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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vehicles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vehicles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vehicles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Newton_Truck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newton_Truck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Newton Truck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newton_Truck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Step-Van" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Step-Van"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Step-Van</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Step-Van-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Edison</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-London_taxi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London_taxi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>London taxi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London_taxi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ampere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ampere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Ampere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ampere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Research and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SmithLink" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SmithLink"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>SmithLink</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SmithLink-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smith_US" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smith_US"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Smith US</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smith_US-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Smith Electric Vehicles</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Smith_Electric_Vehicles_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Smith_Electric_Vehicles_logo.svg/220px-Smith_Electric_Vehicles_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Smith_Electric_Vehicles_logo.svg/330px-Smith_Electric_Vehicles_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Smith_Electric_Vehicles_logo.svg/440px-Smith_Electric_Vehicles_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="132" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kci-smith-electric.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Factory behind a lawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kci-smith-electric.jpg/220px-Kci-smith-electric.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kci-smith-electric.jpg/330px-Kci-smith-electric.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kci-smith-electric.jpg/440px-Kci-smith-electric.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3349" data-file-height="1213" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">US headquarters and factory at the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Overhaul_Base" title="Kansas City Overhaul Base">Kansas City Overhaul Base</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Private_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Private company">Private</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Washington, Tyne and Wear">Washington, Tyne and Wear</a>, United Kingdom.<br />(1920<span class="noprint">; 104 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1920</span>)</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>, USA</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Newton_Truck">The Smith Newton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.smithev.com/">https://www.smithev.com/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Smith Electric Vehicles</b> (also known as <b>Smith's</b>) is a manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Electric_truck" title="Electric truck">electric trucks</a>. The company, founded in 1920 in the <a href="/wiki/North_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="North of England">north of England</a>, moved its headquarters to <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a> in 2011. Smith suspended all operations in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith is a manufacturer of the world's largest range of zero-emission commercial electric vehicles, with <a href="/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_rating" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross vehicle weight rating">gross vehicle weights</a> (GVWs) from 3,500 to 12,000 kilograms (7,700 to 26,500 lb). From 2010 to 2015, the company produced over 800 commercial electric fleet vehicles. Formerly based in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Washington, Tyne and Wear">Washington, Tyne and Wear</a>, it manufactured vehicles for the European, Canadian, Southeast Asian and US markets. </p><p>Smith was formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Tanfield_Group" title="Tanfield Group">Tanfield Group</a>, which trades on the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Alternative_Investment_Market" title="Alternative Investment Market">Alternative Investment Market</a>. Tanfield established a <a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Corporation_Law" title="Delaware General Corporation Law">Delaware corporation</a>, Smith Electric Vehicles US Corp (SEV US Corp), in 2009 to penetrate the North American market.<sup id="cite_ref-file_number_4644879_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-file_number_4644879-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company headquarters is in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>. In March 2010, the US company indicated that it wanted to buy out its UK counterpart.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a poor multi-year trading history,<sup id="cite_ref-Kansas_City_Journal_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kansas_City_Journal-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith's UK branches were shut down. This included Smith Electric Vehicles (Europe),<sup id="cite_ref-Companies_House_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Companies_House-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was put into <a href="/wiki/Administration_(law)" title="Administration (law)">administration</a>, and Smith Technologies<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Technologies_Ltd_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Technologies_Ltd-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which entered <a href="/wiki/Liquidation" title="Liquidation">liquidation</a>). </p><p>In February 2017, the company ceased operation due to lack of funding; however, its board was attempting to obtain financing for a reorganization.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dairy_Crest_milk_float_(modified).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Open white milk wagon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dairy_Crest_milk_float_%28modified%29.jpg/220px-Dairy_Crest_milk_float_%28modified%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dairy_Crest_milk_float_%28modified%29.jpg/330px-Dairy_Crest_milk_float_%28modified%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Dairy_Crest_milk_float_%28modified%29.jpg/440px-Dairy_Crest_milk_float_%28modified%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1686" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>A Smith milk float, the company's most popular type of vehicle from the 1950s to the 1980s</figcaption></figure> <p>The company was founded in 1920 as Northern Coachbuilders (NCB) in <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>. After making a name as a producer of electric trams and <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>, it moved into electric <a href="/wiki/Delivery_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Delivery vehicle">delivery vehicles</a>. The company's electric vehicle and bus production were separated in 1949, with buses continuing to carry the Northern Coachbuilders <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a>. All NCB electric vehicles were manufactured by Smith Electric Vehicles, which was based in <a href="/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead">Gateshead</a>. Overall ownership of the company remained unchanged; the electric-vehicle directors were Douglas Smith Sr., Douglas Smith Jr., and H. W. Heyman.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Smith family founded the business, and ran it until 2004. In <a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East England</a>, the family owns Ringtons Tea.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith Electric Vehicles' business in the 1950s and 60s focused on the <a href="/wiki/Milk_float" title="Milk float">milk float</a>, a vehicle designed for the doorstep delivery of milk and other dairy products. As dairies phased out horse-and-cart delivery, they opted for near-silent electric vehicles for early-morning deliveries instead of noisier <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal-combustion</a> vans and trucks. </p><p>Smith launched the Smith Cabac, the first delivery float with a rear-entry cab (so the milkman could exit the vehicle on either side), during the mid-1960s. The company produced four Cabac series: the 65, 75, Jubilee 77 and 85.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith acquired competitor <a href="/wiki/Wales_%26_Edwards" title="Wales & Edwards">Wales & Edwards</a>, which manufactured three-wheeled milk floats, in 1989. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ELECTRIC_CARS_-_NARA_-_17469135.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ELECTRIC_CARS_-_NARA_-_17469135.jpg/220px-ELECTRIC_CARS_-_NARA_-_17469135.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ELECTRIC_CARS_-_NARA_-_17469135.jpg/330px-ELECTRIC_CARS_-_NARA_-_17469135.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ELECTRIC_CARS_-_NARA_-_17469135.jpg/440px-ELECTRIC_CARS_-_NARA_-_17469135.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6181" data-file-height="4792" /></a><figcaption>A Battronic electric minivan in 1977</figcaption></figure> <p>The company took its first steps into North America in 1962. Smith Delivery Vehicles, based in <a href="/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead">Gateshead</a>, signed a partnership with coachbuilder <a href="/wiki/Boyertown" class="mw-redirect" title="Boyertown">Boyertown</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Exide" title="Exide">Exide</a> Division of the Electric Storage Battery of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> to produce an electric-powered delivery truck. </p><p>The Boyertown-Smith connection was forged in the late 1950s, when Smith's managing director was in the United States to explore a partnership with William and James Conway (owners of <a href="/wiki/Mister_Softee" title="Mister Softee">Mister Softee</a>, whose mobile ice-cream trucks were built by Boyertown). </p><p>Smith obtained the United Kingdom rights to the Mister Softee brand from the Conways, and began producing Mister Softee electric ice-cream floats in 1959 in partnership with J. Lyons & Co. subsidiary Glacier Foods. The Smith family approached the firm with the Battronic proposal in 1962. At that time, there were more than 14,000 Smith Electrics in service across the United Kingdom and western Europe. </p><p>The new company was organised as the Battronic Truck Corporation. Exide's parent company was a producer of <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle_battery" title="Electric vehicle battery">electric-vehicle batteries</a>, and Smith was a producer of electric delivery vehicles. Boyertown's contribution was its high-strength, lightweight alloy body.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early Battronics had a top speed of 25 miles per hour (40 km/h), and could carry a 2,500 pounds (1,100 kg) load up to 62 miles (100 km) on a single charge. The Potomac Edison Company of Hagerstown, Maryland, took delivery of the first production Battronic in March 1964. Smith withdrew from the partnership in 1966, and Battronic produced and sold fewer than 200 vehicles over its 20-year corporate lifespan (1963–1983).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diversification">Diversification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Diversification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frenchay_Hospital,_SEV_vehicle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Small, white utility vehicle with a trailer attached" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Frenchay_Hospital%2C_SEV_vehicle.JPG/220px-Frenchay_Hospital%2C_SEV_vehicle.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Frenchay_Hospital%2C_SEV_vehicle.JPG/330px-Frenchay_Hospital%2C_SEV_vehicle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Frenchay_Hospital%2C_SEV_vehicle.JPG/440px-Frenchay_Hospital%2C_SEV_vehicle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3681" data-file-height="2761" /></a><figcaption>SEV hospital utility vehicle in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the UK, Smith had a downturn in orders for its Cabac and diversified into niche vehicles. The Smith ST range of 7.5-ton low-speed electric trucks were marketed for municipal operations and interior applications requiring heavy-duty, emissionless vehicles. Smith ST vehicles are used in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear power plants</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> large factories,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Salt_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt mine">salt mines</a> which have been converted into records-storage facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company re-branded itself as SEV Group and diversified into <a href="/wiki/Fleet_management" title="Fleet management">fleet management</a>, mobile vehicle repair and the sale, hire and maintenance of <a href="/wiki/Forklift" title="Forklift">forklifts</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Material-handling_equipment" title="Material-handling equipment">material-handling equipment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tanfield_Group" title="Tanfield Group">Tanfield Group</a>, an engineering company based in North East England, acquired the SEV Group in October 2004 for £2.2 million and one million new <a href="/wiki/Common_stock" title="Common stock">ordinary shares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanfield restored the Smith Electric Vehicles brand name and began research and development of new electric delivery vehicles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Faraday, a <a href="/wiki/Proof_of_concept" title="Proof of concept">proof of concept</a> vehicle, with a top speed of 50 miles per hour (80 km/h), a range of up to 60 miles (100 km) in urban operations and a capacity of up to 2,000 kilograms (4,400 lb), was introduced in October 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Built on a Smith steel chassis, the Faraday had a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of over 5,000 kilograms (11,000 lb). Early adopters, such as <a href="/wiki/TNT_N.V." class="mw-redirect" title="TNT N.V.">TNT N.V.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sainsbury%27s" title="Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a>, wanted an electric vehicle which better matched UK driving-licence restrictions. In the UK, a person with a valid license can drive a light commercial vehicle with a GVW of up to 3,500 kilograms (7,700 lb); a vehicle between 3,500 and 7,500 kilograms (16,500 lb) requires a <a href="/wiki/European_driving_licence" title="European driving licence">C1</a> commercial-vehicle license.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith introduced the Newton 7.5-ton truck, which housed electric <a href="/wiki/Drivetrain" title="Drivetrain">drivetrain</a> technology in a chassis by <a href="/wiki/Avia_Motors" title="Avia Motors">Avia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Express and mail operator TNT N.V. took the first Newton for assessment in its <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new Smith Electric Vehicles production facility was built in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Washington, Tyne and Wear">Washington, Tyne and Wear</a>, and was opened by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> in February 2007: "This will be a company that will really make its presence felt not just in the North East, but actually throughout the world."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April of that year, Smith unveiled the Smith Edison. Based on the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit" title="Ford Transit">Ford Transit</a>, it was the first electric light-commercial vehicle with a GVW of less than 3,500 kg – meeting the "everyman" driving-license requirement of UK fleet operators.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first companies to deploy the Edison included the retailer <a href="/wiki/Sainsbury%27s" title="Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a> and the utility company <a href="/wiki/Scottish_%26_Southern_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish & Southern Energy">Scottish & Southern Energy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TNT N.V. ordered a fleet of 50 Smith Newton trucks, after its successful trial of the first vehicle in 2006 trial, that month.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith was one of several electric-commercial-vehicle companies invited to the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Transport" title="Department for Transport">Department for Transport</a> (DfT) in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> for discussions on how the <a href="/wiki/UK_government" class="mw-redirect" title="UK government">UK government</a> might help stimulate the market for commercial electric vehicles. This led to the announcement of the Low Carbon Vehicle Procurement Programme in the government's May 2007 <a href="/wiki/Energy_White_Paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy White Paper">Energy White Paper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the summer of 2007, Smith produced its first vehicles for export (delivered to TNT N.V. in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2007, the company exhibited its Newton truck in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and announced plans to establish a US production facility.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_restructuring">Corporate restructuring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Corporate restructuring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, Smith appointed its first full-service distributor (Electric Vehicles Ireland).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April, Smith and <a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Europe" title="Ford of Europe">Ford of Europe</a> announced an "official collaboration" on the future development of commercial electric vehicles beginning with the Smith Ampere (an electric version of the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Connect" title="Ford Transit Connect">Ford Transit Connect</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of June 2008, the Tanfield Group (Smith's parent company) reported the cancellation and postponement of customer orders. In November, Smith Electric was shortlisted for the Department for Transport's Low Carbon Vehicle Procurement Programme<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a subsidy scheme which allowed public-sector organizations to buy electric and low-carbon vans for the same price as an equivalent <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel</a> vehicle).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Electric vehicle sales for 2008 were £25.1 million, down from £26.1 million in 2007. The Tanfield Group cited a combination of supply-chain constraints, fleet-operator spending reductions and a lack of available credit for the decline in sales.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession#Effects_on_Europe" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> also impacted the company's plans to open a production facility in the US. </p><p>After restructuring its operations in line with the downturn in demand, in February 2009 Tanfield announced the formation of Smith Electric Vehicles US Corp (Smith US): a joint venture which is 49-percent owned by Tanfield. The 51-percent majority share was owned by private investors and Smith US management.<sup id="cite_ref-tanfieldgroup1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tanfieldgroup1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to establishing an associate company in the US, Smith appointed distributors for sales and service in all foreign markets which were offering incentives for electric vehicles. </p><p>Smith delivered its first Newton electric truck to Electric Vehicles Ireland, its distributor for the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, in March 2009. The 10,000-kilogram (22,000 lb) vehicle was purchased by building materials retailer Grange Builders Providers of Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by the appointment of AllGreenVehicles in the Netherlands as Smith's distributor for the <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a> countries. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Motor_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Motor Show">Geneva Motor Show</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> exhibited its Tourneo Connect, a concept electric <a href="/wiki/Minivan" title="Minivan">people-carrier</a> version of the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Connect" title="Ford Transit Connect">Ford Transit Connect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prototype was produced by Smith. </p><p>In 2009, the UK government began funding electric vehicles. Smith announced in June that it was a successful bidder for the Ultra Low Carbon Vehicle Demonstrator Programme (ULCVDP), administered by the <a href="/wiki/Technology_Strategy_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology Strategy Board">Technology Strategy Board</a> (TSB),<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which provided matching funds for the development of demonstration electric passenger vehicles. Smith announced that it would produce a seven-seat executive minibus; 10 London taxis based on <a href="/wiki/Manganese_Bronze_Holdings" title="Manganese Bronze Holdings">LTI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/TX4" title="TX4">TX4</a> chassis, and five people carriers similar to the concept Ford Tourneo Connect exhibited in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>. In August 2009, the UK government confirmed that Smith was one of three electric-van manufacturers on the final shortlist of suppliers for the Low Carbon Vehicle Procurement Programme.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2009, Tanfield announced that it was terminating its involvement in the electric <a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Connect" title="Ford Transit Connect">Ford Transit Connect</a> project in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> by mutual agreement with Ford.<sup id="cite_ref-bdaily1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdaily1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith cited the unexpected early success of its Newton electric truck in the US market; since Smith US had orders for 255 trucks, it decided to focus on the Newton. In <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, Tanfield felt that the market for smaller vans was becoming too competitive. </p><p>Smith UK appointed Sime Darby Motors its distributor for <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It received repeat business from Sainsbury's, which ordered an additional 50 Smith Edison electric vans. Combined with Sainsbury's existing 20 electric vans, this created the world's largest fleet of new-technology electric commercial vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sales of electric vehicles declined from £25.1 million to £15.1 million in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama-smith-electric.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A smiling Barack Obama at a podium in front of an electric truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Obama-smith-electric.jpg/220px-Obama-smith-electric.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Obama-smith-electric.jpg/330px-Obama-smith-electric.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Obama-smith-electric.jpg/440px-Obama-smith-electric.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> visited the Kansas City plant on 8 July 2010 to announce a $32 million grant under the <a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act</a>, coupled with $36 million in private capital, to build up to 500 electric trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2010, the company supplied 10 Smith Edison vans to <a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Europe" title="Ford of Europe">Ford of Europe</a> for the colognE-mobil project in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>. The first phase of the project would examine the potential benefits of electric commercial vehicles in Cologne, then forecast how they might affect <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>'s plans to deploy one million zero-emission vehicles by 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March, ElecTruckCity was appointed as Smith's French distributor.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phase one of the UK's Low Carbon Vehicle Procurement Programme began in April 2010. Smith received 67 percent of the orders for <a href="/wiki/Electric_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric van">electric vans</a>, more than double the total of orders received by the programme's other two electric-van suppliers (<a href="/wiki/Modec" title="Modec">Modec</a> and Allied Electric.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the UK's Commercial Vehicle Operator Show in 2010, the company celebrated its 90th anniversary. It announced SmithLink,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first <a href="/wiki/Telematics" title="Telematics">telematics</a> system for electric commercial vehicles. This provided real-time data on battery state of charge and vehicle location and the data monitoring required for government-funded projects from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> and the UK's <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Transport" title="Department for Transport">Department for Transport</a>. </p><p>The company introduced the UK's first all-electric 17-seat minibus at the 2010 CV Operator Show at the <a href="/wiki/National_Exhibition_Centre" title="National Exhibition Centre">National Exhibition Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>. The Smith Edison minibus was based on the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit" title="Ford Transit">Ford Transit</a> minibus chassis.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relocation_to_the_United_States">Relocation to the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Relocation to the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, Smith's US subsidiary in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a> acquired the parent company for $15 million and moved its headquarters to Kansas City International Airport. The new company announced that it was exploring the potential of an <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> (IPO).<sup id="cite_ref-evworld1_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evworld1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Tanfield initially maintained 49-percent ownership of the company, the percentage was subject to dilution as SEV raised additional <a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">equity</a> capital. Bryan Hansel was the company's CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial stock offering was not completed.<sup id="cite_ref-kansascity-20140813_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansascity-20140813-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith announced in June 2013 that it had over 700 vehicles deployed and over five million miles of operation.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2013, Smith signed a letter of intent to form a joint venture with Taikang Technology Corporation in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> for electric-vehicle assembly and distribution.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company deployed its first <a href="/wiki/Vehicle-to-grid" title="Vehicle-to-grid">vehicle-to-grid</a> (V2G) vehicles at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Carson" title="Fort Carson">Fort Carson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, in September 2013. The deployment was part of the Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS) project.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith entered a <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_intent" title="Letter of intent">letter of intent</a> agreement the following month with battery supplier Sinopoly to develop markets in China and Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of October, Tanfield's stake in Smith was less than six percent.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2014, Smith reached an agreement with Hong Kong-based battery manufacturer Sinopoly Battery Limited intended to raise $40 million for the firm.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 June, the company introduced Italy's first all-electric commercial truck. The Italian version of the Newton was delivered to Niinivirta Transport at a ceremony in Milan.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2014, Smith purchased a small Colorado company (listed on the <a href="/wiki/OTC_Bulletin_Board" title="OTC Bulletin Board">OTC Bulletin Board</a>) for $340,000 as part of its strategy to become a <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kansascity-20140813_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansascity-20140813-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That month, a UK subsidiary separated (as SEV)<sup id="cite_ref-company-08284457-_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-company-08284457--63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a <a href="/wiki/Management_buyout" title="Management buyout">management buyout</a> to focus on the European maintenance and service sector.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After many years of poor trading,<sup id="cite_ref-Kansas_City_Journal_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kansas_City_Journal-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith's UK arms were shut down in October 2016. This included Smith Electric Vehicles (Europe),<sup id="cite_ref-Companies_House_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Companies_House-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was placed under administration, and Smith Technologies<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Technologies_Ltd_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Technologies_Ltd-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which was liquidated). </p><p>In February 2017, the company ceased operation due to lack of funding; however, its board was attempting to obtain financing for a reorganization.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vehicles"><span class="anchor" id="Production_Vehicles"></span>Vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newton_Truck"><span class="anchor" id="Newton_Truck"></span>Newton Truck</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Newton Truck"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autotec_2010_-_74.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Green truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Autotec_2010_-_74.JPG/220px-Autotec_2010_-_74.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Autotec_2010_-_74.JPG/330px-Autotec_2010_-_74.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Autotec_2010_-_74.JPG/440px-Autotec_2010_-_74.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Smith Newton electric truck at the 2010 Autotec exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Brno_Exhibition_Centre" title="Brno Exhibition Centre">Brno Exhibition Centre</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Electric_truck" title="Electric truck">Electric truck</a></div> <p>Introduced in 2006, the Newton <a href="/wiki/Electric_truck" title="Electric truck">electric truck</a> was Smith's first produced, new-technology, electric commercial vehicle. The Newton was available in three GVW ratings: 7,500 kg, 10,000 kg and 12,000 kg. Each was available in a short, medium or long wheelbase.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The truck was powered by a 120 kilowatt electric permanent-magnet motor and driven by lithium-ion iron-phosphate batteries with <a href="/wiki/A123_Systems" title="A123 Systems">A123 Systems</a> modules. Smith offered 80 or 120 kWh battery packs. </p><p>Customers in Europe included <a href="/wiki/TNT_Express" title="TNT Express">TNT Express</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/TK_Maxx" title="TK Maxx">TK Maxx</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/DHL" title="DHL">DHL</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Beatty" title="Balfour Beatty">Balfour Beatty</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bunzl" title="Bunzl">Bunzl</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/A.G._Barr" title="A.G. Barr">A.G. Barr</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Works" title="Office of Public Works">Office of Public Works</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Ireland and Celtic Linen in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smith_Newton_StClements_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red-and-white truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Smith_Newton_StClements_3.jpg/220px-Smith_Newton_StClements_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Smith_Newton_StClements_3.jpg/330px-Smith_Newton_StClements_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Smith_Newton_StClements_3.jpg/440px-Smith_Newton_StClements_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Smith Newton electric van operated by TNT Express in Oxford, England</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Frito-Lay" title="Frito-Lay">Frito-Lay</a> was a major US customer, with 176 Newton delivery trucks in operation by January 2011 (about one percent of Frito-Lay's total fleet).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other American customers included <a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">Coca-Cola</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Gas_and_Electric_Company" title="Pacific Gas and Electric Company">Pacific Gas and Electric Company</a> (PG&E), <a href="/wiki/Staples_Inc." title="Staples Inc.">Staples</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newton was named Green Commercial of the Year in the electric-vehicle section of <i>Fleet Transport</i> magazine's Irish Truck of the Year Awards 2010, sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Castrol" title="Castrol">Castrol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Newton was sold worldwide in October 2012 and available with three payload capacities, from 6,100 to 16,200 pounds (2,800 to 7,300 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-SmithModels_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithModels-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion battery</a> pack was available in several sizes, with a range of 40 to 100 mi (60 to 160 km)<sup id="cite_ref-SmithModels_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithModels-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a top speed of 50 mph (80 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-SmithModels_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithModels-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Step-Van">Step-Van</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Step-Van"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2012, Smith announced the Newton Step-Van: an all-electric, zero-emission vehicle built on the Newton platform with a walk-in body produced by Indiana-based <a href="/wiki/Utilimaster_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Utilimaster Corporation">Utilimaster Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edison">Edison</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Edison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electric_vans_owned_by_the_University_of_Warwick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four white cargo vans, based on the third-generation facelifted Ford Transit but with electric powertrains, made for left-hand traffic, each with the words "electric vehicle" visible in big letters on its right side and in smaller letters on the front-facing part of its raised roof, and with the 2011 logo of the University of Warwick visible on the right (driver's) door" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Electric_vans_owned_by_the_University_of_Warwick.jpg/220px-Electric_vans_owned_by_the_University_of_Warwick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Electric_vans_owned_by_the_University_of_Warwick.jpg/330px-Electric_vans_owned_by_the_University_of_Warwick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Electric_vans_owned_by_the_University_of_Warwick.jpg/440px-Electric_vans_owned_by_the_University_of_Warwick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Smith Edison electric vans at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <p>The Smith Edison was the world's first electric van with a GVW of under 3,500 kg – a critical factor, because vehicles over 3,500 kg require a commercial driving licence. Edison, like any van under 3,500 kg, can be driven by anyone with a regular UK license. </p><p>The Edison was sold worldwide, except in the US. It was available as a <a href="/wiki/Chassis_cab" title="Chassis cab">chassis cab</a>, delivery van and minibus, with a capacity varying from 1,600 to 5,100 lb (730 to 2,310 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-SmithModels_85-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithModels-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delivery van was sold with several <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion battery</a> packs, with a range of 55 to 100 mi (90 to 160 km)<sup id="cite_ref-SmithModels_85-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithModels-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a top speed of 50 mph (80 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-SmithModels_85-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithModels-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Edison, based on the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit" title="Ford Transit">Ford Transit</a> chassis, was powered by a 90 kW induction motor from <a href="/wiki/Enova_Systems" title="Enova Systems">Enova Systems</a> and a 40 or 51kWh lithium-ion iron phosphate battery pack from <a href="/wiki/Valence_Technology" title="Valence Technology">Valence Technology</a>. </p><p>In November 2009, the Edison was one of the Irish Motoring Writers Association's top five Vans of the Year.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2009, it was named the 2010 Eco Van of the Year by <i>What Van</i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the Edison was upgraded to use the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit" title="Ford Transit">Ford Transit</a> Stage 5 variant. Customers were in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (Revolta), <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (Spijkstaal), <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (Taikang), <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> (CLP, FedEx), the UK, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> (FuelReduce) and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>. It was discontinued in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="London_taxi"><span class="anchor" id="London_Taxi"></span>London taxi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: London taxi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Manganese_Bronze_Holdings" title="Manganese Bronze Holdings">LTI</a> and Smith produced the TX4E, an all-electric version of <a href="/wiki/Manganese_Bronze_Holdings" title="Manganese Bronze Holdings">LTI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/TX4" title="TX4">TX4</a> black taxicab. Smith built the first 10 TX4Es as part of the UK government's Ultra Low Carbon Vehicle Demonstrator Programme. </p><p>The vehicles were not commercially successful, and the practicality of an electric taxi has been disputed. According to Licensed Taxi Drivers' Association general secretary Bob Oddy, "Only about 40 percent of London cabbies will be able to work a full eight-hour shift on a 100-mile charge."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ampere">Ampere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ampere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Smith Ampere was based on the Ford Transit Connect chassis. Smith produced a European prototype in 2008 and a US version the following year, after Smith US signed an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> in February 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The van was to be assembled for the North American market in the former <a href="/wiki/Trans_World_Airlines" title="Trans World Airlines">Trans World Airlines</a> maintenance hangar at <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_International_Airport" title="Kansas City International Airport">Kansas City International Airport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the UK for the European market. In October 2009, Smith US announced that it would join <a href="/wiki/Humvee" title="Humvee">Humvee</a> manufacturer <a href="/wiki/AM_General" title="AM General">AM General</a> to produce a prototype electric delivery vehicle for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company terminated its agreement with Ford and in October 2009, Ford partnered with <a href="/wiki/Azure_Dynamics" title="Azure Dynamics">Azure Dynamics</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-bdaily1_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdaily1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_and_development"><span class="anchor" id="Further_research_and_development"></span>Research and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Research and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Smith Electric Vehicles developed driveline enhancements and ancillary systems for commercial electric vehicles, including heating and air conditioning. The company estimated that the technology could increase electric-vehicle range by up to 20 percent. </p><p>In February 2010, Smith announced that it was working with Germany's Proton Power Systems to incorporate a <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">fuel cell</a> into its Smith Newton truck. The small fuel cell would act as a mini-generator, topping up the batteries and possibly doubling vehicle range.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SmithLink">SmithLink</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: SmithLink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SmithLink arose from the desire to understand how a fleet of all-electric vehicles performs under a variety of conditions, such as topology, temperature and driving style. In 2010, a team was formed to design a system for the collection and processing of data to aid product development. SmithLink was rolled out on several key UK and US fleets. </p><p>When SmithLink began, there was no secure and reliable transmission protocol for high-volume data transmission over public networks (the data portions of the mobile GPRS spectrum). Smith worked with the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Message_Queuing_Protocol" title="Advanced Message Queuing Protocol">Advanced Message Queuing Protocol</a> (AMQP) working group and <a href="/wiki/OASIS_(organization)" title="OASIS (organization)">OASIS</a> to define a standard protocol for messaging interoperability. SmithLink was one of the first heavy users of the AMQP protocol for telemetry transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2014, the system has been installed in over 800 vehicles worldwide; in March of that year, SmithLink had recorded over of 8.5 million miles of data on its electric trucks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Smith_US"><span class="anchor" id="Smith_Electric_Vehicles_US_Corp"></span><span class="anchor" id="Corporate_structure"></span><span class="anchor" id="Vehicles"></span><span class="anchor" id="Government_support"></span><span class="anchor" id="Locations"></span><span class="anchor" id="March_2010:_Smith_US_bids_for_independence"></span>Smith US</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Smith US"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Tanfield Group announced the formation of the Smith Electric Vehicles US Corporation (Smith US) in February 2009, and the company opened for business later that year. It was the US' leading manufacturer of electric trucks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Tanfield owned 49 percent of Smith US, with the remaining 51 percent owned by private investors. The US-majority ownership qualified the company for federal and state funding and incentives for electric trucks. Smith US owned the rights to produce and market Tanfield's commercial electric vehicles under the Smith brand. Tanfield licensed its electric-vehicle technology to Smith, in exchange for a royalty fee per vehicle sold by Smith US.<sup id="cite_ref-tanfieldgroup1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tanfieldgroup1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith US produced the Smith Newton all-electric truck in <a href="/wiki/Truck_classification" title="Truck classification">Classes 3-7</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Newton has a top speed of 55 miles per hour (90 km/h), a range of up to 100 miles (160 km) on a single charge, and is powered by lithium-ion batteries. </p><p>In July 2009, Smith US delivered its first Newton trucks at a ceremony on <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a> presided over by <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond">Kit Bond</a>. Its first six customers were <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frito-Lay" title="Frito-Lay">Frito-Lay</a>, <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staples_Inc." title="Staples Inc.">Staples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Gas_%26_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Gas & Electric">Pacific Gas & Electric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Power_%26_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Power & Light">Kansas City Power & Light</a>. The initial six vehicles were produced at Smith UK's facility in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Washington, Tyne and Wear">Washington, Tyne and Wear</a> and shipped to Missouri in kit form for final assembly. That month, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> awarded $10 million to Smith US for a fleet of trial vehicles for major US corporations.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Commerce_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Commerce Secretary">Commerce Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Locke" title="Gary Locke">Gary Locke</a> made the grant announcement in Kansas City during a visit to Kansas City Power & Light. By October, Smith US had recruited and trained the nucleus of its workforce and Newton trucks began rolling off the production line in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Newton became the first all-electric truck on the US <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a> (GSA) schedule, a list of products approved for purchase by federal agencies and the <a href="/wiki/US_military" class="mw-redirect" title="US military">US military</a>, in January 2010. The agencies spend a combined $1 billion annually on GSA-approved vehicles and automotive services.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of March 2010, US Senator <a href="/wiki/Claire_McCaskill" title="Claire McCaskill">Claire McCaskill</a> announced that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> was awarding an additional $22 million, allowing Smith US to increase its build program to more than 500 Newton trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith had its corporate headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>. The company's engineering <a href="/wiki/Center_of_excellence" title="Center of excellence">centre of excellence</a> was in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Washington, Tyne and Wear">Washington, Tyne and Wear</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith US made a £37 million conditional offer, equating to 50p per Tanfield share plus a "free" share in Smith US if it made an <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> and joined the <a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">stock market</a> in the near future.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to buy out the Smith UK operation and create a company separate from the Tanfield Group. Tanfield gave Smith US a four-month period of exclusivity, giving the American company until July to raise the requisite funding and make a firm offer. After President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s visit to the Kansas City plant on 8 July, the exclusivity period was extended 60 days to September 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preservation">Preservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Five battery-electric vehicles produced by Smith have been preserved in the collection of <a href="/wiki/The_Transport_Museum,_Wythall" class="mw-redirect" title="The Transport Museum, Wythall">the Transport Museum, Wythall</a> near <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England. A model S65 operated by Walsall & District Co-op and a model SS operated by Handsworth Dairies date to 1957. A pair of two-ton models operated by Walsall & District Co-op and Nottingham Co-op date to 1958 and 1959, and the fifth vehicle is a 1969 commuter mail van operated by the General Post Office.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ipswich_Transport_Museum" title="Ipswich Transport Museum">Ipswich Transport Museum</a> has a 1948 Smith milk float operated by the Ipswich Co-operative Society in its collection,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and three vehicles used for door-to-door vegetable sales. Built in 1965, they were retired in 2001 and donated to the museum by the co-op in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/BSicon_BUS.svg/28px-BSicon_BUS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/BSicon_BUS.svg/42px-BSicon_BUS.svg.png 1.5x, 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References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20170216/TECHNOLOGY/170219897/smith-electric-vehicles-which-had-planned-a-bronx-space-to-build-green-trucks-ceases-operations">"What killed New York's electric truck?"</a>. <i>Crain's New York Business</i>. 15 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005153445/https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20170216/TECHNOLOGY/170219897/smith-electric-vehicles-which-had-planned-a-bronx-space-to-build-green-trucks-ceases-operations">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crain%27s+New+York+Business&rft.atitle=What+killed+New+York%27s+electric+truck%3F&rft.date=2017-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crainsnewyork.com%2Farticle%2F20170216%2FTECHNOLOGY%2F170219897%2Fsmith-electric-vehicles-which-had-planned-a-bronx-space-to-build-green-trucks-ceases-operations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-file_number_4644879-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-file_number_4644879_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100106214416/https://delecorp.delaware.gov/tin/GINameSearch.jsp">"FAQ Page"</a>. state of Delaware division of corporations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://delecorp.delaware.gov/tin/GINameSearch.jsp">the original</a> on 6 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ+Page&rft.pub=state+of+Delaware+division+of+corporations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdelecorp.delaware.gov%2Ftin%2FGINameSearch.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbuelsamid2010" class="citation web cs1">Abuelsamid, Sam (11 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://green.autoblog.com/2010/03/11/smith-electric-vehicles-us-offers-to-buy-out-its-uk-parent/">"Smith Electric Vehicles US offers to buy out its UK parent — Autoblog Green"</a>. 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Kansas City Journal. 9 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161110173344/http://www.kansascity.com/news/business/technology/article38465550.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Investor+says+Smith+Electric+Vehicles+is+near+bankruptcy&rft.pub=Kansas+City+Journal&rft.date=2015-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kansascity.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Ftechnology%2Farticle38465550.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Companies_House-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Companies_House_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Companies_House_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/07472318">"Smith Electric Vehicles (Europe) Ltd"</a>. Companies House. 10 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161110172905/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/07472318">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EAST+%28Environment+and+Sustainable+Technology%29+Journal&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=34&rft.date=2007-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/driving/news/article1980350.ece">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiers2007" class="citation web cs1">Shiers, Will (11 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commercialmotor.com/latest-news/smith-launches-the-edison-an-all-new-electric-van">"Smith launches the Edison, an all-new electric van"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+launches+the+Edison%2C+an+all-new+electric+van&rft.pub=Commercialmotor.com&rft.date=2007-05-11&rft.aulast=Shiers&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commercialmotor.com%2Flatest-news%2Fsmith-launches-the-edison-an-all-new-electric-van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiers2007" class="citation web cs1">Shiers, Will (26 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commercialmotor.com/latest-news/tnt-buys--electric--tonne-trucks-from-sev">"TNT buys 50 electric 7.5-tonne trucks from SEV"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trailer-BodyBuilders&rft.atitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+Plans+JV+in+Taiwan&rft.date=2013-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrailer-bodybuilders.com%2Fnews%2Fsmith-electric-vehicles-plans-jv-taiwan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/smith-electric-vehicles-announces-letter-of-intent-to-form-joint-venture-in-taiwan/">"Smith Electric Vehicles Announces Letter of Intent to Form Joint Venture in Taiwan"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+Announces+Letter+of+Intent+to+Form+Joint+Venture+in+Taiwan&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft.date=2013-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fsmith-electric-vehicles-announces-letter-of-intent-to-form-joint-venture-in-taiwan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chargedevs.com/newswire/us-army-microgrid-features-bidirectional-ev-chargers/">"US Army Microgrid Features Bidirectional EV Chargers"</a>. chargedevs.com. 2 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140512225805/http://chargedevs.com/newswire/us-army-microgrid-features-bidirectional-ev-chargers/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Army+Microgrid+Features+Bidirectional+EV+Chargers&rft.pub=chargedevs.com&rft.date=2013-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchargedevs.com%2Fnewswire%2Fus-army-microgrid-features-bidirectional-ev-chargers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/sinopoly-enters-into-a-letter-of-intent-with-internationally-renowned-ev-supplier/">"Sinopoly Enters into a Letter of Intent with Internationally Renowned EV Supplier"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sinopoly+Enters+into+a+Letter+of+Intent+with+Internationally+Renowned+EV+Supplier&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft.date=2013-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fsinopoly-enters-into-a-letter-of-intent-with-internationally-renowned-ev-supplier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tanfieldgroup.com/">"Tanfield Group Investor Relations Website"</a>. <i>www.tanfieldgroup.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107100804/https://www.tanfieldgroup.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tanfieldgroup.com&rft.atitle=Tanfield+Group+Investor+Relations+Website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tanfieldgroup.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140512222608/http://www.sinopolybattery.com/ClientResources/201405111807332.pdf">"Sinopoly Enters into a Collective Agreement with Smith Electric Vehicles and Carries out a Strategic Cooperation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. sinopolybattery.com. 12 May 2014. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles%27+deal+with+Hong+Kong+battery+producers+to+raise+%2440+million&rft.pub=Bdaily.com&rft.date=2014-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdaily.co.uk%2Ffinance%2F12-05-2014%2Fsmith-electric-vehicles-deal-with-hong-kong-battery-producers-to-raise-40-million%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.automoto.it/news/smith-newton-il-primo-camion-elettrico-in-italia.html">"Smith Newton: il primo camion elettrico in Italia. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Newton%3A+il+primo+camion+elettrico+in+Italia.+Quali+sono+limiti+e+potenzialit%C3%A0%3F&rft.pub=automoto.it&rft.date=2014-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.automoto.it%2Fnews%2Fsmith-newton-il-primo-camion-elettrico-in-italia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-company-08284457--63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-company-08284457-_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCompany_No._08284457" class="citation news cs1">Company No. 08284457. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/08284457">"Companies House - Sev Automotie and Plant Limited"</a>. Companies House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118083100/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/08284457">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Companies+House+-+Sev+Automotie+and+Plant+Limited&rft.au=Company+No.+08284457&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.companieshouse.gov.uk%2Fcompany%2F08284457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sev.co.uk/management-buy-out/">"Management buy out"</a>. SEV. 26 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118012418/http://www.sev.co.uk/management-buy-out/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Management+buy+out&rft.pub=SEV&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sev.co.uk%2Fmanagement-buy-out%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPink2017" class="citation web cs1">Pink, Hayley (14 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freightinthecity.com/2017/02/smith-electric-vehicles-ceases-trading/">"Smith Electric Vehicles ceases trading – or does it?"</a>. <i>Freight in the City</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918230944/http://freightinthecity.com/2017/02/smith-electric-vehicles-ceases-trading/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freight+in+the+City&rft.atitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+ceases+trading+%E2%80%93+or+does+it%3F&rft.date=2017-02-14&rft.aulast=Pink&rft.aufirst=Hayley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreightinthecity.com%2F2017%2F02%2Fsmith-electric-vehicles-ceases-trading%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/wp-content/themes/barebones/pdfs/SmithNewtonUS_SpecSheet_2011.pdf">"Newton Spec Sheet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Smith Electric Vehicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517121955/http://www.smithelectric.com/wp-content/themes/barebones/pdfs/SmithNewtonUS_SpecSheet_2011.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newton+Spec+Sheet&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fwp-content%2Fthemes%2Fbarebones%2Fpdfs%2FSmithNewtonUS_SpecSheet_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/tnt/">"Smith Electric Vehicles - TNT Express"</a>. Smith Electric Vehicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504190813/http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/tnt/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+-+TNT+Express&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fcustomer-stories%2Ftnt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101018180335/http://www.tnt.com/express/en_gb/data/news/tnt_delivers_world.html">"TNT delivers world's largest zero emissions fleet"</a>. TNT.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnt.com/express/en_gb/data/news/tnt_delivers_world.html">the original</a> on 18 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TNT+delivers+world%27s+largest+zero+emissions+fleet&rft.pub=TNT.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnt.com%2Fexpress%2Fen_gb%2Fdata%2Fnews%2Ftnt_delivers_world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/tk-maxx/">"Smith Electric Vehicles - Case Studies TK Maxx"</a>. Smith Electric Vehicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504191619/http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/tk-maxx/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+-+Case+Studies+TK+Maxx&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fcustomer-stories%2Ftk-maxx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/dhl/">"Smith Electric Vehicles - DHL"</a>. Smith Electric Vehicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140505010042/http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/dhl/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+-+DHL&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fcustomer-stories%2Fdhl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/balrour-beatty/">"Smith Electric Vehicles - Case Studies Balfour Beatty"</a>. Smith Electric Vehicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504191311/http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/balrour-beatty/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+-+Case+Studies+Balfour+Beatty&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fcustomer-stories%2Fbalrour-beatty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504192302/http://www.landscapermagazine.com/news/commercial-vehicles/zero-emission-truck/">"Zero emission truck"</a>. landscapermagazine.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landscapermagazine.com/news/commercial-vehicles/zero-emission-truck/">the original</a> on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zero+emission+truck&rft.pub=landscapermagazine.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.landscapermagazine.com%2Fnews%2Fcommercial-vehicles%2Fzero-emission-truck%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transportengineer.org.uk/article/22854/Bunzls-green-distribution-drive-leads-to-Smith-electric-truck-hire.aspx">"Bunzl's green distribution drive leads to Smith electric truck hire - Transport engineer article"</a>. Transport engineer article. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303184634/http://www.transportengineer.org.uk/article/22854/Bunzls-green-distribution-drive-leads-to-Smith-electric-truck-hire.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bunzl%27s+green+distribution+drive+leads+to+Smith+electric+truck+hire+-+Transport+engineer+article&rft.pub=Transport+engineer+article.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transportengineer.org.uk%2Farticle%2F22854%2FBunzls-green-distribution-drive-leads-to-Smith-electric-truck-hire.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/ag-barr/">"Smith Electric Vehicles - Case Studies"</a>. Smith Electric Vehicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504191623/http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/ag-barr/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+-+Case+Studies&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fcustomer-stories%2Fag-barr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0514/1224270379944.html">"OPW acquires electric delivery truck - The Irish Times - Fri, May 14, 2010"</a>. The Irish Times. 14 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021053643/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0514/1224270379944.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OPW+acquires+electric+delivery+truck+-+The+Irish+Times+-+Fri%2C+May+14%2C+2010&rft.date=2010-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Fireland%2F2010%2F0514%2F1224270379944.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/celtic-linen/">"Smith Electric Vehicles - News"</a>. Smith Electric Vehicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504191209/http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/celtic-linen/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+-+News&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fcustomer-stories%2Fceltic-linen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/fritolay/">"Smith Electric Vehicles - Case Studies"</a>. Smith Electric Vehicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504191749/http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/fritolay/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+-+Case+Studies&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fcustomer-stories%2Ffritolay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://evworld.com/news.cfm?newsid=23976">"Frito Lay Orders 176 Smith Newton Electric Trucks"</a>. EVWorld.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504191544/http://evworld.com/news.cfm?newsid=23976">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frito+Lay+Orders+176+Smith+Newton+Electric+Trucks&rft.pub=EVWorld.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fevworld.com%2Fnews.cfm%3Fnewsid%3D23976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/coca-cola-refreshments/">"Smith Electric Vehicles - News"</a>. Smith Electric Vehicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504191020/http://www.smithelectric.com/customer-stories/coca-cola-refreshments/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+-+News&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fcustomer-stories%2Fcoca-cola-refreshments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenfleetmagazine.com/news/39325/smith-delivers-electric-trucks-to-commercial-fleets">"Smith Delivers Electric Trucks to Commercial Fleets"</a>. greenfleetmagazine.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504192205/http://www.greenfleetmagazine.com/news/39325/smith-delivers-electric-trucks-to-commercial-fleets">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MoU+with+Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft.pub=Proton+Power+Systems&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.protonpowersystems.com%2Fnews0.html%3F%26tx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D96%26tx_ttnews%255BbackPid%255D%3D6%26cHash%3Ddbb95189b9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amqp.org/about/examples">"AMQP Customer Success Stories"</a>. AMQP.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140402201646/http://www.amqp.org/about/examples">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AMQP+Customer+Success+Stories&rft.pub=AMQP.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amqp.org%2Fabout%2Fexamples&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sev-us.com/pdf/054738-Smith%20Electric%20Vehicles%20Extends%20Industry-Leading%20Newton%20Platform.pdf">Smith Electric Extends Industry Lead Newton Platform - ser-us.com - Retrieved 3 August 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716043312/http://www.sev-us.com/pdf/054738-Smith%20Electric%20Vehicles%20Extends%20Industry-Leading%20Newton%20Platform.pdf">Archived</a> 16 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sev-us.com/pdf/060045-U.S.%20Department%20of%20Energy%20Awards%20Smith%20Electric%20Vehicles%20$10%20Million%20Grant.pdf">U.S. Department of Energy Awards Smith Electric Vehicle $20 Million Grant = sev-us.com - Retrieved 3 August 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716043359/http://www.sev-us.com/pdf/060045-U.S.%20Department%20of%20Energy%20Awards%20Smith%20Electric%20Vehicles%20%2410%20Million%20Grant.pdf">Archived</a> 16 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStagemeyer2009" class="citation news cs1">Stagemeyer, Suzanna (9 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kansascity.bizjournals.com/kansascity/stories/2009/10/12/story1.html">"Smith Electric's Kansas City line starts rolling"</a>. <i>Kansas City Business Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_City_Business_Journals" title="American City Business Journals">American City Business Journals</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kansas+City+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Smith+Electric%27s+Kansas+City+line+starts+rolling&rft.date=2009-10-09&rft.aulast=Stagemeyer&rft.aufirst=Suzanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkansascity.bizjournals.com%2Fkansascity%2Fstories%2F2009%2F10%2F12%2Fstory1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.automotive-fleet.com/Channel/Green-Fleet/News/Story/2010/01/Smith-Electric-Vehicles-Awarded-GSA-Schedule.aspx?interstitial=1">"Smith Electric Vehicles Awarded GSA Schedule - Top News - Green Fleet"</a>. Automotive Fleet. 28 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707192447/http://www.automotive-fleet.com/Channel/Green-Fleet/News/Story/2010/01/Smith-Electric-Vehicles-Awarded-GSA-Schedule.aspx?interstitial=1">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+Awarded+GSA+Schedule+-+Top+News+-+Green+Fleet&rft.pub=Automotive+Fleet&rft.date=2010-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.automotive-fleet.com%2FChannel%2FGreen-Fleet%2FNews%2FStory%2F2010%2F01%2FSmith-Electric-Vehicles-Awarded-GSA-Schedule.aspx%3Finterstitial%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwiddy2010" class="citation news cs1">Twiddy, David (31 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/charlotte/othercities/kansascity/stories/2010/03/29/daily29.html">"Smith Electric Vehicles gets $22M more from the U.S. Department of Energy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Business_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte Business Journal">Charlotte Business Journal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/American_City_Business_Journals" title="American City Business Journals">American City Business Journals</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Charlotte+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+gets+%2422M+more+from+the+U.S.+Department+of+Energy&rft.date=2010-03-31&rft.aulast=Twiddy&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fcharlotte%2Fothercities%2Fkansascity%2Fstories%2F2010%2F03%2F29%2Fdaily29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithelectric.com/contact-us/">"Contact Us"</a>. Smith Electric Vehicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032818/http://www.smithelectric.com/contact-us/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contact+Us&rft.pub=Smith+Electric+Vehicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithelectric.com%2Fcontact-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/82f4bf9c-2c97-11df-8abb-00144feabdc0.html">"Tanfield to sell electric vehicle operation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. The Nikkei. 11 March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101029234151/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/82f4bf9c-2c97-11df-8abb-00144feabdc0.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Tanfield+to+sell+electric+vehicle+operation&rft.date=2010-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F82f4bf9c-2c97-11df-8abb-00144feabdc0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwiddy2010" class="citation news cs1">Twiddy, David (9 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kansascity.bizjournals.com/kansascity/stories/2010/07/05/daily36.html">"Smith Electric Vehicles U.S. gets more time to buy UK partner"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Business_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Business Journal">Kansas City Business Journal</a></i>. American City Business Journals. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100718125414/http://kansascity.bizjournals.com/kansascity/stories/2010/07/05/daily36.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kansas+City+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Smith+Electric+Vehicles+U.S.+gets+more+time+to+buy+UK+partner&rft.date=2010-07-09&rft.aulast=Twiddy&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkansascity.bizjournals.com%2Fkansascity%2Fstories%2F2010%2F07%2F05%2Fdaily36.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wythall.org.uk/elec.asp">"Our Battery Electric Collection"</a>. Wythall Transport Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308084917/http://www.wythall.org.uk/elec.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Battery+Electric+Collection&rft.pub=Wythall+Transport+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wythall.org.uk%2Felec.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130403032817/http://www.ipswichtransportmuseum.co.uk/pv8337.htm">"Smiths/NCB Electric Milk Float"</a>. Ipswich Transport Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipswichtransportmuseum.co.uk/pv8337.htm">the original</a> on 3 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smiths%2FNCB+Electric+Milk+Float&rft.pub=Ipswich+Transport+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipswichtransportmuseum.co.uk%2Fpv8337.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170423151502/http://www.ipswichtransportmuseum.co.uk/fdx346d.htm">"Smiths Electric Vegetable Cart"</a>. Ipswich Transport Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipswichtransportmuseum.co.uk/fdx346d.htm">the original</a> on 23 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smiths+Electric+Vegetable+Cart&rft.pub=Ipswich+Transport+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipswichtransportmuseum.co.uk%2Ffdx346d.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmith+Electric+Vehicles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Electric_Vehicles&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">Automotive industry in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Companies and<br /><a href="/wiki/Marque" class="mw-redirect" title="Marque">marques</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Commercialvehicleproducers" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Commercial<br />vehicle<br />producers</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dennis" title="Alexander Dennis">Alexander Dennis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plaxton" title="Plaxton">Plaxton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrival_(company)" title="Arrival (company)">Arrival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BEDEO" title="BEDEO">BEDEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Eagle" title="Dennis Eagle">Dennis Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBC_Vehicles" title="IBC Vehicles">IBC Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCB_(heavy_equipment_manufacturer)" title="JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer)">JCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Trucks" title="Leyland Trucks">Leyland Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWD_Trucks" title="AWD Trucks">Multidrive Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Electric_Vehicle_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Electric Vehicle Company">London Electric Vehicle Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellor_Coachcraft" title="Mellor Coachcraft">Mellor Coachcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optare" class="mw-redirect" title="Optare">Optare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REE_Automotive" title="REE Automotive">REE Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrightbus" title="Wrightbus">Wrightbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Equipment_Company" title="Associated Equipment Company">AEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_Motors" title="Albion Motors">Albion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Chassis_Engineering" title="Alternative Chassis Engineering">Alternative Chassis Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aveling-Barford" title="Aveling-Barford">Aveling-Barford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWD_Trucks" title="AWD Trucks">AWD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Vehicles" title="Bedford Vehicles">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Bristol Commercial Vehicles">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_United_Traction" title="British United Traction">British United Traction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlyle_Works" title="Carlyle Works">Carlyle Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H_Roe" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles H Roe">Charles H Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clough,_Smith" title="Clough, Smith">Clough, Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commer" title="Commer">Commer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossley_Motors" title="Crossley Motors">Crossley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Specialist_Vehicles" title="Dennis Specialist Vehicles">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duple_Coachbuilders" title="Duple Coachbuilders">Duple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lancashire_Coachbuilders" title="East Lancashire Coachbuilders">East Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coach_Works" title="Eastern Coach Works">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERF_(truck_manufacturer)" title="ERF (truck manufacturer)">ERF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foden_Trucks" title="Foden Trucks">Foden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Southampton_plant" title="Ford Southampton plant">Southampton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Motors" title="Guy Motors">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda_UK_Manufacturing" title="Honda UK Manufacturing">Honda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_%26_E_Hall" title="J & E Hall">Hallford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karrier" title="Karrier">Karrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDV_Group" title="LDV Group">LDV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Bus" title="Leyland Bus">Leyland Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_DAF" title="Leyland DAF">Leyland DAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Taxi_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Taxi Company">London Taxi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longwell_Green_Coachworks" title="Longwell Green Coachworks">Longwell Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Bus" title="Marshall Bus">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudslay_Motor_Company" title="Maudslay Motor Company">Maudslay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Cammell_Weymann" title="Metro Cammell Weymann">Metro Cammell Weymann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modec" title="Modec">Modec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison-Electricar" title="Morrison-Electricar">Morrison-Electricar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Counties_Motor_%26_Engineering_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Counties Motor & Engineering Company">Northern Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Royal_Vehicles" title="Park Royal Vehicles">Park Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reeve_Burgess" title="Reeve Burgess">Reeve Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scammell" class="mw-redirect" title="Scammell">Scammell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seddon_Atkinson" title="Seddon Atkinson">Seddon Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Waggon_Works" title="Sentinel Waggon Works">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelvoke_%26_Drewry" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelvoke & Drewry">Shelvoke & Drewry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Smith EV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_Vehicles" title="Stevens Vehicles">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straker-Squire" title="Straker-Squire">Straker-Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Sunbeam Commercial Vehicles">Sunbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornycroft" title="Thornycroft">Thornycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilling-Stevens" title="Tilling-Stevens">Tilling-Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(motor_vehicles)" title="Vulcan (motor vehicles)">Vulcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadham_Stringer" title="Wadham Stringer">Wadham Stringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_%26_Edwards" title="Wales & Edwards">Wales & Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Alexander_Coachbuilders" title="Walter Alexander Coachbuilders">Walter Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowbrook_(bus_manufacturer)" title="Willowbrook (bus manufacturer)">Willowbrook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Motorsport in the United Kingdom">Motorsport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Engine_Research" title="Advanced Engine Research">Advanced Engine Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_F1_Team" title="Alpine F1 Team">Alpine F1 Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_in_Formula_One" title="Aston Martin in Formula One">AMR GP Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Motorsport" title="Arena Motorsport">Arena Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlin_Motorsport" title="Carlin Motorsport">Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_Racing_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevron Racing Cars">Chevron Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Morrison_(driver)" title="Phil Morrison (driver)">Driftworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judd_(engine)" title="Judd (engine)">Engine Developments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team" title="Ford World Rally Team">Ford World Rally Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortec_Motorsport" title="Fortec Motorsport">Fortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Technology" title="Gibson Technology">Gibson Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewland" title="Hewland">Hewland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahn_Design" title="Kahn Design">Kahn Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmor" title="Ilmor">Ilmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Cars" title="Lola Cars">Lola Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaren" title="McLaren">McLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains" title="Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains">Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One" title="Mercedes-Benz in Formula One">Mercedes AMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Sport" title="M-Sport">M-Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munchi%27s_Ford_World_Rally_Team" title="Munchi's Ford World Rally Team">Munchi's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodrive" title="Prodrive">Prodrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Sportscars" title="Radical Sportscars">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing" title="Red Bull Racing">Red Bull Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodin_Motorsport" title="Rodin Motorsport">Rodin Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RML_Group" title="RML Group">RML Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Dowson_Engineering" title="Roger Dowson Engineering">Roger Dowson Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo_Power" title="Sumo Power">Sumo Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Dynamics" title="Team Dynamics">Team Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Eight_Racing" title="Triple Eight Racing">Triple Eight Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen" title="Van Diemen">Van Diemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams Grand Prix Engineering">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirth_Research" title="Wirth Research">Wirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xtrac" class="mw-redirect" title="Xtrac">Xtrac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_car_manufacturers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom">Passenger car<br />producers</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Motor_Company" title="Ariel Motor Company">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagonda" title="Lagonda">Lagonda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Crewe" title="Bentley Crewe">Crewe plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_Oxford" title="Plant Oxford">Oxford plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressed_Steel_Company" title="Pressed Steel Company">Swindon plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goodwood_plant" title="Goodwood plant">Goodwood plant</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briggs_Automotive_Company" title="Briggs Automotive Company">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brown_Automotive" title="David Brown Automotive">David Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Cars" title="Ginetta Cars">Ginetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover">Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich_Assembly" title="Castle Bromwich Assembly">Castle Bromwich plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Gaydon_Centre" title="Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre">Gaydon Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Halewood" title="Jaguar Land Rover Halewood">Halewood plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solihull_plant" title="Solihull plant">Solihull plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley_plant" title="Whitley plant">Whitley Engineering Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_Car_Company" title="Lightning Car Company">Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geely" title="Geely">Geely</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Automotive" title="McLaren Automotive">McLaren</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Technology_Centre" title="McLaren Technology Centre">McLaren Technology Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor_UK" title="SAIC Motor UK">SAIC Motor UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MG_Motor" title="MG Motor">MG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDV_Group" title="LDV Group">Eco Concept</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Motor_Company" title="Morgan Motor Company">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Motor_Manufacturing_UK" title="Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK">Nissan UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Automotive" title="Noble Automotive">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfinch" title="Overfinch">Overfinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Sportscars" title="Radical Sportscars">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyker_Cars" title="Spyker Cars">Spyker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Manufacturing_UK" title="Toyota Manufacturing UK">Toyota UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR" title="TVR">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Ellesmere_Port" title="Vauxhall Ellesmere Port">Ellesmere Port</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenos_Cars" title="Zenos Cars">Zenos</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Kit_car" title="Kit car">Kit cars</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Davrian" title="Davrian">Davrian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/GKD_sports_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="GKD sports cars">GKD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/GTM_Cars" title="GTM Cars">GTM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/JBA_Motors" title="JBA Motors">JBA Motors</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marc_Nordon_Racing" title="Marc Nordon Racing">Marc Nordon Racing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Onyx_Sports_Cars" title="Onyx Sports Cars">Onyx</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Sports_Cars" title="Quantum Sports Cars">Quantum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sylva_Autokits" title="Sylva Autokits">Sylva</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ultima_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultima Sports">Ultima Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allard_Motor_Company" title="Allard Motor Company">Allard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Armstrong Siddeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascari_Cars" title="Ascari Cars">Ascari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin-Healey" title="Austin-Healey">Austin-Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belsize_Motors" title="Belsize Motors">Belsize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp%27s_Commercials" title="Sharp's Commercials">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabham_Automotive" title="Brabham Automotive">Brabham Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Cars" title="Bristol Cars">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caparo_Vehicle_Technologies" title="Caparo Vehicle Technologies">Caparo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment-Talbot" title="Clément-Talbot">Clément-Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Cars" title="Eagle Cars">Eagle Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Car_Corporation" title="Electric Car Corporation">Electric Car Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenix_Automotive" title="Fenix Automotive">Fenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazer_Nash" title="Frazer Nash">Frazer Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbern" title="Gilbern">Gilbern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jowett_Cars" title="Jowett Cars">Jowett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lister_Motor_Company" title="Lister Motor Company">Lister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Engineering" title="Marcos Engineering">Marcos Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Melling" title="Al Melling">Melling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MG_Rover_Group" title="MG Rover Group">MG Rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MG_Motor" title="MG Motor">MG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longbridge_plant" title="Longbridge plant">Longbridge plant</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_Engineering_Company" title="Peel Engineering Company">Peel Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryton_plant" title="Ryton plant">Ryton plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Motor_Car_Company" title="Sunbeam Motor Car Company">Sunbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam-Talbot" title="Sunbeam-Talbot">Sunbeam-Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_(automobile)" title="Trojan (automobile)">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Suppliers and<br />consultancies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummins_UK" title="Cummins UK">Cummins UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Tyres" title="Dunlop Tyres">Dunlop Tyres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GKN" title="GKN">GKN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GKN_Driveline" class="mw-redirect" title="GKN Driveline">GKN Driveline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayson_Thermal_Systems" title="Grayson Thermal Systems">Grayson Thermal Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Matthey" title="Johnson Matthey">Johnson Matthey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahn_Design" title="Kahn Design">Kahn Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars#Lotus_Engineering" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millbrook_Proving_Ground" title="Millbrook Proving Ground">Millbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Industry_Research_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Industry Research Association">MIRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Engines" title="Perkins Engines">Perkins Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilkington" title="Pilkington">Pilkington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaife" title="Quaife">Quaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricardo plc">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Steel_Europe" title="Tata Steel Europe">Tata Steel Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tickford" title="Tickford">Tickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Research_Laboratory" title="Transport Research Laboratory">Transport Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unipart" title="Unipart">Unipart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMG,_University_of_Warwick" title="WMG, University of Warwick">WMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wipac" title="Wipac">Wipac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zytek_Automotive" title="Zytek Automotive">Zytek Automotive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Panels" title="Abbey Panels">Abbey Panels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caparo_Vehicle_Technologies" title="Caparo Vehicle Technologies">Caparo Vehicle Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Rubber" title="Dunlop Rubber">Dunlop Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferodo" title="Ferodo">Ferodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_Gardner_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="L Gardner & Sons">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardy_Spicer" title="Hardy Spicer">Hardy Spicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Meadows" title="Henry Meadows">Henry Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laycock_Engineering" title="Laycock Engineering">Laycock Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Industries" title="Lucas Industries">Lucas Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LucasVarity" title="LucasVarity">LucasVarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomkins_plc" title="Tomkins plc">Tomkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Poppe" title="White and Poppe">White and Poppe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dealerships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Clark_Automobiles" title="Arnold Clark Automobiles">Arnold Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcraft" title="Carcraft">Carcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Retail_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Retail Group">Ford Retail Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_1_Automotive" title="Group 1 Automotive">Group 1 Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchcape_plc" title="Inchcape plc">Inchcape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardine_Motors_Group" title="Jardine Motors Group">Jardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCT600" title="JCT600">JCT600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookers" title="Lookers">Lookers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.R._Owen" title="H.R. Owen">H.R. Owen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Barclay_Bentley" title="Jack Barclay Bentley">Jack Barclay Bentley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrys_Motor_Sales" title="Perrys Motor Sales">Perrys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSA_Group#United_Kingdom" title="PSA Group">Robins & Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneacre_Motor_Group" title="Stoneacre Motor Group">Stoneacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sytner_Group" title="Sytner Group">Sytner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertu_Motors" title="Vertu Motors">Vertu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATS_Euromaster" title="ATS Euromaster">ATS Euromaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoglass">Autoglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Windscreens" title="Auto Windscreens">Auto Windscreens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Vehicle_Rental_and_Leasing_Association" title="British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association">British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_Automotive_Group" title="Constellation Automotive Group">Constellation Automotive Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Flag" title="Green Flag">Green Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfords_Autocentre" title="Halfords Autocentre">Halfords Autocentre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfords" title="Halfords">Halfords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiQ_(tyres)" title="HiQ (tyres)">HiQ (tyres)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwik_Fit" title="Kwik Fit">Kwik Fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeasePlan" title="LeasePlan">LeasePlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_Autolease" title="Lex Autolease">Lex Autolease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millbrook_Proving_Ground" title="Millbrook Proving Ground">Millbrook Proving Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Tyres_and_Autocare" title="National Tyres and Autocare">National Tyres and Autocare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinewood_Technologies" title="Pinewood Technologies">Pinewood Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAC_Limited" title="RAC Limited">RAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_AA" title="The AA">The AA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Buy_Any_Car" title="We Buy Any Car">We Buy Any Car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Government and<br />regulatory bodies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_Council_UK" title="Automotive Council UK">Automotive Council UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Transport" title="Department for Transport">Department for Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driver_%26_Vehicle_Licensing_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency">Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_Standards_Agency" title="Driving Standards Agency">Driving Standards Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Certification_Agency" title="Vehicle Certification Agency">Vehicle Certification Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_%26_Operator_Services_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle & Operator Services Agency">Vehicle & Operator Services Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Group#Other_publications" title="Bauer Media Group">AM Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Autocar_(magazine)" title="Autocar (magazine)">Autocar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Autosport" title="Autosport">Autosport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Auto_Trader_Group" title="Auto Trader Group">Auto Trader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Auto_Express" title="Auto Express">Auto Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buses_(magazine)" title="Buses (magazine)">Buses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Car_(magazine)" title="Car (magazine)">Car</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_%26_Sports_Car" title="Classic & Sports Car">Classic & Sports Car</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coach_%26_Bus_Week" title="Coach & Bus Week">Coach & Bus Week</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Motor" title="Commercial Motor">Commercial Motor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evo_(magazine)" title="Evo (magazine)">Evo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Car_(magazine)" title="Fast Car (magazine)">Fast Car</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Gear" title="Fifth Gear">Fifth Gear</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Advanced_Motorists" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Advanced Motorists">Institute of Advanced Motorists</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motor_Sport_(magazine)" title="Motor Sport (magazine)">Motor Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Octane_(magazine)" title="Octane (magazine)">Octane</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Accidents" title="Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents">Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motor_Manufacturers_and_Traders" title="Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders">Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_Gear_(magazine)" title="Top Gear (magazine)">Top Gear (magazine)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_Gear_(2002_TV_series)" title="Top Gear (2002 TV series)">Top Gear (TV series)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Car%3F" title="What Car?">What Car?</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Automotive industry in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">Automotive industry in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicle<br />manufacturers<br />and brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Current <br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_United_States" title="List of automobile manufacturers of the United States">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGCO" title="AGCO">AGCO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_Tractor" title="Challenger Tractor">Challenger Tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massey_Ferguson" title="Massey Ferguson">Massey Ferguson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM_General" title="AM General">AM General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workhorse_Group" title="Workhorse Group">Amp Electric Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcimoto" title="Arcimoto">Arcimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_Runner" title="Rhino Runner">Armour Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATK_motorcycles" class="mw-redirect" title="ATK motorcycles">ATK motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocar_Company" title="Autocar Company">Autocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Bird_Corporation" title="Blue Bird Corporation">Blue Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callaway_Cars" title="Callaway Cars">Callaway Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czinger" title="Czinger">Czinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Patrol_Vehicle" title="Desert Patrol Vehicle">Chenowth Racing Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Performance_Vehicles" title="Environmental Performance Vehicles">Environmental Performance Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equus_Bass_770" title="Equus Bass 770">Equus Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_River_(company)" title="Forest River (company)">Forest River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Bus_Incorporated" title="Champion Bus Incorporated">Champion Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_Industries" title="Collins Industries">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElDorado_(bus_manufacturer)" title="ElDorado (bus manufacturer)">ElDorado National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaval_Bus" title="Glaval Bus">Glaval Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starcraft_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Starcraft Bus">Starcraft Bus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Motor_Company" title="Lincoln Motor Company">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Vehicle_Team" title="Special Vehicle Team">SVT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_Land_Systems" title="General Dynamics Land Systems">General Dynamics Land Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_V_series" title="Cadillac V series">Cadillac V series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Performance" title="Chevrolet Performance">Chevrolet Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillig" title="Gillig">Gillig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growler_Manufacturing_and_Engineering" title="Growler Manufacturing and Engineering">Growler Manufacturing and Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley-Davidson" title="Harley-Davidson">Harley-Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingersoll_Rand" title="Ingersoll Rand">Ingersoll Rand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_Car" title="Club Car">Club Car</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Search_and_Rescue_Tactical_Vehicle" title="Storm Search and Rescue Tactical Vehicle">HDT Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HME,_Incorporated" title="HME, Incorporated">HME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">International Motors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IC_Bus" title="IC Bus">IC Bus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Deere" title="John Deere">John Deere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_Automotive" title="Karma Automotive">Karma Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laffite_X-Road" title="Laffite X-Road">Laffite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenco_BearCat" title="Lenco BearCat">Lenco Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucid_Motors" title="Lucid Motors">Lucid Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_Trucks" title="Mack Trucks">Mack Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Luxury_Coaches" title="Millennium Luxury Coaches">Millennium Luxury Coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Olson" title="Morgan Olson">Morgan Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Coach_Industries" title="Motor Coach Industries">Motor Coach Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Manufacturing" title="Pierce Manufacturing">Pierce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenworth" title="Kenworth">Kenworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterbilt" title="Peterbilt">Peterbilt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoz" title="Panoz">Panoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Polaris Industries">Polaris Industries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Electric_Motorcars" title="Global Electric Motorcars">Global Electric Motorcars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Motorcycle" title="Indian Motorcycle">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Motorcycles" title="Victory Motorcycles">Victory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REV_Group" title="REV Group">REV Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Enterprises" title="Fleetwood Enterprises">Fleetwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_Rambler" title="Holiday Rambler">Holiday Rambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_Industries" title="Collins Industries">Laymor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeled_Coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheeled Coach">Wheeled Coach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezvani_Motors" title="Rezvani Motors">Rezvani Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivian" title="Rivian">Rivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Cameron_Glickenhaus" title="Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus">Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSC_North_America" title="SSC North America">SSC North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superformance" title="Superformance">Superformance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textron" title="Textron">Textron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Cat" title="Arctic Cat">Arctic Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Z-Go" class="mw-redirect" title="E-Z-Go">E-Z-Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushman_(company)" title="Cushman (company)">Cushman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_Tech" title="Trans Tech">Trans Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilimaster_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Utilimaster Corporation">Ultimaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIA_Motors" title="VIA Motors">VIA Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLF_Automotive" title="VLF Automotive">VLF Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xos,_Inc." title="Xos, Inc.">Xos, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Motorcycles" title="Zero Motorcycles">Zero Motorcycles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Foreign <br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States" title="BMW in the United States">BMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck_North_America" title="Daimler Truck North America">Daimler Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Honda_Motor_Company" title="American Honda Motor Company">Honda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acura" title="Acura">Acura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company#Regional_operations" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kia#Kia_Motors_America" title="Kia">Kia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_USA" title="Mercedes-Benz USA">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors_North_America" title="Mitsubishi Motors North America">Mitsubishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_USA" title="Nissan USA">Nissan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infiniti" title="Infiniti">Infiniti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seres_Group" title="Seres Group">Seres Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seres_(automobiles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seres (automobiles)">Seres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Stellantis</a><sup>1</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_(brand)" title="Chrysler (brand)">Chrysler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodge" title="Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeep" title="Jeep">Jeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Trucks" title="Ram Trucks">Ram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_of_America" title="Subaru of America">Subaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_North_America" title="Toyota Motor North America">Toyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Engineering_%26_Manufacturing_North_America" title="Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America">Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_of_America" title="Volkswagen Group of America">Volkswagen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Defunct /<br /> former <sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allis-Chalmers" title="Allis-Chalmers">Allis-Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Austin_Car_Company" title="American Austin Car Company">American Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kurrent" title="The Kurrent">American Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_LaFrance" title="American LaFrance">American LaFrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Motors_Corporation" title="American Motors Corporation">American Motors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Motor_Car_Company" title="Hudson Motor Car Company">Hudson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essex_(automobile)" title="Essex (automobile)">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraplane" title="Terraplane">Terraplane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Motors" title="Nash Motors">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambler_(automobile)" title="Rambler (automobile)">Rambler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armor_Holdings" title="Armor Holdings">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_Motor_Car_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored Motor Car Company">Armored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Automobile" title="Auburn Automobile">Auburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurica_Motors" title="Aurica Motors">Aurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoette" title="Autoette">Autoette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanti_(car)" title="Avanti (car)">Avanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Company" title="Avery Company">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best_Manufacturing_Company" title="Best Manufacturing Company">BMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Electric_Vehicle" title="Boulder Electric Vehicle">Boulder Electric Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_Motors_Corporation" title="Carbon Motors Corporation">Carbon Motors Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checker_Motors_Corporation" title="Checker Motors Corporation">Checker Motors Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_Motor_Truck_Company" title="Clydesdale Motor Truck Company">Clydesdale Motor Truck Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_Automotive" title="Coda Automotive">Coda</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(automobile_company)" title="Commonwealth (automobile company)">Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord_(automobile)" title="Cord (automobile)">Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Corporation" title="Case Corporation">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNH_Global" class="mw-redirect" title="CNH Global">CNH Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle-Scoot" title="Cycle-Scoot">Cycle-Scoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeLorean_Motor_Company" title="DeLorean Motor Company">DeLorean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond-Star_Motors" title="Diamond-Star Motors">Diamond-Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duesenberg" title="Duesenberg">Duesenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durant_Motors" title="Durant Motors">Durant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flint_(automobile)" title="Flint (automobile)">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomobile_Company_of_America" title="Locomobile Company of America">Locomobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Truck" title="Mason Truck">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_(automobile)" title="Rugby (automobile)">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_(automobile)" title="Star (automobile)">Star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Bus">Eagle Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur_(automobile)" title="Excalibur (automobile)">Excalibur</a></li> <li>FCA US <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(automobile)" title="Eagle (automobile)">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_(automobile)" title="Plymouth (automobile)">Plymouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiberfab" title="Fiberfab">Fiberfab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitch_Four_Drive" title="Fitch Four Drive">Fitch Four Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Automotive" title="Fisker Automotive">Fisker Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Coachbuild" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Coachbuild">Fisker Coachbuild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_Protection_Inc" title="Force Protection Inc">Force Protection</a></li> <li>Ford <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Mark_II" title="Continental Mark II">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsel" title="Edsel">Edsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(automobile)" title="Mercury (automobile)">Mercury</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMC_Corporation" title="FMC Corporation">FMC</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>General Motors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartercar" title="Cartercar">Cartercar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmore_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elmore (automobile)">Elmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Diesel_Division" title="General Motors Diesel Division">GM Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_(automobile)" title="Geo (automobile)">Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_(automobile)" title="LaSalle (automobile)">LaSalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette_(automobile)" title="Marquette (automobile)">Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaughlin_Motor_Car_Company" title="McLaughlin Motor Car Company">McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Motor_Car_Company" title="Oakland Motor Car Company">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Corporation" title="Saturn Corporation">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps-Booth" title="Scripps-Booth">Scripps-Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_(automobile)" title="Sheridan (automobile)">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_(automobile)" title="Viking (automobile)">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Coach_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company">Yellow Coach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goshen_Coach" title="Goshen Coach">Goshen Coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Vehicles" title="Green Vehicles">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenTech_Automotive" title="GreenTech Automotive">GreenTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henney_Kilowatt" title="Henney Kilowatt">Henney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_(automobile)" title="Jeffery (automobile)">Jeffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser-Frazer" title="Kaiser-Frazer">Kaiser-Frazer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allstate_(automobile)" title="Allstate (automobile)">Allstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazer_(automobile)" title="Frazer (automobile)">Frazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_J" title="Henry J">Henry J</a></li> <li>Kaiser</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willys" title="Willys">Willys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Motors" title="Local Motors">Local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Motor_Works" title="Marathon Motor Works">Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmon_Motor_Car_Company" title="Marmon Motor Car Company">Marmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_(automobile)" title="Roosevelt (automobile)">Roosevelt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_(automobile)" title="Marvel (automobile)">Marvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbro" title="Matbro">Matbro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_(automobile)" title="Mercer (automobile)">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Coach_Corporation" title="Monaco Coach Corporation">Monaco Coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosler_Automotive" title="Mosler Automotive">Mosler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MotoCzysz" title="MotoCzysz">MotoCzysz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntz_Car_Company" title="Muntz Car Company">Muntz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUMMI" title="NUMMI">New United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Bus_Industries" title="North American Bus Industries">North American Bus Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Farm_Equipment_Company" title="Oliver Farm Equipment Company">Oliver Farm Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peerless_Motor_Company" title="Peerless Motor Company">Peerless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company" title="Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company">Pierce-Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebring_Vanguard" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebring Vanguard">Sebring Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Trucks" title="Sterling Trucks">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erskine_(automobile)" title="Erskine (automobile)">Erskine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockne" title="Rockne">Rockne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stutz_Motor_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Stutz Motor Company">Stutz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scion_(automobile)" title="Scion (automobile)">Scion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Motor_Car_Corporation" title="Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation">Twentieth Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Defense" title="United Defense">United Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Production_Group" title="Vehicle Production Group">VPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_Vehicles" title="Visionary Vehicles">Visionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VL_Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="VL Automotive">VL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Motor_Company" title="White Motor Company">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_(motor_company)" title="Wildfire (motor company)">Wildfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAP_(motor_company)" title="ZAP (motor company)">ZAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmer_(automobile)" title="Zimmer (automobile)">Zimmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concept and <br />pre-production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Motor_Corporation" title="Alpha Motor Corporation">Alpha Motor Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptera_Motors" title="Aptera Motors">Aptera Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollinger_Motors" title="Bollinger Motors">Bollinger Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoo" title="Canoo">Canoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuter Cars">Commuter Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elio_Motors" title="Elio Motors">Elio Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_Future" title="Faraday Future">Faraday Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Inc">Fisker Inc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordstown_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Lordstown Motors">Lordstown Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myers_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Myers Motors">Myers Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Corporation" title="Nikola Corporation">Nikola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trion_Supercars" title="Trion Supercars">Trion Supercars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States" title="BMW in the United States">BMW Spartanburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chrysler_factories#Current_factories" title="List of Chrysler factories">Chrysler (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_factories#Current_production_facilities" title="List of Ford factories">Ford (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_factories#Current_factories" title="List of General Motors factories">General Motors (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Honda_assembly_plants" title="List of Honda assembly plants">Honda (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Manufacturing_Alabama" title="Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama">Hyundai (Alabama)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kia_design_and_manufacturing_facilities#Kia_Motors_Manufacturing_Georgia_(KMMG)" title="List of Kia design and manufacturing facilities">Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_U.S._International" title="Mercedes-Benz U.S. International">Mercedes-Benz (Alabama)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_of_Indiana_Automotive" title="Subaru of Indiana Automotive">Subaru (Indiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tesla_factories" title="List of Tesla factories">Tesla (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Chattanooga_Assembly_Plant" title="Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant">Volkswagen (Chattanooga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chrysler_factories#Current_factories" title="List of Chrysler factories">Chrysler (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_factories#Former_production_facilities" title="List of Ford factories">Ford (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_factories#Closed_or_sold_Factories" title="List of General Motors factories">General Motors (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packard_Automotive_Plant" title="Packard Automotive Plant">Packard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Westmoreland_Assembly" title="Volkswagen Westmoreland Assembly">Volkswagen (Westmoreland)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auto component <br />makers and <br /><a href="/wiki/Performance_car" title="Performance car">performance car</a> <br />modders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Transmission" title="Allison Transmission">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Expedition_Vehicles" title="American Expedition Vehicles">American Expedition Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptiv" title="Aptiv">Aptiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFGoodrich" title="BFGoodrich">BFGoodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BorgWarner" title="BorgWarner">BorgWarner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callaway_Cars" title="Callaway Cars">Callaway Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummins" title="Cummins">Cummins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brammo" title="Brammo">Brammo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaton_Corporation" title="Eaton Corporation">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company">Firestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Tire" title="General Tire">General Tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Tire_%26_Rubber_Company" title="Cooper Tire & Rubber Company">Cooper Tire & Rubber Company</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennessey_Performance_Engineering" title="Hennessey Performance Engineering">Hennessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingersoll_Rand" title="Ingersoll Rand">Ingersoll Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Classic_Trucks" title="Legacy Classic Trucks">Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingenfelter_Performance_Engineering" title="Lingenfelter Performance Engineering">Lingenfelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexteer_Automotive" title="Nexteer Automotive">Nexteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Motorcars" title="Phoenix Motorcars">Phoenix Motorcars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proterra_(bus_manufacturer)" title="Proterra (bus manufacturer)">Proterra (bus manufacturer)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remy_International" title="Remy International">Remy International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleen" title="Saleen">Saleen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_American" title="Shelby American">Shelby American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_and_Racing_Technology" title="Street and Racing Technology">SRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timken_Company" title="Timken Company">Timken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrington_Company" title="Torrington Company">Torrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calty_Design_Research" title="Calty Design Research">Calty Design Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designworks" title="Designworks">Designworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezvani_Motors" title="Rezvani Motors">Rezvani Automotive Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheego_Electric_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheego Electric Cars">Wheego Electric Cars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Massachusetts" title="Automotive industry in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Automobile_Association" title="American Automobile Association">AAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Auto_Show" title="Chicago Auto Show">Chicago Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobiles_manufactured_in_the_United_States" title="List of automobiles manufactured in the United States">List of automobiles manufactured in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_International_Auto_Show" title="New York International Auto Show">New York International Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_International_Auto_Show" title="North American International Auto Show">North American International Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAE_International" title="SAE International">SAE International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Non-U.S. based parent company that owns subsidiaries headquartered in U.S.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Company still exists but is no longer in the automotive manufacturing business</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Automotive industry in the United States">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Trucking industry in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Trucking industry in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trucking industry in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Motor_Carrier_Safety_Administration" title="Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration">Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_driver%27s_license" title="Commercial driver's license">Commercial driver's license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_on-board_recorder" title="Electronic on-board recorder">Electronic on-board recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bridge_Gross_Weight_Formula" title="Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula">Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hours_of_service" title="Hours of service">Hours of service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Registration_Plan" title="International Registration Plan">International Registration Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Carrier_Act_of_1980" title="Motor Carrier Act of 1980">Motor Carrier Act of 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_carrier_safety_rating" title="Motor carrier safety rating">Motor carrier safety rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Network" title="National Network">National Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Truck manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM_General" title="AM General">AM General</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_LaFrance" title="American LaFrance">American LaFrance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocar_Company" title="Autocar Company">Autocar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bering_Truck" title="Bering Truck">Bering</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremach" title="Bremach">Bremach</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brockway_Motor_Company" title="Brockway Motor Company">Brockway</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYD_Auto" title="BYD Auto">BYD Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chase_Motor_Truck_Company" title="Chase Motor Truck Company">Chase</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_Carrier_Company" title="Crane Carrier Company">CCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNH_Industrial" title="CNH Industrial">CNH Industrial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dart_(commercial_vehicle)" title="Dart (commercial vehicle)">Dart</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Reo_Trucks" title="Diamond Reo Trucks">Diamond Reo</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_T" title="Diamond T">Diamond T</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reo_Motor_Car_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Reo Motor Car Company">Reo</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DINA_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="DINA SA">Dina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodge" title="Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freightliner_Trucks" title="Freightliner Trucks">Freightliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayes_Manufacturing_Company" title="Hayes Manufacturing Company">Hayes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuso_Trucks_America" title="Fuso Trucks America">Fuso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors" title="Hino Motors">Hino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_America" title="Hyundai Motor America">Hyundai Motor America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyzon_Motors" title="Hyzon Motors">Hyzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenworth" title="Kenworth">Kenworth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marmon-Herrington" title="Marmon-Herrington">Marmon-Herrington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moreland_Motor_Truck_Company" title="Moreland Motor Truck Company">Moreland</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_Trucks" title="Mack Trucks">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterbilt" title="Peterbilt">Peterbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Trucks" title="Ram Trucks">Ram Trucks</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Selden_Motor_Vehicle_Company" title="Selden Motor Vehicle Company">Selden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schacht_(automobile)" title="Schacht (automobile)">Schacht</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyft_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Shyft Group">Shyft Group</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartan Motors">Spartan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Trucks" title="Sterling Trucks">Sterling</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Truck" title="Tiger Truck">Tiger Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traffic_Motor_Truck_Corporation" title="Traffic Motor Truck Corporation">Traffic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UD_Trucks" title="UD Trucks">UD Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIA_Motors" title="VIA Motors">VIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Trucks" title="Volvo Trucks">Volvo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ward_LaFrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward LaFrance">Ward LaFrance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Star_Trucks" title="Western Star Trucks">Western Star</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Motor_Company" title="White Motor Company">White</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workhorse_Group" title="Workhorse Group">Workhorse Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engine manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummins" title="Cummins">Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_Trucks" title="Mack Trucks">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">MaxxForce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Trucks" title="Volvo Trucks">Volvo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trailer manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daseke" title="Daseke">Daseke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmon_Group" title="Marmon Group">Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruehauf" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruehauf">Fruehauf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dane_Trailers" title="Great Dane Trailers">Great Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai Translead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufkin_Industries" title="Lufkin Industries">Lufkin Trailers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_Trailer_Manufacturing_Company" title="Utility Trailer Manufacturing Company">Utility Trailer Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Marine_Containers" title="China International Marine Containers">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_National" title="Wabash National">Wabash National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Trailer_Company" title="Wilson Trailer Company">Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motor carriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Truckload_shipping" title="Truckload shipping">Truckload</a> carriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Averitt_Express" title="Averitt Express">Averitt Express</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celadon_Group" title="Celadon Group">Celadon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_Freighters_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Contract Freighters Inc.">CFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenant Transport">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRST" class="mw-redirect" title="CRST">CRST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFE_Transportation" title="FFE Transportation">FFE Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Hunt" title="J. B. Hunt">J. B. Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-Swift" title="Knight-Swift">Knight-Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landstar_System" title="Landstar System">Landstar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAM_Transport" title="PAM Transport">PAM Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Transportation" title="Patriot Transportation">Patriot Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roehl_Transport" title="Roehl Transport">Roehl Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneider_National" title="Schneider National">Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_Transportation" title="Swift Transportation">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Enterprises" title="Werner Enterprises">Werner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Express,_Inc." title="Western Express, Inc.">Western Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTI_Transport" title="WTI Transport">WTI Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Less-than-truckload_shipping" title="Less-than-truckload shipping">Less than truckload (LTL)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABF_Freight_System" title="ABF Freight System">ABF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averitt_Express" title="Averitt Express">Averitt Express</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Con-way_Freight" title="Con-way Freight">Con-way Freight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Freightways" title="Consolidated Freightways">Consolidated Freightways</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Express_Lines" title="Estes Express Lines">Estes Express Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_England_Motor_Freight" title="New England Motor Freight">New England Motor Freight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Dominion_Freight_Line" title="Old Dominion Freight Line">Old Dominion Freight Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%2BL_Carriers" title="R+L Carriers">R+L Carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saia" title="Saia">Saia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Freight_Lines" title="Southeastern Freight Lines">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TForce_Freight" title="TForce Freight">TForce Freight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPO,_Inc." title="XPO, Inc.">XPO, Inc.</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Corporation" title="Yellow Corporation">Yellow Corporation</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_logistics" title="Third-party logistics">Third-party logistics</a> providers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Access_America_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Access America Transport">Access America Transport</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Lamprecht_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="American Lamprecht Transport">American Lamprecht Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.H._Robinson" title="C.H. Robinson">C.H. Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freightquote" title="Freightquote">Freightquote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CaseStack" title="CaseStack">CaseStack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryder" title="Ryder">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Quality_Logistics" title="Total Quality Logistics">Total Quality Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailer_Bridge" title="Trailer Bridge">Trailer Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPO,_Inc." title="XPO, Inc.">XPO, Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Package_delivery" title="Package delivery">National parcel</a> carriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHL" title="DHL">DHL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines#Greyhound_Package_Express" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional parcel carriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GLS_Group" title="GLS Group">GLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserShip" class="mw-redirect" title="LaserShip">LaserShip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSO_(company)" title="LSO (company)">LSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnTrac" title="OnTrac">OnTrac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moving_company" title="Moving company">Moving companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Van_Lines" title="Allied Van Lines">Allied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Van_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas Van Lines">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekins_Van_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Bekins Van Lines">Bekins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentle_Giant_Moving_Company" title="Gentle Giant Moving Company">Gentle Giant Moving Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Van_Lines" title="Global Van Lines">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Van_Lines" title="Interstate Van Lines">Interstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Transit" title="Mayflower Transit">Mayflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Van_Lines" title="National Van Lines">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Van_Lines" title="North American Van Lines">North American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PODS_(company)" title="PODS (company)">PODS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Men_and_a_Truck" title="Two Men and a Truck">Two Men and a Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Van_Lines" title="United Van Lines">United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_World_Wide_Moving" title="Wheaton World Wide Moving">Wheaton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Truck_stop" title="Truck stop">Truck stops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BETO_Junction" title="BETO Junction">BETO Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowlin_Travel_Centers" title="Bowlin Travel Centers">Bowlin Travel Centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_Travel_Plaza" title="Dixie Travel Plaza">Dixie Travel Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_80" title="Iowa 80">Iowa 80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love%27s" title="Love's">Love's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_Flying_J" title="Pilot Flying J">Pilot Flying J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Ranger" title="Road Ranger">Road Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roady%27s_Truck_Stops" title="Roady's Truck Stops">Roady's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TravelCenters_of_America" title="TravelCenters of America">TravelCenters of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Pump" title="Town Pump">Town Pump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Smith" title="Frederick W. Smith">Frederick W. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyman_Faris" title="Iyman Faris">Iyman Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Harwood_Cochrane" title="J. Harwood Cochrane">J. Harwood Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hoffa" title="Jimmy Hoffa">Jimmy Hoffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Bryan_Hunt" title="Johnnie Bryan Hunt">John Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Hunter_Jesperson" title="Keith Hunter Jesperson">Keith Jesperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Reno" title="Kelly Reno">Kelly Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Reginald_Denny" title="Attack on Reginald Denny">Reginald Denny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Moving_%26_Storage_Association" title="American Moving & Storage Association">American Moving & Storage Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Trucking_Associations" title="American Trucking Associations">American Trucking Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAT_Solutions" title="DAT Solutions">DAT Solutions</a> (Dial-A-Truck)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Teamsters" title="International Brotherhood of Teamsters">International Brotherhood of Teamsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Motor_Freight_Classification" title="National Motor Freight Classification">National Motor Freight Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Motor_Freight_Traffic_Association" title="National Motor Freight Traffic Association">National Motor Freight Traffic Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Private_Truck_Council" title="National Private Truck Council">National Private Truck Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartWay_Transport_Partnership" title="SmartWay Transport Partnership">SmartWay Transport Partnership</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_American_trucking_industry" title="Glossary of the American trucking industry">Glossary of the American trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_American_culture" title="Trucking industry in American culture">Popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Dog_(1998_film)" title="Black Dog (1998 film)">Black Dog</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breakdown_(1997_film)" title="Breakdown (1997 film)">Breakdown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breaker!_Breaker!" title="Breaker! Breaker!">Breaker! Breaker!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Convoy_(1978_film)" title="Convoy (1978 film)">Convoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duel_(1971_film)" title="Duel (1971 film)">Duel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F.I.S.T._(film)" title="F.I.S.T. (film)">F.I.S.T.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-Ballin%27" title="High-Ballin'">High-Ballin'</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joy_Ride_(2001_film)" title="Joy Ride (2001 film)">Joy Ride</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maximum_Overdrive" title="Maximum Overdrive">Maximum Overdrive</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Over_the_Top_(1987_film)" title="Over the Top (1987 film)">Over The Top</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smokey_%26_the_Bandit" class="mw-redirect" title="Smokey & the Bandit">Smokey & the Bandit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_Drive_by_Night" title="They Drive by Night">They Drive by Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gang%27s_All_Here_(1941_film)" title="The Gang's All Here (1941 film)">The Gang's All Here</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Smokey_Roadblock" title="The Great Smokey Roadblock">The Great Smokey Roadblock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trucker_(film)" title="Trucker (film)">Trucker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Line_Fever_(film)" title="White Line Fever (film)">White Line Fever</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Loggers" title="American Loggers">American Loggers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Trucker" title="American Trucker">American Trucker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B._J._and_the_Bear" title="B. J. and the Bear">B. J. and the Bear</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ice_Road_Truckers" title="Ice Road Truckers">Ice Road Truckers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Movin%27_On_(TV_series)" title="Movin' On (TV series)">Movin' On</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trick_My_Truck" title="Trick My Truck">Trick My Truck</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Tombstone_Every_Mile" title="A Tombstone Every Mile">A Tombstone Every Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Wheels_in_the_Moonlight" title="Big Wheels in the Moonlight">Big Wheels in the Moonlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Jean_(Little_Sister)" title="Bonnie Jean (Little Sister)">Bonnie Jean (Little Sister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convoy_(song)" title="Convoy (song)">Convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drivin%27_My_Life_Away" title="Drivin' My Life Away">Drivin' My Life Away</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bound_and_Down" title="East Bound and Down">East Bound and Down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Wheels_and_a_Dozen_Roses" title="Eighteen Wheels and a Dozen Roses">Eighteen Wheels and a Dozen Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giddyup_Go" title="Giddyup Go">Giddyup Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_on_the_Billboard" title="Girl on the Billboard">Girl on the Billboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movin%27_On_(Merle_Haggard_song)" title="Movin' On (Merle Haggard song)">Movin' On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Loved_Mama" title="Papa Loved Mama">Papa Loved Mama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_309" title="Phantom 309">Phantom 309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_On_Big_Mama" title="Roll On Big Mama">Roll On Big Mama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_On_(Eighteen_Wheeler)" title="Roll On (Eighteen Wheeler)">Roll On (Eighteen Wheeler)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Days_on_the_Road" title="Six Days on the Road">Six Days on the Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Bear_(Red_Sovine_song)" title="Teddy Bear (Red Sovine song)">Teddy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_Knight_(Cledus_Maggard_song)" title="The White Knight (Cledus Maggard song)">The White Knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Sommers" title="Dale Sommers">Dale Sommers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Eye_Radio" title="Red Eye Radio">Red Eye</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bill_Mack_(songwriter)" title="Bill Mack (songwriter)">Bill Mack</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Dog_Trucking" title="Road Dog Trucking">Road Dog Trucking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dave_Nemo" title="Dave Nemo">Dave Nemo</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/18_Wheeler:_American_Pro_Trucker" title="18 Wheeler: American Pro Trucker">18 Wheeler: American Pro Trucker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/18_Wheels_of_Steel" title="18 Wheels of Steel">18 Wheels of Steel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Truck_Simulator" title="American Truck Simulator">American Truck Simulator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rig_%27n%27_Roll" title="Rig 'n' Roll">Rig 'n' Roll</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Rigs:_Over_the_Road_Racing" title="Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing">Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_band_radio" title="Citizens band radio">Citizens band radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Memorial" title="The Rolling Memorial">The Rolling Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:97%;">Note: Defunct companies are shown in <i>italics</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UK_milk_float_manufacturers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_milk_float_manufacturers" title="Template:UK milk float manufacturers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_milk_float_manufacturers" title="Template talk:UK milk float manufacturers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_milk_float_manufacturers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK milk float manufacturers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UK_milk_float_manufacturers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">UK milk float manufacturers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milk_float" title="Milk float">Milk float</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluebird_Automotive" title="Bluebird Automotive">Bluebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_Traction" title="Brush Traction">Brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graiseley_Electric_Vehicles" title="Graiseley Electric Vehicles">Graiseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbilt_Electric_Trucks" title="Harbilt Electric Trucks">Harbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helecs_Vehicles" title="Helecs Vehicles">Helecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Electruk" title="Lewis Electruk">Lewis Electruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manulectric" title="Manulectric">Manulectric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrovick_electric_vehicles" title="Metrovick electric vehicles">MetroVick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_Electric_Vehicles" title="Midland Electric Vehicles">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison-Electricar" title="Morrison-Electricar">Morrison-Electricar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Auto_Engineering" title="Ross Auto Engineering">Ross</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Smith's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Sunbeam Commercial Vehicles">Sunbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomlinson_Electric_Vehicles" title="Tomlinson Electric Vehicles">Tomlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Electrics" title="Victor Electrics">Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_%26_Edwards" title="Wales & Edwards">Wales & Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partridge_Wilson_Engineering" title="Partridge Wilson Engineering">Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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