Accessibility policies

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://about.jstor.org/accessibility/","20200925103024","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1601029824"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-58DMWCL');</script>  <meta charset="UTF-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"6406409950",applicationID:"62396429"};window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(e,n,t){function r(t){if(!n[t]){var i=n[t]={exports:{}};e[t][0].call(i.exports,function(n){var i=e[t][1][n];return r(i||n)},i,i.exports)}return n[t].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var i=0;i<t.length;i++)r(t[i]);return r}({1:[function(e,n,t){function r(){}function i(e,n,t){return function(){return o(e,[u.now()].concat(c(arguments)),n?null:this,t),n?void 0:this}}var o=e("handle"),a=e(5),c=e(6),f=e("ee").get("tracer"),u=e("loader"),s=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=s);var d=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],p="api-",l=p+"ixn-";a(d,function(e,n){s[n]=i(p+n,!0,"api")}),s.addPageAction=i(p+"addPageAction",!0),s.setCurrentRouteName=i(p+"routeName",!0),n.exports=newrelic,s.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var m=r.prototype={createTracer:function(e,n){var t={},r=this,i="function"==typeof n;return o(l+"tracer",[u.now(),e,t],r),function(){if(f.emit((i?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[u.now(),r,i],t),i)try{return n.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw f.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,e],t),e}finally{f.emit("fn-end",[u.now()],t)}}}};a("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(e,n){m[n]=i(l+n)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(e,n){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),o("err",[e,u.now(),!1,n])}},{}],2:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n){var t=e.getEntries();t.forEach(function(e){"first-paint"===e.name?d("timing",["fp",Math.floor(e.startTime)]):"first-contentful-paint"===e.name&&d("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(e.startTime)])})}function i(e,n){var t=e.getEntries();t.length>0&&d("lcp",[t[t.length-1]])}function o(e){e.getEntries().forEach(function(e){e.hadRecentInput||d("cls",[e])})}function a(e){if(e instanceof m&&!g){var n=Math.round(e.timeStamp),t={type:e.type};n<=p.now()?t.fid=p.now()-n:n>p.offset&&n<=Date.now()?(n-=p.offset,t.fid=p.now()-n):n=p.now(),g=!0,d("timing",["fi",n,t])}}function c(e){d("pageHide",[p.now(),e])}if(!("init"in NREUM&&"page_view_timing"in NREUM.init&&"enabled"in NREUM.init.page_view_timing&&NREUM.init.page_view_timing.enabled===!1)){var f,u,s,d=e("handle"),p=e("loader"),l=e(4),m=NREUM.o.EV;if("PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){f=new PerformanceObserver(r);try{f.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(v){}u=new PerformanceObserver(i);try{u.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(v){}s=new PerformanceObserver(o);try{s.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(v){}}if("addEventListener"in document){var g=!1,y=["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"];y.forEach(function(e){document.addEventListener(e,a,!1)})}l(c)}},{}],3:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n){if(!i)return!1;if(e!==i)return!1;if(!n)return!0;if(!o)return!1;for(var t=o.split("."),r=n.split("."),a=0;a<r.length;a++)if(r[a]!==t[a])return!1;return!0}var i=null,o=null,a=/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/;if(navigator.userAgent){var c=navigator.userAgent,f=c.match(a);f&&c.indexOf("Chrome")===-1&&c.indexOf("Chromium")===-1&&(i="Safari",o=f[1])}n.exports={agent:i,version:o,match:r}},{}],4:[function(e,n,t){function r(e){function n(){e(a&&document[a]?document[a]:document[i]?"hidden":"visible")}"addEventListener"in document&&o&&document.addEventListener(o,n,!1)}n.exports=r;var i,o,a;"undefined"!=typeof document.hidden?(i="hidden",o="visibilitychange",a="visibilityState"):"undefined"!=typeof document.msHidden?(i="msHidden",o="msvisibilitychange"):"undefined"!=typeof document.webkitHidden&&(i="webkitHidden",o="webkitvisibilitychange",a="webkitVisibilityState")},{}],5:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n){var t=[],r="",o=0;for(r in e)i.call(e,r)&&(t[o]=n(r,e[r]),o+=1);return t}var i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],6:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t){n||(n=0),"undefined"==typeof t&&(t=e?e.length:0);for(var r=-1,i=t-n||0,o=Array(i<0?0:i);++r<i;)o[r]=e[n+r];return o}n.exports=r},{}],7:[function(e,n,t){n.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],ee:[function(e,n,t){function r(){}function i(e){function n(e){return e&&e instanceof r?e:e?f(e,c,o):o()}function t(t,r,i,o){if(!p.aborted||o){e&&e(t,r,i);for(var a=n(i),c=v(t),f=c.length,u=0;u<f;u++)c[u].apply(a,r);var d=s[w[t]];return d&&d.push([b,t,r,a]),a}}function l(e,n){h[e]=v(e).concat(n)}function m(e,n){var t=h[e];if(t)for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++)t[r]===n&&t.splice(r,1)}function v(e){return h[e]||[]}function g(e){return d[e]=d[e]||i(t)}function y(e,n){u(e,function(e,t){n=n||"feature",w[t]=n,n in s||(s[n]=[])})}var h={},w={},b={on:l,addEventListener:l,removeEventListener:m,emit:t,get:g,listeners:v,context:n,buffer:y,abort:a,aborted:!1};return b}function o(){return new r}function a(){(s.api||s.feature)&&(p.aborted=!0,s=p.backlog={})}var c="nr@context",f=e("gos"),u=e(5),s={},d={},p=n.exports=i();p.backlog=s},{}],gos:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t){if(i.call(e,n))return e[n];var r=t();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(o){}return e[n]=r,r}var i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t,r){i.buffer([e],r),i.emit(e,n,t)}var i=e("ee").get("handle");n.exports=r,r.ee=i},{}],id:[function(e,n,t){function r(e){var n=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==n&&"function"!==n?-1:e===window?0:a(e,o,function(){return i++})}var i=1,o="nr@id",a=e("gos");n.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(e,n,t){function r(){if(!x++){var e=E.info=NREUM.info,n=l.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(s.abort,3e4),!(e&&e.licenseKey&&e.applicationID&&n))return s.abort();u(w,function(n,t){e[n]||(e[n]=t)});var t=a();f("mark",["onload",t+E.offset],null,"api"),f("timing",["load",t]);var r=l.createElement("script");r.src="https://"+e.agent,n.parentNode.insertBefore(r,n)}}function i(){"complete"===l.readyState&&o()}function o(){f("mark",["domContent",a()+E.offset],null,"api")}function a(){return O.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(c=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),c))-E.offset}var c=(new Date).getTime(),f=e("handle"),u=e(5),s=e("ee"),d=e(3),p=window,l=p.document,m="addEventListener",v="attachEvent",g=p.XMLHttpRequest,y=g&&g.prototype;NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:p.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:g,REQ:p.Request,EV:p.Event,PR:p.Promise,MO:p.MutationObserver};var h=""+location,w={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-1177.min.js"},b=g&&y&&y[m]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),E=n.exports={offset:c,now:a,origin:h,features:{},xhrWrappable:b,userAgent:d};e(1),e(2),l[m]?(l[m]("DOMContentLoaded",o,!1),p[m]("load",r,!1)):(l[v]("onreadystatechange",i),p[v]("onload",r)),f("mark",["firstbyte",c],null,"api");var x=0,O=e(7)},{}],"wrap-function":[function(e,n,t){function r(e){return!(e&&e instanceof Function&&e.apply&&!e[a])}var i=e("ee"),o=e(6),a="nr@original",c=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,f=!1;n.exports=function(e,n){function t(e,n,t,i){function nrWrapper(){var r,a,c,f;try{a=this,r=o(arguments),c="function"==typeof t?t(r,a):t||{}}catch(u){p([u,"",[r,a,i],c])}s(n+"start",[r,a,i],c);try{return f=e.apply(a,r)}catch(d){throw s(n+"err",[r,a,d],c),d}finally{s(n+"end",[r,a,f],c)}}return r(e)?e:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[a]=e,d(e,nrWrapper),nrWrapper)}function u(e,n,i,o){i||(i="");var a,c,f,u="-"===i.charAt(0);for(f=0;f<n.length;f++)c=n[f],a=e[c],r(a)||(e[c]=t(a,u?c+i:i,o,c))}function s(t,r,i){if(!f||n){var o=f;f=!0;try{e.emit(t,r,i,n)}catch(a){p([a,t,r,i])}f=o}}function d(e,n){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var t=Object.keys(e);return t.forEach(function(t){Object.defineProperty(n,t,{get:function(){return e[t]},set:function(n){return e[t]=n,n}})}),n}catch(r){p([r])}for(var i in e)c.call(e,i)&&(n[i]=e[i]);return n}function p(n){try{e.emit("internal-error",n)}catch(t){}}return e||(e=i),t.inPlace=u,t.flag=a,t}},{}]},{},["loader"]);</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"/>  <title>Accessibility policies | About JSTOR</title> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/> <meta name="googlebot" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/> <meta name="bingbot" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/accessibility/"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Accessibility policies | About JSTOR"/> <meta property="og:description" content="JSTOR is committed to ensuring digital accessibility for persons with disabilities. We apply WCAG and Section 508 standards to improve the user experience for everyone. The latest JSTOR Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT) (PDF) demonstrates compliance with both Section 508 and WCAG standards and guidelines. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) define requirements for designers […]"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/accessibility/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="About JSTOR"/> <meta property="article:publisher" content="http://www.facebook.com/JSTOR.org"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2020-07-01T17:10:24+00:00"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024im_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/j_logo_widescreen_480.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="480"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="251"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1740547476235368"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@JSTOR"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@JSTOR"/> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/#website","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/","name":"About JSTOR","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/accessibility/#webpage","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/accessibility/","name":"Accessibility policies | About JSTOR","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/#website"},"datePublished":"2017-02-20T02:04:29+00:00","dateModified":"2020-07-01T17:10:24+00:00","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/accessibility/"]}]}]}</script>  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://s.w.org/"/> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200925103024\/https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200925103024\/https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200925103024\/https:\/\/about.jstor.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.5.1"}}; !function(e,a,t){var r,n,o,i,p=a.createElement("canvas"),s=p.getContext&&p.getContext("2d");function c(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;s.clearRect(0,0,p.width,p.height),s.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);var r=p.toDataURL();return s.clearRect(0,0,p.width,p.height),s.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),r===p.toDataURL()}function l(e){if(!s||!s.fillText)return!1;switch(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return!c([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])&&(!c([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!c([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]));case"emoji":return!c([55357,56424,8205,55356,57212],[55357,56424,8203,55356,57212])}return!1}function d(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(i=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},o=0;o<i.length;o++)t.supports[i[o]]=l(i[o]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[i[o]],"flag"!==i[o]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[i[o]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(r=t.source||{}).concatemoji?d(r.concatemoji):r.wpemoji&&r.twemoji&&(d(r.twemoji),d(r.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 .07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024cs_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.5.1" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="contact-form-7-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024cs_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.1.9" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="fetch-tweets-53bfd2bf771bbdfa1de47f8e8d5b1ee8-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024cs_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/plugins/fetch-tweets/template/plain/style.css?ver=5.5.1" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="fetch-tweets-5204a781aa969d7f1a987d3a7df4b678-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024cs_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/plugins/fetch-tweets/template/single/style.css?ver=5.5.1" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="fetch-tweets-40c7e82e05210e6e8a3d7e23fdba3cd9-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024cs_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/plugins/fetch-tweets/template/sidebar/style.css?ver=5.5.1" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="fetch-tweets-ab07c02a9f55e41fb9fe6179b19efafb-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024cs_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/plugins/fetch-tweets/template/twitter/style.css?ver=5.5.1" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="jm_fts_css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024cs_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/themes/aboutjstor2017/static/lloyd.css?ver=1.1.2" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="foundation_icons_css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024cs_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/themes/aboutjstor2017/static/foundation-icons/foundation-icons.css?ver=1.1.2" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="jm_custom_css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024cs_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/themes/aboutjstor2017/static/style.css?ver=1.1.2" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="jm_offcanvas_css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024cs_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/themes/aboutjstor2017/static/offcanvas.css?ver=1.1.2" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="jquery_ui_css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024cs_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.css?ver=1.12.1" type="text/css" media="all"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024js_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.12.4-wp" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://about.jstor.org/wp-json/"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/72"/><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://about.jstor.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd"/> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://about.jstor.org/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml"/> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 5.5.1"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/?p=72"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.jstor.org%2Faccessibility%2F"/> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.jstor.org%2Faccessibility%2F&format=xml"/>  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024im_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/JSTOR.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024im_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/JSTOR_Final_512px.png"/>  <link rel="icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024im_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/j_favicon_512x512-180x180.png" sizes="32x32"/> <link rel="icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024im_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/j_favicon_512x512.png" sizes="192x192"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024im_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/j_favicon_512x512-180x180.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/j_favicon_512x512.png"/> <script> // remove no-js and add 'js' to the HTML var doc = document; doc.documentElement.className = doc.documentElement.className.replace("no-js",""); doc.documentElement.className += " js "; </script> </head> <body class="page-template page-template-page-policy page-template-page-policy-php page page-id-72" data-template="base.twig">  <noscript><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024if_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-58DMWCL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="skipNav"><a class="show-on-focus" href="#tocontent">Skip to Main Content</a></div> <div class="off-canvas position-right show-for-small-only" id="offCanvasRight" data-off-canvas>  <button class="close-button" aria-label="Close menu" type="button" data-close> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> <div class="primary-menu"> <ul class="menu vertical" data-close-on-click-inside="false"> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-50 menu-item-has-children"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/">About JSTOR</a> <ul class="menu vertical" data-close-on-click-inside="false"> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/mission-history/">Mission and history</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-466"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/platform-features/">Platform features</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-385"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/library-advisory-group/">Library Advisory Group</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-51 menu-item-has-children"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/">What's in JSTOR</a> <ul class="menu vertical" data-close-on-click-inside="false"> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-467"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/">Overview</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-52"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/journals/">Journals</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/books/">Books</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/primary-sources/">Primary Sources</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3833"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/thematic-collections/">Thematic Collections</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7033"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/open-community-collections/">Open Community Collections</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7164"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/oa-and-free/">Open and free content</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-386"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/text-mining-support/">Text Mining Support</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-55"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/get-jstor/">Get JSTOR</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-56"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/news/">News</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-421"> <a href="/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/webinars/">Webinars</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="utility-menu"> <ul class="menu vertical" data-close-on-click-inside="false"> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-727"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/">About</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-735"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.jstor.org/librarians">For Librarians</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9272"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://support.publishers.jstor.org/">For Publishers</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-59"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://support.jstor.org/">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="off-canvas-content" data-off-canvas-content> <header aria-label="header"> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="primary" class="nav row"> <div class="logo" role="banner"> <a class="logo-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.jstor.org/" rel="JSTOR"><div class="logo_img"></div></a> <span class="show-for-sr">JSTOR.org</span> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="show-for-small-only"> <button type="button" class="button hollow primary float-right off-canvas-menu-button" data-toggle="offCanvasRight">Menu</button> <div class="home-link-mobile-wrapper"><a href="/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/" class="home-link-mobile">About JSTOR</a></div> </div> <div class="nav-secondary show-for-medium"> <ul class="list-horizontal no-bullet m0" data-close-on-click-inside="false"> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-727"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/">About</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-735"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.jstor.org/librarians">For Librarians</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9272"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://support.publishers.jstor.org/">For Publishers</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-59"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://support.jstor.org/">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav-primary show-for-medium"> <ul class="nav-primary--menu dropdown menu" data-dropdown-menu data-close-on-click-inside="false"> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-50 menu-item-has-children"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/">About JSTOR</a> <ul class="nav-primary--menu dropdown menu" data-dropdown-menu data-close-on-click-inside="false"> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/mission-history/">Mission and history</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-466"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/platform-features/">Platform features</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-385"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/library-advisory-group/">Library Advisory Group</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-51 menu-item-has-children"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/">What's in JSTOR</a> <ul class="nav-primary--menu dropdown menu" data-dropdown-menu data-close-on-click-inside="false"> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-467"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/">Overview</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-52"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/journals/">Journals</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/books/">Books</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/primary-sources/">Primary Sources</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3833"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/thematic-collections/">Thematic Collections</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7033"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/open-community-collections/">Open Community Collections</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7164"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/oa-and-free/">Open and free content</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-386"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/text-mining-support/">Text Mining Support</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-55"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/get-jstor/">Get JSTOR</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-56"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/news/">News</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-421"> <a href="/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/webinars/">Webinars</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <main> <div class="content-row row layout-right-sidebar"> <div class="small-12 columns" data-sc="content:header"> <div class="article-header"> <h1 class="article-h1 header">Accessibility policies</h1> </div> </div> <div id="tocontent" class="content medium-8 small-12 columns"> <div class="content-wrapper" data-sc="content:page"> <article class="post-type-page" id="post-72"> <section class="article-content"> <div class="article-body"> <p>JSTOR is committed to ensuring digital accessibility for persons with disabilities. We apply WCAG and Section 508 standards to improve the user experience for everyone.</p> <p>The latest <a href="/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/JSTOR-VPAT-with-WCAG-2.1.pdf">JSTOR Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT) (PDF)</a> demonstrates compliance with both Section 508 and WCAG standards and guidelines. The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)</a> define requirements for designers and developers to improve accessibility for persons with disabilities at three levels of conformance: Level A, Level AA, and Level AAA. The target for JSTOR is WCAG 2.1 Level AA.</p> <h2>Measures to support accessibility</h2> <p>The website is accessible to users with disabilities, including persons using a keyboard and those with visual and cognitive impairments.</p> <p>Measures have been taken to ensure that users are able to:</p> <ul> <li>Zoom in at least 200%. Text will adjust so it can be presented without loss of information or functionality.</li> <li>Resize text, adjust text spacing, and color contrast</li> <li>Navigate the website using just a keyboard</li> <li>Listen and use the website using a screen reader (ex. NVDA, VoiceOver, JAWS). Headings, labels to interactive elements, and proper reading order make information available to assistive technology.</li> <li>Skip directly to main content and skip long lists of links</li> <li>Access publisher-supplied alt text and image descriptions of content</li> </ul> <p>We regularly use automated checks and manual audits to evaluate and measure the accessibility of the site.</p> <h2>Content formats</h2> <p>Content is available as scanned page images and as PDFs. A subset of the content is available in HTML format. Details on rights, use, copying, and printing is available on the JSTOR <a href="/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/terms/">terms and conditions of use</a> page. To open PDF files, you will need a PDF viewer such as <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2_allversions.html">Adobe Acrobat Reader DC</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://www.adobe.com/accessibility/compliance/acrobat-pro-dc-2020-01-05-acr.html">see Adobe’s Accessibility Conformance Report</a>).</p> <h3>PDF accessibility</h3> <p>We have made every effort to ensure that our image-based PDF files are accessible and can be read with screen readers such as JAWS, NVDA, and VoiceOver. These files are tagged at a high level using an automated process. While this method is not exact, it significantly increases the accessibility of files as compared to an untagged version.</p> <p>In the event that the PDF tagging described is not sufficient for your use, we can perform manual tagging for you. We are also happy to reformat PDFs that are unreadable via screen reader. Please contact us if you require PDF tagging, need content in an alternative format, find an accessibility issue with the website, or need general assistance. You can do this via phone, chat, or email (listed below). Please include citations for any requested articles. Turnaround time for requests will vary but we generally respond in 3 days or less.</p> <ul> <li>Limit of 3 articles per request</li> <li>Turnaround time is 3 days per request</li> </ul> <h2>Contact us</h2> <p>If there are PDFs that don’t work with your screen reader or you have further questions about accessibility, please contact us.</p> <p><b>Phone:</b> (888) 388-3574<br/> <b>Email:</b> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/mailto:support@jstor.org">support@jstor.org</a><br/> <b>Twitter:</b> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://twitter.com/JSTORSupport">@JSTORSupport</a><br/> <b>Hours:</b> Monday-Friday, 8:30 AM-5:00 P.M. EDT</p> <p><em>Last updated July 1, 2020</em></p> </div> </section> </article> </div> </div> <aside class="sidebar-right medium-4 small-12 columns">   </aside> </div> </main> <footer class="footer" aria-label="footer"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="h2 heading mb1">Explore JSTOR</div> </div> </div> <div class="row bottom-section"> <div class="medium-12 large-9 columns"> <div class="row"> <div class="medium-12 large-9 columns"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 medium-6 columns"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-6 columns"> <ul class="no-bullet bottom-margin-s"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.jstor.org/subjects">By Subject</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.jstor.org/action/showJournals?browseType=title">By Title</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.jstor.org/publishers">By Publisher</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.jstor.org/action/showAdvancedSearch">Advanced Search</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.jstor.org/dfr/">Data for Research</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="small-6 columns"> <ul class="no-bullet bottom-margin-s"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://support.jstor.org/hc/en-us/articles/360000313328">Get Access</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://support.jstor.org/">Support</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://guides.jstor.org/">LibGuides</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://guides.jstor.org/researchbasics">Research Basics</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="small-12 medium-6 columns"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-6 columns column-divider"> <ul class="no-bullet bottom-margin-s"> <li> <a href="/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/">About JSTOR</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/mission-history/">Mission and History</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/whats-in-jstor/">What's in JSTOR</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/get-jstor/">Get JSTOR</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/news/">News</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/events/">Events</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="small-6 columns"> <ul class="no-bullet bottom-margin-s"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://labs.jstor.org/" target="_blank" title="This link opens in a new window">JSTOR Labs</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://daily.jstor.org/" target="_blank" title="This link opens in a new window">JSTOR Daily</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://www.ithaka.org/careers/" target="_blank" title="This link opens in a new window">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.jstor.org/contact-us/" target="_blank" title="This link opens in a new window">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="medium-12 large-3 end columns"> <ul class="no-bullet bottom-margin-s"> <li> <a class="button secondary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.jstor.org/librarians">For Librarians</a> </li> <li> <a class="button secondary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://support.publishers.jstor.org/">For Publishers</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="medium-12 large-3 end columns"> <ul class="no-bullet list-horizontal social-icons compact-bottom"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://twitter.com/JSTOR" class="icon-link"> <span class="show-for-sr">Twitter</span> <i class="fi-social-twitter"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.facebook.com/JSTOR.org" class="icon-link"> <span class="show-for-sr">Facebook</span> <i class="fi-social-facebook"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p> <small> JSTOR is part of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://www.ithaka.org/">ITHAKA</a>, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. </small> </p> <p class="compact-bottom"> <small> ©2000-2020 ITHAKA. All Rights Reserved. JSTOR®, the JSTOR logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™, and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. </small> </p> </div> </div> <div class="expanded row"> <div class="row"> <div class="medium-12 large-9 columns"> <ul class="list-horizontal no-bullet" data-close-on-click-inside="false"> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-887"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/http://www.jstor.org/">JSTOR.org</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-74"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/terms/">Terms and Conditions of Use</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4070"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://www.ithaka.org/privacypolicy">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4059"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://www.ithaka.org/cookies">Cookie Policy</a> </li> <li class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-72 current_page_item menu-item-77"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024/https://about.jstor.org/accessibility/">Accessibility</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="medium-12 large-3 columns"> <div id="google_translate_element"></div><script type="text/javascript"> function googleTranslateElementInit() { new google.translate.TranslateElement({pageLanguage: 'en', layout: google.translate.TranslateElement.InlineLayout.SIMPLE, autoDisplay: false}, 'google_translate_element'); } </script><script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200925103024js_/https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit"></script> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script> // Used by Gallery Custom Links to handle tenacious Lightboxes jQuery(document).ready(function () { function mgclInit() { if (jQuery.fn.off) { jQuery('.no-lightbox, .no-lightbox img').off('click'); // jQuery 1.7+ } else { jQuery('.no-lightbox, .no-lightbox img').unbind('click'); // < jQuery 1.7 } jQuery('a.no-lightbox').click(mgclOnClick); if (jQuery.fn.off) { jQuery('a.set-target').off('click'); // jQuery 1.7+ } else { jQuery('a.set-target').unbind('click'); // < jQuery 1.7 } jQuery('a.set-target').click(mgclOnClick); } function mgclOnClick() { if (!this.target || this.target == '' || this.target == '_self') window.location = this.href; else window.open(this.href,this.target); return false; } // From WP Gallery Custom Links // Reduce the number of conflicting lightboxes function mgclAddLoadEvent(func) { var oldOnload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function() { oldOnload(); func(); } } } mgclAddLoadEvent(mgclInit); mgclInit(); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"apiSettings":{"root":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200925103024\/https:\/\/about.jstor.org\/wp-json\/contact-form-7\/v1","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024js_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/scripts.js?ver=5.1.9" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024js_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js?ver=3.1.1" id="jquery_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024js_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/foundation/6.3.0/js/foundation.min.js?ver=6.3.0" id="foundation_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024js_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.8.3/modernizr.min.js?ver=2.8.3" id="modernizr_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024js_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js?ver=1.12.1" id="jquery_ui_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024js_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-content/themes/aboutjstor2017/static/site.js?ver=1.1.2" id="jm_custom_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024js_/https://about.jstor.org/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=5.5.1" id="wp-embed-js"></script> </div> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103024js_/https://static.ithaka.org/gdpr-banner/js/banner.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"6406409950","applicationID":"62396429","transactionName":"NFEBYBNZVksEUhJZDA0bIlcVUVdWSkEHVwZORAxYCFtB","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":173,"atts":"GBYCFltDRUU=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Accessibility policies | About JSTOR