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vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Zaleđina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaleđina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zaleđina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaleđina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primena_u_neuronauci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primena_u_neuronauci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Primena u neuronauci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primena_u_neuronauci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spoljašnje_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spoljašnje_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Spoljašnje veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spoljašnje_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neurotoksin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 43 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="سم عصبي — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سم عصبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Нейратаксін — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нейратаксін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Невротоксин — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Невротоксин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin" title="Neurotoxin — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neurotoxin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervengift" title="Nervengift — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nervengift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Νευροτοξίνη — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νευροτοξίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin" title="Neurotoxin — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Neurotoxin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C5%ADrotoksino" title="Neŭrotoksino — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Neŭrotoksino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxina" title="Neurotoxina — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neurotoxina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxina" title="Neurotoxina — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Neurotoxina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="نوروتوکسین — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوروتوکسین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermomyrkky" title="Hermomyrkky — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hermomyrkky" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxine" title="Neurotoxine — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Neurotoxine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9aratocsain%C3%AD" title="Néaratocsainí — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Néaratocsainí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxina" title="Neurotoxina — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Neurotoxina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieu-nearag" title="Nieu-nearag — Manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Nieu-nearag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99" title="רעלן עצבי — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רעלן עצבי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="तंत्रिका परिधीय जहर — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तंत्रिका परिधीय जहर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoksini" title="Neurotoksini — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Neurotoksini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin" title="Neurotoxin — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Neurotoxin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoksin" title="Neurotoksin — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Neurotoksin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotossina" title="Neurotossina — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neurotossina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C%E6%AF%92" title="神経毒 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="神経毒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Нейроуыт — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нейроуыт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EB%8F%85" title="신경독 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신경독" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoksinas" title="Neurotoksinas — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neurotoksinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoksin" title="Neurotoksin — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Neurotoksin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxine" title="Neurotoxine — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neurotoxine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervegift" title="Nervegift — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nervegift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevrotoksin" title="Nevrotoksin — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nevrotoksin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoksyny" title="Neurotoksyny — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neurotoksyny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxina" title="Neurotoxina — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Neurotoxina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin%C4%83" title="Neurotoxină — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Neurotoxină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нейротоксин — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нейротоксин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin" title="Neurotoxin — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Neurotoxin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoksina" title="Neurotoksina — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Neurotoksina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoksin" title="Neurotoksin — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Neurotoksin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervgift" title="Nervgift — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nervgift" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97" title="สารพิษต่อระบบประสาท — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารพิษต่อระบบประสาท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6rotoksin" title="Nörotoksin — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nörotoksin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Нейротоксини — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нейротоксини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin" title="Neurotoxin — 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q407752" title="Pogledajte povezanu stavku u skladištu podataka [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Preusmjereno sa stranice <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksikologija&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotoksikologija">Neurotoksikologija</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Cyanobacterial_Scum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cyanobacterial_Scum.JPG/300px-Cyanobacterial_Scum.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cyanobacterial_Scum.JPG/450px-Cyanobacterial_Scum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cyanobacterial_Scum.JPG/600px-Cyanobacterial_Scum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Neurotoksini su prisutni u brojnim organizmima, uključujući pojedine vrste <a href="/wiki/Cijanobakterija" class="mw-redirect" title="Cijanobakterija">cijanobakterija</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> koje mogu naći u <a href="/wiki/Cvetanje_mora" title="Cvetanje mora">procvetalom moru</a> ili nanete na <a href="/wiki/Obala" title="Obala">obalu</a> u zelenom skramu.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Neurotoksin</b> je termin izveden iz <a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">starogrčkih</a> reči: νευρών (nevron) „žila“ i τοξικόν (toksikon) „<a href="/wiki/Toksin" class="mw-redirect" title="Toksin">toksin</a>“. Neurotoksini su velika klasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksogenija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksogenija (stranica ne postoji)">eksogenih</a> hemijskih neuroloških štetnih materija<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer2000_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> koje mogu negativno da utiču na funkciju tkiva u razviću, kao i zrelog nervnog tkiva.<sup id="cite_ref-Olney2002_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olney2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovaj termin takođe može da se koristi u klasifikaciji <a href="/wiki/Endogen" title="Endogen">endogenih</a> jedinjenja koja u abnormalnim koncentracijama mogu da budu neurološki toksična.<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer2000_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mada su neurotoksini često neurološki destruktivni, njihova sposobnost da specifično deluju na nervme komponente je važna u izučavanju nervnog sistema.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiernan2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiernan2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uobičajeni primeri neurotoksina su <a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">olovo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELidsky2003_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELidsky2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Heaton2000_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heaton2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Glutaminska_kiselina" title="Glutaminska kiselina">glutamat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Choi1987_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choi1987-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Azot-monoksid" title="Azot-monoksid">azot-monoksid</a> (NO),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhang1994_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhang1994-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Botulinski_toksin" title="Botulinski toksin">botulinski toksin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Rosales1996_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosales1996-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tetanospazmin" title="Tetanospazmin">tetanus toksin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Simpson1986_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpson1986-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i <a href="/wiki/Tetrodotoksin" title="Tetrodotoksin">tetrodotoksin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiernan2005_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiernan2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neurotoksinsko dejstvo se može okarakterisati inhibicijom <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neuronske</a> kontrole <a href="/wiki/Jon" title="Jon">jonskih</a> koncentracija duž <a href="/wiki/%C4%86elija_(biologija)" title="Ćelija (biologija)">ćelijske</a> membrane,<sup id="cite_ref-Kiernan2005_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiernan2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ili komunikacije između neurona preko <a href="/wiki/Sinapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinapse">sinapse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arnon2001_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnon2001-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lokalna <a href="/wiki/Patologija" title="Patologija">patologija</a> izlaganja neurotoksinu često obuhvata neuronsku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekscitotoksi%C4%8Dnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekscitotoksičnost (stranica ne postoji)">ekscitotoksičnost</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Apoptoza" title="Apoptoza">apoptozu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dikranian2001_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dikranian2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kao i oštećenje <a href="/wiki/Glijalne_%C4%87elije" title="Glijalne ćelije">glijalne ćelije</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Deng2003_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deng2003-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Makroskopske manifestacije izloženosti neurotoksinima mogu da budu znatna oštećenja <a href="/wiki/Centralni_nervni_sistem" title="Centralni nervni sistem">centralnog nervnog sistema</a> poput <a href="/wiki/Mentalna_zaostalost" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentalna zaostalost">mentalne retardacije</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Olney2002_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olney2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> persistentnog oštećenja <a href="/wiki/Memorija" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorija">memorije</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Epilepsija" title="Epilepsija">epilepsije</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Demencija" title="Demencija">demencije</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENadler1978_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENadler1978-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osim toga, neurotoksinom posredovano oštećenje <a href="/wiki/Periferni_nervni_sistem" title="Periferni nervni sistem">perifernog nervnog sistema</a> kao što je <a href="/wiki/Periferna_neuropatija" title="Periferna neuropatija">neuropatija</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miopatija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miopatija (stranica ne postoji)">miopatija</a> je često. Postoje brojni tretmani čiji je cilj ublažavanje neurotoksinima posredovanih povreda, npr. primena <a href="/wiki/Antioksidans" title="Antioksidans">antioksidanasa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Heaton2000_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heaton2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antitoksin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antitoksin (stranica ne postoji)">antitoksina</a><sup id="cite_ref-Thyagarajan2009_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thyagarajan2009-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i etanola.<sup id="cite_ref-Takadera1990_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takadera1990-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zaleđina"><span id="Zale.C4.91ina"></span>Zaleđina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Zaleđina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksin&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zaleđina"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Complete labeled neuron." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg/300px-Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg/450px-Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg/600px-Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Ilustracija tipičnog multipolarnog neurona</figcaption></figure> <p>Izloženost neurotoksinima nije nova pojava. Civilizacije su bile izložene neurološki destruktivnim jedinjenjima hiljadama godina. Jedan značajan primjer je moguće znatno izlaganje olovu u <a href="/wiki/Rimsko_carstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimsko carstvo">Rimskom carstvu</a> usled razvoja obimnih <a href="/wiki/Vodovod" title="Vodovod">vodovodnih mreža</a>, i prakse kovanja vina u olovnim posudama da bi postalo slađe, procesom kojim se formira <a href="/wiki/Olovo_acetat" class="mw-redirect" title="Olovo acetat">olovo acetat</a>, poznat kao "olovni šećer".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodge2002_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodge2002-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neurotoksini su nezamarljiv činilac ljudske istorije, zbog krhke i osetljive prirode nervnog sistema, što ga čini veoma sklonim poremećajima. </p><p>Nervna tkiva prisutna u <a href="/wiki/Mozak" title="Mozak">mozgu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ki%C4%8Dmena_mo%C5%BEdina" title="Kičmena moždina">kičmenoj moždini</a>, i periferiji sačinjavaju izuzetno složen biološki sistem koji u velikoj meri definiše mnoštvo jedinstvenih svojstava osobe. Kao i kod svakog drugog visoko kompleksnog sistema, međutim, čak i male perturbacije njegovog okruženja mogu da uzrokuju znatne funkcionalne poremećaje. Neke od karakteristika koje čine nervni sistem visoko podložnim su velika površina neurona, njihov visok <a href="/wiki/Lipid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipid">lipidni</a> sadržaj u kome se zadržavaju lipofilni toksini, visok <a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krvni</a> protok u mozgu koji indukuje povišeno efektivno izlaganje toksinu, i postojanost neurona tokom životnog veka osobe, što dovodi do nagomilavanja oštećenja.<sup id="cite_ref-Dobbs2009_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dobbs2009-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konsekventno, nervni sistemi poseduju brojne mehanizme koji ih štite od unutrašnjih, i spoljašnjih napada, uključujući kvrno moždanju barijeru. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Krvno-mo%C5%BEdana_barijera" title="Krvno-moždana barijera">Krvno-moždana barijera</a> (BBB) je kritičan primer zaštite koji sprečava toksine i druga neželjena jedinjenja da dospeju do mozga.<sup id="cite_ref-Widmaier2008_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Widmaier2008-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pošto su mozgu potreban unos hranljivih materija i uklanjanje otpada, on je protkan krvnim sudovima. Krv može da nosi brojne toksine, koji imaju sposnost uzrokovanja neuronskih oštećenja. Stoga, zaštitne ćelije zvane <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrocit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrocit (stranica ne postoji)">astrociti</a> okružuju kapilare mozga, apsorbuju nutrijente iz krvi, i naknadno ih transportuju do neurona, čime efektivno sprečavaju pristup mozgu za potencijalno štetne hemijske materijale.<sup id="cite_ref-Widmaier2008_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Widmaier2008-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Blood_Brain_Barriere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Blood Brain Barrier." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blood_Brain_Barriere.jpg/330px-Blood_Brain_Barriere.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blood_Brain_Barriere.jpg/495px-Blood_Brain_Barriere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blood_Brain_Barriere.jpg/660px-Blood_Brain_Barriere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Astrociti okružuju kapilare u mozgu i formiraju krvno-moždanu barijeru</figcaption></figure> <p>Ova barijera stvara čvrst <a href="/wiki/Hidrofobnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrofobnost">hidrofobni</a> sloj oko <a href="/wiki/Kapilara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapilara">kapilara</a> u mozgu, koji inhibira transport velikih <a href="/wiki/Hidrofilnost" title="Hidrofilnost">hidrofilnih</a> jedinjenja. Pored BBB, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasoganglion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasoganglion (stranica ne postoji)">vasoganglion</a> pruža zaštini sloj protiv apsorpcije toksina u mozgu. Vasoganglioni su vaskularizovani slojevi tkiva prisutni u trećem, četvrtom, i lateralnim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ventrikularna_sistem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ventrikularna sistem (stranica ne postoji)">moždanim komorama</a>, koji su putem funkcije njihovih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ependimska_%C4%87elija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ependimska ćelija (stranica ne postoji)">ependimskih</a> ćelija odgovrni za sintezu <a href="/wiki/Likvor" title="Likvor">cerebrospinalnog fluida</a> (CSF).<sup id="cite_ref-Martini2009_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martini2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selektivnim propuštanjem <a href="/wiki/Jon" title="Jon">jona</a> i nutrijenata i blokiranjem pristupa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Te%C5%A1ki_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teški metal (stranica ne postoji)">teškim metalima</a> kao što je olovo, vasoganglioni održavaju strogo regulisano okruženje kojim je obuhvaćen mozak i kičmena moždina.<sup id="cite_ref-Widmaier2008_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Widmaier2008-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Martini2009_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martini2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gray749.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Choroid plexus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray749.png/220px-Gray749.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray749.png/330px-Gray749.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray749.png/440px-Gray749.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption><center>Vasoganglion<center></center></center></figcaption></figure> <p>Pojedina jedinjenja, među kojima je deo neutoksina, mogu da prodru do mozga i izazovu znatnih oštećenja. Ta jedinjenja su uglavnom hidrofobna i mala, ili imaju sposobnost inbiranja astrocitnih funkcija. Potreba da se identifikuju i tretiraju neurotoksini, je dovela do rastućeg interesovanja u neurotoksikološka istraživanja i klinička ispitivanja.<sup id="cite_ref-Costa2011_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costa2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mada je klinička neurotoksikologija uglavnom u začeću, progres je napravljen u identifikaciji niza neurotoksina iz životne sredine, i klasifikacije 750 do 1000 poznatih potencijalno neurotoksičnih jedinjenja.<sup id="cite_ref-Dobbs2009_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dobbs2009-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usled kritične važnosti nalaženja neurotoksina u životnoj sredini, razvijeni su specifični protokoli za testiranje i određivanje neurotoksičnog dejstva jedinjenja (USEPA 1998). Dodatno, <a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in-vitro</a> sistemi se primenjuju u sve većoj meri, jer oni imaju niz prednosti u odnosu na <a href="/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in-vivo</a> sisteme, koji su ranije prvenstveno korišteni. Primeri poboljšanja su prilagodljivo, uniformno okruženje, i eliminacija kontaminarajućih efekata sistemskog metabolizma.<sup id="cite_ref-Costa2011_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costa2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In-vitro sistemi imaju niz ograničenja, kao što su poteškoće u adekvatnom reprodukovanju kompleksnosti nervnog sistema, poput interakcija između astrocita i neurona u formiranju BBB.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry1998_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry1998-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faktor koji dodatno komplikuje proces određivanja neurotoksina putem in-vitro testiranja je problem razlikovanja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksi%C4%8Dnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurotoksičnost (stranica ne postoji)">neurotoksičnosti</a> i citotoksičnosti, pošto direktno izlaganje neurona datom jedinjenju nije uvek moguće in-vivo. Isto tako, ćelijski respons na hemikalije ne daje uvek preciznu indikaciju tipa toksina, pošto simptomi kao što je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksidativni_stres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksidativni stres (stranica ne postoji)">oksidativni stres</a> ili skeletalne modifikacije mogu da budu posledica neurotoksičnog ali i citotoksičnog dejstva.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGartlon2006_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGartlon2006-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da bi se prevazišle te komplikacije, nedavno je predloženo da je tačnija mera razlike između neurotoksina i citotoksina u in-vitro uslovima praćenje neuritskih izdanaka (bilo aksonskih ili dendritskih). Znatan stepen nepreciznosti ovih merenja je razlog za njihovo sporo prihvatanje širokoj upotrebi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMundy2008_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMundy2008-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pored ovoga, biohemijski mehanizmi su ušli u širu primenu u neurotoksinskom testiranju, tako da je moguće testirati da li jedinjenja ometaju ćelijske mehanizme, kao što je inhibicija <a href="/wiki/Acetilholinesteraza" title="Acetilholinesteraza">acetilholinesterazne</a> sposobnosti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organofosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organofosfat (stranica ne postoji)">organofosfatima</a> (uključujući <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sarin" title="Sarin">sarin</a> gas).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELotti2005_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELotti2005-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mada je metodima za određivanje neurotoksičnosti još uvek potreban znatan razvoj, identifikacija simptoma izlaganja štetnim jedinjenjima i toksinima je doživela znatan napredak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primena_u_neuronauci">Primena u neuronauci</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Primena u neuronauci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksin&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Primena u neuronauci"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mada su raznovrsni u pogledu hemijskih svojstava i funkcija, neurotoksini imaju zajedničko svojstvo da deluju istim mehanizmom, koji dovodi do poremećaja ili uništavanja neophodnih komponenti <a href="/wiki/Nervni_sistem" title="Nervni sistem">nervnog sistema</a>. Neurotoksini su veoma korisni u polju <a href="/wiki/Neuronauka" title="Neuronauka">neuronauke</a>. Kako je nervni sistem većine organizama veoma kompleksan i neophodan za opstanak, on je prirodno postao meta napada predatora i plena. Pošto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venum (stranica ne postoji)">venumski organizmi</a> često koriste svoje neurotoksine da brzo potčine predatora ili plen, toksini su evoluirali tako da su postali visoko specifični za njihove ciljne kanale, te se toksin lako ne vezuje za druge mete.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams2003_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams2003-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usled toga, neurotoksini su efektivna sredstva koja precizno deluju na pojedine elemente nervnog sistema. Jedan ran primer neurotoksinskog delovanja je koristio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izotopno_obele%C5%BEavanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izotopno obeležavanje (stranica ne postoji)">radioobleženi</a> tetrodotoksin za isptivanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrijumov_kanal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrijumov kanal (stranica ne postoji)">natrijumovih kanala</a> i za precizno merenje njihove koncentracije duž nervnih <a href="/wiki/%C4%86elijska_membrana" title="Ćelijska membrana">membrana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams2003_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams2003-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slično tome putem izolacije pojedinih aktivnosti kanala, neurotoksini su omogućili poboljšanje originalnog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hodgkin%E2%80%93Hakslijev_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hodgkin–Hakslijev model (stranica ne postoji)">Hodgkin-Haklijevog modela</a> neurona zasnovanog na teoretskoj pretpostavci da generički natrijumski ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalijumski_kanal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalijumski kanal (stranica ne postoji)">kalijumski kanali</a> mogu da budu odgovorni za većinu funkcija nervnog tkiva.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams2003_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams2003-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Počevši od te preliminarne predpostavke, koristeći opšta jedinjenja kao što su tetrodotoksin, <a href="/wiki/Tetraetilamonijum" title="Tetraetilamonijum">tetraetilamonijum</a>, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bungarotoksin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bungarotoksin (stranica ne postoji)">bungarotoksine</a> došto je do razvoja znatno dubljeg rezumevanja različitih načina na koji se pojedinačni neuroni ponašaju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksin&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reference"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556849">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sivonen K (1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scottish Government 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spencer2000-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Spencer2000_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Spencer2000_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpencer2000">Spencer 2000</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSpencer2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olney2002-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Olney2002_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Olney2002_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Olney 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kiernan2005-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kiernan2005_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kiernan2005_5-1">5,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kiernan2005_5-2">5,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKiernan2005">Kiernan 2005</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKiernan2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELidsky2003-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELidsky2003_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLidsky2003">Lidsky 2003</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLidsky2003 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heaton2000-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Heaton2000_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Heaton2000_7-1">7,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeaton2000">Heaton 2000</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHeaton2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Choi1987-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Choi1987_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChoi1987">Choi 1987</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFChoi1987 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhang1994-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhang1994_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZhang1994">Zhang 1994</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFZhang1994 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosales1996-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rosales1996_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosales1996">Rosales 1996</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRosales1996 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simpson1986-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Simpson1986_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimpson1986">Simpson 1986</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSimpson1986 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arnon2001-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Arnon2001_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnon2001">Arnon 2001</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFArnon2001 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dikranian2001-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dikranian2001_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDikranian2001">Dikranian 2001</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDikranian2001 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deng2003-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Deng2003_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeng2003">Deng 2003</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDeng2003 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jevtovic-Todorovic 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENadler1978-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENadler1978_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNadler1978">Nadler 1978</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFNadler1978 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thyagarajan2009-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Thyagarajan2009_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThyagarajan2009">Thyagarajan 2009</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFThyagarajan2009 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Takadera1990-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Takadera1990_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTakadera1990">Takadera 1990</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTakadera1990 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodge2002-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodge2002_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHodge2002">Hodge 2002</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFHodge2002 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dobbs2009-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dobbs2009_20-0">20,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dobbs2009_20-1">20,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDobbs2009">Dobbs 2009</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDobbs2009 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Widmaier2008-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Widmaier2008_21-0">21,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Widmaier2008_21-1">21,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Widmaier2008_21-2">21,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWidmaier2008">Widmaier 2008</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWidmaier2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martini2009-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Martini2009_22-0">22,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Martini2009_22-1">22,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartini2009">Martini 2009</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMartini2009 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Costa2011-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Costa2011_23-0">23,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Costa2011_23-1">23,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCosta2011">Costa 2011</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCosta2011 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry1998-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry1998_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarry1998">Harry 1998</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFHarry1998 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGartlon2006-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGartlon2006_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGartlon2006">Gartlon 2006</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFGartlon2006 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMundy2008-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMundy2008_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMundy2008">Mundy 2008</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFMundy2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELotti2005-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELotti2005_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLotti2005">Lotti 2005</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLotti2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adams2003-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Adams2003_28-0">28,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Adams2003_28-1">28,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Adams2003_28-2">28,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdams2003">Adams 2003</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAdams2003 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Harv and Sfn template errors (stranica ne postoji)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksin&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41379810">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="column-count: 2;"> <ul><li>Adams, Michael E., and Baldomero M. Olivera (1994) "Neurotoxins: Overview of an Emerging Research Technology." <i>Trends in Neuroscience,</i> <b>17</b> (4): 151–55.</li> <li>Ahasan, H A M N, A. A. Mamun, S. R. Karim, M. A. Baker, E. A. Gazi, and C. S. Bala (2004) "Paralytic Complications of Puffer Fish (Tetrodotoxin) Poisoning." <i>Singapore Medical Journal,</i> <b>73</b> (42.2): 73–74.</li> <li>Arnon, Stephen S., Robert Schechter, Thomas V. Inglesby, Donald A. Henderson, John G. Bartlett, Michael S. Ascher, Edward Eitzen, Anne D. Fine, Jerome Hauer, Marcelle Layton, Scott Lillibridge, Michael T. Osterholm, Tara O'Toole, Gerald Parker, Trish M. Perl, Philip K. Russell, David L. Swerdlow, and Kevin Tonat (2001) "Botulinum Toxin as a Biological Weapon." <i>The Journal of the Americal Medical Association,</i> <b>285</b> (8): 1059–069.</li> <li>Aschner, M., and J. 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class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Farmakologija-lat" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Farmakologija-lat"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";background:#efefef;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Farmakologija-lat&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";background:#efefef;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Farmakološki_koncepti" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Farmakologija" title="Farmakologija">Farmakološki</a> <a href="/wiki/Lek" class="mw-redirect" title="Lek">koncepti</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farmakokinetika" title="Farmakokinetika">Farmakokinetika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/ADME" title="ADME">ADME</a>: <a href="/wiki/Apsorpcija_(farmakokinetika)" title="Apsorpcija (farmakokinetika)">Apsorpcija</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Distribucija_(farmakologija)" title="Distribucija (farmakologija)">Distribucija</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Metabolizam_leka" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolizam leka">Metabolizam</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Ekskrecija" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekskrecija">Ekskrecija</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uklanjanje_(medicina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uklanjanje (medicina)">Uklanjanje</a>) <p><a href="/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_doza" title="Početna doza">Početna doza</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Volumen_distribucije" title="Volumen distribucije">Volumen distribucije</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inicijalni_volumen_raspodele" class="mw-redirect" title="Inicijalni volumen raspodele">Inicijalni</a>) •  <a href="/wiki/Stopa_infuzije" title="Stopa infuzije">Stopa infuzije</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pregrada_(farmakokinetika)" title="Pregrada (farmakokinetika)">Pregrada</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Bioekvivalentnost" title="Bioekvivalentnost">Bioekvivalentnost</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Bioraspolo%C5%BEivost" title="Bioraspoloživost">Biodostupnost</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Po%C4%8Detak_dejstva" title="Početak dejstva">Početak dejstva</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Poluvreme_eliminacije" title="Poluvreme eliminacije">Biološki polu-život</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Vezivanje_za_proteine_plazme" title="Vezivanje za proteine plazme">Vezivanje za proteine plazme</a> </p> <a href="/wiki/Terapeutski_indeks" title="Terapeutski indeks">Terapeutski indeks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Letalna_doza" class="mw-redirect" title="Letalna doza">LD<sub>50</sub></a>/<a href="/wiki/Efektivna_doza" title="Efektivna doza">ED<sub>50</sub></a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farmakodinamika" title="Farmakodinamika">Farmakodinamika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Toksi%C4%8Dnost" title="Toksičnost">Toksičnost</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neurotoksikologija" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotoksikologija">Neurotoksikologija</a>) •  <a href="/wiki/Odnos_doza-efekat" class="mw-redirect" title="Odnos doza-efekat">Odnos doza-efekat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Efikasnost#Farmakologija" title="Efikasnost">Efikasnost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potentnost_(farmakologija)" title="Potentnost (farmakologija)">Potentnost</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Antimikrobna_farmakodinamika" title="Antimikrobna farmakodinamika">Antimikrobna farmakodinamika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Minimalna_inhibitorna_koncentracija" title="Minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija">Minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bakteriostati%C4%8Dki_agens" title="Bakteriostatički agens">Bakteriostatik</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Minimalna_baktericidna_koncentracija" title="Minimalna baktericidna koncentracija">Minimalna baktericidna koncentracija</a>/<a href="/wiki/Baktericid" title="Baktericid">Baktericid</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonizam i antagonizam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Agonist_(farmakologija)" title="Agonist (farmakologija)">Agonist</a>: <a href="/wiki/Inverzni_agonist" title="Inverzni agonist">Inverzni agonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Ireverzibilni_agonist" title="Ireverzibilni agonist">Ireverzibilni agonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Parcijalni_agonist" title="Parcijalni agonist">Parcijalni agonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Superagonist" title="Superagonist">Superagonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Fiziolo%C5%A1ki_agonizam_i_antagonizam" title="Fiziološki agonizam i antagonizam">Fiziološki agonist</a><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Antagonist_(farmakologija)" title="Antagonist (farmakologija)">Antagonist</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kompetitivni_antagonist" title="Kompetitivni antagonist">Konkurentni antagonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Ireverzibilni_antagonist" title="Ireverzibilni antagonist">Ireverzibilni antagonist</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Fiziolo%C5%A1ki_agonizam_i_antagonizam" title="Fiziološki agonizam i antagonizam">Fiziološki antagonist</a> </p> Drugo: <a href="/wiki/Vezivanje_(molekulsko)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vezivanje (molekulsko)">Vezivanje</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Konstanta_disocijacije#Protein-ligand_vezivanje" title="Konstanta disocijacije">Afinitet</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Selektivnost_vezivanja" title="Selektivnost vezivanja">Selektivnost vezivanja</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Funkcionalna_selektivnost" title="Funkcionalna selektivnost">Funkcionalna selektivnost</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drugo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tolerancija_leka" title="Tolerancija leka">Tolerancija leka</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tahifilaksija" title="Tahifilaksija">Tahifilaksija</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Otpornost_na_lek" title="Otpornost na lek">Otpornost na lek</a>: <a href="/wiki/Otpornost_na_antibiotik" class="mw-redirect" title="Otpornost na antibiotik">Otpornost na antibiotik</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Otpornost_na_vi%C5%A1estruke_lekove" title="Otpornost na višestruke lekove">Otpornost na višestruke lekove</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Srodna polja/podpolja</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Farmakogenetika" title="Farmakogenetika">Farmakogenetika</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Farmakogenomika" title="Farmakogenomika">Farmakogenomika</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Neuropsihofarmakologija" title="Neuropsihofarmakologija">Neuropsihofarmakologija</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neurofarmakologija" title="Neurofarmakologija">Neurofarmakologija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psihofarmakologija" title="Psihofarmakologija">Psihofarmakologija</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksin&oldid=41415774">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksin&oldid=41415774</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Neurotoksini" title="Kategorija:Neurotoksini">Neurotoksini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Neuroznanost" title="Kategorija:Neuroznanost">Neuroznanost</a></li><li><a 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