CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b76fef7349f6',cH: 'jF.PSM.CTCWhUdS4B49OQoq62osQeoLZVKzj9wWR68I-1739784184-1.2.1.1-Wa0kHjonf0f1aR5eRoDi6IS2wBiJMC4EgcTSpGqxCFz2NsZHJLXS1HWlEUbtJkzU',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=opposing%20pistons&__cf_chl_tk=FMtwuHR.pADsvkQza3LufTjCXIsSKWDF2esJ5H.p9.g-1739784184-1.0.1.1-_aOblpy7CuNq9BseIJuVuMe.6dlKqAKBcM0lgvEwQxI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784184',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=opposing%20pistons&__cf_chl_f_tk=FMtwuHR.pADsvkQza3LufTjCXIsSKWDF2esJ5H.p9.g-1739784184-1.0.1.1-_aOblpy7CuNq9BseIJuVuMe.6dlKqAKBcM0lgvEwQxI",md: "InSCnLN6gpx3LtL0es4.ewipIvZTX0sVS3.rUYuHFZE-1739784184-1.2.1.1-zTCyJzwEMtUpe5B_4cQRdKwAkKbUiavWl93ALNR9_LOJjAS.Hl77uFqy9rBD5y6YfTLI5Qoca0aJyHTp0s1iRREp5KxvMECRBklShe3eLAm8fyyNKqhTdj3dzWJiMaWTpYohLeIbtc0bDj1f0w5zkE8b4Dyfly.2IWeHVGgAXHA6ejVDOcJULkYRODop6bRI3kQJFK69jEEQix2dAAn0sbuDrIQTt1DzwzZOR40tUbQN5dC0khAInrzrrFd9FZN9P9H_v6bdMRICJP29f5QScWHfRPjs5skzDQEIWeiMM3qToJaCLcCkkjxkov9GB4RjK7JJCy5x976GHPujoBrGO18T20kKJyMhCMLC2HrBtz7NIlJlucg8G3jO3L4n3MWyxI76_muRTY2GUhqZ9lrUUMjSqZR2UfbCTdMoTnSHuI6o1Et7DRbPI0ySMABuAVY50rWc8mtRghwgnChr9vV_JpRAa6p3teZ9JTUGnWuPbHwIoEvPLGXaaeJ4s3YjroAQLCJxrB5tNqohJ_NmMrfAg.jFST_cr6P7Zdyto7F0D9sf8wXOiOQ6NvPoxVv9J.KUcNN81hFMgytGSHjdu6BSb5F_NMkueizx38GOVkakQJgvLT2X27HAuiE1iAKwYpq4J45BE3hSOy4aNBFe.j.CsgI7NUrXr_gyXy.kCUyspxJP7D3VTpU63BcY6FTH_i1jT46r6RQzjhW5fXvUVczvPlscDzqqdw2s0xk9V68xYj88IERdHM2AOKtkoIgGTPUdIkXEwfFiWVqkcWIhrgwI3UuWAYPMuRwYTlFdns9i9Xsgy7.TEFzIWa7ULWimm4aXE6CMQeNlhEzF2Itz4nJ5LTOCYJNiyaBpObmaMTw94TG7V8EYJFoeCSu7TTW84xa0Ge1qFsO4hHSN4YEuOaSA37fniGWwTLyc4ajP0SAVBCx1.DpJnqLFO3AiOu8tH._.Nv_cEnHZb8TM8T7si1H7dOfgVoZI5jf3CTPjzjBl5Ju39bSXjOY.HQMDf.TqHKrTizjKE9ZsOJZ2dSaw9UzrdBInoB4iMPdOxk4gsMt64U2UW3AoZGi6MukmyZnYej.FtqvqkSXUzqtXUYPc19MmLE8jF9CKJbo9vNK87rVp9Wrak2uc1l6rmPG46IuDTqneuYstO3ZOKI_aVG6o_KygST90PAWfD1uTMTxbJdptfSfgz0wQ3A_ucJi1hBPAhTo.xa8W9_1Z_xcEeMq1OzXpD_24D0Aa9OPfn9j.GUOLMHvf5g4Qq.lH3ZmRPy073dcq9bzJvq_DDZKHoVYbRLJ4O181yTTr3tbRsXOIPQYGJ4sUwhaqynyhx2sCq2Uq9icWrdWCXBCvK1g3QIhkeIoG.h69zS1I4GK6xmaTerkB1xTkEyhdkshq8eUTzOg1EUkOnDu_OrPymu0uxKMYGG2JGsnqVZ43sBFGa4wGizh_yZGP5UbqVFfoUYj9hVA9GaL.5u0Xw.siKNN8VpNQqwkWQ.9GpwMLkkysEK7iFn5I1liGck7hUx0z99ZxcVnJXqsgxyDDAGyhbIH9JFcVVGA6tG1RXsWwjEu1e1sDWaa4Q3wi5rF_Gturh3LBx8YQmpypT_8kIUxuhEi0gp2CBf9Hn0Ll6.1aXvk1PhCL3eca11MJl8Ylo5XPnwkZ7DHiH0XZXLHoGJoyLiEpx9gSfFRX1EgVsKR7E0dqsA0LorPxkPtxwiftzhlIR2g5q_bcqD4LbJmdXSKIH9FmQGOWb1WVK67KbRprLnAcYLqmqVLED1187tz32KrxOt5wJBPynEKMOHjnVLM0Z3v_xSOaojw12AzsOvC6okt5tyUDt8G1LRPZD7236zdD7dHecL_dua0ixby_JvjlBzop4DXM42XNA9G5wOujSLYRQwY2_lS4Zl8.6JZ1UonFN7fbRR2HS3Tu4gVSr5AtDSTioCPfSaYNBSjQ8Mpswezq986I_9e9QWk",mdrd: "hiEIUT3rgN2YUD58Q7J3tNWZjgOAkInFAGuV1MYKGQY-1739784184-1.2.1.1-s1lSey.xaIo_bxhwmT3b8wZqNA2I5aHWttfIGID9U8brlQik2nBW3iG7nttB5wRMh2o8BXFeUgje_faI6lVmIFtFFgGBHyr40FOPAH4MBfeXjNvpOymc1d1_EpR0f0XOrEUfZsQpQniDOE.ZhAKMLgoJPfIrHVYxDjPEZSewKSuL4T7TWab_PXyDq5tjr7V6f8X4aOI4wUQifPChXE.4Dsanni6kU3K6jYFD6atlRjLwidJ_wOV9YxnNDZqJDxqstTyyn1CT3_n8XP0jES9AO16MSG6ASw_U._qdCbOHltzgucnSaa4Xz5uHoQ_gVfzji7bZiENemWieDGU8Lb6uufOxFP2nFqJlJetHu9zTWp6b8sAXiY3QsBQTMg_NZHHalcRwHLxEeAO78NCcwj51XyLAJc7tb3caddkJClX_tw1v69k.12oRZnz.kJPSHIaBSrV.kRrlxibX3pvwPoLz4cpywUDv.MtwGJKZUR5A7H.LC2g_ihG1TWSi24qbYNiJdEkSki._PT_gqmSVyOeZAGRSM9FAdRztLTwONiPiwpsOaGQpHFKqOY486vyOOWPxIJSGyC04H7Rn4wS9KlGf22hyX9mDe_uH1IUxQb4vEN77nJY2aiPTjZtwZNYfhmymFLafeuA.i_FtVfySJ5AZTXS3fIvM_OVaZZZQvZPytZyNVMJm3AzzeRjeeushBDXk44w1wROzeO6vCGtD4iV3wQ54Z8NhsSCrkA.OvqHO2eGr8RqLqCYpRSmbWgv8CeutdQeVOJzdSdGhmxYkw0TxX25oQr0GDwcu.Pead_FqCzWXPT11Kt5TFaQwLSDzD.hiXwJt_KAw3e..54l7z17QhvmKQ96UQBjddO65fCC3.A6OT6AXsXJGWlNbPMbWPB9Anol7pcXrv16drzJR2ps4BeJp3sGUOBgW_BTYmf69SDwcIRfaNSv7m7n63fvsDqSOKHqTQ_5NRVQYNC4pNAnJbBBG3lftGj.tfx06vuLGqVaNnvT34SKSHxhJFkYof2kcBAIPnj5z1ZE_6GOaZ0rs7L4232RD6a.RG.z.fYAPaPyQpUoN35ZgFTwUHKzghYLqY2D7OGBVbUT0dCvYBhcsU9Hz7tpaOLnYBifF4SQFPxBsk9sbMEPyV6S3ECsvaX8PK1S8eBBgx2st6TXYG7GbxLaiE5R_YC8pziVvuC0Na3YYP9QLWw0vseiV.UN2anDPGAE70H3f1SuwFgLCOAncdG8reX.3TwNKauIbN1V.Qzv.i0KaKFmxdljH95h6kupB5i0Hd3mVpFi41NZZuPGP8OViw3mWxwnmmI3kagnNLHBM6h4hjanRTDmtoBUx22CacMuL41ZVBq32FoGCVwVaBCecBITSJbWkTP_.NxeWEaVqAA7yE96aokpc94moZBOva3U581Irc9icKxEOafysZxksimwIYBgieLo66NcuC9eZQtIDFZYGjn0VHoYtGK551USZozL1dFRNmSO2kJvVnRdnxdeSiUlUQyyVdVMxydq0YzgE3DTjt.JukP_ENup2sBbsAiQ46MgKO9_Em52duvTkvDcczyYt3a3kkkpYPMnP5MeUBAJGkYby_fywb6bKF3UtdS.tITPSnFYww9NM8GYql8nYl3vJD4aSwkqgU726WrIWvewZl7qasNVywaQGkObFe1hZ4vlu8zos8VcMp1.H5k15qG0KlVOHnYKyWv0uCaOf0wMY2HoC.4NSnmdMhwTMg2qX_f.yERnB.qyWVJvOGmZ5aGYZmPOpDD3PIcXiql.Lpht7lHddClsvlVuruBTubB4AR4SjHXHzgFFno4mEuZoJSakGsnsyQkAj8RYIVGq3DIlwp7H4z6wAcAN3KENEboCrhRTk2zdtN6X4A8SLHXv48iDMfIS6POc6Hqr7vaHw6qdmTLwXLlSEh7UM6gUaC7Blp7jHCWKSffuIeHL9z6k6XUKG5a36mzh_MYIkf2Uw6AF9BSxItlrUe3CvrOb9f_DZfrebb18UQwHC7Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b76fef7349f6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=opposing%20pistons&__cf_chl_rt_tk=FMtwuHR.pADsvkQza3LufTjCXIsSKWDF2esJ5H.p9.g-1739784184-1.0.1.1-_aOblpy7CuNq9BseIJuVuMe.6dlKqAKBcM0lgvEwQxI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>