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(1996). ''The Illustrated History of Magic''. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 174</ref><ref>Melechi, Antonio. (2008). ''Servants of the Supernatural: The Night Side of the Victorian Mind''. Random House. p. 229. {{ISBN|978-0099478867}}</ref> ==Biography== Monck was born in [[Portsmouth|Portsmouth, Hampshire]]. He claimed to have [[psychic]] experiences as a child. He was a clergyman who began his career as a minister of the Baptist Chapel in [[Earls Barton]], he was interested in spiritualism and became a medium.<ref>[[Raymond Buckland|Buckland, Raymond]]. (2005). ''The Spirit Book: The Encyclopedia of Clairvoyance, Channeling, and Spirit Communication''. Visible Ink Press. p. 264. {{ISBN|978-1578591725}}</ref> On 3 November 1876 in [[Huddersfield]] a sitter named H. B. Lodge stopped the [[séance]] and demanded that Monck be searched. Monck ran from the room, locked himself in another room and escaped out of a window. A pair of stuffed gloves was found in his room, as well as [[cheesecloth]], reaching rods and other fraudulent devices in his luggage.<ref name="Spence 1991">[[Lewis Spence|Spence, Lewis]]. (1991). ''Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology''. Gale Research Company. p. 1106</ref> After a trial Monck was convicted for his fraudulent mediumship and was sentenced to three months in prison.<ref>Ballou, Adin. (2001). ''The Rise of Victorian Spiritualism''. Routledge. p. 16</ref> The physicist [[William F. Barrett]] also caught Monck{{when|reason=Date needed to fit in with his time in the USA|date=February 2020}} in fraud with "a piece of white muslin on a wire frame with a black thread attached, being used by the medium to simulate a partially materialised spirit."<ref name="Spence 1991"/><ref name="Slotten"/> In his séances Monck placed a musical clock on a table, covered it with a cigar- box, and claimed spirits caused it to play. It was exposed as a trick as Monck had hidden a small [[music box]] that he would play in his trousers.<ref>Mann, Walter. (1919). ''The Follies and Frauds of Spiritualism''. London: Watts & Co. pp. 40-41</ref> Monck left for [[Brooklyn]] in the United States to ply his trade, where he was well known up until at least 1883.<ref>http://ehbritten.blogspot.com/2014/01/some-notes-on-life-of-francis-ward.html| See newspaper clippings on this site</ref> ==Colley wager== [[File:Thomas Colley.png|thumb|right|200x200px|Thomas Colley]] The psychical researcher Thomas Colley defended Monck. In 1906, Colley offered £1000 to anyone who could reproduce Colley's [[Materialization (paranormal)|materialization]] by fraudulent methods.<ref name="Oppenheim">[[Janet Oppenheim|Oppenheim, Janet]]. (1985). ''The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850-1914''. Cambridge University Press. p. 70. {{ISBN|0-521-26505-3}}</ref> The magician [[John Nevil Maskelyne]] offered to replicate the materialization. He had managed to successfully imitate the materialization but Colley denied that it was an exact replication. Maskelyne also accused Colley of falsely pretending to be an [[archdeacon]], whilst not receiving an official degree. These accusations were denied by Colley.<ref name= "Slotten">Slotten, Ross A. (2004). ''The Heretic in Darwin's Court: The Life of Alfred Russel Wallace''. Columbia University Press. pp. 471-474. {{ISBN|978-0-231-13010-3}}</ref> The case went to court in 1907 and [[Alfred Russel Wallace]] testified on behalf of Colley and Monck. The trial lasted less than a week. Maskelyne did not get to collect the money. He also had to pay a £75 fine for libel.<ref name="Slotten"/><ref name="Oppenheim"/> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading== *[[Hereward Carrington]]. (1907). [https://archive.org/stream/physicalphenomen00carr#page/246/mode/2up ''The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism'']. Herbert B. Turner & Co. pp.&nbsp;246–247 reveals the materialized "spirit hand" trick that Monck used in his séances. *Ronald C. Finucane. (1996). ''Ghosts: Appearances of the Dead & Cultural Transformation''. Prometheus Books. ==External links== * {{Commons category-inline|Francis Ward Monck}} *[http://www.victorianlondon.org/religion/spiritualism.htm The Dictionary of Victorian London] *[http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article/straitstimes18761223-1.2.9.aspx The Spiritualists The Straits Times, 23 December 1876] {{Spiritism and Spiritualism}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Monck, Francis Ward}} [[Category:1842 births]] [[Category:Year of death missing]] [[Category:19th-century British Baptist ministers]] [[Category:English fraudsters]] [[Category:English spiritual mediums]] [[Category:Clergy from Portsmouth]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control" title="Template:Authority 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