has approved them.</i></li> <li><i>Their energetic rejection of violence and any option that involves the use of force.</i></li> <li><i>Their support and solidarity with the <a href="/wiki/Luisa_Ortega_D%C3%ADaz" title="Luisa Ortega Díaz">Attorney General</a> and the members of the Public Ministry of Venezuela and demand the application of the precautionary measures issued by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.</i></li> <li><i>Their condemnation of the systematic violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms, of violence, repression and political persecution, the existence of political prisoners and the lack of free elections under independent international observation.</i></li> <li><i>That Venezuela does not comply with the requirements or obligations of the members of the Human Rights Council of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.</i></li> <li><i>Their serious concern about the humanitarian crisis facing the country and his condemnation of the government for not allowing the entry of food and medicine in support of the Venezuelan people.</i></li> <li><i>Their decision to continue the application of the Inter-American Democratic Charter to Venezuela.</i></li> <li><i>Their support for <a href="/wiki/Mercosur#Suspension_of_Venezuela" title="Mercosur">the decision of MERCOSUR to suspend Venezuela</a> in application of the Ushuaia Protocol on Democratic Commitment.</i></li> <li><i>Their decision not to support any Venezuelan candidacy in regional and international mechanisms and organizations.</i></li> <li><i>Their call to stop the transfer of arms to Venezuela in light of articles 6 and 7 of the Arms Trade Treaty.</i></li> <li><i>That, taking into account the current conditions, they will request the Pro Tempore Presidency of CELAC and the European Union, the postponement of the CELAC-EU Summit scheduled for October 2017.</i></li> <li><i>Their commitment to keep track of the situation in Venezuela, at the level of Foreign Ministers, until the full restoration of democracy in that country, and to meet no later than the next session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, an opportunity in which may be added other countries.</i></li> <li><i>Their willingness to urgently support, within the framework of respect for Venezuelan sovereignty, any effort of credible negotiation and good faith, which has the consensus of the parties and is aimed at peacefully achieving the restoration of democracy in the country.</i></li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018_Venezuelan_presidential_election">2018 Venezuelan presidential election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lima_Group&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2018 Venezuelan presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2018_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2018 Venezuelan presidential election">2018 Venezuelan presidential election</a></div> <p>The Lima Group has overtly condemned the presidential elections called for by the Bolivarian government, describing them as unobserved, unjust and undemocratic.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Days before the planned election date, the Lima Group – alongside the United States and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> – called for the cancellation of the election and prepared for responses should the election be held.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the election which strengthened President Maduro's position, the fourteen member nations of the Lima Group recalled their ambassadors from Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis">2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lima_Group&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">Venezuelan presidential crisis</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="Venezuelan presidential crisis">presidential crisis</a>, the Representative of Peru in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> condemned what was described as an "illegitimate socialist regime," stating "We have received 700,000 Venezuelan refugees and migrants due to the crisis that is the responsibility of Maduro."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuela_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Venezuela uprising">2019 Venezuela uprising</a>, group members Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay and Peru supported Guaidó's actions and condemned the actions of "the illegitimate and dictatorial regime of Nicolás Maduro."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 February 2019, in a meeting in Canada, it was agreed to include <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a>'s interim government as a member of the Lima Group.<sup id="cite_ref-canada_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, Guaidó has designated <a href="/wiki/Julio_Borges" title="Julio Borges">Julio Borges</a> as ambassador of the Lima Group.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the day of Maduro's second inauguration as president of Venezuela (10 January), Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs <a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a>, one of the leading voices in the Lima Group, issued a statement that summarizes the Canadian government's position on Venezuela: "Today, Nicolás Maduro's regime loses any remaining appearance of legitimacy. Having seized power through fraudulent and anti-democratic elections held on 20 May 2018, the Maduro regime is now fully entrenched as a dictatorship. The suffering of Venezuelans will only worsen should he continue to illegitimately cling to power. Together with other likeminded countries in the Lima Group, Canada rejects the legitimacy of the new presidential term of Nicolás Maduro. We call on him to immediately cede power to the democratically-elected National Assembly until new elections are held, which must include the participation of all political actors and follow the release of all political prisoners in Venezuela."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lima_Group&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Representantes_del_Grupo_de_Lima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Representantes_del_Grupo_de_Lima.jpg/250px-Representantes_del_Grupo_de_Lima.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Representantes_del_Grupo_de_Lima.jpg/375px-Representantes_del_Grupo_de_Lima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Representantes_del_Grupo_de_Lima.jpg/500px-Representantes_del_Grupo_de_Lima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5424" data-file-height="3459" /></a><figcaption>Foreign ministers representing member states in the Lima Group meeting together on 13 February 2018 in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru.</figcaption></figure> <p>Twelve countries initially signed the declaration: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, and Peru. Guyana, Saint Lucia, Belize, Bolivia and Haiti joined later.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Observers_and_support">Observers and support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lima_Group&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Observers and support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The organization is supported by <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, who attended the initial meeting, as well as organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a> and the European Union. In addition, the Venezuelan opposition has given their support.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lima Group supported the sanctions Panama placed against high-level Venezuelan officials, whom the Panamanian government accused of <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a>, supporting terrorism and the funding of <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a>, and defended Panama after <a href="/wiki/2018_Panama%E2%80%93Venezuela_diplomatic_crisis" title="2018 Panama–Venezuela diplomatic crisis">the Bolivarian government retaliated</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departures">Departures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lima_Group&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Departures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Argentina left the Lima Group in March 2021 on the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Remembrance_for_Truth_and_Justice" title="Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice">Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice</a>, criticizing the participation of <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a> in the bloc.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mexico left the group by May 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (February 2022)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 9 August Saint Lucia announced preparing to exit the group,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a decision confirmed the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The same year, President <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Castillo" title="Pedro Castillo">Pedro Castillo</a> of host Peru re-established relations with the Maduro government in Venezuela and promised to "deactivate" the group.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His government announced Peru would leave the Lima Group in August;<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, after the resignation of foreign affairs minister <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_B%C3%A9jar" title="Héctor Béjar">Héctor Béjar</a> and the appointment of <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Ma%C3%BArtua" title="Óscar Maúrtua">Óscar Maúrtua</a>, who has expressed support for the group, political analysts have expected a backtrack of the withdrawal decision,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Peru has not officially withdrawn from the group.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After left wing parties took power in Mexico and Bolivia, both countries began to distance themselves from the group, and former Bolivian president <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a> said that Bolivia had left the group too.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lima_Group&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contadora_group" title="Contadora group">Contadora group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_Process" title="Quito Process">Quito Process</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lima_Group&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/mercosur/bolivia/bolivias-arce-welcomes-the-peruvian-governments-decision-to-leave-the-lima-group/amp/">"Bolivia's Arce welcomes Peruvian government's decision to leave Lima Group"</a>. <i>Riotimesonline.com</i>. 9 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Riotimesonline.com&rft.atitle=Bolivia%27s+Arce+welcomes+Peruvian+government%27s+decision+to+leave+Lima+Group&rft.date=2021-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotimesonline.com%2Fbrazil-news%2Fmercosur%2Fbolivia%2Fbolivias-arce-welcomes-the-peruvian-governments-decision-to-leave-the-lima-group%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALima+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Patria_Grande" title="Patria Grande">Patria Grande</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="José de San Martín">José de San Martín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Alam%C3%A1n" title="Lucas Alamán">Lucas Alamán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Commission_of_Women" title="Inter-American Commission of Women">Inter-American Commission of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change_in_Latin_America" title="United States involvement in regime change in Latin America">United States involvement in regime change in Latin America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Cooperation_Treaty_Organization" title="Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization">Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community" title="Andean Community">Andean Community (CAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States (ACS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System (SICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contadora_group" title="Contadora group">Contadora group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contadora_support_group" title="Contadora support group">Contadora support group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_the_Progress_and_Integration_of_South_America" title="Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America">Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Economic_System" title="Latin American Economic System">Latin American Economic System (SELA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Integration_Association" title="Latin American Integration Association">Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lima Group (LG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrocaribe" title="Petrocaribe">Petrocaribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Group" title="Rio Group">Rio Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">United States Pirate Party (USPP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_passport" title="Andean passport">Andean passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_passport" title="CARICOM passport">CARICOM passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">CARICOM Single Market and Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARIPASS" title="CARIPASS">CARIPASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America-4_Border_Control_Agreement" title="Central America-4 Border Control Agreement">Central America-4 Border Control Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America-4_passport" title="Central America-4 passport">Central America-4 passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_Currency_Union" title="Eastern Caribbean Currency Union">Eastern Caribbean Currency Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_the_Integration_of_the_Regional_Infrastructure_of_South_America" title="Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America">Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interoceanic_Highway" title="Interoceanic Highway">Interoceanic Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUCRE" title="SUCRE">SUCRE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Parliament" title="Andean Parliament">Andean Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">Bank of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Court_of_Justice" title="Caribbean Court of Justice">Caribbean Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Parliament" title="Central American Parliament">Central American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAF_%E2%80%93_Development_Bank_of_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean">Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank">Inter-American Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Parliament" title="Latin American Parliament">Latin American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur_Parliament" title="Mercosur Parliament">Mercosur Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Parliament" title="South American Parliament">South American Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_area" title="Free trade area">Free trade areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Free_Trade_Association" title="Caribbean Free Trade Association">Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement">Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americas" title="Free Trade Area of the Americas">Free Trade Area of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G3_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="G3 Free Trade Agreement">G3 Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Americanism#Congresses_and_conferences" title="Pan-Americanism">Pan-American Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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