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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grammatica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammatica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammatica subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammatica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Syntaxis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntaxis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Syntaxis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntaxis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nomina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Nomina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronomina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronomina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pronomina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronomina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronomina_personalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronomina_personalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Pronomina personalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronomina_personalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Promomina_demonstrativa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Promomina_demonstrativa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Promomina demonstrativa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Promomina_demonstrativa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Verba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Particulae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Particulae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Particulae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Particulae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabularium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabularium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vocabularium</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vocabularium-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vocabularium subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vocabularium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Esse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><i>Esse</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Dies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-hai_(はい)_et_iie_(いいえ)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#hai_(はい)_et_iie_(いいえ)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span><i>hai</i> (はい) et <i>iie</i> (いいえ)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-hai_(はい)_et_iie_(いいえ)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cetera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cetera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cetera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cetera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_interni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_interni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nexus interni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_interni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fontes_antiquiores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fontes_antiquiores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Fontes antiquiores</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fontes_antiquiores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_externi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_externi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Nexus externi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_externi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lingua Iaponica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 229 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-229" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">229 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аиапон бызшәа – Abasca" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аиапон бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abasca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Jeupang" title="Bahsa Jeupang – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Jeupang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japannees" title="Japannees – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Japannees" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanische_Sprache" title="Japanische Sprache – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Japanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ጃፓንኛ – Amharica" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጃፓንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowal_no_dipong" title="Sowal no dipong – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Sowal no dipong" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_chapon%C3%A9s" title="Idioma chaponés – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma chaponés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapanisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Iapanisc sprǣc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iapanisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة اليابانية – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة اليابانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܝܦܢܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܝܦܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جاپونية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جاپونية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه يابانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه يابانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জাপানী ভাষা – Assamica" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাপানী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Xaponés – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xaponés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon_dili" title="Yapon dili – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yapon dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ژاپون دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژاپون دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Япон теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Япон теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jepang" title="Basa Jepang – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanische_Sproch" title="Japanische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Japanische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japuonu_kalba" title="Japuonu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Japuonu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Hapones" title="Tataramon na Hapones – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Hapones" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Японская мова – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Японская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Японская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Японская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jepang" title="Basa Jepang – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Японски език – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Японски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Japang" title="Basa Japang – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Japang" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জাপানি ভাষা – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাপানি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཉི་ཧོང་སྐད། – Tibetana" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཉི་ཧོང་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaneg" title="Japaneg – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Japaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanski_jezik" title="Japanski jezik – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Japanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Jepang" title="Saro Jepang – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Jepang" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Япон хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Япон хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C3%A8s" title="Japonès – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Japonès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ADk-bu%C5%8Dng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Nĭk-buōng-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nĭk-buōng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ипнойн мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ипнойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinapones" title="Hinapones – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hinapones" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93eta%27xa%C3%A9n%C3%A9hetse" title="Óeta'xaénéhetse – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Óeta'xaénéhetse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ژاپۆنی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ژاپۆنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon_tili" title="Japon tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Japon tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C5%A1tina" title="Japonština – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Japonština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%96%D0%BF%D1%A1%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Ꙗпѡньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Slavonica antiqua" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙗпѡньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Slavonica antiqua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Япон чĕлхи – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Япон чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaneg" title="Japaneg – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Japaneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japansk_(sprog)" title="Japansk (sprog) – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Japansk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanische_Sprache" title="Japanische Sprache – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Japanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonki" title="Japonki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Japonki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japa%C5%84%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Japańšćina – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Japańšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Jipun" title="Boros Jipun – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Jipun" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%95%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A9" title="ޖަޕާނީ – Dhivehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖަޕާނީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Dhivehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ιαπωνική γλώσσα – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιαπωνική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Japanese language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japana_lingvo" title="Japana lingvo – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Japana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_japon%C3%A9s" title="Idioma japonés – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma japonés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapani_keel" title="Jaapani keel – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jaapani keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoniera" title="Japoniera – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Japoniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_japonesa" title="Lengua japonesa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua japonesa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان ژاپنی – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان ژاپنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanin_kieli" title="Japanin kieli – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Japanin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapani_kiil" title="Jaapani kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jaapani kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Japanskt mál – Faroensis" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Japanskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonais" title="Japonais – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Japonais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C3%AAs" title="Japonês – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Japonês" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoonsk_spriak" title="Japoonsk spriak – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Japoonsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japansk" title="Japansk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Japansk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeap%C3%A1inis" title="An tSeapáinis – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeapáinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon_dili" title="Yapon dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Yapon dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="日语" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C3%A8" title="Japonè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Japonè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapanais" title="Iapanais – Scotica" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Iapanais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scotica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_xaponesa" title="Lingua xaponesa – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua xaponesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hap%C3%B5%C3%B1e%E2%80%99%E1%BA%BD" title="Hapõñe’ẽ – Guaranica" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hapõñe’ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaranica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapaanish" title="Shapaanish – Monensis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shapaanish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Monensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Japan" title="Harshen Japan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshen Japan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn-ng%C3%AE" title="Ngi̍t-pún-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngi̍t-pún-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_I%C4%81pana" title="ʻŌlelo Iāpana – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Iāpana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="יפנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יפנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_bhasa" title="Japanese bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Japanese bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanski_jezik" title="Japanski jezik – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Japanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Japanšćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Japanšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_japon%C3%A8" title="Lang japonè – Creolus Haitianus" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang japonè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creolus Haitianus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1n_nyelv" title="Japán nyelv – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Japán nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ճապոներեն – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճապոներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Ճափոներէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ճափոներէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_japonese" title="Lingua japonese – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua japonese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Jipun" title="Jaku Jipun – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Jipun" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jepang" title="Bahasa Jepang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Hapon" title="Pagsasao a Hapon – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Hapon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Японий мотт – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Японий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoniana_linguo" title="Japoniana linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Japoniana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanska" title="Japanska – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Japanska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_giapponese" title="Lingua giapponese – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua giapponese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="日本語 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日本語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaniiz_languij" title="Japaniiz languij – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Japaniiz languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ponbau" title="ponbau – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ponbau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jepang" title="Basa Jepang – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="იაპონური ენა – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იაპონური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon_tili" title="Yapon tili – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Yapon tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajapunit" title="Tajapunit – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tajapunit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Японыбзэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Японыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sap%C9%94%C5%8B_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Sapɔŋ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sapɔŋ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jopang" title="Bahasa Jopang – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Jopang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Жапон тілі – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жапон тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ភាសាជប៉ុន – Chmerica" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាជប៉ុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmerica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜಪಾನಿ ಭಾಷೆ – Cannadica" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಪಾನಿ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4" title="일본어 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일본어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A0_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپأنؠ زبان – Casmirica" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جاپأنؠ زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Casmirica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_japon%C3%AE" title="Zimanê japonî – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê japonî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Япон кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Япон кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihonek" title="Nihonek – Cornubica" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nihonek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornubica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Жапон тили – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жапон тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_japoneza" title="Lingua japoneza – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua japoneza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanesch" title="Japanesch – Luxemburgica" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Japanesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Япониянал маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Япониянал маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Япон чӀал – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Япон чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nion_(lingua)" title="Nion (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nion (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japans" title="Japans – Limburgica" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Japans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_iapanesc" title="Lingaz iapanesc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz iapanesc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_giapponesa" title="Lengua giapponesa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua giapponesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizap%C9%94%CC%81" title="Lizapɔ́ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lizapɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ພາສາຍີ່ປຸ່ນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາຍີ່ປຸ່ນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C5%B3_kalba" title="Japonų kalba – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Japonų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Japāņu valoda – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Japāņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jepang" title="Basa Jepang – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Япононь кяль – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Япононь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_jap%C3%B4ney" title="Fiteny japôney – Malagasiana" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny japôney" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Япон йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Япон йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Hapani" title="Reo Hapani – Maoriana" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Hapani" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maoriana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Japang" title="Bahaso Japang – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Japang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Јапонски јазик – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јапонски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ജാപ്പനീസ് ഭാഷ – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജാപ്പനീസ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Япон хэл – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Япон хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯄꯥꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯄꯥꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जपानी भाषा – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जपानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jepun" title="Bahasa Jepun – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Jepun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_japonesa" title="Lhéngua japonesa – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhéngua japonesa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျပန်ဘာသာစကား – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျပန်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Япононь кель – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Япононь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="جاپونی زوون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جاپونی زوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaansche_Spraak" title="Japaansche Spraak – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Japaansche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japans" title="Japans – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Japans" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japans" title="Japans – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Japans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japansk" title="Japansk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Japansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japansk" title="Japansk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Japansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejapane" title="Sejapane – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sejapane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C3%A9s" title="Japonés – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Japonés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japounien_kieli" title="Japounien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Japounien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ଜାପାନୀ ଭାଷା – Orissensis" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜାପାନୀ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orissensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Япойнаг æвзаг – Ossetica" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Япойнаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਜਪਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਪਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Hapones" title="Amanung Hapones – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Hapones" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapones_(idioma)" title="Hapones (idioma) – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hapones (idioma)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japono%C3%A9s" title="Japonoés – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Japonoés" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_japo%C5%84ski" title="Język japoński – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język japoński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_giapon%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga giaponèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga giaponèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جاپانی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جاپانی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="جاپاني ژبه – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جاپاني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_japonesa" title="Língua japonesa – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua japonesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihun_simi" title="Nihun simi – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nihun simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_japonez%C4%83" title="Limba japoneză – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba japoneză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_giapponese" title="Lènga giapponese – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga giapponese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Японский язык – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Японский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Японьскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Японьскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiyapani" title="Ikiyapani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikiyapani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जापानी भाषा – Sanscrita" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जापानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanscrita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Дьоппуон тыла – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьоппуон тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_giaponesa" title="Limba giaponesa – Sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba giaponesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_giappunisa" title="Lingua giappunisa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua giappunisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_leid" title="Japanese leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Japanese leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="جاپاني ٻولي – Sindhuica" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جاپاني ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhuica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1nagiella" title="Japánagiella – Samica septentrionalis" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Japánagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Samica septentrionalis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanski_jezik" title="Japanski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Japanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tajapunit" title="Tutlayt Tajapunit – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tajapunit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ජපන් භාෂාව – Singhalensis" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජපන් භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Japanese language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C4%8Dina" title="Japončina – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Japončina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Japonščina – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Japonščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Iapani" title="Faʻa Iapani – Samoana" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Iapani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chijapani" title="Chijapani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chijapani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_japoneze" title="Gjuha japoneze – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha japoneze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Јапански језик – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јапански језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jepang" title="Basa Jepang – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Jepang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanska" title="Japanska – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Japanska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijapani" title="Kijapani – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kijapani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C5%AF%C5%84sko_godka" title="Japůńsko godka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Japůńsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="சப்பானிய மொழி – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சப்பானிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜಪಾನಿ ಭಾಷೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜಪಾನಿ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="జపనీస్ భాష – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జపనీస్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони ҷопонӣ – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони ҷопонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาญี่ปุ่น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาญี่ปุ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Dapon_dili" title="Ýapon dili – Turcomannica" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýapon dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turcomannica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Hapones" title="Wikang Hapones – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Hapones" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoni_zyvon" title="Japoni zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Japoni zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokples_Siapan" title="Tokples Siapan – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tokples Siapan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonca" title="Japonca – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Japonca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Tanah_Tunux" title="Kari Tanah Tunux – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Tanah Tunux" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Япон теле – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Япон теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_T%C4%81p%C5%8Dn%C4%93" title="Reo Tāpōnē – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Tāpōnē" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Япон дыл – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Япон дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Япон кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Япон кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ياپون تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ياپون تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Японська мова – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Японська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپانی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جاپانی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon_tili" title="Yapon tili – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yapon tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_japoneza" title="Łéngua japoneza – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua japoneza" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonan_kel%27" title="Japonan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Japonan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Nh%E1%BA%ADt" title="Tiếng Nhật – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Nhật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Yapänapük – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yapänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djapon%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Djaponès (lingaedje) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djaponès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinapon" title="Hinapon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hinapon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%97%B2%E8%AF%9D" title="日本闲话 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日本闲话" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Нипонмудн келн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Нипонмудн келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="იაპონური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იაპონური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9" title="יאפאניש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאפאניש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Japan%C3%AD" title="Èdè Japaní – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Japaní" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Nyiedbonj" title="Vah Nyiedbonj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Nyiedbonj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" 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data-file-height="655" /></a></span> -2 <i><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Latinitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicipaedia:Latinitas">Latinitas</a> huius rei dubia est. Corrige si potes. Vide {{<a href="/wiki/Formula:Latinitas" title="Formula:Latinitas">latinitas</a>}}.</i></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3856202">.mw-parser-output table.capsatab{float:right;clear:right;border:1px solid #eaecf0;background-color:#f7f8ff;margin:.25em 0 1em 1em;padding:.3em .25em;max-width:22em;font-size:.88em;border-radius:1em;box-shadow:8px 8px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.mw-parser-output table.capsatab caption{font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.capsatab th,.mw-parser-output table.capsatab td{margin:0;vertical-align:top;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output table.capsatab th{min-width:8.8em;padding:.1em .25em .1em .1em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.capsatab td{min-width:11em;padding:.1em .1em .1em .25em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.capsatab th:only-child,.mw-parser-output table.capsatab td:only-child{text-align:center;min-width:0}.mw-parser-output table.capsatab th:only-child{background-color:#e6e6fa;padding:.15em .5em}.mw-parser-output table.capsatab td:only-child{padding:.1em}@media(max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output table.capsatab{float:none;margin:.25em auto 1em auto}}</style><table class="capsatab"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">Lingua Iaponica<br /><small><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:日本語">日本語</a></small></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Alphabetum_Phoneticum_Internationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphabetum Phoneticum Internationale">IPA</a></th><td><b>[</b> ɲihoŋɡo <b>]</b></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Taxinomia_linguistica" title="Taxinomia linguistica">Taxinomia</a></th><td>lingua ab aliis segregata nisi, ut credunt nonnulli</td></tr><tr><th>Locutores</th><td>127 000 000 <div style="font-size: smaller;"></div></td></tr><tr><th>Sigla</th><td><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">1</a> ja, <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2">2</a> jpn, <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">3</a> jpn</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Status publicus</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Linguarum_officialium_catalogus" title="Linguarum officialium catalogus">Officialis</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Iaponia" title="Iaponia">Iaponia</a></td></tr><tr><th>Privata</th><td><a href="/wiki/Brasilia" title="Brasilia">Brasilia</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._F._A." class="mw-redirect" title="C. F. A.">C. F. A.</a> (praecipue <a href="/wiki/Havaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Havaii">Havaii</a>), aliisque in locis</td></tr><tr><th>Litterae</th><td></td></tr><tr><th>Scriptura</th><td><a href="/wiki/Scriptura_Iaponica" title="Scriptura Iaponica">Iaponica</a></td></tr><tr><th>Procuratio</th><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Human_Language_Families_(wikicolors).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae"><img alt="Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Human_Language_Families_%28wikicolors%29.png/255px-Human_Language_Families_%28wikicolors%29.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Human_Language_Families_%28wikicolors%29.png/383px-Human_Language_Families_%28wikicolors%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Human_Language_Families_%28wikicolors%29.png/510px-Human_Language_Families_%28wikicolors%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1339" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae</figcaption></figure><small><a href="/wiki/Linguae_mundi" title="Linguae mundi">Familiae linguisticae coloribus Vicipaedicis pictae</a></small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lingua Iaponica</b> (Iaponice 日本語, <i>nihongo</i>) est <a href="/wiki/Sermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sermo">sermo</a> quo plus quam 127 000 000 <a href="/wiki/Homo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Homo">hominum</a> utuntur in <a href="/wiki/Iaponia" title="Iaponia">Iaponia</a> et extra. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Nihongo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nihongo.svg/70px-Nihongo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nihongo.svg/105px-Nihongo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nihongo.svg/140px-Nihongo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1147" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vocabulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocabulum">Vocabulum</a> <i>Nihongo</i> ('Iaponica') in <a href="/wiki/Scriptura_Iaponica" title="Scriptura Iaponica">scriptura Iaponica</a> scriptum.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lingua est insignis varietate <a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">pronominum</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbum_honorificum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verbum honorificum (non est haec pagina)">honorificorum</a>, quae apta esse putatur ad genera honorum quae in <a href="/wiki/Societas_hominum" class="mw-redirect" title="Societas hominum">societate</a> populi Iaponici multum valent. Etenim sunt formae <a href="/wiki/Verbum_(grammatica_generalis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verbum (grammatica generalis)">verborum</a> et <a href="/wiki/Vocabulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocabulum">vocabula</a> propria quae rationem indicant quae inter eum qui loquitur et eum quem loquens adloquitur intercedit. Lingua autem numero <a href="/wiki/Sonus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonus">sonorum</a> distinctorum potius parvo utitur. </p><p>Lingua Iaponica per plus quam <a href="/wiki/Quindecim" title="Quindecim">quindecim</a> <a href="/wiki/Saeculum" title="Saeculum">saecula</a> speciem <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Sinica" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingua Sinica">linguae Sinicae</a> fert. Nam scribitur <a href="/wiki/Scriptura" title="Scriptura">scriptura</a> quae ex <a href="/wiki/Littera_Sinica" class="mw-redirect" title="Littera Sinica">litteris Sinicis</a> (漢字 <i>kanji</i>) et syllabicis (ひらがな <i>hiragana</i> et カタカナ <i>katakana</i>) ipsisque de notis Sinicis deductis componitur. Per eam scripturam factum est, ut sermo Iaponicus multa vocabula et locutiones complectatur quae recta via ex lingua Sinica in eum sunt conversae. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificatio">Classificatio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Classificatio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Classificatio"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lingua Iaponica in <a href="/wiki/Familia_lingualis_Iaponica" class="mw-redirect" title="Familia lingualis Iaponica">familia lingualis Iaponica</a> numeratur, sed de linguae origine ab iis, qui <a href="/wiki/Linguistica_historica" title="Linguistica historica">linguisticam historicam</a> explorant et hanc linguam a ceteris seponunt, adhuc disputatur. </p><p>De ratione quae inter linguam Iaponicam et alias linguas intercedit multa et varia disseruntur (certissima prima adferuntur): </p> <ul><li>Lingua Iaponica in numero <a href="/wiki/Linguae_Altaicae" title="Linguae Altaicae">linguarum Altaicarum</a> habenda est. Aliae linguae huius familiae sunt linguae <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Mongolica" title="Lingua Mongolica">Mongolica</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Tungusica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua Tungusica (non est haec pagina)">Tungusica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Turca" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingua Turca">Turca</a>, et (opinione quidem propositorum) <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Coreana" title="Lingua Coreana">Coreana</a>. Pariter ac linguae <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Turca" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingua Turca">Turca</a> <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Coreana" title="Lingua Coreana">Coreanaque</a> lingua Iaponica est <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_agglutinativa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua agglutinativa (non est haec pagina)">lingua agglutinativa</a>. Est magnus numerus verborum cottidianorum quae quandam similitudinem exhibere videntur, exempli gratia (inter Iaponicam et Turcam): <ul><li><i>ishi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Saxum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxum">saxum</a>) → <i>daş</i></li> <li><i>yon</i> (<a href="/wiki/Quattuor" title="Quattuor">quattuor</a>) → <i>dört</i></li> <li><i>kura</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ephippium" title="Ephippium">ephippium</a>) → <i>kürtün</i></li> <li><i>kiru</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Scindere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scindere (non est haec pagina)">scindere</a>) → <i>kir-</i></li> <li><i>inu</i> (<a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">canis</a>) → <i>it</i></li> <li><i>kuro</i> (<a href="/wiki/Niger" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Niger">niger</a>) et <i>kurai</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Obscurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obscurus (non est haec pagina)">obscurus</a>) → <i>köl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Umbra" title="Umbra">umbra</a>)</li> <li>et cetera</li></ul></li> <li>Lingua Iaponica est cognata linguis exstinctis, quibus homines in antiquis <a href="/wiki/Corea" title="Corea">Coreae</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantzuria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mantzuria (non est haec pagina)">Mantzuriaeque</a> <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">culturis</a> utebantur. Exemplum notissimum est Goguryeo (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koguryo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koguryo (non est haec pagina)">Koguryo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gogurio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gogurio (non est haec pagina)">Gogurio</a>); exempla minus nota sunt Baekje (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paekje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paekje (non est haec pagina)">Paekje</a>) et Buyeo (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buyo (non est haec pagina)">Buyo</a>). Propositores doctrinae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Buyonenses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua Buyonenses (non est haec pagina)">linguarum Buyonensum</a> plerumque linguam Coreanam hodiernam non in illius familia numerant, quia satis constat linguam Coreanam e lingua antiqua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Silla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua Silla (non est haec pagina)">Silla</a> exortam esse. Parva harum linguarum <a href="/wiki/Scientia_(ratio)" title="Scientia (ratio)">scientia</a>, ac ligerae historicae harum culturarum, sunt indicia primaria. Haec doctrina substituta est doctrina <a href="/wiki/Linguae_Altaicae" title="Linguae Altaicae">Altaica</a>.</li> <li>Lingua Iaponica est linguae Coreanae cognata. Haec coniectura est propter similitudinem <a href="/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica">grammaticarum</a> linguarum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica_Iaponica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grammatica Iaponica (non est haec pagina)">Iaponicae</a> <a href="/wiki/Grammatica_Coreana" title="Grammatica Coreana">Coreanaeque</a>. Propositores huius doctrinae proposuerunt <a href="/wiki/Verbum_cognatum" title="Verbum cognatum">verba cognata</a> ad linguas Iaponicam Coreamque. Haec doctrina in loco doctrinae Altaicae substituta est.</li> <li>Lingua Iaponica est lingua mixta. Similitudines <a href="/wiki/Phonologia" title="Phonologia">phonologicae</a> et proximitas <a href="/wiki/Geographia" title="Geographia">geographica</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Linguae_Austronesiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguae Austronesiae">linguas Austronesias</a> subiciunt theoriam linguam Iaponicam est genus lingua mixta.</li> <li>Lingua Iaponica est integre lingua <a href="/wiki/Linguae_Austronesiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguae Austronesiae">Austronesia</a>. Non satis constat haec doctrina, quia <a href="/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica">grammatica</a> <a href="/wiki/Vocabularium" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocabularium">vocabulariumque</a> Iaponica sunt omnino diversi quam quamlibet lingua Austronesia nota.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susumu_Ono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susumu Ono (non est haec pagina)">Susumu Ono</a> et aliae linguistae, cum <a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Caidvell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Caidvell (non est haec pagina)">R. Caidvell</a>,<sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Lingua_Iaponica" title="Disputatio:Lingua Iaponica">?</a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susumu_Shiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susumu Shiba (non est haec pagina)">Susumu Shiba</a>, et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fujiwara_Akira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fujiwara Akira (non est haec pagina)">Fujiwara Akira</a>, subiecerunt cognationem inter linguas Iaponicam et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Tamilensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua Tamilensis (non est haec pagina)">Tamilensem</a>, membrum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Familia_Dravidiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Familia Dravidiana (non est haec pagina)">familiae Dravidianae</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiá</a> meridiná adhibitae. Linguae Iaponica Tamilensisque sunt ambo linguae agglutinativae et earum grammatica vocabulariaque sunt similia.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Linguista_historica" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguista historica">Linguistae historicae</a> quae linguae Iaponicae studeant consentiunt linguam Iaponicam cognatum ad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linguae_Riuciuanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linguae Riuciuanae (non est haec pagina)">linguas Riuciuanas</a> (cum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocinavensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocinavensis (non est haec pagina)">Ocinavense</a>) esse, ergo <a href="/wiki/Linguae_Iaponicae" title="Linguae Iaponicae">linguas Iaponicas</a> existimantur. Apud linguistas, possibilitas cognationis geneticus ad Gogurionem tenet evidentiam fortem, et cognatio ad linguam Coreanam est possibilis sed incertus. Doctrina Altaica non satis constat, sed factus est respectabilior nostro tempore, gratias ad <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Starostin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Starostin">Sergei Starostin</a> et alios. Plurimae linguistae reiciunt notionem linguam Iaponicam cognatam esse ad linguas <a href="/wiki/Linguae_Malaico-Polynesicae" title="Linguae Malaico-Polynesicae">Malaico-Polynesicas</a> (vel etiam <a href="/wiki/Linguae_Austronesiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguae Austronesiae">Austronesias</a>), <a href="/wiki/Linguae_Sino-Tibeticae" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguae Sino-Tibeticae">Sino-Tibeticas</a>, vel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Tamilensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua Tamilensis (non est haec pagina)">Tamilensem</a>. </p><p>Investigationes linguisticae, velut totae investigationes, possunt mutare propter politicas ac causas alias. Exempli gratia, plurimae linguistae dicunt linguas <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Dacoromanica" title="Lingua Dacoromanica">Dacoromanicam</a> et lingua <a href="/wiki/Respublica_Moldavica" class="mw-redirect" title="Respublica Moldavica">Reipublicae Moldavicae</a> easdem esse, et diversos nomina pro rationibus politicalibus habere. Iaponia et suos vecinos<sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Lingua_Iaponica" title="Disputatio:Lingua Iaponica">?</a></sup> historice non bene convenerunt, ergo studium cognationum linguarum est periculosum, sed minus pericolosum investigatoribus Nipponicis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distributio_geographica">Distributio geographica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Distributio geographica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Distributio geographica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lingua Iaponica est lingua praecipue in <a href="/wiki/Iaponia" title="Iaponia">Iaponia</a> et <a href="/wiki/Okinava" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinava">Okinava</a> dicta. In insulá <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anguar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anguar (non est haec pagina)">Anguar</a><sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Lingua_Iaponica" title="Disputatio:Lingua Iaponica">?</a></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Anguar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua Anguar (non est haec pagina)">Lingua Anguar</a><sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Lingua_Iaponica" title="Disputatio:Lingua Iaponica">?</a></sup>, Lingua Iaponica, et <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Anglica" title="Lingua Anglica">Lingua Anglica</a> adhibentur. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Japanese_(standard)_vowels.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Japanese_%28standard%29_vowels.png/220px-Japanese_%28standard%29_vowels.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Japanese_%28standard%29_vowels.png 1.5x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="188" /></a><figcaption>Vocales Iaponicae</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatica">Grammatica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Grammatica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Grammatica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lingua Iaponica in modo scripto mixtionem <a href="/wiki/Abecedarium" title="Abecedarium">abecedariorum</a> trium adhibet; <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiragana (non est haec pagina)">hiragana</a>, et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katakana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katakana (non est haec pagina)">katakana</a>. Kanji est <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideogramma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideogramma (non est haec pagina)">abecedarium ideographicum</a>, et alii duo <a href="/wiki/Syllaba" title="Syllaba">syllabae</a>. Katakana modo ad verba derivata adhibetur. Lingua Iaponica eg multa verba <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Anglica" title="Lingua Anglica">Anglica</a> derivata habet, quod katakana communiter facit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntaxis">Syntaxis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Syntaxis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Syntaxis"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syntaxis SOV est, et in fine <a href="/wiki/Sententia" class="mw-disambig" title="Sententia">sententiarum</a> verbum fit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomina">Nomina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Nomina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Nomina"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nomen_substantivum" title="Nomen substantivum">Nomina substantiva</a> Iaponica neque <a href="/wiki/Numerus_(grammatica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Numerus (grammatica)">numeros</a> neque <a href="/wiki/Genus_(grammatica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genus (grammatica)">genera</a> neque <a href="/wiki/Casus_(grammatica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Casus (grammatica)">casus</a> habent. Ergo <a href="/wiki/Vocabulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocabulum">vocabulum</a> <i>inu</i> (犬) significare potest 'unum <a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">canem</a>', 'canem', 'canes', et 'omnes canes'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronomina">Pronomina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: Pronomina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Pronomina"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronomina_personalia">Pronomina personalia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Recensere partem: Pronomina personalia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Pronomina personalia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pronomen_personale" title="Pronomen personale">Pronomina personalia</a> comitatu et genere mutant. </p> <ul><li>Ego = <i>watashi</i> (genus commune)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Promomina_demonstrativa">Promomina demonstrativa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Recensere partem: Promomina demonstrativa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Promomina demonstrativa"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>ko</i> (こ)　'hic', <i>so</i>　(そ) 'ille', <i>a</i> (あ) 'illud (procul)'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verba">Verba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Recensere partem: Verba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Verba"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Verbum" class="mw-disambig" title="Verbum">Verba</a> personis, numeris, generibus non coniugant. Ergo verbum <i>hanashita</i> (話した) significare potest 'dixi', 'dixisti', 'dixit', etc. </p><p>Duo <a href="/wiki/Tempus_(grammatica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempus (grammatica)">tempora</a> adsunt, praesens et praeteritum. </p><p>Verba pro comitatibus mutant: </p> <ul><li>sententia basica<sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Lingua_Iaponica" title="Disputatio:Lingua Iaponica">?</a></sup> = <i>tabe-ta</i> (食べた)</li> <li>sententia comis = <i>tabe-mashita</i> (食べました)</li></ul> <p>Utraque sententiarum significat praeteritum verbi 'edendi'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Particulae">Particulae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Recensere partem: Particulae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Particulae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lingua Iaponica significat casus per particulas grammaticas. </p> <ul><li><i>ga</i> (が) = <a href="/wiki/Nominativus" title="Nominativus">nominativus</a></li> <li><i>no</i> (の) = <a href="/wiki/Genetivus" title="Genetivus">genetivus</a></li> <li>(<i>w</i>)<i>o</i> (を) = <a href="/wiki/Accusativus" title="Accusativus">accusativus</a> (in sermone commune, <i>w</i> non sonatus est)</li> <li><i>ni</i> (に) = <a href="/wiki/Dativus" title="Dativus">dativus</a> et <a href="/wiki/Ablativus" title="Ablativus">ablativus</a></li> <li>(<i>h</i>)<i>e</i> (へ) = <a href="/wiki/Locativus" title="Locativus">locativus</a> (per "he" litteram scribitur)</li></ul> <p>Lingua Iaponica etiam tenet particulam <i>wa</i> (は) (per "ha" scribitur), quae similis est Latinae 'de', sed cum usu <a href="/wiki/Nominativus" title="Nominativus">nominativi</a>. </p> <table border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><i>Watashi wa</i></td> <td>tomodachi ni</td> <td>hon o</td> <td>agemasu<i></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>私(は)</td> <td>友達に</td> <td>本を</td> <td>あげます </td></tr> <tr> <td>(de) me</td> <td>amico</td> <td>librum</td> <td>do </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Wa は vs. Ga　が </p><p>Quidem <i>ga</i> subiectum <a href="/wiki/Sententia" class="mw-disambig" title="Sententia">sententiae</a> significat, at <i>wa</i> subiectum orationis significat. </p> <ul><li>私はマルクスです。　イタリア人です。日本語ができます。</li> <li><i>watashi-wa Marukusu-desu. Itaria-jin-desu. Nihongo-ga deki-masu.</i></li> <li>Marcus sum. Italus sum. Iaponice dicere possum.</li></ul> <p>Nota: <i>Nihongo</i> subiectum tertiae sententiae est, sed <i>watashi</i> 'ego' subiectum orationis est.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabularium">Vocabularium</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Recensere partem: Vocabularium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Vocabularium"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Vocabulario_1603_tp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Vocabulario_1603_tp.jpg/220px-Vocabulario_1603_tp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Vocabulario_1603_tp.jpg/330px-Vocabulario_1603_tp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Vocabulario_1603_tp.jpg/440px-Vocabulario_1603_tp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2813" data-file-height="4083" /></a><figcaption><i>Vocabulario da lingoa de Iapam</i> <a href="/wiki/Lusitane" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusitane">Lusitane</a> anno <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a> divulgatum: titulus</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esse"><i>Esse</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Recensere partem: Esse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Esse"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tria verba de esse adsunt; <i>iru</i>　(いる), <i>aru</i>　(ある), et <i>da</i>　(だ). </p> <ul><li><i>hon-wa tēburu-ni aru.</i> 'Liber est in mensa.'</li> <li><i>inu-wa doko-ni iru-ka.</i> 'Ubi est canis?'</li> <li><i>da</i> per omnes nomina statum significat.</li> <li><i>kodomo-wa shizuka-da.</i> 'Puer est tranquillus.'</li> <li><i>watashi-wa roumajin-da.</i> 'Ego sum Romano.'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dies">Dies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Recensere partem: Dies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Dies"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>nichiyoubi</i> (日曜日) '<a href="/wiki/Dies_Solis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dies Solis">dies Solis</a>'</li> <li><i>getsuyoubi</i> (月曜日) '<a href="/wiki/Dies_Lunae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dies Lunae">dies Lunae</a>'</li> <li><i>kayoubi</i> (火曜日) '<a href="/wiki/Dies_Martis" title="Dies Martis">dies Martis</a>'</li> <li><i>suiyoubi</i> (水曜日) '<a href="/wiki/Dies_Mercurii" title="Dies Mercurii">dies Mercurii</a>'</li> <li><i>mokuyoubi</i> (木曜日) '<a href="/wiki/Dies_Iovis" title="Dies Iovis">dies Iovis</a>'</li> <li><i>kinyoubi</i> (金曜日) '<a href="/wiki/Dies_Veneris" title="Dies Veneris">dies Veneris</a>'</li> <li><i>doyoubi</i> (土曜日) '<a href="/wiki/Dies_Saturni" title="Dies Saturni">dies Saturni</a>'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="hai_(はい)_et_iie_(いいえ)"><span id="hai_.28.E3.81.AF.E3.81.84.29_et_iie_.28.E3.81.84.E3.81.84.E3.81.88.29"></span><i>hai</i> (はい) et <i>iie</i> (いいえ)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Recensere partem: hai (はい) et iie (いいえ)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: hai (はい) et iie (いいえ)"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multe dure converteri. </p> <ul><li><i>hai</i> (はい) 'concordat, est, ita', etc. sit. Similis verbi Anglici <i>yes</i> et Francogallici <i>oui</i> est.</li> <li><i>iie</i> (いいえ) 'non concordat, non est, non ita, minime, non', etc. sit. Similis verbi Anglici <i>no</i> et Francogallici <i>non</i> est.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cetera">Cetera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Recensere partem: Cetera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Cetera"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(Verba similiter latine): </p> <ul><li><i>esa</i> (餌)/(えさ) 'esca' aut 'cibum'</li> <li><i>okiru</i> (起きる) 'accidere' ('occidere')</li> <li><i>iku</i> (行く) 'ire'</li> <li><i>namae (名前) 'nomen'</i></li> <li><i>taifū (台風) '<a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">typhon</a>'/'tempestas'</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_formarum_Latinarum_nominum_Iaponicorum" title="Index formarum Latinarum nominum Iaponicorum">Index formarum Latinarum nominum Iaponicorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Iaponica_classica" title="Lingua Iaponica classica">Lingua Iaponica classica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scriptum_Iaponicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Scriptum Iaponicum">Scriptum Iaponicum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetojapanese.org/">De lingua</a> apud www.guidetojapanese.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/s_jgrammar.html">De grammatica</a> apud www.csse.monash.edu.au.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Japanese Phrasebook.</i> Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, Melburnia, editio quinta, Iulio 2008, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9781741042313" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-74104-231-3</a>.</li> <li>Bloch, Bernard. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>. Studies in colloquial Japanese I: Inflection. <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i> 66:97–130.</li> <li>Bloch, Bernard. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>. Studies in colloquial Japanese II: Syntax. <i>Language</i> 22:200–248.</li> <li>Chafe, William L. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>. Giveness, contrastiveness, definiteness, subjects, topics, and point of view. In <i>Subject and topic,</i> ed. Charles N. Li, 25–56. Novi Eboraci: Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0124473504" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-12-447350-4</a>.</li> <li>Dalby, Andrew. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.credoreference.com/entry/dictlang/japanese">"Japanese,"</a> in <i>Dictionary of Languages: the Definitive Reference to More than 400 Languages.</i> Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780231115681" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780231115681</a>; <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780231115698" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780231115698</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/title/dictionary-of-languages-the-definitive-reference-to-more-than-400-languages/oclc/474656178">OCLC 474656178</a></li> <li>Frellesvig, Bjarke. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>. <i>A history of the Japanese language</i>. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780521653206" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-65320-6</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book">Kindaichi, Haruhiko; Hirano, Umeyo (<a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=IZhFf3hlgNoC"><i>The Japanese Language</i></a>. Tuttle Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-0-8048-1579-6" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-0-8048-1579-6">978-0-8048-1579-6</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Kuno, Susumu. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>. <i>The structure of the Japanese language</i>. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0262110490" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-262-11049-0</a>.</li> <li>Kuno, Susumu. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>. Subject, theme, and the speaker's empathy: A re-examination of relativization phenomena. In <i>Subject and topic</i> ed. Charles N. Li, 417–444. Novi Eboraci: Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0124473504" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-12-447350-4</a>.</li> <li>Martin, Samuel E. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>. <i>A reference grammar of Japanese</i>. Portu Novo: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0300018134" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-300-01813-4</a>.</li> <li>McClain, Yoko Matsuoka. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>. <i>Handbook of modern Japanese grammar:</i> <span title="Iaponice scriptum"><span lang="ja">口語日本文法便覧</span></span> [<i>Kōgo Nihon bumpō</i>]. Tokyo: Hokuseido Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/4590005700" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 4-590-00570-0</a>; <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0893461490" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-89346-149-0</a>.</li> <li>Miller, Roy. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>. <i>The Japanese language</i>. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press.</li> <li>Miller, Roy. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>. <i>Origins of the Japanese language: Lectures in Japan during the academic year, 1977–78</i>. Seattli: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0295957662" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-295-95766-2</a>.</li> <li>Mizutani, Osamu, et Nobuko Mizutani. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>. <i>How to be polite in Japanese:</i> <span title="Iaponice scriptum"><span lang="ja">日本語の敬語</span></span> [<i>Nihongo no keigo</i>]. Tokyo: The Japan Times. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/4789003388" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 4-7890-0338-8</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book">Robbeets, Martine Irma (<a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=7ysws67HZegC"><i>Is Japanese Related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic?</i></a>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-3-447-05247-4" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-3-447-05247-4">978-3-447-05247-4</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li>Shibatani, Masayoshi. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>. Japanese. In B. Comrie (Ed.), <i>The major languages of east and south-east Asia</i>. Londinii: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0415047390" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-04739-0</a>.</li> <li>Shibatani, Masayoshi. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>. <i>The languages of Japan</i>. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0521360706" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-36070-6</a>; <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0521369185" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-36918-5</a> (charta).</li> <li>Shibamoto, Janet S. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>. <i>Japanese women's language</i>. Novi Eboraci: Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/012640030X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-12-640030-X</a>.</li> <li>Tsujimura, Natsuko. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>. <i>An introduction to Japanese linguistics</i>. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Blackwell Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0631198555" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-631-19855-5</a>; <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0631198563" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-631-19856-3</a> (charta).</li> <li>Tsujimura, Natsuko (Ed.) <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. <i>The handbook of Japanese linguistics</i>. Malden Massachusettae: Blackwell Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0631205047" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-631-20504-7</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book">Vovin, Alexander (<a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=um8O1bp-86EC"><i>Korea-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978-0-8248-3278-0" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978-0-8248-3278-0">978-0-8248-3278-0</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fontes_antiquiores">Fontes antiquiores</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Recensere partem: Fontes antiquiores" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Fontes antiquiores"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1603 : <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3855676">@keyframes ancora-evanescens{0%,80%{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,.13333)}100%{background-color:transparent}}.mw-parser-output span.ecce-citatio:not(:empty):target{animation:3s ease 0s 1 ancora-evanescens}</style><span class="ecce-citatio citation" id="CITEREFVocabulario_(1603)"><i><a href="/wiki/Vocabul%C3%A1rio_da_l%C3%ADngua_de_Jap%C3%A3o" title="Vocabulário da língua de Japão">Vocabulario da lingoa de Japam</a>, com adeclaração em portugues, feito por alguns padres e irmaõs da Companhia de Jesu</i>. Em Nengasaqui [Nagasaki], 1603; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nippojishovocabv06doit">Exemplar mutuabile</a></span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannes_Rodrigues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioannes Rodrigues (non est haec pagina)">Ioanni Rodrigues</a> attributum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a> : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Didacus_Colladus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Didacus Colladus (non est haec pagina)">Colladi</a> <i>Ars Grammaticae Iaponicae Linguae</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://wwwopac.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/cgi-bin/limedio/limewwwopac/page?sessionId=20050910.5745;sessionSeq=3033;sessionLang=eng;sessionCode=utf8;bookid=698061;tocid=0;pageseq=2;sessionId=20050910.5745">[1]</a><sup style="padding-left: 2px;">[<a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Nexus_deficit" title="Vicipaedia:Nexus deficit"><i>nexus deficit</i></a>]</sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/17713"><i>Ars grammaticae Iaponicae linguae by Diego Collado - Project Gutenberg</i> apud www.gutenberg.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a> : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Didacus_Colladus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Didacus Colladus (non est haec pagina)">Colladi</a> <i>Dictionarium sive thesauri linguae Iaponicae compendium</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_externi">Nexus externi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Recensere partem: Nexus externi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Iaponica&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Nexus externi"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 255px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ja.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Wikipedia-logo-v2-ja.svg/135px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-ja.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Wikipedia-logo-v2-ja.svg/203px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-ja.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Wikipedia-logo-v2-ja.svg/270px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-ja.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 70px;"><i><b><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ja:">Vicipaedia in Lingua Iaponica</a></b></i></div> </div> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina prima">Vicimedia Communia</a></b> plura habent quae ad <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Japanese_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Japanese language">linguam Iaponicam</a></b> spectant. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090202181422/http://www.shotokai.com.br/akser-curso-de-japones.html">AKSER Brasil - Lingua Iaponica</a>, apud www.shotokai.com.br</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041211041914/http://ha5.seikyou.ne.jp/home/geschu/frame_lt.htm">Index Verborum linguae Iaponicae - Latinae</a>, apud ha5.seikyou.ne.jp (solum verba <a href="/wiki/Ius" title="Ius">iuris</a>)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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