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src="/web/20100124090010im_/http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/images/details/status_ex_off.gif"/> </div> <div id="detailsPage"> <div id="topnav_factsheet"> <ul id="tabs"> <li class="active"> <a class="current" href="#" onclick="new Ajax.Request('/apps/redlist/details/136584/0/summary', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true, method:'get', onLoading:function(request){spinnerShow('detailsTabSpinner')}}); return false;">Summary</a></li> <li> <a href="#" onclick="new Ajax.Request('/apps/redlist/details/136584/0/classify', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true, method:'get', onLoading:function(request){spinnerShow('detailsTabSpinner')}}); return false;">Classification Schemes</a></li> <li> <a href="#" onclick="new Ajax.Request('/apps/redlist/details/136584/0/links', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true, method:'get', onLoading:function(request){spinnerShow('detailsTabSpinner')}}); return false;">Images & External Links</a></li> <li> <a href="#" onclick="new Ajax.Request('/apps/redlist/details/136584/0/biblio', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true, method:'get', onLoading:function(request){spinnerShow('detailsTabSpinner')}}); return false;">Bibliography</a></li> <li> <a href="#" onclick="new Ajax.Request('/apps/redlist/details/136584/0/full', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true, method:'get', onLoading:function(request){spinnerShow('detailsTabSpinner')}}); return false;">Full Account</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div id="rightnav_factsheet"> <div> <a href="#sectionTaxonomy" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('sectionTaxonomy'); return false;" class="dynamic">Taxonomy</a> </div> <div> <a href="#sectionAssessment" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('sectionAssessment'); return false;" class="dynamic">Assessment Information</a> </div> <div> <a href="#sectionRange" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('sectionRange'); return false;" class="dynamic">Geographic Range</a> </div> <div> <a href="#sectionPopulation" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('sectionPopulation'); return false;" class="dynamic">Population</a> </div> <div> <a href="#sectionHabitat" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('sectionHabitat'); return false;" class="dynamic">Habitat and Ecology</a> </div> <div> <a href="#sectionThreats" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('sectionThreats'); return false;" class="dynamic">Threats</a> </div> <div> <a href="#sectionMeasures" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('sectionMeasures'); return false;" class="dynamic">Conservation Actions</a> </div> <p> <img src="/web/20100124090010im_/http://www.iucnredlist.org/images/printer.png"/> <a href="/web/20100124090010/http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/136584/0/print">View Printer Friendly</a> </p></div>  <div id="data_factsheet"> <div id="detailsTabSpinner"> </div> <h2 id="sectionTaxonomy" class="first"> Taxonomy <a class="up dynamic" href="#top" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('top'); return false;">[top]</a> </h2> <table class="tab_data" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <th>Kingdom</th> <th>Phylum</th> <th>Class</th> <th>Order</th> <th>Family</th> </tr> <tr> <td>ANIMALIA</td> <td>CHORDATA</td> <td>MAMMALIA</td> <td>PRIMATES</td> <td>HOMINIDAE</td> </tr> </table> <br/> <table class="tab_data" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Scientific Name:</strong></td> <td class="sciName"><span class="sciname">Homo sapiens</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Species Authority:</strong></td> <td>Linnaeus, 1758</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <strong>Common Name/s:</strong> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="padding-left: 15px"> <tr> <td>English</td> <td>–</td> <td>Human</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <h2 id="sectionAssessment"> Assessment Information <a class="up dynamic" href="#top" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('top'); return false;">[top]</a> </h2> <table class="tab_data" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Red List Category & Criteria:</strong></td> <td> Least Concern     <a href="/web/20100124090010/http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/static/categories_criteria_3_1">ver 3.1</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Year Assessed:</strong></td> <td>2008</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Assessor/s</strong></td> <td>Global Mammal Assessment Team</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Evaluator/s:</strong></td> <td>Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority); & Hoffmann, M. (Global Mammal Assessment Team)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <strong>Justification:</strong><br/> Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline. </td> </tr> </table> <h2 id="sectionRange"> Geographic Range <a class="up dynamic" href="#top" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('top'); return false;">[top]</a> </h2> <table class="tab_data" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Range Description:</strong></td> <td> Humans have the widest distribution of any terrestrial mammal species, inhabiting every continent on earth (although there are no permanent settlements on Antarctica). A small group of humans has been introduced to space, where they inhabit the International Space Station. </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Countries:</strong></td> <td class="rangeList"> <div class="group"> <div class="title">Native:</div> <div>Afghanistan; 脜land Islands; Albania; Algeria; American Samoa; Andorra; Angola; Anguilla; Antarctica; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Armenia; Aruba; Australia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahamas; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Barbados; Belarus; Belgium; Belize; Benin; Bermuda; Bhutan; Bolivia; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Botswana; Bouvet Island; Brazil; British Indian Ocean Territory; Brunei Darussalam; Bulgaria; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Cameroon; Canada; Cape Verde; Cayman Islands; Central African Republic; Chad; Chile; China; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Colombia; Comoros; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Cook Islands; Costa Rica; C么te d'Ivoire; Croatia; Cuba; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Disputed Territory; Djibouti; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Estonia; Ethiopia; Falkland Islands (Malvinas); Faroe Islands; Fiji; Finland; France; French Guiana; French Polynesia; French Southern Territories (the); Gabon; Gambia; Georgia; Germany; Ghana; Gibraltar; Greece; Greenland; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guam; Guatemala; Guernsey; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; Holy See (Vatican City State); Honduras; Hong Kong; Hungary; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Ireland; Isle of Man; Israel; Italy; Jamaica; Japan; Jersey; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kiribati; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Latvia; Lebanon; Lesotho; Liberia; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macao; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Madagascar; Malawi; Malaysia; Maldives; Mali; Malta; Marshall Islands; Martinique; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mayotte; Mexico; Micronesia, Federated States of; Moldova; Monaco; Mongolia; Montenegro; Montserrat; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Nauru; Nepal; Netherlands; Netherlands Antilles; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Niger; Nigeria; Niue; Norfolk Island; Northern Mariana Islands; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palau; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Panama; Papua New Guinea; Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Pitcairn; Poland; Portugal; Puerto Rico; Qatar; R茅union; Romania; Russian Federation; Rwanda; Saint Helena; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Samoa; San Marino; Sao Tom茅 and Principe; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Serbia; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Slovakia; Slovenia; Solomon Islands; Somalia; South Africa; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Suriname; Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Swaziland; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan, Province of China; Tajikistan; Tanzania, United Republic of; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Togo; Tokelau; Tonga; Trinidad and Tobago; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Turks and Caicos Islands; Tuvalu; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United States; United States Minor Outlying Islands; Uruguay; Uzbekistan; Vanuatu; Venezuela; Viet Nam; Virgin Islands, British; Virgin Islands, U.S.; Wallis and Futuna; Western Sahara; Yemen; Zambia; Zimbabwe</div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <h2 id="sectionPopulation"> Population <a class="up dynamic" href="#top" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('top'); return false;">[top]</a> </h2> <table class="tab_data" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Population:</strong></td> <td> In mid-2007, the total population of human beings was estimated at 6.6 billion, an increase from 6.1 billion in 2001. Two countries, China and India, hold approximately one-third of the entire human population alone, with 1,318 million and 1,312 million people, respectively. The United States of America is third with 302 million. The annual rate of increase is about 1.2%; the total population is expected to reach 7,965 million by mid-2025, and 9,294 by mid-2050 (Population Reference Bureau 2007). </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Population Trend:</strong></td> <td id="popTrend"> <img alt="" src="/web/20100124090010im_/http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/images/trends/up.png"/> <span> Increasing </span> </td> </tr> </table> <h2 id="sectionHabitat"> Habitat and Ecology <a class="up dynamic" href="#top" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('top'); return false;">[top]</a> </h2> <table class="tab_data" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Habitat and Ecology:</strong></td> <td> Humans are found in a wide variety of habitats, largely thanks to their ability to use technology to adapt to and modify their habitats. Major concentrations are found in urban centers: over the past 30 years, the urban population has increased so that more than half of the world population will be living in cities by 2008 (Population Reference Bureau 2007). </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Systems:</strong></td> <td>Terrestrial</td> </tr> </table> <h2 id="sectionThreats"> Threats <a class="up dynamic" href="#top" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('top'); return false;">[top]</a> </h2> <table class="tab_data" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Major Threat(s):</strong></td> <td> There are currently no major threats to humans, although some subpopulations may be experiencing localized declines as a result of disease, drought, war, natural disasters, and other factors. </td> </tr> </table> <h2 id="sectionMeasures"> Conservation Actions <a class="up dynamic" href="#top" onclick="new Effect.ScrollTo('top'); return false;">[top]</a> </h2> <table class="tab_data" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="label"><strong>Conservation Actions:</strong></td> <td> Listed in CITES Appendix II (under Primates spp.). At present, no conservation measures are required. Humans are present in numerous protected areas throughout their range. </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <table id="detailsFooter"> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Citation:</strong></td> <td>Global Mammal Assessment Team 2008. <i>Homo sapiens</i>. In: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100124090010/http://www.iucnredlist.org/">www.iucnredlist.org</a>>. Downloaded on <b>24 January 2010</b>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Disclaimer:</strong></td> <td>To make use of this information, please check the <<a href="/web/20100124090010/http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a>>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Feedback:</strong></td> <td>If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please fill in the feedback form so that we can correct or extend the information provided</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"></script> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div>  <div id="ieBugTest"></div> <div id="mask"></div> <div id="searchContainer"> </div>   <div class="headfoot" id="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="links"> <a href="/web/20100124090010/http://www.iucnredlist.org/">Home</a> | <a href="/web/20100124090010/http://www.iucnredlist.org/about/contact">Contact</a> | <a href="/web/20100124090010/http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/faq">FAQ</a> | <a href="/web/20100124090010/http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/feedback">Feedback</a> | <a href="/web/20100124090010/http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/site-map">Site Map</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100124090010/http://cms.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/red_list/donate/index.cfm">Donate Now</a> <br/> <a href="/web/20100124090010/http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/privacy-policy">Privacy & Security</a> | <a href="/web/20100124090010/http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a> <br/> © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. </div> <div class="right"> <img src="/web/20100124090010im_/http://www.iucnredlist.org/images/common/iucn_logo.gif" alt="IUCN"/><img src="/web/20100124090010im_/http://www.iucnredlist.org/images/common/ssc_logo.gif" alt="Species Survival Commission"/> </div> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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