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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Details" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Details</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Details-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Details subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Screen_and_input" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Screen_and_input"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Screen and input</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Screen_and_input-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Handwriting_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handwriting_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Handwriting recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handwriting_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_interface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_interface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>User interface</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_interface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connectivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connectivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Connectivity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connectivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power_options" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_options"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Power options</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_options-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_efforts_and_improvements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_efforts_and_improvements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Later efforts and improvements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_efforts_and_improvements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-eMate_300" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#eMate_300"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>eMate 300</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-eMate_300-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prototypes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prototypes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Prototypes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prototypes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Market reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newton_device_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newton_device_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Newton device models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newton_device_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_party_licenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_party_licenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Third party licenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_party_licenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22MessagePad%22">"MessagePad"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22MessagePad%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22MessagePad%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22MessagePad%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22MessagePad%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22MessagePad%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">MessagePad</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Newton-IMG_0454-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Apple_Newton-IMG_0454-cropped.jpg/220px-Apple_Newton-IMG_0454-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Apple_Newton-IMG_0454-cropped.jpg/330px-Apple_Newton-IMG_0454-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Apple_Newton-IMG_0454-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="609" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Apple Newton MessagePad 100</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">1993<span class="noprint">; 31 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1993</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1998<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1998</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton OS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture_family#Advanced_RISC_Machines_Ltd._–_ARM6" title="ARM architecture family">ARM 610 RISC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Memory</th><td class="infobox-data">4-8 MB (ROM)<br />640 KB-4 MB (RAM)<br />0-4 MB (Flash) (varies with model)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">1.4 lb (640 g) with battery</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IPad_(1st_generation)" title="IPad (1st generation)">iPad (1st generation)</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>MessagePad</b> is a series of <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">personal digital assistant</a> devices developed by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton platform</a>, first released in 1993. Some electronic engineering and the manufacture of Apple's MessagePad devices was undertaken in Japan by <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a>. The devices are based on the <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture_family" title="ARM architecture family">ARM</a> <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture#Advanced_RISC_Machines_Ltd._–_ARM6" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">610</a> <a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">RISC processor</a>, run <a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton OS</a>, and all feature <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_recognition" title="Handwriting recognition">handwriting recognition</a> software. Alongside the MessagePad series, Apple also developed and released the <a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a> Newton device. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of the Newton MessagePad first began with <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple's</a> former senior vice president of research and development, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Gass%C3%A9e" title="Jean-Louis Gassée">Jean-Louis Gassée</a>; his team included <a href="/wiki/Steve_Capps" title="Steve Capps">Steve Capps</a>, co-writer of <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Mac OS</a> <a href="/wiki/Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a>, and an employed engineer named <a href="/wiki/Steve_Sakoman" title="Steve Sakoman">Steve Sakoman</a>. The development of the Newton MessagePad operated in secret until it was eventually revealed to the Apple Board of Directors in late 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Ai_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ai-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Gassée resigned from his position due to a significant disagreement with the board, seeing how his employer was treated, Sakoman also stopped developing the MessagePad on March 2, 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-MW_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bill_Atkinson" title="Bill Atkinson">Bill Atkinson</a>, an Apple Executive responsible for the company's Lisa graphical interface, invited Steve Capps, <a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Andy Hertzfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Kare" title="Susan Kare">Susan Kare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Porat" title="Marc Porat">Marc Porat</a> to a meeting on March 11, 1990. There, they brainstormed a way of saving the MessagePad. Sculley suggested adding new features, including libraries, museums, databases, or institutional archives features, allowing customers to navigate through various window tabs or opened galleries/stacks. The Board later approved his suggestion; he then gave the Newton his official and full backing.<sup id="cite_ref-MW_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first MessagePad was unveiled by Sculley on the 29th of May 1992 at the summer <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show" title="Consumer Electronics Show">Consumer Electronics Show</a> (CES) in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iMore_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iMore-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sculley caved in to pressure to unveil the product early because the Newton did not officially ship until 14 months later on the 2nd of August 1993, starting at a price of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002699000000000000♠"></span>$699</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ai_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ai-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 50,000 units were sold by late November 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Ai_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ai-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details">Details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Screen_and_input">Screen and input</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Screen and input"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the MessagePad 120 with <a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton OS</a> 2.0, the Newton Keyboard by Apple became available, which can also be used via the dongle on Newton devices with a Newton InterConnect port, most notably the Apple MessagePad 2000/2100 series, as well as the Apple <a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a>. </p><p>Newton devices featuring Newton OS 2.1 or higher can be used with the screen turned horizontally ("landscape") as well as vertically ("portrait"). A change of a setting rotates the contents of the display by 90, 180 or 270 degrees. Handwriting recognition still works properly with the display rotated, although display calibration is needed when rotation in any direction is used for the first time or when the Newton device is reset. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Applenewton_emate300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Applenewton_emate300.jpg/170px-Applenewton_emate300.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Applenewton_emate300.jpg/255px-Applenewton_emate300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Applenewton_emate300.jpg/340px-Applenewton_emate300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>eMate 300</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Newton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Apple_Newton.jpg/170px-Apple_Newton.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Apple_Newton.jpg/255px-Apple_Newton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Apple_Newton.jpg/340px-Apple_Newton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1816" data-file-height="2960" /></a><figcaption>MP2000</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Handwriting_recognition">Handwriting recognition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Handwriting recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton OS</a></div> <p>In initial versions (Newton OS 1.x) the handwriting recognition gave extremely mixed results for users and was sometimes inaccurate. The original handwriting recognition engine was called Calligrapher, and was licensed from a Russian company called <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" class="extiw" title="ru:Параграф (компания)">Paragraph International</a>. Calligrapher's design was quite sophisticated; it attempted to learn the user's natural handwriting, using a database of known words to make guesses as to what the user was writing, and could interpret writing anywhere on the screen, whether hand-printed, in <a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">cursive</a>, or a mix of the two. By contrast, <a href="/wiki/Palm_Pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Pilot">Palm Pilot's</a> Graffiti had a less sophisticated design than Calligrapher, but was sometimes found to be more accurate and precise due to its reliance on a fixed, predefined stroke alphabet. The stroke alphabet used letter shapes which resembled standard handwriting, but which were modified to be both simple and very easy to differentiate.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm Computing</a> also released two versions of Graffiti for Newton devices. The Newton version sometimes performed better and could also show strokes as they were being written as input was done on the display itself, rather than on a silkscreen area. </p><p>For editing text, Newton had a very intuitive system for handwritten editing, such as scratching out words to be deleted, circling text to be selected, or using written <a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">carets</a> to mark inserts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later releases of the <a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton operating system</a> retained the original recognizer for compatibility, but added a hand-printed-text-only (not <a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">cursive</a>) recognizer, called "<a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(Newton)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosetta (Newton)">Rosetta</a>", which was developed by Apple, included in version 2.0 of the <a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton operating system</a>, and refined in Newton 2.1. Rosetta is generally considered a significant improvement and many reviewers, testers, and most users consider the Newton 2.1 handwriting recognition software better than any of the alternatives even 10 years after it was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognition and computation of handwritten horizontal and vertical formulas such as "1 + 2 =" was also under development but never released.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, users wrote similar programs which could evaluate mathematical formulas using the Newton OS Intelligent Assistant, a unique part of every Newton device. </p><p>The handwriting recognition and parts of the user interface for the Newton are best understood in the context of the broad history of <a href="/wiki/Pen_computing" title="Pen computing">pen computing</a>, which is quite extensive.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A vital feature of the Newton handwriting recognition system is the <a href="/wiki/Modeless" class="mw-redirect" title="Modeless">modeless</a> <a href="/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction" title="Error detection and correction">error correction</a>. That is, correction done <i><a href="/wiki/In_situ" title="In situ">in situ</a></i> without using a separate window or widget, using a minimum of gestures. If a word is recognized improperly, the user could double-tap the word and a list of alternatives would pop up in a menu under the stylus. Most of the time, the correct word will be in the list. If not, a button at the bottom of the list allows the user to edit individual characters in that word. Other pen gestures could do such things as transpose letters (also <i><a href="/wiki/In_situ" title="In situ">in situ</a></i>). The correction popup also allowed the user to revert to the original, un-recognized letter shapes - this would be useful in note-taking scenarios if there was insufficient time to make corrections immediately. To conserve memory and storage space, alternative recognition hypotheses would not be saved indefinitely. If the user returned to a note a week later, for example, they would only see the best match. Error correction in many current handwriting systems provides such functionality but adds more steps to the process, greatly increasing the interruption to a user's workflow that a given correction requires.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="User_interface">User interface</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: User interface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Text could also be entered by tapping with the stylus on a small on-screen pop-up <a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> <a href="/wiki/Virtual_keyboard" title="Virtual keyboard">virtual keyboard</a>, although more layouts were developed by users. Newton devices could also accept free-hand "Sketches", "Shapes", and "Ink Text", much like a desktop computer <a href="/wiki/Graphics_tablet" title="Graphics tablet">graphics tablet</a>. With "Shapes", Newton could recognize that the user was attempting to draw a circle, a line, a <a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">polygon</a>, etc., and it would clean them up into perfect <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector</a> representations (with modifiable control points and defined vertices) of what the user was attempting to draw. "Shapes" and "Sketches" could be <a href="/wiki/Image_scaling" title="Image scaling">scaled</a> or deformed once drawn. "Ink text" captured the user's free-hand writing but allowed it to be treated somewhat like recognized text when manipulating for later editing purposes ("ink text" supported <a href="/wiki/Line_wrap_and_word_wrap" title="Line wrap and word wrap">word wrap</a>, could be formatted to be bold, italic, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At any time a user could also direct their Newton device to recognize selected "ink text" and turn it into recognized text (deferred recognition). A Newton note (or the notes attached to each contact in Names and each Dates calendar or to-do event) could contain any mix of interleaved text, Ink Text, Shapes, and Sketches. </p><p>While the Newton offered handwriting recognition training and would clean up sketches into vector shapes, both were unreliable and required much rewriting and redrawing. The most reliable application of the Newton was collecting and organizing address and phone numbers. While handwritten messages could be stored, they could not be easily filed, sorted or searched. While the technology was a probable cause for the failure of the device (which otherwise met or exceeded expectations), the technology has been instrumental in producing the future generation of handwriting software that realizes the potential and promise that began in the development of Newton-Apple's Ink Handwriting Recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connectivity">Connectivity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Connectivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MessagePad 100 series of devices used Macintosh's proprietary <a href="/wiki/Serial_port" title="Serial port">serial ports</a>—round <a href="/wiki/Mini-DIN_connector" title="Mini-DIN connector">Mini-DIN 8 connectors</a>. The MessagePad 2000/2100 models (as well as the eMate 300) have a small, proprietary <i>Newton InterConnect</i> port. However, the development of the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton hardware/software platform</a> was canceled by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> on February 27, 1998, so the InterConnect port, while itself very advanced, can only be used to connect a serial dongle. A prototype multi-purpose InterConnect device containing serial, audio in, audio out, and other ports was also discovered. In addition, all Newton devices have <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> connectivity, initially only the Sharp <a href="/wiki/Amplitude-shift_keying" title="Amplitude-shift keying">ASK</a> protocol, but later also <a href="/wiki/IrDA" class="mw-redirect" title="IrDA">IrDA</a>, though the Sharp ASK protocol was kept in for compatibility reasons. Unlike the Palm Pilot, all Newton devices are equipped with a standard <a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a> expansion slot (two on the 2000/2100). This allows native modem and even <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> connectivity; Newton users have also written <a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">drivers</a> for <a href="/wiki/802.11b" class="mw-redirect" title="802.11b">802.11b</a> wireless networking cards and ATA-type <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a> cards (including the popular <a href="/wiki/CompactFlash" title="CompactFlash">CompactFlash</a> format), as well as for <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> cards. Newton can also dial a phone number through the built-in speaker of the Newton device by simply holding a telephone handset up to the speaker and transmitting the appropriate tones. Fax and printing support is also built in at the operating system level, although it requires peripherals such as parallel adapters, PCMCIA cards, or serial modems, the most notable of which is the lightweight Newton Fax Modem released by Apple in 1993. It is powered by 2 AA batteries, and can also be used with a power adapter. It provides data transfer at 2,400 bit/s, and can also send and receive fax messages at 9,600 and 4,800 bit/s respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_options">Power options</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Power options"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original Apple MessagePad and MessagePad 100 used four <a href="/wiki/AAA_battery" title="AAA battery">AAA batteries</a>. They were eventually replaced by AA batteries with the release of the Apple MessagePad 110. </p><p>The use of 4 <a href="/wiki/AA_battery" title="AA battery">AA</a> <a href="/wiki/NiCd" class="mw-redirect" title="NiCd">NiCd</a> (MessagePad 110, 120 and 130) and 4x AA <a href="/wiki/NiMH" class="mw-redirect" title="NiMH">NiMH</a> cells (MP2x00 series, <a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a>) give a runtime of up to 30 hours (MP2100 with two 20 MB <a href="/wiki/Linear_Flash" title="Linear Flash">Linear Flash</a> memory <a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Cards</a>, no backlight usage) and up to 24 hours with backlight on. While adding more weight to the handheld Newton devices than AAA batteries or custom battery packs, the choice of an easily replaceable/rechargeable cell format gives the user a still unsurpassed runtime and flexibility of power supply. This, together with the <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a> used as internal storage starting with the Apple MessagePad 120 (if all cells lost their power, no data was lost due to the non-volatility of this storage), gave birth to the slogan "Newton never dies, it only gets new batteries". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_efforts_and_improvements">Later efforts and improvements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later efforts and improvements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Apple MessagePad 2000/2100, with a vastly improved handwriting recognition system, 162 MHz <a href="/wiki/StrongARM" title="StrongARM">StrongARM</a> SA-110 <a href="/wiki/RISC" class="mw-redirect" title="RISC">RISC</a> processor, Newton OS 2.1, and a better, clearer, backlit screen, attracted critical plaudits.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This is just a university's homepage???? I searched their website for "MessagePad"; the only thing I found was a newspaper advertising Camp Macintosh. The citation in question was added in https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=984519698&oldid=983376085&title=MessagePad by User:HolSegel. (September 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="eMate_300">eMate 300</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: eMate 300"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Applenewton_emate300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Applenewton_emate300.jpg/220px-Applenewton_emate300.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Applenewton_emate300.jpg/330px-Applenewton_emate300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Applenewton_emate300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption><i>The <a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a> was a Newton device in a laptop form factor offered to schools in 1997 as an inexpensive ($799 US, originally sold to education markets only) and durable computer for classroom use. However, in order to achieve its low price, the eMate 300 did not have all the speed and features of the contemporary MessagePad equivalent, the MessagePad 2000. The eMate was cancelled along with the rest of the Newton products in 1998. It is the only Newton device to use the ARM710 microprocessor (running at 25 MHz), have an integrated keyboard, use Newton OS 2.2 (officially numbered 2.1), and its batteries are officially irreplaceable, although several users replaced them with longer-lasting ones without any damage to the eMate hardware whatsoever. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prototypes">Prototypes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prototypes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Newton_w_Telephone_(48930219127).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Apple_Newton_w_Telephone_%2848930219127%29.jpg/220px-Apple_Newton_w_Telephone_%2848930219127%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Apple_Newton_w_Telephone_%2848930219127%29.jpg/330px-Apple_Newton_w_Telephone_%2848930219127%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Apple_Newton_w_Telephone_%2848930219127%29.jpg/440px-Apple_Newton_w_Telephone_%2848930219127%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4049" data-file-height="2877" /></a><figcaption>Siemens NotePhone</figcaption></figure> <p>Many prototypes of additional Newton devices were spotted. Most notable was a Newton tablet or "slate", a large, flat screen that could be written on. Others included a "Kids Newton" with side handgrips and buttons, "VideoPads" which would have incorporated a video camera and screen on their flip-top covers for two-way communications, the "Mini 2000" which would have been very similar to a Palm Pilot, and the NewtonPhone developed by <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, which incorporated a handset and a keyboard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Market_reception">Market reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Market reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fourteen months after Sculley demoed it at the May 1992, Chicago CES, the MessagePad was first offered for sale on August 2, 1993, at the Boston <a href="/wiki/Macworld/iWorld" title="Macworld/iWorld">Macworld Expo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HMcC-NR_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HMcC-NR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hottest item at the show, it cost $900.<sup id="cite_ref-BSsun-steals_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSsun-steals-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 50,000 MessagePads were sold in the device's first three months on the market.<sup id="cite_ref-HMcC-NR_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HMcC-NR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original Apple MessagePad and MessagePad 100 were limited by the very short lifetime of their inadequate AAA batteries. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newton_eat_up_martha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9c/Newton_eat_up_martha.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="135" /></a><figcaption>The Original Apple Newton's handwriting recognition was made light of in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Lisa_on_Ice" title="Lisa on Ice">Lisa on Ice</a>".</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Another factor which limited the early Newton devices' appeal was that desktop connectivity was not included in the basic retail package, a problem that was later solved with 2.x Newton devices - these were bundled with a serial cable and the appropriate Newton Connection Utilities software.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Later versions of Newton OS offered improved handwriting recognition, quite possibly a leading reason for the continued popularity of the devices among Newton users. Even given the age of the hardware and software, Newtons still demand a sale price on the used market far greater than that of comparatively aged PDAs produced by other companies. In 2006, <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a> compared an Apple MessagePad 2000 to a <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Q1" title="Samsung Q1">Samsung Q1</a>, and the Newton was declared better.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a> compared an Apple MessagePad 2000 to an <a href="/wiki/IPhone_3GS" title="IPhone 3GS">iPhone 3GS</a>, and the Newton was declared more innovative at its time of release.<sup id="cite_ref-cnet-reid-1109_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnet-reid-1109-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A chain of dedicated Newton-only stores called Newton Source, independently run by Stephen Elms, existed from 1994 until 1998<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This year is when production of the Newton ended; are there any sources that explicitly say when the Newton Source stores closed? (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Locations included New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago and Boston. The Westwood Village, California, near <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a> featured the trademark red and yellow light bulb Newton logo in <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a>. The stores provided an informative educational venue to learn about the Newton platform in a hands on relaxed fashion. The stores had no traditional computer retail counters and featured oval desktops where interested users could become intimately involved with the Newton product range. The stores were a model for the later Apple Stores.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newton_device_models">Newton device models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Newton device models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of Apple Inc. products</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Brand </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Apple </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digital_Ocean" title="Digital Ocean">Digital Ocean</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> </td> <td>Harris </td> <td>Digital Ocean </td> <td colspan="4">Apple </td> <td colspan="3">Harris </td> <td>Siemens </td> <td>Schlumberger </td></tr> <tr> <th>Device </th> <td>OMP (<b>O</b>riginal Newton <b>M</b>essage<b>P</b>ad)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Newton "Dummy" </td> <td>ExpertPad PI-7000<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Notephone.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Refexample#Self-sourcing" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Refexample">better source needed</a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>MessagePad 100<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>MessagePad 110 </td> <td>Sharp ExpertPad PI-7100<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>MessagePad 120 </td> <td>Tarpon </td> <td>Marco<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>SuperTech 2000<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Seahorse<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>MessagePad 130 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a> </td> <td>MessagePad 2000 </td> <td>MessagePad 2100 </td> <td>Access Device 2000 </td> <td>Access Device, GPS </td> <td>Access Device, Wireline </td> <td><b>Online Terminal</b>, also known as <b>Online Access Device</b>(OAD) </td> <td>Watson </td></tr> <tr> <th>Introduced </th> <td>August 3, 1993 (US) December 1993 (Germany) </td> <td>? </td> <td>August 3, 1993 (US and Japan) </td> <td>1993? </td> <td colspan="2">March 1994 </td> <td>April 1994 </td> <td>October 1994 (Germany), January 1995 (US) </td> <td colspan="2">January 1995 (US) </td> <td>August 1995 (US) </td> <td>January 1996 (US) </td> <td>March 1996 </td> <td colspan="2">March 1997 </td> <td>November 1997 </td> <td colspan="3">1998 </td> <td>Announced 1997 </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <th>Discontinued </th> <td colspan="3">March 1994 </td> <td>? </td> <td colspan="2">April 1995 </td> <td>late 1994 </td> <td>June 1996 </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>April 1997 </td> <td colspan="3">February 1998 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Code name </th> <td>Junior </td> <td> </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>Junior </td> <td>Lindy </td> <td>? </td> <td>Gelato </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>Dante </td> <td>? </td> <td>Q </td> <td>? </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Model No. </th> <td>H1000 </td> <td> </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>H1000 </td> <td>H0059 </td> <td>? </td> <td>H0131 </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>H0196 </td> <td>H0208 </td> <td>H0136 </td> <td>H0149 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Processor </th> <td colspan="13"><a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a> 610 (20 MHz) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a> 710a (25 MHz) </td> <td colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/StrongARM" title="StrongARM">StrongARM</a> SA-110 (162 MHz) </td></tr> <tr> <th>ROM </th> <td colspan="7">4 MB </td> <td colspan="2">4 MB (OS 1.3) or 8 MB (OS 2.0) </td> <td>5 MB </td> <td>4 MB </td> <td colspan="5">8 MB </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>System Memory (RAM) </th> <td colspan="5">490 KB* <a href="/wiki/Static_random-access_memory" title="Static random-access memory">SRAM</a> </td> <td>544 KB <a href="/wiki/Static_random-access_memory" title="Static random-access memory">SRAM</a> </td> <td>490 KB* <a href="/wiki/Static_random-access_memory" title="Static random-access memory">SRAM</a> </td> <td colspan="2">639/687 KB <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a> </td> <td>544 KB <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">SRAM</a> </td> <td>639 KB <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a> </td> <td colspan="2">1199 KB <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a> </td> <td>1 MB <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a> (Upgradable) </td> <td>1 MB <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a> </td> <td>4 MB <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a> </td> <td colspan="3">1 MB <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a> </td> <td>? </td> <td>1 MB <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>User Storage </th> <td colspan="5">150 KB* <a href="/wiki/Static_random-access_memory" title="Static random-access memory">SRAM</a> </td> <td>480 KB <a href="/wiki/Static_random-access_memory" title="Static random-access memory">SRAM</a> </td> <td>150 KB* <a href="/wiki/Static_random-access_memory" title="Static random-access memory">SRAM</a> </td> <td colspan="2">385/1361 KB <a href="/wiki/Flash_RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash RAM">Flash RAM</a> </td> <td>480 KB <a href="/wiki/Flash_RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash RAM">SRAM</a> </td> <td>385 KB <a href="/wiki/Flash_RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash RAM">Flash RAM</a> </td> <td colspan="2">1361 KB <a href="/wiki/Flash_RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash RAM">Flash RAM</a> </td> <td>2 MB <a href="/wiki/Flash_RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash RAM">Flash RAM</a>(Upgradable) </td> <td colspan="5">4 MB <a href="/wiki/Flash_RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash RAM">Flash RAM</a> </td> <td>? </td> <td>4 MB <a href="/wiki/Flash_RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash RAM">Flash RAM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total RAM </th> <td colspan="5">640 KB </td> <td>1 MB </td> <td>640 KB </td> <td colspan="2">1.0/2.0 MB </td> <td colspan="2">1 MB </td> <td colspan="2">2.5 MB </td> <td>3 MB (Upgradable via Internal Expansion) </td> <td>5 MB </td> <td>8 MB </td> <td colspan="3">5 MB </td> <td>? </td> <td>5 MB </td></tr> <tr> <th>Display </th> <td colspan="5">336 × 240 (B&W) </td> <td>320 × 240 (B&W) </td> <td>336 × 240 (B&W) </td> <td>320 × 240 (B&W) </td> <td>320 × 240 (B&W) w/ backlight </td> <td>320 × 240 (B&W) </td> <td colspan="3">320 × 240 (B&W) w/ backlight </td> <td colspan="6">480 × 320 grayscale (16 shades) w/ backlight </td> <td> </td> <td>480 × 320 greyscale (16 shades) w/ backlight </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton OS</a> version </th> <td colspan="3">1.0 to 1.05, or 1.10 to 1.11 </td> <td>1.11 </td> <td colspan="2">1.2 or 1.3 </td> <td>1.3 </td> <td colspan="2">1.3 or 2.0 </td> <td colspan="2">1.3 </td> <td colspan="2">2.0 </td> <td>2.1 (2.2) </td> <td colspan="2">2.1 </td> <td colspan="5">2.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Newton OS languages </th> <td>English or German </td> <td> </td> <td>English or Japanese </td> <td>German </td> <td>English, German or French </td> <td>English or French </td> <td>English or Japanese </td> <td>English, German or French </td> <td colspan="4">English </td> <td>English or German </td> <td colspan="2">English </td> <td>English or German </td> <td colspan="3">English </td> <td>German </td> <td>French </td></tr> <tr> <th>Connectivity </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a>, LocalTalk & SHARP ASK Infrared </td> <td>Modem and Telephone dock Attachment </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a>, LocalTalk & SHARP ASK Infrared </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a>, LocalTalk & SHARP ASK Infrared </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a>, LocalTalk, Infrared, <a href="/wiki/DataTAC" title="DataTAC">ARDIS Network</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a>, LocalTalk <a href="/wiki/Wireless_LAN" title="Wireless LAN">WLAN</a>, V.22bis modem, Analog/Digital Cellular, <a href="/wiki/Cellular_digital_packet_data" title="Cellular digital packet data">CDPD</a>, RAM, <a href="/wiki/DataTAC" title="DataTAC">ARDIS</a>, Trunk Radio </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a>, LocalTalk, <a href="/wiki/Cellular_digital_packet_data" title="Cellular digital packet data">CDPD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wireless_LAN" title="Wireless LAN">WLAN</a>, Optional dGPS, GSM, or IR via modular attachments </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a>, LocalTalk & SHARP ASK Infrared </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IrDA" class="mw-redirect" title="IrDA">IrDA</a>, headphone port, Interconnect port, LocalTalk, Audio I/O, Autodock </td> <td>Dual-mode IR;<a href="/wiki/IrDA" class="mw-redirect" title="IrDA">IrDA</a> & SHARP ASK, LocalTalk, Audio I/O, Autodock, Phone I/O </td> <td>Dual-mode IR; <a href="/wiki/IrDA" class="mw-redirect" title="IrDA">IrDA</a> & SHARP ASK, LocalTalk, Audio I/O, Autodock </td> <td colspan="3">Dual-mode IR;<a href="/wiki/IrDA" class="mw-redirect" title="IrDA">IrDA</a> & SHARP ASK, LocalTalk, Audio I/O, Autodock, Phone I/O </td> <td>? </td> <td>Dual-mode IR;<a href="/wiki/IrDA" class="mw-redirect" title="IrDA">IrDA</a> & SHARP ASK, LocalTalk, Audio I/O, Autodock, Phone I/O </td></tr> <tr> <th>PCMCIA </th> <td colspan="13">1 <a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PCMCIA-slot</a> II, 5v or 12v </td> <td>1 <a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PCMCIA-slot</a> I/II/III, 5v </td> <td colspan="2">2 <a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PCMCIA-slot</a> II, 5v or 12v </td> <td colspan="2">1 <a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PCMCIA-slot</a> II, 5v or 12v </td> <td>1 <a href="/wiki/PC_Card" title="PC Card">PCMCIA-slot</a> II, 5v or 12v, 2nd slot Propriety Rado Card </td> <td colspan="2">1 <a href="/wiki/PC_card" class="mw-redirect" title="PC card">PCMCIA-slot</a> II, 5v or 12v, 1 Smart Card Reader </td></tr> <tr> <th>Power </th> <td colspan="5">4 AAA or <a href="/wiki/NiCd" class="mw-redirect" title="NiCd">NiCd</a> rechargeable or external power supply </td> <td>4 AA or <a href="/wiki/NiCd" class="mw-redirect" title="NiCd">NiCd</a> rechargeable or external power supply </td> <td>4 AAA or <a href="/wiki/NiCd" class="mw-redirect" title="NiCd">NiCd</a> rechargeable or external power supply </td> <td>4 AA or <a href="/wiki/NiCd" class="mw-redirect" title="NiCd">NiCd</a> rechargeable or external power supply </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/NiCd" class="mw-redirect" title="NiCd">NiCd</a> battery pack or external power supply </td> <td>4 AA or <a href="/wiki/NiCd" class="mw-redirect" title="NiCd">NiCd</a> rechargeable or external power supply </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NiCd" class="mw-redirect" title="NiCd">NiCd</a> battery pack or external power supply </td> <td>4 AA or <a href="/wiki/NiCd" class="mw-redirect" title="NiCd">NiCd</a> rechargeable or external power supply </td> <td>NiMH battery pack (built-in) or external power supply </td> <td colspan="2">4 AA or <a href="/wiki/NiMH" class="mw-redirect" title="NiMH">NiMH</a> rechargeable or external power supply </td> <td colspan="3">Custom <a href="/wiki/NiMH" class="mw-redirect" title="NiMH">NiMH</a> rechargeable or external power supply </td> <td>? Unknown, but likely external power supply </td> <td>4 AA or <a href="/wiki/NiMH" class="mw-redirect" title="NiMH">NiMH</a> rechargeable or external power supply </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dimensions <p>(HxWxD) </p> </th> <td>184.75 mm × 114.3 mm × 19.05 mm (7.274 in × 4.500 in × 0.750 in) </td> <td> </td> <td>182 mm × 112 mm × 28 mm (7.2 in × 4.4 in × 1.1 in) <p>(lid open) </p> </td> <td colspan="2">184.75 mm × 114.3 mm × 19.05 mm (7.274 in × 4.500 in × 0.750 in) </td> <td>203.2 mm × 101.6 mm × 30 mm (8.00 in × 4.00 in × 1.18 in) </td> <td>182 mm × 112 mm × 28 mm (7.2 in × 4.4 in × 1.1 in) <p>(lid open) </p> </td> <td>203.2 mm × 101.6 mm × 30 mm (8.00 in × 4.00 in × 1.18 in) </td> <td>254 mm × 114.3 mm × 63.5 mm (10.00 in × 4.50 in × 2.50 in) </td> <td>190.5 mm × 147.32 mm × 35.56 mm (7.500 in × 5.800 in × 1.400 in) </td> <td>? </td> <td>241.3 mm × 114.3 mm × 63.5 mm (9.50 in × 4.50 in × 2.50 in) </td> <td>203.2 mm × 101.6 mm × 30 mm (8.00 in × 4.00 in × 1.18 in) </td> <td>305 mm × 290 mm × 53.3 mm (12.01 in × 11.42 in × 2.10 in) </td> <td colspan="2">211 mm × 119.4 mm × 27.9 mm (8.31 in × 4.70 in × 1.10 in) </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>9 x 14.5 x 5.1 inches <p><small>(23 x 37 x 13 cm)</small> </p> </td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <th>Weight </th> <td>0.4 kg (0.88 lb) </td> <td> </td> <td>0.44 kg (0.97 lb) <p>with batteries installed </p> </td> <td> </td> <td>0.4 kg (0.88 lb) </td> <td>0.475 or 0.58 kg (1.05 or 1.28 lb) with batteries installed </td> <td>0.44 kg (0.97 lb) <p>with batteries installed </p> </td> <td>0.475 or 0.58 kg (1.05 or 1.28 lb)with batteries installed </td> <td>1.45 kg (3 lb 3 oz) </td> <td>0.82 kg (1 lb 13 oz) </td> <td>? </td> <td>1.36 kg (3.0 lb) </td> <td>0.475 or 0.58 kg (1.05 or 1.28 lb) <p>with batteries installed </p> </td> <td>1.81 kg (4.0 lb) </td> <td colspan="2">0.64 kg (1.4 lb) </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>* Varies with installed OS </p><p><b>Notes:</b> The eMate 300 actually has ROM chips silk screened with 2.2 on them. Stephanie Mak on her website discusses this:<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If one removes all patches to the eMate 300 (by replacing the ROM chip, and then putting in the original one again, as the eMate and the MessagePad 2000/2100 devices erase their memory completely after replacing the chip), the result will be the Newton OS saying that this is version 2.2.00. Also, the Original MessagePad and the MessagePad 100 share the same model number, as they only differ in the ROM chip version. (The OMP has OS versions 1.0 to 1.05, or 1.10 to 1.11, while the MP100 has 1.3 that can be upgraded with various patches.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Timeline of Newton models <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_Newton_models" title="Template:Timeline of Newton models"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Timeline_of_Newton_models" title="Template talk:Timeline of Newton models"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline_of_Newton_models" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline of Newton models"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_gib7e3v2vqrsoi1v4o4liqwbhnv1t3q"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_G3" coords="669,136,716,157" title="PowerBook G3" alt="PowerBook G3" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_2400c" coords="592,136,656,157" title="PowerBook 2400c" alt="PowerBook 2400c" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" coords="326,136,390,157" title="PowerBook Duo" alt="PowerBook Duo" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" coords="111,136,230,157" title="Power Macintosh" alt="Power Macintosh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" coords="10,136,118,157" title="PowerBook Duo" alt="PowerBook Duo" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/eMate_300" coords="567,118,653,138" title="eMate 300" alt="eMate 300" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="669,99,727,120" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="567,81,625,102" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="415,63,468,83" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="200,44,252,65" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="111,26,163,47" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="111,7,163,28" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="22,7,103,28" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_gib7e3v2vqrsoi1v4o4liqwbhnv1t3q" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/gib7e3v2vqrsoi1v4o4liqwbhnv1t3q.png" /></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of Apple Inc. products</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Third_party_licenses">Third party licenses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Third party licenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton OS</a> was also licensed to a number of third-party developers including Sharp and Motorola who developed additional PDA devices based on the Newton platform. Motorola added wireless connectivity, as well as made a unique two-part design, and shipped additional software with its Newton device, called the Marco.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sharp developed a line of Newton devices called the ExpertPad PI-7000/7100; those were the same as Apple's MessagePad and MessagePad 100, the only difference is the physical design (the ExpertPads feature a screen lid, which Apple added in 1994 with the release of the MessagePad 110) and the naming. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PSAINS_InteractStation7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/PSAINS_InteractStation7.jpg/250px-PSAINS_InteractStation7.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/PSAINS_InteractStation7.jpg/375px-PSAINS_InteractStation7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/PSAINS_InteractStation7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>Petrosains uses Newton technology.</figcaption></figure> <p>There were a number of projects that used the Newton as a portable information device in cultural settings such as museums. For example, Visible Interactive created a walking tour in San Francisco's Chinatown but the most significant effort took place in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Petronas" title="Petronas">Petronas</a> Discovery Center, known as <a href="/wiki/Petrosains" title="Petrosains">Petrosains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, an exhibit design firm, DMCD Inc., was awarded the contract to design a new 100,000-square-foot (9,300 m<sup>2</sup>) science museum in the <a href="/wiki/Petronas_Towers" title="Petronas Towers">Petronas Towers</a> in Kuala Lumpur. A major factor in the award was the concept that visitors would use a Newton device to access additional information, find out where they were in the museum, listen to audio, see animations, control robots and other media, and to bookmark information for printout at the end of the exhibit. </p><p>The device became known as the ARIF, a Malay word for "wise man" or "seer" and it was also an acronym for A Resourceful Informative Friend. Some 400 ARIFS were installed and over 300 are still in use today. The development of the ARIF system was extremely complex and required a team of hardware and software engineers, designers, and writers. ARIF is an ancestor of the PDA systems used in museums today and it boasted features that have not been attempted since. </p><p>Anyway & Company firm was involved with the Petronas Discovery Center project back in 1998 and NDAs were signed which prevents getting to know more information about this project. It was confirmed that they purchased of MP2000u or MP2100's by this firm on the behalf of the project under the name of "Petrosains Project Account". By 1998 they had invested heavily into the R&D of this project with the Newton at the center. After Apple officially cancelled the Newton in 1998 they had to acquire as many Newtons as possible for this project. It was estimated initially 1000 Newtons, but later readjusted the figure to possibly 750 Newtons. They placed an “Internet Call” for Newtons. They purchased them in large and small quantities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The only citation for these 4 paragraphs is the home page of the museum, despite making many non-trivial claims. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Newton was also used in healthcare applications, for example in collecting data directly from patients. Newtons were used as electronic diaries, with patients entering their symptoms and other information concerning their health status on a daily basis. The compact size of the device and its ease of use made it possible for the electronic diaries to be carried around and used in the patients' everyday life setting. This was an early example of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_patient-reported_outcome" title="Electronic patient-reported outcome">electronic patient-reported outcomes</a> (ePRO).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Newton (platform)">Newton (platform)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_OS" title="Newton OS">Newton OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewtonScript" title="NewtonScript">NewtonScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphaned_technology" title="Orphaned technology">Orphaned technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_computing" title="Pen computing">Pen computing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ai-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ai_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ai_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ai_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2023" class="citation web cs1">Gallagher, William (August 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://appleinsider.com/articles/18/08/02/newton-launched-august-2-1993-setting-the-stage-for-what-would-become-the-ipad-and-iphone">"Newton launched August 2, 1993 setting the stage for what would become the iPad and iPhone"</a>. <i>AppleInsider</i>. Quiller Media, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210503053544/https://appleinsider.com/articles/18/08/02/newton-launched-august-2-1993-setting-the-stage-for-what-would-become-the-ipad-and-iphone">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AppleInsider&rft.atitle=Newton+launched+August+2%2C+1993+setting+the+stage+for+what+would+become+the+iPad+and+iPhone&rft.date=2023-08-03&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fappleinsider.com%2Farticles%2F18%2F08%2F02%2Fnewton-launched-august-2-1993-setting-the-stage-for-what-would-become-the-ipad-and-iphone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MW-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MW_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MW_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2013" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Benj (August 26, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macworld.com/article/221736/remembering-the-newton-messagepad-20-years-later.html">"Remembering the Newton MessagePad, 20 years later"</a>. <i>Macworld</i>. IDG Consumer & Small Business Publishing (CSMB), IDG Communications Inc. (d.b.a. Foundry), International Data Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210503171926/https://www.macworld.com/article/221736/remembering-the-newton-messagepad-20-years-later.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+Newton+MessagePad%2C+20+years+later&rft.date=2013-08-26&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Benj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F221736%2Fremembering-the-newton-messagepad-20-years-later.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iMore-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iMore_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2018" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Peter (March 3, 2018) [August 6, 2013]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imore.com/messagepad-ipad-20-years-newtons-impact-can-still-be-felt">"From MessagePad to iPad: 20 years on, the Newton's impact can still be felt"</a>. <i>iMore</i>. New York, NY: Future US, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127172232/https://www.imore.com/messagepad-ipad-20-years-newtons-impact-can-still-be-felt">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iMore&rft.atitle=From+MessagePad+to+iPad%3A+20+years+on%2C+the+Newton%27s+impact+can+still+be+felt.&rft.date=2018-03-03&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imore.com%2Fmessagepad-ipad-20-years-newtons-impact-can-still-be-felt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCary1993" class="citation news cs1">Cary, Lu (September 1, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MacWorld_9309_September_1993/page/n103/mode/2up">"A Small Revelation. Newton has arrived - at long last"</a>. <i>Macworld</i>. p. 102<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=A+Small+Revelation.+Newton+has+arrived+-+at+long+last&rft.pages=102&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=Lu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FMacWorld_9309_September_1993%2Fpage%2Fn103%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1994" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Jack (September 19, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grot.com/zoomer/zoomer-list/zoomer-list-3Q1994/0048.html">"Graffiti Arrives! -- Press Release enclosed: Palm Computing Delivers Major Advance in Handwriting RecognitionTechnology"</a>. <i>3Q1994 Zoomer-List Archives, Zoomer mailing list archives, Zoomer PDA WWW Information Service</i>. LOS ALTOS, Calif.: Palm Computing, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160627002502/http://www.grot.com/zoomer/zoomer-list/zoomer-list-3Q1994/0048.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=3Q1994+Zoomer-List+Archives%2C+Zoomer+mailing+list+archives%2C+Zoomer+PDA+WWW+Information+Service&rft.atitle=Graffiti+Arrives%21+--+Press+Release+enclosed%3A+Palm+Computing+Delivers+Major+Advance+in+Handwriting+RecognitionTechnology.&rft.date=1994-09-19&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grot.com%2Fzoomer%2Fzoomer-list%2Fzoomer-list-3Q1994%2F0048.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://download.info.apple.com/Apple_Support_Area/Manuals/newton/0307258ANEWTONMP.PDF">"Newton: Apple MessagePad Handbook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. PDF file created by Kady Ingham on July 16, 2001 using Acrobat Distiller 5.00 for Macintosh. Cupertino, CA: Apple Computer, Inc. 1995. Part No. 030-7258 (listed in <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080406215949/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=50092">https://web.archive.org/web/20080406215949/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=50092</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newton%3A+Apple+MessagePad+Handbook&rft.place=Cupertino%2C+CA&rft.pub=Apple+Computer%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownload.info.apple.com%2FApple_Support_Area%2FManuals%2Fnewton%2F0307258ANEWTONMP.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HWR accuracy: <ul><li>See comments in Wired's Apple Newton Just Won't Drop: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahney2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Kahney, Leander (August 29, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2002/08/apples-newton-just-wont-drop-2/">"Apple's Newton Just Won't Drop"</a>. <i>WIRED</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070305034333/http://www.wired.com/news/mac/0,2125,54580,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WIRED&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+Newton+Just+Won%27t+Drop&rft.date=2002-08-29&rft.aulast=Kahney&rft.aufirst=Leander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2002%2F08%2Fapples-newton-just-wont-drop-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>See text under "Handwriting Recognition" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/developer/newton_20.html">Pen Computing's First Look at Newton OS 2.0</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuang1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Huang, Vernon (December 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/developer/newton_20.html">"First Look: Newton OS 2.0"</a>. <i>Pen Computing Magazine</i>. No. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220330084907/http://www.pencomputing.com/developer/newton_20.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pen+Computing+Magazine&rft.atitle=First+Look%3A+Newton+OS+2.0&rft.issue=7&rft.date=1995-12&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Vernon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pencomputing.com%2Fdeveloper%2Fnewton_20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>See "Opportunity Squandered" in Pen Computing's Why did Apple kill the Newton?: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacNeill1998" class="citation magazine cs1">MacNeill, David (June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/frames/newton_obituary.html">"Why did Apple kill the Newton?"</a>. <i>Pen Computing Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061212155656/http://pencomputing.com/frames/newton_obituary.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pen+Computing+Magazine&rft.atitle=Why+did+Apple+kill+the+Newton%3F&rft.date=1998-06&rft.aulast=MacNeill&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pencomputing.com%2Fframes%2Fnewton_obituary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>See comments under "Software" in MacTech's MessagePad 2000 review: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRingel1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Ringel, Edward (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://preserve.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.13/13.04/NewtonGetSerious/index.html">"Newton? Get Serious!"</a>. Tools Of The Trade. <i>MacTech Magazine</i>. Vol. 13, no. 4. Xplain Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061020113709/http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.13/13.04/NewtonGetSerious/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MacTech+Magazine&rft.atitle=Newton%3F+Get+Serious%21&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Ringel&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpreserve.mactech.com%2Farticles%2Fmactech%2FVol.13%2F13.04%2FNewtonGetSerious%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Comments by Pen Computing's editor: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlickenstorfer2000" class="citation magazine cs1">Blickenstorfer, Conrad H. (June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/editor/editor_34.html">"From the editor: Commentary by Pen Computing Magazine's editor-in-chief"</a>. <i>Pen Computing Magazine</i>. No. 34. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061016131338/http://pencomputing.com/editor/editor_34.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pen+Computing+Magazine&rft.atitle=From+the+editor%3A+Commentary+by+Pen+Computing+Magazine%27s+editor-in-chief&rft.issue=34&rft.date=2000-06&rft.aulast=Blickenstorfer&rft.aufirst=Conrad+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pencomputing.com%2Feditor%2Feditor_34.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>See user testing results discussed in part 6 of this A.I. Magazine article on Newton HWR: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaegerWebbLyon1998" class="citation journal cs1">Yaeger, Larry S.; Webb, Brandyn J.; Lyon, Richard F. (March 15, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1355">"Combining Neural Networks and Context-Driven Search for Online, Printed Handwriting Recognition in the NEWTON"</a>. <i>AI Magazine</i>. <b>19</b> (1). American Association for Artificial Intelligence: 86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1609%2Faimag.v19i1.1355">10.1609/aimag.v19i1.1355</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2371-9621">2371-9621</a>. 0738-4602-1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AI+Magazine&rft.atitle=Combining+Neural+Networks+and+Context-Driven+Search+for+Online%2C+Printed+Handwriting+Recognition+in+the+NEWTON&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=86&rft.date=1998-03-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1609%2Faimag.v19i1.1355&rft.issn=2371-9621&rft.aulast=Yaeger&rft.aufirst=Larry+S.&rft.au=Webb%2C+Brandyn+J.&rft.au=Lyon%2C+Richard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.aaai.org%2Faimagazine%2Findex.php%2Faimagazine%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>MessagePad 2000 review at Small Dog Electronics: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayer1997" class="citation web cs1">Mayer, Don (July 1, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080416113926/http://www.smalldog.com/newsarchive/kibbles_display.php?id=29">"Kibbles &Bytes; #29: Don's Review of the Newton Message Pad 2000"</a>. <i>Kibbles&Bytes; weekly E-Mailing</i>. Warren, Vermont, USA: Small Dog Electronics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smalldog.com/newsarchive/kibbles_display.php?id=29">the original</a> on April 16, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kibbles%26Bytes%3B+weekly+E-Mailing&rft.atitle=Kibbles+%26Bytes%3B+%2329%3A+Don%27s+Review+of+the+Newton+Message+Pad+2000&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smalldog.com%2Fnewsarchive%2Fkibbles_display.php%3Fid%3D29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>See comments under "Note-taking" in MessagePad 2000 review at "The History and Macintosh Society": <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlingsporn1997" class="citation web cs1">Klingsporn, Geoffrey (May 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060920125747/http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~mac/mp2000.html">"The Postgraduate Newton: a month in academia with Apple's new handheld computer"</a>. <i>H-Mac Discussion Network, H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online</i>. The History and Macintosh Society (H-MAC), Michigan State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~mac/mp2000.html">the original</a> on September 20, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H-Mac+Discussion+Network%2C+H-Net%3A+Humanities+and+Social+Sciences+Online&rft.atitle=The+Postgraduate+Newton%3A+a+month+in+academia+with+Apple%27s+new+handheld+computer&rft.date=1997-05&rft.aulast=Klingsporn&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-net.msu.edu%2F~mac%2Fmp2000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>What's Right With The Newton: HWR: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWittmann" class="citation web cs1">Wittmann, Michael C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20060908164609/http://perlnet.umephy.maine.edu/bio/wittmann/pooter/newtuse/hwr.html">"What's Right With The Newton"</a>. <i>Michael C. Wittmann: Personal pages: Random Interests I: Computing</i>. Physics Education Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perlnet.umephy.maine.edu/bio/wittmann/pooter/newtuse/hwr.html">the original</a> on September 8, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michael+C.+Wittmann%3A+Personal+pages%3A+Random+Interests+I%3A+Computing&rft.atitle=What%27s+Right+With+The+Newton&rft.aulast=Wittmann&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperlnet.umephy.maine.edu%2Fbio%2Fwittmann%2Fpooter%2Fnewtuse%2Fhwr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Assessment by Apple developer: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaeger2006" class="citation web cs1">Yaeger, Larry (February 13, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shinyverse.org/larryy/ANHR.html">"Apple-Newton Handwriting Recognition"</a>. <i>ShinyVerse</i>. Indiana University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717074702/http://www.beanblossom.in.us/larryy/ANHR.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ShinyVerse&rft.atitle=Apple-Newton+Handwriting+Recognition&rft.date=2006-02-13&rft.aulast=Yaeger&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshinyverse.org%2Flarryy%2FANHR.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-writing.berkeley.edu/TESL-EJ/ej07/mr1.html">Prof. Warden's MessagePad 130 review</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarden1997" class="citation journal cs1">Warden, Clyde A. (January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume2/ej07/ej07m1/">"MessagePad 130"</a>. Hardware Review. <i>The Electronic Journal for English as a Second Language (TESL-EJ)</i>. <b>2</b> (3). Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1072-4303">1072-4303</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061231035454/http://www-writing.berkeley.edu/tesl-ej/ej07/mr1.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Electronic+Journal+for+English+as+a+Second+Language+%28TESL-EJ%29&rft.atitle=MessagePad+130&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1997-01&rft.eissn=1072-4303&rft.aulast=Warden&rft.aufirst=Clyde+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftesl-ej.org%2Fwordpress%2Fissues%2Fvolume2%2Fej07%2Fej07m1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharp2006" class="citation web cs1">Sharp, Maurice (November 6, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newtontalk.net/archive/newtontalk/2006-November/0127.html">"[NTLK] Random historical thoughts..."</a> <i>The NewtonTalk Mailing List</i>. NewtonTalk & Friends. Also archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://marc.info/?l=newtontalk&m=116284333623124">https://marc.info/?l=newtontalk&m=116284333623124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+NewtonTalk+Mailing+List&rft.atitle=%5BNTLK%5D+Random+historical+thoughts...&rft.date=2006-11-06&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newtontalk.net%2Farchive%2Fnewtontalk%2F2006-November%2F0127.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|postscript=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2020" class="citation web cs1">Ward, Jean Renard (2020) [1992]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/penhist.html">"Notes on the (relatively unknown) History of Pen-based Computing"</a>. <i>Annotated Bibliography in Touch/Pen Computing and Handwriting Recognition by Jean Renard Ward</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170418162718/http://users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/penhist.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2010</span>. <q>This is a short outline of a presentation on the history of "pen computing" I gave for the Pen Computing group of the Boston Computer Society, March 11, 1992. Unfortunately, I did not keep the full set of slides, which had pictures of the products and systems. However, Dan Bricklin (CTO at Slate Corporation at the time) has posted a video of the same presentation on youtube, which does show all the pictures and slides: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xnqKdWMa_8">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xnqKdWMa_8</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Annotated+Bibliography+in+Touch%2FPen+Computing+and+Handwriting+Recognition+by+Jean+Renard+Ward&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+%28relatively+unknown%29+History+of+Pen-based+Computing&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Jean+Renard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.erols.com%2Frwservices%2Fpens%2Fpenhist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|quote=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuang1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Huang, Vernon (December 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/developer/newton_20.html">"First Look: Newton OS 2.0"</a>. <i>Pen Computing Magazine</i>. No. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220330084907/http://www.pencomputing.com/developer/newton_20.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pen+Computing+Magazine&rft.atitle=First+Look%3A+Newton+OS+2.0&rft.issue=7&rft.date=1995-12&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Vernon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pencomputing.com%2Fdeveloper%2Fnewton_20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resources.oreilly.com/examples/9780596529529/-/blob/master/ink_handwriting_recognition.pdf">"Ink: Handwriting Recognition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Supplemental Content for Mac OS X Leopard: The Missing Manual by David Pogue</i>. O'Reilly Media, Inc. June 27, 2017 [December 6, 2007]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2023</span> – via GitLab.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Supplemental+Content+for+Mac+OS+X+Leopard%3A+The+Missing+Manual+by+David+Pogue&rft.atitle=Ink%3A+Handwriting+Recognition&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresources.oreilly.com%2Fexamples%2F9780596529529%2F-%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2Fink_handwriting_recognition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smu.edu/">"SMU | World Changers Shaped Here!"</a>. <i>www.smu.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020053132/https://www.smu.edu/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.smu.edu&rft.atitle=SMU+%7C+World+Changers+Shaped+Here%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smu.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HMcC-NR-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HMcC-NR_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HMcC-NR_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCracken2012" class="citation magazine cs1">McCracken, Harry (June 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techland.time.com/2012/06/01/newton-reconsidered/">"Newton, Reconsidered / Apple's Newton MessagePad PDA at Twenty"</a>. Technologizer. <i>Time</i>. TIME USA, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715005844/http://techland.time.com/2012/06/01/newton-reconsidered/">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Newton%2C+Reconsidered+%2F+Apple%27s+Newton+MessagePad+PDA+at+Twenty&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft.aulast=McCracken&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechland.time.com%2F2012%2F06%2F01%2Fnewton-reconsidered%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BSsun-steals-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BSsun-steals_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1993-08-09-1993221046-story.html">"Newton steals the show at Boston Macworld Expo"</a>. <i>Baltimore Sun</i>. Tribune Publishing. Knight-Ridder. August 9, 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714133644/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-08-09/business/1993221046_1_newton-booth-messagepad">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Newton+steals+the+show+at+Boston+Macworld+Expo&rft.date=1993-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1993-08-09-1993221046-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens2011" class="citation web cs1">Stevens, Chris (September 21, 2011) [July 27, 2006]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apple-newton-vs-samsung-q1-umpc/">"Apple Newton vs Samsung Q1 UMPC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a></i>. CNET Networks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100804160720/http://crave.cnet.co.uk/laptops/apple-newton-vs-samsung-q1-umpc-49282099/">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Apple+Newton+vs+Samsung+Q1+UMPC&rft.date=2011-09-21&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Ftech%2Fcomputing%2Fapple-newton-vs-samsung-q1-umpc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnet-reid-1109-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnet-reid-1109_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReidGraham2009" class="citation web cs1">Reid, Rory; Graham, Flora (November 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-newton-vs-apple-iphone/">"Apple Newton vs Apple iPhone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a></i>. 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The suitability of a pen-based electronic diary (Apple MessagePad) for this purpose was assessed in a clinical trial setting.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=The+use+of+electronic+diaries+in+respiratory+studies&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=759-764&rft.date=1997-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55963529%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0092-8615&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F009286159703100317&rft.aulast=Tiplady&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Crompton%2C+G.+K.&rft.au=Dewar%2C+M.+H.&rft.au=B%C3%B6llert%2C+F.+G.+E.&rft.au=Matusiewicz%2C+S.+P.&rft.au=Campbell%2C+L.+M.&rft.au=Brackenridge%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1177%2F009286159703100317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Apple's press release on the debut of the MessagePad 2100: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304112558/https://www.apple.com/ca/press/1997/10/MP2100.html">"Apple's New MessagePad 2100 Offers Enhanced Performance For Today's Mobile, Information-Centric Users: Newest Member of MessagePad Family Features Increased System Memory, Higher Performance, Upgraded Communications Software"</a> (Press release). MARKHAM, Ontario: Apple Canada. October 20, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/ca/press/1997/10/MP2100.html">the original</a> on March 4, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple%27s+New+MessagePad+2100+Offers+Enhanced+Performance+For+Today%27s+Mobile%2C+Information-Centric+Users%3A+Newest+Member+of+MessagePad+Family+Features+Increased+System+Memory%2C+Higher+Performance%2C+Upgraded+Communications+Software&rft.place=MARKHAM%2C+Ontario&rft.pub=Apple+Canada&rft.date=1997-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fca%2Fpress%2F1997%2F10%2FMP2100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Apple's overview of features & limitations of Newton Connection Utilities: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071215144351/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=38006">"Newton Connection Utilities 1.0 for Windows - ReadMe"</a>. Apple Inc. December 22, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=38006">the original</a> on December 15, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newton+Connection+Utilities+1.0+for+Windows+-+ReadMe&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=1997-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.info.apple.com%2Farticle.html%3Fartnum%3D38006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Newton overview at Newton Source archived from Apple: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070128125654/http://www.oldschool.net/newton/papers/index130.html">"MessagePad 130: The entry-level handheld computer"</a>. Apple Computer, Inc. February 1996. L01722A. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldschool.net/newton/papers/index130.html">the original</a> on January 28, 2007 – via oldschool.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MessagePad+130%3A+The+entry-level+handheld+computer.&rft.pub=Apple+Computer%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1996-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldschool.net%2Fnewton%2Fpapers%2Findex130.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Newton FAQ: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeyerRandLukeGuyot2003" class="citation web cs1">Weyer, Steve; Rand, Peter; Luke, Sean; Guyot, Paul; Padilla, Daniel (March 20, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.chuma.org/newton/faq/">"FAQ for the Newton Community"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030408173039/http://www.chuma.org/newton/faq/">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2003 – via Victor Rehorst from Newton Resources.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ+for+the+Newton+Community&rft.date=2003-03-20&rft.aulast=Weyer&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Rand%2C+Peter&rft.au=Luke%2C+Sean&rft.au=Guyot%2C+Paul&rft.au=Padilla%2C+Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.chuma.org%2Fnewton%2Ffaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Newton Gallery: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuckie2020" class="citation web cs1">Luckie, Douglass (June 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cf.psl.msu.edu/newtgal.htm">"Newton Gallery!"</a>. <i>Michigan State Newton SIG (MSNUG), Michigan State Palmtop User Group (MSPUG)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126080259/http://www.msu.edu/~luckie/newtgal.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2023</span> – via Michigan State University (MSU) Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Research Laboratory.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michigan+State+Newton+SIG+%28MSNUG%29%2C+Michigan+State+Palmtop+User+Group+%28MSPUG%29&rft.atitle=Newton+Gallery%21&rft.date=2020-06-08&rft.aulast=Luckie&rft.aufirst=Douglass&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcf.psl.msu.edu%2Fnewtgal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Birth of the Newton: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHormby2013" class="citation web cs1">Hormby, Tom (August 6, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lowendmac.com/2013/the-story-behind-apples-newton/">"The Story Behind Apple's Newton"</a>. <i>Low End Mac</i>. http://goo.gl/YKSx9L.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Low+End+Mac&rft.atitle=The+Story+Behind+Apple%27s+Newton&rft.date=2013-08-06&rft.aulast=Hormby&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flowendmac.com%2F2013%2Fthe-story-behind-apples-newton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>The Newton Hall of Fame: People behind the Newton: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuckie2020" class="citation web cs1">Luckie, Douglass (May 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cf.psl.msu.edu/hallofame.htm">"Newton Hall of Fame"</a>. <i>Michigan State Newton SIG (MSNUG), Michigan State Palmtop User Group (MSPUG)</i> – via Michigan State University (MSU) Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Research Laboratory.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michigan+State+Newton+SIG+%28MSNUG%29%2C+Michigan+State+Palmtop+User+Group+%28MSPUG%29&rft.atitle=Newton+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft.aulast=Luckie&rft.aufirst=Douglass&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcf.psl.msu.edu%2Fhallofame.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Pen Computing's Why did Apple kill the Newton?: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacNeill1998" class="citation magazine cs1">MacNeill, David (June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/frames/newton_obituary.html">"Why did Apple kill the Newton?"</a>. <i>Pen Computing Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pen+Computing+Magazine&rft.atitle=Why+did+Apple+kill+the+Newton%3F&rft.date=1998-06&rft.aulast=MacNeill&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pencomputing.com%2Fframes%2Fnewton_obituary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Pen Computing's Newton Notes column archive: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacNeill2008" class="citation magazine cs1">MacNeill, David (April 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/Newton/">"Newton Notes Archive"</a>. <i>Pen Computing Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pen+Computing+Magazine&rft.atitle=Newton+Notes+Archive&rft.date=2008-04-05&rft.aulast=MacNeill&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pencomputing.com%2FNewton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>A.I. Magazine article by Yaeger on Newton HWR design, algorithms, & quality: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaegerWebbLyon1998" class="citation journal cs1">Yaeger, Larry S.; Webb, Brandyn J.; Lyon, Richard F. (March 15, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1355">"Combining Neural Networks and Context-Driven Search for Online, Printed Handwriting Recognition in the NEWTON"</a>. <i>AI Magazine</i>. <b>19</b> (1). American Association for Artificial Intelligence: 73–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1609%2Faimag.v19i1.1355">10.1609/aimag.v19i1.1355</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2371-9621">2371-9621</a>. 0738-4602-1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AI+Magazine&rft.atitle=Combining+Neural+Networks+and+Context-Driven+Search+for+Online%2C+Printed+Handwriting+Recognition+in+the+NEWTON&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-90&rft.date=1998-03-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1609%2Faimag.v19i1.1355&rft.issn=2371-9621&rft.aulast=Yaeger&rft.aufirst=Larry+S.&rft.au=Webb%2C+Brandyn+J.&rft.au=Lyon%2C+Richard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.aaai.org%2Faimagazine%2Findex.php%2Faimagazine%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>Associated slides: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaeger2004" class="citation conference cs1">Yaeger, Larry (September 4–5, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwnc.newtontalk.net/2004/program/larryyaeger/slides-larryyaeger.pdf"><i>Handwriting Recognition Technology in the Newton's Second Generation "Print Recognizer" (The One That Worked)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Wide Newton Conference 2004. <i>Worldwide Newton Conference</i>. Paris, France.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Worldwide+Newton+Conference&rft.atitle=Handwriting+Recognition+Technology+in+the+Newton%27s+Second+Generation+%22Print+Recognizer%22+%28The+One+That+Worked%29&rft.date=2004-09-04%2F2004-09-05&rft.aulast=Yaeger&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwnc.newtontalk.net%2F2004%2Fprogram%2Flarryyaeger%2Fslides-larryyaeger.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Info on Newton HWR from Apple's HWR Technical Lead: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaeger2006" class="citation web cs1">Yaeger, Larry (February 13, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shinyverse.org/larryy/ANHR.html">"Apple-Newton Handwriting Recognition"</a>. <i>ShinyVerse</i>. Indiana University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717074702/http://www.beanblossom.in.us/larryy/ANHR.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ShinyVerse&rft.atitle=Apple-Newton+Handwriting+Recognition&rft.date=2006-02-13&rft.aulast=Yaeger&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshinyverse.org%2Flarryy%2FANHR.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Notes on the History of Pen-based Computing: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard1992" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Ward, Jean Renard (March 11, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xnqKdWMa_8"><i>Notes on the History of Pen-based Computing</i></a> (Videotape). Uploaded to YouTube by Dan Bricklin (@danbcast) on March 31, 2013; the video is titled "History of Pen-Based Computing - March 1992, Jean Renard Ward". State Corporation / East. <q>A video of Jean Renard Ward re-creating a talk he gave to a Boston Computer Society special interest group two days before in 1992. This covers many, many devices and approaches in the years before that time. For more info from him, see: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://users.erols.com/rwservices/biblio.html">http://users.erols.com/rwservices/biblio.html</a></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notes+on+the+History+of+Pen-based+Computing&rft.pub=State+Corporation+%2F+East&rft.date=1992-03-11&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Jean+Renard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4xnqKdWMa_8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_AV_media" title="Template:Cite AV media">cite AV media</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|quote=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> <ul><li>This links to: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2023" class="citation journal cs1">Ward, Jean Renard (September 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.erols.com/rwservices/biblio.html">"History of Pen and Gesture Computing: Annotated Bibliography in On-line Character Recognition, Pen Computing, Gesture User Interfaces and Tablet and Touch Computers"</a>. <i>Rueters-Ward / Zurück zur Heimatseite Rüters-Ward</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13140%2F2.1.3018.8322">10.13140/2.1.3018.8322</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2023</span>. <q>Mirrors of this page can be found at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ruetersward/biblio.html">http://ruetersward/biblio.html</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://users.rcn.com/rwservices/biblio.html">http://users.rcn.com/rwservices/biblio.html</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://users.erols.com/rwservices/biblio.html">http://users.erols.com/rwservices/biblio.html</a>, http://rwservices.no-ip.info:81/biblio.html</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rueters-Ward+%2F+Zur%C3%BCck+zur+Heimatseite+R%C3%BCters-Ward&rft.atitle=History+of+Pen+and+Gesture+Computing%3A+Annotated+Bibliography+in+On-line+Character+Recognition%2C+Pen+Computing%2C+Gesture+User+Interfaces+and+Tablet+and+Touch+Computers&rft.date=2023-09-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13140%2F2.1.3018.8322&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Jean+Renard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.erols.com%2Frwservices%2Fbiblio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessagePad" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Apple_Newton" class="extiw" title="commons:Apple Newton"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Apple Newton</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_resources_and_information">Additional resources and information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Additional resources and information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0941831949/">Defying Gravity: The Making of Newton, by Kounalakis & Menuez</a></b></i> (Hardcover) <ul><li>Hardcover: 192 pages</li> <li>Publisher: <a href="/wiki/Beyond_Words_Publishing" title="Beyond Words Publishing">Beyond Words Publishing</a> (October 1993)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0941831949" title="Special:BookSources/0941831949">0941831949</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0941831949" title="Special:BookSources/978-0941831949">978-0941831949</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://empeg.org.uk/info/sa1100/sa1100DevMan.pdf">Complete Developer's manual for the StrongARM SA-110</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egr.msu.edu/classes/ece809/rover/coursework/00spr/procg7.pdf">Beginner's overview of the StrongARM SA-110 Microprocessor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070604223028/http://www.egr.msu.edu/classes/ece809/rover/coursework/00spr/procg7.pdf">Archived</a> June 4, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reviews">Reviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MessagePad&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~mac/mp2000.html">MessagePad 2000 review at "The History and Macintosh Society"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101208053412/http://perlnet.umephy.maine.edu/bio/wittmann/pooter/newton.htm">Prof. Wittmann's collection of Newton & MessagePad reviews</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_hardware_before_1998" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">II Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">IIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">IIc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" title="Apple IIc Plus">IIc Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">IIGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" title="Compact Macintosh">Compact Macintosh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">128K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">512K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512Ke" title="Macintosh 512Ke">512Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" title="Macintosh SE">SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE/30" title="Macintosh SE/30">SE/30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic" title="Macintosh Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic_II" title="Macintosh Classic II">Classic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Color_Classic" title="Macintosh Color Classic">Color Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II_family" title="Macintosh II family">Macintosh II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIx" title="Macintosh IIx">IIx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIcx" title="Macintosh IIcx">IIcx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIci" title="Macintosh IIci">IIci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIfx" title="Macintosh IIfx">IIfx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIsi" title="Macintosh IIsi">IIsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvi" title="Macintosh IIvi">IIvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvx" title="Macintosh IIvx">IIvx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_family" title="Macintosh LC family">Macintosh LC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" title="Macintosh LC">LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_II" title="Macintosh LC II">LC II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_III" title="Macintosh LC III">LC III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_500_series" title="Macintosh LC 500 series">LC 500 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_TV" title="Macintosh TV">Macintosh TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra" title="Macintosh Quadra">Macintosh Quadra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_700" title="Macintosh Quadra 700">700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_900" title="Macintosh Quadra 900">900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_950" title="Macintosh Quadra 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_800" title="Macintosh Quadra 800">800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_840AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 840AV">840AV</a></li> <li>600 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_610" title="Macintosh Quadra 610">610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_650" title="Macintosh Quadra 650">650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_660AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 660AV">660AV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_605" title="Macintosh Quadra 605">605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_630" title="Macintosh Quadra 630">630</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>68k-based PowerBooks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100_series" title="PowerBook 100 series">100 series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100" title="PowerBook 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_140" title="PowerBook 140">140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_170" title="PowerBook 170">170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_160" title="PowerBook 160">160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_180" title="PowerBook 180">180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_150" title="PowerBook 150">150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_190" title="PowerBook 190">190</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" title="PowerBook Duo">Duo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_210" title="PowerBook Duo 210">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_230" title="PowerBook Duo 230">230</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_500_series" title="PowerBook 500 series">500 series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>-based PowerBooks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_5300" title="PowerBook 5300">5300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_1400" title="PowerBook 1400">1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_3400c" title="PowerBook 3400c">3400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_2400c" title="PowerBook 2400c">2400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G3" title="PowerBook G3">G3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_4400" title="Power Macintosh 4400">4400 and 7220</a></li> <li>5000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5200_LC" title="Power Macintosh 5200 LC">5200 LC and 5300 LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5260" title="Power Macintosh 5260">5260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5400" title="Power Macintosh 5400">5400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5500" title="Power Macintosh 5500">5500</a></li></ul></li> <li>6000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6100" title="Power Macintosh 6100">6100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6200" title="Power Macintosh 6200">6200 and 6300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6400" title="Power Macintosh 6400">6400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6500" title="Power Macintosh 6500">6500</a></li></ul></li> <li>7000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7100" title="Power Macintosh 7100">7100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7200" title="Power Macintosh 7200">7200 and 8200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7300" title="Power Macintosh 7300">7300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7500" title="Power Macintosh 7500">7500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7600" title="Power Macintosh 7600">7600</a></li></ul></li> <li>8000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8100" title="Power Macintosh 8100">8100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8500" title="Power Macintosh 8500">8500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8600" title="Power Macintosh 8600">8600</a></li></ul></li> <li>9000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9500" title="Power Macintosh 9500">9500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9600" title="Power Macintosh 9600">9600</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_G3" title="Power Macintosh G3">Power Macintosh G3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Mac_(computer)" title="Big Mac (computer)">Big Mac and Baby Mac</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Portable" title="Macintosh Portable">Macintosh Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Performa" title="Macintosh Performa">Macintosh Performa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Centris" title="Macintosh Centris">Macintosh Centris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe_Card" title="Apple IIe Card">Apple IIe Card</a> (Macintosh PDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Processor_Upgrade_Card" title="Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card">Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Workgroup_Server" title="Apple Workgroup Server">Apple Workgroup Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Workgroup_Server_9150" title="Workgroup Server 9150">9150</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Network_Server" title="Apple Network Server">Apple Network Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Anniversary_Macintosh" title="Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh">Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripherals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_displays" title="Apple displays">Displays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_II" title="Apple Monitor II">Monitor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_III" title="Apple Monitor III">Monitor III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_AudioVision_14_Display" title="Apple AudioVision 14 Display">AudioVision 14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External drives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">FileWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive" title="Macintosh External Disk Drive">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProFile" title="Apple ProFile">ProFile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20" title="Hard Disk 20">Hard Disk 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20SC" title="Hard Disk 20SC">Hard Disk 20SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleCD" title="AppleCD">AppleCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerCD" title="PowerCD">PowerCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Tape_Backup_40SC" title="Apple Tape Backup 40SC">Tape Drive 40SC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Input devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_keyboards" title="Apple keyboards">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Extended_Keyboard" title="Apple Extended Keyboard">Extended Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Adjustable_Keyboard" title="Apple Adjustable Keyboard">Adjustable Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pointing_devices" title="Apple pointing devices">Mouse and other pointing devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Scanner" title="Apple Scanner">Scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_QuickTake" title="Apple QuickTake">QuickTake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_serial_cards" title="Apple II serial cards">Apple II serial cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocalTalk" title="LocalTalk">LocalTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Communication_Slot" title="Apple Communication Slot">Apple Communication Slot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoPort" title="GeoPort">GeoPort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_printers" title="List of Apple printers">Printers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Silentype" title="Apple Silentype">Silentype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Dot_Matrix_Printer" title="Apple Dot Matrix Printer">Dot Matrix Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daisy_Wheel_Printer" title="Apple Daisy Wheel Printer">Daisy Wheel Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageWriter" title="ImageWriter">ImageWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_410_Color_Plotter" title="Apple 410 Color Plotter">410 Color Plotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_LaserWriter" title="Color LaserWriter">Color LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StyleWriter" title="StyleWriter">StyleWriter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MessagePad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Interactive_Television_Box" title="Apple Interactive Television Box">Interactive Television Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_NC" title="Mac NC">Mac NC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Paladin" title="Apple Paladin">Paladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Pippin</a> 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