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Hall</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: James Hall"> <meta name="keywords" content="James Hall"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="James Hall"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 536</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: James Hall</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">536</span> Development of a Very High Sensitivity Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Planar Hall Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Roy">Arnab Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Anil%20Kumar"> P. S. Anil Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hall bar magnetic field sensors based on planar hall effect were fabricated from permalloy (Ni¬80Fe20) thin films grown by pulsed laser ablation. As large as 400% planar Hall voltage change was observed for a magnetic field sweep within ±4 Oe, a value comparable with present day TMR sensors at room temperature. A very large planar Hall sensitivity of 1200 Ω/T was measured close to switching fields, which was not obtained so far apart from 2DEG Hall sensors. In summary, a highly sensitive low magnetic field sensor has been constructed which has the added advantage of simple architecture, good signal to noise ratio and robustness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planar%20hall%20effect" title="planar hall effect">planar hall effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permalloy" title=" permalloy"> permalloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiFe" title=" NiFe"> NiFe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulsed%20laser%20ablation" title=" pulsed laser ablation"> pulsed laser ablation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20magnetic%20field%20sensor" title=" low magnetic field sensor"> low magnetic field sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20sensitivity%20magnetic%20field%20sensor" title=" high sensitivity magnetic field sensor"> high sensitivity magnetic field sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17435/development-of-a-very-high-sensitivity-magnetic-field-sensor-based-on-planar-hall-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">535</span> A CMOS-Integrated Hall Plate with High Sensitivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Sup%20Kim">Jin Sup Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Seo"> Min Seo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An improved cross-shaped hall plate with high sensitivity is described in this paper. Among different geometries that have been simulated and measured using Helmholtz coil. The paper describes the physical hall plate design and implementation in a 0.18-µm CMOS technology. In this paper, the biasing is a constant voltage mode. In the voltage mode, magnetic field is converted into an output voltage. The output voltage is typically in the order of micro- to millivolt and therefore, it must be amplified before being transmitted to the outside world. The study, design and performance optimization of hall plate has been carried out with the COMSOL Multiphysics. It is used to estimate the voltage distribution in the hall plate with and without magnetic field and to optimize the geometry. The simulation uses the nominal bias current of 1mA. The applied magnetic field is in the range from 0 mT to 20 mT. Measured results of the one structure over the 10 available samples show for the best sensitivity of 2.5 %/T at 20mT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-shaped%20hall%20plate" title="cross-shaped hall plate">cross-shaped hall plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity" title=" sensitivity"> sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS%20technology" title=" CMOS technology"> CMOS technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helmholtz%20coil" title=" Helmholtz coil"> Helmholtz coil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79041/a-cmos-integrated-hall-plate-with-high-sensitivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">534</span> Power Reduction of Hall-Effect Sensor by Pulse Width Modulation of Spinning-Current</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyungil%20Chae">Hyungil Chae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents a method to reduce spinning current of a Hall-effect sensor for low-power magnetic sensor applications. Spinning current of a Hall-effect sensor changes the direction of bias current periodically and can separate signals from DC-offset. The bias current is proportional to the sensor sensitivity but also increases the power consumption. To achieve both high sensitivity and low power consumption, the bias current can be pulse-width modulated. When the bias current duration Tb is reduced by a factor of N compared to the spinning current period of Tₛ/2, the total power consumption can be saved by N times. N can be large as long as the Hall-effect sensor settles down within Tb. The proposed scheme is implemented and simulated in a 0.18um CMOS process, and the power saving factor is 9.6 when N is 10. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (20160001360022003, Development of Hall Semi-conductor for Smart Car and Device). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chopper%20stabilization" title="chopper stabilization">chopper stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hall-effect%20sensor" title=" Hall-effect sensor"> Hall-effect sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20width%20modulation" title=" pulse width modulation"> pulse width modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinning%20current" title=" spinning current"> spinning current</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83742/power-reduction-of-hall-effect-sensor-by-pulse-width-modulation-of-spinning-current" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">533</span> Lookup Table Reduction and Its Error Analysis of Hall Sensor-Based Rotation Angle Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-San%20Shin">Young-San Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seongsoo%20Lee"> Seongsoo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hall sensor is widely used to measure rotation angle. When the Hall voltage is measured for linear displacement, it is converted to angular displacement using arctangent function, which requires a large lookup table. In this paper, a lookup table reduction technique is presented for angle measurement. When the input of the lookup table is small within a certain threshold, the change of the outputs with respect to the change of the inputs is relatively small. Thus, several inputs can share same output, which significantly reduce the lookup table size. Its error analysis was also performed, and the threshold was determined so as to maintain the error less than 1°. When the Hall voltage has 11-bit resolution, the lookup table size is reduced from 1,024 samples to 279 samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hall%20sensor" title="hall sensor">hall sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angle%20measurement" title=" angle measurement"> angle measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lookup%20table" title=" lookup table"> lookup table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arctangent" title=" arctangent"> arctangent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60862/lookup-table-reduction-and-its-error-analysis-of-hall-sensor-based-rotation-angle-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">532</span> Field-Free Orbital Hall Current-Induced Deterministic Switching in the MO/Co₇₁Gd₂₉/Ru Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelalem%20Abebe%20Bekele">Zelalem Abebe Bekele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun%20Lei"> Kun Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiukai%20Lan"> Xiukai Lan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangyu%20Liu"> Xiangyu Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Wen"> Hui Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaiyou%20Wang"> Kaiyou Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spin-polarized currents offer an efficient means of manipulating the magnetization of a ferromagnetic layer for big data and neuromorphic computing. Research has shown that the orbital Hall effect (OHE) can produce orbital currents, potentially surpassing the counter spin currents induced by the spin Hall effect. However, it’s essential to note that orbital currents alone cannot exert torque directly on a ferromagnetic layer, necessitating a conversion process from orbital to spin currents. Here, we present an efficient method for achieving perpendicularly magnetized spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching by harnessing the localized orbital Hall current generated from a Mo layer within a Mo/CoGd device. Our investigation reveals a remarkable enhancement in the interface-induced planar Hall effect (PHE) within the Mo/CoGd bilayer, resulting in the generation of a z-polarized planar current for manipulating the magnetization of CoGd layer without the need for an in-plane magnetic field. Furthermore, the Mo layer induces out-of-plane orbital current, boosting the in-plane and out-of-plane spin polarization by converting the orbital current into spin current within the dual-property CoGd layer. At the optimal Mo layer thickness, a low critical magnetization switching current density of 2.51×10⁶ A cm⁻² is achieved. This breakthrough opens avenues for all-electrical control energy-efficient magnetization switching through orbital current, advancing the field of spin-orbitronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin-orbit%20torque" title="spin-orbit torque">spin-orbit torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20hall%20effect" title=" orbital hall effect"> orbital hall effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20hall%20current" title=" spin hall current"> spin hall current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20hall%20current" title=" orbital hall current"> orbital hall current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface-generated%20planar%20hall%20current" title=" interface-generated planar hall current"> interface-generated planar hall current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20magnetoresistance" title=" anisotropic magnetoresistance"> anisotropic magnetoresistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182198/field-free-orbital-hall-current-induced-deterministic-switching-in-the-moco71gd29ru-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">531</span> Analysis of Vertical Hall Effect Device Using Current-Mode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Jin%20Sup">Kim Jin Sup</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a vertical hall effect device using current-mode. Among different geometries that have been studied and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics, optimized cross-shaped model displayed the best sensitivity. The cross-shaped model emerged as the optimum plate to fit the lowest noise and residual offset and the best sensitivity. The symmetrical cross-shaped hall plate is widely used because of its high sensitivity and immunity to alignment tolerances resulting from the fabrication process. The hall effect device has been designed using a 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The simulation uses the nominal bias current of 12μA. The applied magnetic field is from 0 mT to 20 mT. Simulation results achieved in COMSOL and validated with respect to the electrical behavior of equivalent circuit for Cadence. Simulation results of the one structure over the 13 available samples shows for the best geometry a current-mode sensitivity of 6.6 %/T at 20mT. Acknowledgment: This work was supported by Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. R7117-16-0165, Development of Hall Effect Semiconductor for Smart Car and Device). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20hall%20device" title="vertical hall device">vertical hall device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current-mode" title=" current-mode"> current-mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crossed-shaped%20model" title=" crossed-shaped model"> crossed-shaped model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS%20technology" title=" CMOS technology"> CMOS technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59413/analysis-of-vertical-hall-effect-device-using-current-mode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">530</span> Metal Layer Based Vertical Hall Device in a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Mi%20Lim">Se-Mi Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won-Jae%20Jung"> Won-Jae Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Sup%20Kim"> Jin-Sup Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Seok%20Park"> Jun-Seok Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung-Il%20Chae"> Hyung-Il Chae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a current-mode vertical hall device (VHD) structure using metal layers in a CMOS process. The proposed metal layer based vertical hall device (MLVHD) utilizes vertical connection among metal layers (from M1 to the top metal) to facilitate hall effect. The vertical metal structure unit flows a bias current Ibias from top to bottom, and an external magnetic field changes the current distribution by Lorentz force. The asymmetric current distribution can be detected by two differential-mode current outputs on each side at the bottom (M1), and each output sinks Ibias/2 ± Ihall. A single vertical metal structure generates only a small amount of hall effect of Ihall due to the short length from M1 to the top metal as well as the low conductivity of the metal, and a series connection between thousands of vertical structure units can solve the problem by providing NxIhall. The series connection between two units is another vertical metal structure flowing current in the opposite direction, and generates negative hall effect. To mitigate the negative hall effect from the series connection, the differential current outputs at the bottom (M1) from one unit merges on the top metal level of the other unit. The proposed MLVHD is simulated in a 3-dimensional model simulator in COMSOL Multiphysics, with 0.35 μm CMOS process parameters. The simulated MLVHD unit size is (W) 10 μm × (L) 6 μm × (D) 10 μm. In this paper, we use an MLVHD with 10 units; the overall hall device size is (W) 10 μm × (L)78 μm × (D) 10 μm. The COMSOL simulation result is as following: the maximum hall current is approximately 2 μA with a 12 μA bias current and 100mT magnetic field; This work was supported by Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion(IITP) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP) (No.R7117-16-0165, Development of Hall Effect Semiconductor for Smart Car and Device). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20hall%20device" title=" vertical hall device"> vertical hall device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20mode" title=" current mode"> current mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COMSOL" title=" COMSOL"> COMSOL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60363/metal-layer-based-vertical-hall-device-in-a-complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">529</span> Exploring Spin Reorientation Transition and Berry Curvature Driven Anomalous Hall Effect in Quasi-2D vdW Ferromagnet Fe4GeTe2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyabrata%20Bera">Satyabrata Bera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mintu%20Mondal"> Mintu Mondal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials have garnered significant attention due to their potential to host intriguing scientific phenomena such as the anomalous Hall effect, anomalous Nernst effect, and high transport spin polarization. This study focuses on the investigation of air-stable van der Waals(vdW) ferromagnets, FeGeTe₂ (FₙGT with n = 3, 4, and 5). Particular emphasis is placed on the Fe4GeTe2 (F4GT) compound, which exhibits a complex and fascinating magnetic behavior characterized by two distinct transitions: (i) paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) around T C ∼ 270 K, and (ii) another spins reorientation transition (SRT) at T SRT ∼ 100 K . Scaling analysis of magnetocaloric effect confirms the second-order character of the ferromagnetic transition, while the same analysis at T SRT suggests that SRT is first-order phase transition. Moreover, the F4GT exhibits a large anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC), ∼ 490 S/cm at 2 K . The near-quadratic behavior of the anomalous Hall resistivity with the longitudinal resistivity suggests that a dominant AHC contribution arises from an intrinsic Berry curvature (BC) mechanism. Electronic structure calculations reveal a significant BC resulting from SOC-induced gapped nodal lines around the Fermi level, thereby giving rise to large AHC. Additionally, we reported exceptionally large anomalous Hall angle (≃ 10.6%) and Hall factor (≃ 0.22 V −1 ) values, the largest observed within this vdW family. The findings presented here, provide valuable insights into the fascinating magnetic and transport properties of 2D ferromagnetic materials, in particular, FₙGT family. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20vdW%20ferromagnet" title="2D vdW ferromagnet">2D vdW ferromagnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20reorientation%20transition" title=" spin reorientation transition"> spin reorientation transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomalous%20hall%20effect" title=" anomalous hall effect"> anomalous hall effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=berry%20curvature" title=" berry curvature"> berry curvature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178827/exploring-spin-reorientation-transition-and-berry-curvature-driven-anomalous-hall-effect-in-quasi-2d-vdw-ferromagnet-fe4gete2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">528</span> Resistive Instability in a Multi Ions Hall Thrusters Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhmander%20Singh">Sukhmander Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hall thrusters are preferred over chemical thrusters because of its high exhaust velocity (around 10 times higher) and high specific impulse. The propellant Xenon is ionized inside the channel and controlled by the magnetic field. The strength of the magnetic field is such that only electrons get magnetized and ions remain unmagnetized because of larger Larmor radius as compared with the length of the channel of the device. There is quite a possibility of the existence of multi ions in a Hall thruster plasma because of dust contribution or another process which take place in the chamber. In this paper, we have derived the dispersion relation for multi ions resistive instability in a hall plasma. The analytical approach is also used to find out the propagating speed and the growth rate of the instability. In addition, some growing waves are also found to exist in the plasma. The dispersion relation is solved numerically to see the behavior of the instability with the plasma parameters viz, the temperature of plasma species, wave number, drift velocity, collision frequency, magnetic field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instability" title="instability">instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resisitive" title=" resisitive"> resisitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrusters" title=" thrusters"> thrusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waves" title=" waves"> waves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108866/resistive-instability-in-a-multi-ions-hall-thrusters-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">527</span> Study and Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety in Power Plant in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saira%20Iqbal">Saira Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Occupational Health and Safety issues nowadays have become an important esteem in the context of Industrial Production. This study is designed to measure the workplace hazards at Kohinoor Energy Limited. Mainly focused hazards were Heat Stress, Noise Level, Light Level and Ergonomics. Measurements for parameters like Wet, Dry, Globe, WBGTi and RH% were taken directly by visiting the Study Area. The temperature in Degrees was recoded at Control Room and Engine Hall. Highest Temperature was recoded in Engine Hall which was about 380C. Efforts were made to record emissions of Noise Levels from the main area of concern like Engines in Engine hall, parking area, and mechanical workshop. Permissible level for measuring Noise is 85 and its Unit of Measurement is dB (A). In Engine Hall Noise was very high which was about 109.6 dB (A) and that level was exceeding the limits. Illumination Level was also recorded at different areas of Power Plant. The light level was though under permissible limits but in some areas like Engine Hall and Boiler Room, level of light was very low especially in Engine Hall where the level was 29 lx. Practices were performed for measuring hazards in context of ergonomics like extended reaching, deviated body postures, mechanical stress, and vibration exposures of the worker at different units of plants by just observing workers during working hours. Since KEL is ISO 8000 and 14000 certified, the researcher found no serious problems in the parameter Ergonomics however it was a common scenario that workers were reluctant to apply PPEs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20hazards" title="workplace hazards">workplace hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20hazard" title=" heat hazard"> heat hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20hazard" title=" noise hazard"> noise hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illumination" title=" illumination"> illumination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title=" ergonomics"> ergonomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45671/study-and-evaluation-of-occupational-health-and-safety-in-power-plant-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">526</span> Visual Impairment Through Contextualized Lived Experiences: The Story of James</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jentel%20Van%20Havermaet">Jentel Van Havermaet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geert%20Van%20Hove"> Geert Van Hove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisabeth%20De%20Schauwer"> Elisabeth De Schauwer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study re-conceptualizes visual impairment in the interdependent context of James, his family, and allies. Living with a visual impairment is understood as an entanglement of assemblages, dynamics, disablism, systems… We narrated this diffractively into two meaningful events: decisions and processes on (inclusive) education and hinderances in connecting with others. We entangled and (un)raveled lived experiences in assemblages in which the contextualized meaning of visual impairment became more clearly. The contextualized narrative of James interwove complex intra-actions; showed the complexity and contextualization of entangled relationalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability%20studies" title="disability studies">disability studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contextualization" title=" contextualization"> contextualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20impairment" title=" visual impairment"> visual impairment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assemblage" title=" assemblage"> assemblage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entanglement" title=" entanglement"> entanglement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lived%20experiences" title=" lived experiences"> lived experiences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146643/visual-impairment-through-contextualized-lived-experiences-the-story-of-james" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">525</span> Georgiana G. King’s the Way of Saint James a Pioneer Cultural Guide of a Pilgrimage Route</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20Pita%20Gal%C3%A1n">Paula Pita Galán</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1920 Georgiana Goddard King, an Art Historian and Professor at Bryn Mawr College (PA, USA) published The Way of Saint James (New York: P.G. Putnam’s Sons), one of the earliest modern guides of this pilgrimage route. In its three volumes the author described the towns and villages crossed by the Camino, talking about the history, traditions, monuments, and the people that she had met during her own pilgrimage between 1911 and 1914, travelling with funds of the Hispanic Society of New York. The cultural interest that motivated the journey explains how King intertwines in her narration history, anthropology, geography, art history and religion, giving as a result a book targeted to intellectuals, curious travelers and tourist rather than to pilgrims, in a moment in which the pilgrimage to Santiago had almost disappeared as a practice. The Way of Saint James is barely known nowadays so the aim of this research is disseminate it, focusing on the modernity of its approach and pointing at the link that it has with Georgiana King’s understanding of art as a product of the culture and civilization that produces it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spanish%20cultural%20heritage" title="Spanish cultural heritage">Spanish cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgiana%20Goddard%20king" title=" Georgiana Goddard king"> Georgiana Goddard king</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilgrimage" title=" pilgrimage"> pilgrimage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20way%20of%20Saint%20James" title=" the way of Saint James"> the way of Saint James</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150861/georgiana-g-kings-the-way-of-saint-james-a-pioneer-cultural-guide-of-a-pilgrimage-route" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">524</span> Short-Term Operation Planning for Energy Management of Exhibition Hall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yooncheol%20Lee">Yooncheol Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeongmin%20Kim"> Jeongmin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang%20Ryel%20Ryu"> Kwang Ryel Ryu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the establishment of a short-term operational plan for an air conditioner for efficient energy management of exhibition hall. The short-term operational plan is composed of a time series of operational schedules, which we have searched using genetic algorithms. Establishing operational schedule should be considered the future trends of the variables affecting the exhibition hall environment. To reflect continuously changing factors such as external temperature and occupant, short-term operational plans should be updated in real time. But it takes too much time to evaluate a short-term operational plan using EnergyPlus, a building emulation tool. For that reason, it is difficult to update the operational plan in real time. To evaluate the short-term operational plan, we designed prediction models based on machine learning with fast evaluation speed. This model, which was created by learning the past operational data, is accurate and fast. The collection of operational data and the verification of operational plans were made using EnergyPlus. Experimental results show that the proposed method can save energy compared to the reactive control method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhibition%20hall" title="exhibition hall">exhibition hall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management" title=" energy management"> energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20model" title=" predictive model"> predictive model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation-based%20optimization" title=" simulation-based optimization"> simulation-based optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82946/short-term-operation-planning-for-energy-management-of-exhibition-hall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">523</span> Electrical Properties of CVD-Graphene on SiC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Jabakhanji">Bilal Jabakhanji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitris%20Kazazis"> Dimitris Kazazis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrien%20Michon"> Adrien Michon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20Consejo"> Christophe Consejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilfried%20Desrat"> Wilfried Desrat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benoit%20Jouault"> Benoit Jouault</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we investigate the electrical properties of graphene grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) on the Si face of SiC substrates. Depending on the growth condition, hole or electron doping can be achieved, down to a few 1011cm−2. The high homogeneity of the graphene and the low intrinsic carrier concentration, allow the remarkable observation of the Half Integer Quantum Hall Effect, typical of graphene, at the centimeter scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title="graphene">graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20hall%20effect" title=" quantum hall effect"> quantum hall effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20vapor" title=" chemical vapor"> chemical vapor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20carbide" title=" silicon carbide"> silicon carbide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18647/electrical-properties-of-cvd-graphene-on-sic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">667</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">522</span> Learning Predictive Models for Efficient Energy Management of Exhibition Hall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeongmin%20Kim">Jeongmin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunju%20Lee"> Eunju Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang%20Ryel%20Ryu"> Kwang Ryel Ryu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the problem of predictive control for energy management of large-scaled exhibition halls, where a lot of energy is consumed to maintain internal atmosphere under certain required conditions. Predictive control achieves better energy efficiency by optimizing the operation of air-conditioning facilities with not only the current but also some future status taken into account. In this paper, we propose to use predictive models learned from past sensor data of hall environment, for use in optimizing the operating plan for the air-conditioning facilities by simulating future environmental change. We have implemented an emulator of an exhibition hall by using EnergyPlus, a widely used building energy emulation tool, to collect data for learning environment-change models. Experimental results show that the learned models predict future change highly accurately on a short-term basis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20control" title="predictive control">predictive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management" title=" energy management"> energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59405/learning-predictive-models-for-efficient-energy-management-of-exhibition-hall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">521</span> Strategies of Translation: Unlocking the Secret of 'Locksley Hall'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Lahiani">Raja Lahiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 'Locksley Hall' is a poem that Lord Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) published in 1842. It is believed to be his first attempt to face as a poet some of the most painful of his experiences, as it is a study of his rising out of sickness into health, conquering his selfish sorrow by faith and hope. So far, in Victorian scholarship as in modern criticism, 'Locksley Hall' has been studied and approached as a canonical Victorian English poem. The aim of this project is to prove that some strategies of translation were used in this poem in such a way as to guarantee its assimilation into the English canon and hence efface to a large extent its Arabic roots. In its relationship with its source text, 'Locksley Hall' is at the same time mimetic and imitative. As part of the terminology used in translation studies, ‘imitation’ means almost the exact opposite of what it means in ordinary English. By adopting an imitative procedure, a translator would do something totally different from the original author, wandering far and freely from the words and sense of the original text. An imitation is thus aimed at an audience which wants the work of the particular translator rather than the work of the original poet. Hallam Tennyson, the poet’s biographer, asserts that 'Locksley Hall' is a simple invention of place, incidents, and people, though he notes that he remembers the poet claiming that Sir William Jones’ prose translation of the Mu‘allaqat (pre-Islamic poems) gave him the idea of the poem. A comparative work would prove that 'Locksley Hall' mirrors a great deal of Tennyson’s biography and hence is not a simple invention of details as asserted by his biographer. It would be challenging to prove that 'Locksley Hall' shares so many details with the Mu‘allaqat, as declared by Tennyson himself, that it needs to be studied as an imitation of the Mu‘allaqat of Imru’ al-Qays and ‘Antara in addition to its being a poem in its own right. Thus, the main aim of this work is to unveil the imitative and mimetic strategies used by Tennyson in his composition of 'Locksley Hall.' It is equally important that this project researches the acculturating assimilative tools used by the poet to root his poem in its Victorian English literary, cultural and spatiotemporal settings. This work adopts a comparative methodology. Comparison is done at different levels. The poem will be contextualized in its Victorian English literary framework. Alien details related to structure, socio-spatial setting, imagery and sound effects shall be compared to Arabic poems from the Mu‘allaqat collection. This would determine whether the poem is a translation, an adaption, an imitation or a genuine work. The ultimate objective of the project is to unveil in this canonical poem a new dimension that has for long been either marginalized or ignored. By proving that 'Locksley Hall' is an imitation of classical Arabic poetry, the project aspires to consolidate its literary value and open up new gates of accessing it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20literature" title="comparative literature">comparative literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imitation" title=" imitation"> imitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Locksley%20Hall" title=" Locksley Hall"> Locksley Hall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lord%20Alfred%20Tennyson" title=" Lord Alfred Tennyson"> Lord Alfred Tennyson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation" title=" translation"> translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victorian%20poetry" title=" Victorian poetry"> Victorian poetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90519/strategies-of-translation-unlocking-the-secret-of-locksley-hall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">520</span> A Voice Retrieved from the Holocaust in New Journalism in Kazuo Ishiguro's the Remains of the Day</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masami%20Usui">Masami Usui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day (1989) underlines another holocaust, an imprisonment of human life, dignity, and self in the globalizing sphere of the twentieth century. The Remains of the Day delineates the invisible and cruel space of “lost and found” in the postcolonial and post-imperial discourse of this century, that is, the Holocaust. The context of the concentration camp or wartime imprisonment such as Auschwitz is transplanted into the public sphere of modern England, Darlington Hall. The voice is retrieved and expressed by the young journalist and heir of Darlington Hall, Mr. David Cardinal. The new media of journalism is an intruder at Darlington Hall and plays a role in revealing the wrongly-input ideology. “Lost and Found” consists of the private and public retrieved voices. Stevens’ journey in 1956 is a return to the past, especially the period between 1935 and 1936. Lost time is retrieved on his journey; yet lost life cannot be revived entirely in his remains of life. The supreme days of Darlington Hall are the terrifying days caused by the Nazis. Fascism, terrorism, and militarism destroyed the wholesomeness of the globe. Into blind Stevens, both Miss Kenton and Mr. Cardinal bring out the common issue, that is, the political conflicts caused by Nazis. Miss Kenton expresses her own ideas against anti-Semitism regarding the Jewish maids in the crucial time when Sir Oswald Mosley’s Blackshirts organization attacked the Anglo Jews between 1935 and 1936. Miss Kenton’s half-muted statement is reinforced and assured by Cardinal in his mention of the 1934 Olympic Rally threatened by Mosley’s Blackshirts. Cardinal’s invasion of Darlington Hall embodies the increasing tension of international politics related to World War II. Darlington Hall accommodates the crucial political issue that definitely influences the fate of the house, its residents, and the nation itself and that is retrieved in the newly progressive and established media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20English%20literature" title="modern English literature">modern English literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture%20studies" title=" culture studies"> culture studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history" title=" history"> history</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26270/a-voice-retrieved-from-the-holocaust-in-new-journalism-in-kazuo-ishiguros-the-remains-of-the-day" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">519</span> Non-Invasive Techniques for Management of Carious Primary Dentition Using Silver Diamine Fluoride and Moringa Extract as a Modification of the Hall Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20F.%20Sharaf">Rasha F. Sharaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Treatment of dental caries in young children is considered a great challenge for all dentists, especially with uncooperative children. Recently non-invasive techniques have been highlighted as they alleviate the need for local anesthesia and other painful procedures during management of carious teeth and, at the same time, increase the success rate of the treatment done. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is one of the most effective cariostatic materials that arrest the progression of carious lesions and aid in remineralizing the demineralized tooth structure. Both fluoride and silver ions proved to have an antibacterial action and aid in the precipitation of an insoluble layer that prevents further decay. At the same time, Moringa proved to have an effective antibacterial action against different types of bacteria, therefore, it can be used as a non-invasive technique for the management of caries in children. One of the important theories for the control of caries is by depriving the cariogenic bacteria from nutrients causing their starvation and death, which can be achieved by applying stainless steel crown on primary molars with carious lesions which are not involving the pulp, and this technique is known as Hall technique. The success rate of the Hall technique can be increased by arresting the carious lesion using either SDF or Moringa and gaining the benefit of their antibacterial action. Multiple clinical cases with 1 year follow up will be presented, comparing different treatment options, and using various materials and techniques for non-invasive and non-painful management of carious primary teeth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDF" title="SDF">SDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hall%20technique" title=" hall technique"> hall technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carious%20primary%20teeth" title=" carious primary teeth"> carious primary teeth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moringa%20extract" title=" moringa extract"> moringa extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158255/non-invasive-techniques-for-management-of-carious-primary-dentition-using-silver-diamine-fluoride-and-moringa-extract-as-a-modification-of-the-hall-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">518</span> Analysis of the Physical Behavior of Library Users in Reading Rooms through GIS: A Case Study of the Central Library of Tehran University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roya%20Pournaghi">Roya Pournaghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measuring the extent of daily use of the libraries study space is of utmost significance in order to develop, re-organize and maintain the efficiency of the study space. The current study aimed to employ GIS in analyzing the study halls space of the document center and central library of Tehran University and determine the extent of use of the study chairs and desks by the students-intended users. This combination of survey methods - descriptive design system. In order to collect the required data and a description of the method, To implement and entering data into ArcGIS software. It also analyzes the data and displays the results on the library floor map design method were used. And spatial database design and plan has been done at the Central Library of Tehran University through the amount of space used by members of the Library and Information halls plans. Results showed that Biruni's hall is allocated the highest occupancy rate to tables and chairs compared to other halls. In the Hall of Science and Technology, with an average occupancy rate of 0.39 in the tables represents the lowest users and Rashid al-Dins hall, and Science and Technology’s hall with an average occupancy rate (0.40) represents the lowest users of seats. In this study, the comparison of the space is occupied at different period as a study’s hall in the morning, evenings, afternoons, and several months was performed through GIS. This system analyzed the space relationship effectively and efficiently. The output of this study can be used by administrators and librarians to determine the exact amount of using the Equipment of study halls and librarians can use the output map to design more efficient space at the library. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geospatial%20information%20system" title="geospatial information system">geospatial information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis" title=" spatial analysis"> spatial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20room" title=" reading room"> reading room</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20libraries" title=" academic libraries"> academic libraries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=library%E2%80%99s%20user" title=" library’s user"> library’s user</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20library%20of%20Tehran%20university" title=" central library of Tehran university"> central library of Tehran university</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15742/analysis-of-the-physical-behavior-of-library-users-in-reading-rooms-through-gis-a-case-study-of-the-central-library-of-tehran-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">517</span> Hot Face of Cold War: 007 James Bond</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCnevi%20Uslu%20Evren">Günevi Uslu Evren</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Propaganda is one of the most effective methods for changing individual and mass opinions. Propaganda tries to get the message across to people or masses to effect rather than to provide objective information. There are many types of propaganda. Especially, political propaganda is a very powerful method that is used by states during in both war and peace. The aim of this method is to create a reaction against them by showing within the framework of internal and external enemies. Propaganda can be practiced by many different methods. Especially during the Cold War Era, the US and USSR have tried to create an ideological effect by using the mass media intensively. Cinema, which is located at the beginning of these methods, is the most powerful weapon to influence the masses. In this study, the historical process of the Cold War is examined. Especially, these propagandas that had been used by United States and The Soviet Union were investigated. The purposes of propaganda and construction methods were presented. Cold War events and relations between the US and the USSR during the Cold War will be discussed. Outlooks of two countries to each other during the Cold War, propaganda techniques used defectively during Cold War and how to use the cinema as a propaganda tool will be examined. The film "From Russia with Love, James Bond 007" that was filmed in Cold War were examined to explain how cinema was used as a propaganda tool in this context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cinema" title="cinema">cinema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20war" title=" cold war"> cold war</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Bond" title=" James Bond"> James Bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propaganda" title=" propaganda"> propaganda</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7256/hot-face-of-cold-war-007-james-bond" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">516</span> Georgiana G. King’s The Way of Saint James. A Pioneer Cultural Guide of a Pilgrimage Route</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20Pita-Gal%C3%A1n">Paula Pita-Galán</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1920 Georgiana Goddard King, an Art Historian and Professor at Bryn Mawr College (PA, USA), published The Way of Saint James (New York: P.G. Putnam’s Sons), one of the earliest modern guides of this pilgrimage route. In its three volumes, the author described the towns and villages crossed by the Camino, talking about the history, traditions, monuments, and the people that she had met during her own pilgrimage together with the photographer Edith H. Lowber. The two women walked the route from Toulouse to Santiago in several journeys that took place between 1911 and 1914, travelling with funds of the Hispanic Society of New York. The cultural interest that motivated the journey explains how King intertwines in her narration history, anthropology, geography, art history, and religion, giving; as a result, the book targeted intellectuals, curious travelers, and tourist rather than pilgrims in a moment in which the pilgrimage to Santiago had almost disappeared as a practice. The Way of Saint James is barely known nowadays, so the aim of this research is disseminate it, focusing on the modernity of its approach and pointing at the link that it has with Georgiana King’s understanding of art as a product of the culture and civilization that produces it. In this paper, we will analyze The Way of Saint James in its historiographical context as it was written during the rise of the interest on Spain and its culture in the United States of America; paying special attention on the relationship of the author with the Hispanic Society and sir Archer Milton Huntington. On the other hand, we will look into Georgiana Goddard King’s work as an scholar by analyzing her works and the personal papers (letters, notes, and manuscripts) that she left in Bryn Mawr College, where I have been researching with a Fulbright grant. As a result, we will understand the pioneer approach of this unique guide of the Way of Saint James as a reflection of Georgiana King’s own modernity as an scholar. The wide cultural interests of King gave, as a result, a guide that offers a transversal knowledge of The Way of Saint James, together with King’s impressions and experiences, in the same way of current guides but far from the ‘objective’ and formalist methodology followed by her colleagues. This kind of modernity was badly understood at her time and helped the oblivion of this book as well as her author. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=georgiana%20goddard%20king" title="georgiana goddard king">georgiana goddard king</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20way%20of%20saint%20james" title=" the way of saint james"> the way of saint james</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilgrimage" title=" pilgrimage"> pilgrimage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title=" cultural heritage"> cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guide" title=" guide"> guide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149572/georgiana-g-kings-the-way-of-saint-james-a-pioneer-cultural-guide-of-a-pilgrimage-route" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">515</span> Flow over an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Hall and Cross-Diffusion Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinivasacharya%20Darbhasayanam">Srinivasacharya Darbhasayanam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagadeeshwar%20Pashikanti"> Jagadeeshwar Pashikanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper analyzes the Soret and Dufour effects on mixed convection flow, heat and mass transfer from an exponentially stretching surface in a viscous fluid with Hall Effect. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations are reduced to a system of linear differential equations using the successive linearization method and then solved the resulting linear system using the Chebyshev pseudo spectral method. The numerical results for the velocity components, temperature and concentration are presented graphically. The obtained results are compared with the previously published results, and are found to be in excellent agreement. It is observed from the present analysis that the primary and secondary velocities and concentration are found to be increasing, and temperature is decreasing with the increase in the values of the Soret parameter. An increase in the Dufour parameter increases both the primary and secondary velocities and temperature and decreases the concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Exponentially%20stretching%20sheet" title="Exponentially stretching sheet">Exponentially stretching sheet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hall%20current" title=" Hall current"> Hall current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heat%20and%20Mass%20transfer" title=" Heat and Mass transfer"> Heat and Mass transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soret%20and%20Dufour%20Effects" title=" Soret and Dufour Effects"> Soret and Dufour Effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54720/flow-over-an-exponentially-stretching-sheet-with-hall-and-cross-diffusion-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">514</span> Bulk Transport in Strongly Correlated Topological Insulator Samarium Hexaboride Using Hall Effect and Inverted Resistance Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexa%20Rakoski">Alexa Rakoski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun%20Suk%20Eo"> Yun Suk Eo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cagliyan%20Kurdak"> Cagliyan Kurdak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priscila%20F.%20S.%20Rosa"> Priscila F. S. Rosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zachary%20Fisk"> Zachary Fisk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Ciomaga%20Hatnean"> Monica Ciomaga Hatnean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetha%20Balakrishnan"> Geetha Balakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boyoun%20Kang"> Boyoun Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myungsuk%20Song"> Myungsuk Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byungki%20Cho"> Byungki Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Samarium hexaboride (SmB6) is a strongly correlated mixed valence material and Kondo insulator. In the resistance-temperature curve, SmB6 exhibits activated behavior from 4-40 K after the Kondo gap forms. However, below 4 K, the resistivity is temperature independent or weakly temperature dependent due to the appearance of a topologically protected surface state. Current research suggests that the surface of SmB6 is conductive while the bulk is truly insulating, different from conventional 3D TIs (Topological Insulators) like Bi₂Se₃ which are plagued by bulk conduction due to impurities. To better understand why the bulk of SmB6 is so different from conventional TIs, this study employed a new method, called inverted resistance, to explore the lowest temperatures, as well as standard Hall measurements for the rest of the temperature range. In the inverted resistance method, current flows from an inner contact to an outer ring, and voltage is measured outside of this outer ring. This geometry confines the surface current and allows for measurement of the bulk resistivity even when the conductive surface dominates transport (below 4 K). The results confirm that the bulk of SmB6 is truly insulating down to 2 K. Hall measurements on a number of samples show consistent bulk behavior from 4-40 K, but widely varying behavior among samples above 40 K. This is attributed to a combination of the growth process and purity of the starting material, and the relationship between the high and low temperature behaviors is still being explored. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20transport" title="bulk transport">bulk transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hall%20effect" title=" Hall effect"> Hall effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverted%20resistance" title=" inverted resistance"> inverted resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kondo%20insulator" title=" Kondo insulator"> Kondo insulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=samarium%20hexaboride" title=" samarium hexaboride"> samarium hexaboride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20insulator" title=" topological insulator"> topological insulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94303/bulk-transport-in-strongly-correlated-topological-insulator-samarium-hexaboride-using-hall-effect-and-inverted-resistance-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">513</span> The Hall Coefficient and Magnetoresistance in Rectangular Quantum Wires with Infinitely High Potential under the Influence of a Laser Radiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Thu%20Huong">Nguyen Thu Huong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Quang%20Bau"> Nguyen Quang Bau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Hall Coefficient (HC) and the Magnetoresistance (MR) have been studied in two-dimensional systems. The HC and the MR in Rectangular Quantum Wire (RQW) subjected to a crossed DC electric field and magnetic field in the presence of a Strong Electromagnetic Wave (EMW) characterized by electric field are studied in this work. Using the quantum kinetic equation for electrons interacting with optical phonons, we obtain the analytic expressions for the HC and the MR with a dependence on magnetic field, EMW frequency, temperatures of systems and the length characteristic parameters of RQW. These expressions are different from those obtained for bulk semiconductors and cylindrical quantum wires. The analytical results are applied to GaAs/GaAs/Al. For this material, MR depends on the ratio of the EMW frequency to the cyclotron frequency. Indeed, MR reaches a minimum at the ratio 5/4, and when this ratio increases, it tends towards a saturation value. The HC can take negative or positive values. Each curve has one maximum and one minimum. When magnetic field increases, the HC is negative, achieves a minimum value and then increases suddenly to a maximum with a positive value. This phenomenon differs from the one observed in cylindrical quantum wire, which does not have maximum and minimum values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hall%20coefficient" title="hall coefficient">hall coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20quantum%20wires" title=" rectangular quantum wires"> rectangular quantum wires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron-optical%20phonon%20interaction" title=" electron-optical phonon interaction"> electron-optical phonon interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20kinetic%20equation" title=" quantum kinetic equation"> quantum kinetic equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41442/the-hall-coefficient-and-magnetoresistance-in-rectangular-quantum-wires-with-infinitely-high-potential-under-the-influence-of-a-laser-radiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">512</span> Hall Coefficient in the Presence of Strong Electromagnetic Waves Caused by Confined Electrons and Phonons in a Rectangular Quantum Wire</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Quang%20Bau">Nguyen Quang Bau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Thu%20Huong"> Nguyen Thu Huong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dang%20Thi%20Thanh%20Thuy"> Dang Thi Thanh Thuy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analytic expression for the Hall Coefficient (HC) caused by the confined electrons in the presence of a strong electromagnetic wave (EMW) including the effect of phonon confinement in rectangular quantum wires (RQWs) is calculated by using the quantum kinetic equation for electrons in the case of electron - optical phonon scattering. It is because the expression of the HC for the confined phonon case contains indexes m, m’ which are specific to the phonon confinement. The expression in a RQW is different from that for the case of unconfined phonons in a RQW or in 2D. The results are numerically calculated and discussed for a GaAs/GaAsAl RQW. The numerical results show that HC in a RQW can have both negative and positive values. This is different from the case of the absence of EMW and the case presence of EMW including the effect of phonon unconfinement in a RQW. These results are also compared with those in the case of unconfined phonons in a RQW and confined phonons in a quantum well. The conductivity in the case of confined phonon has more resonance peaks compared with that in case of unconfined phonons in a RQW. This new property is the same in quantum well. All results are compared with the case of unconfined phonons to see differences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hall%20coefficient" title="Hall coefficient">Hall coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20quantum%20wires" title=" rectangular quantum wires"> rectangular quantum wires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron-optical%20phonon%20interaction" title=" electron-optical phonon interaction"> electron-optical phonon interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20kinetic%20equation" title=" quantum kinetic equation"> quantum kinetic equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confined%20phonons" title=" confined phonons"> confined phonons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53789/hall-coefficient-in-the-presence-of-strong-electromagnetic-waves-caused-by-confined-electrons-and-phonons-in-a-rectangular-quantum-wire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">511</span> Transient Phenomena in a 100 W Hall Thrusters: Experimental Measurements of Discharge Current and Plasma Parameter Evolution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cl%C3%A9mence%20Royer">Clémence Royer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=St%C3%A9phane%20Mazouffre"> Stéphane Mazouffre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, electric propulsion systems play a crucial role in space exploration missions due to their high specific impulse and long operational life. The Hall thrusters are one of the most mature EP technologies. It is a gridless ion thruster that has proved reliable and high-performance for decades in various space missions. Operation of HT relies on electron emissions through a cathode placed outside a hollow dielectric channel that includes an anode at the back. Negatively charged particles are trapped in a magnetic field and efficiently slow down. By collisions, the electron cloud ionizes xenon atoms. A large electric field is generated in the axial direction due to the low electron transverse mobility in the region of a strong magnetic field. Positive particles are pulled out of the chamber at high velocity and are neutralized directly at the exhaust area. This phenomenon leads to the acceleration of the spacecraft system at a high specific impulse. While HT’s architecture and operating principle are relatively simple, the physics behind thrust is complex and still partly unknown. Current and voltage oscillations, as well as electron properties, have been captured over a 30 mn time period after ignition. The observed low-frequency oscillations exhibited specific frequency ranges, amplitudes, and stability patterns. Correlations between the oscillations and plasma characteristics we analyzed. The impact of these instabilities on thruster performance, including thrust efficiency, has been evaluated as well. Moreover, strategies for mitigating and controlling these instabilities have been developed, such as filtering. In this contribution, in addition to presenting a summary of the results obtained in the transient regime, we will present and discuss recent advances in Hall thruster plasma discharge filtering and control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20propulsion" title="electric propulsion">electric propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hall%20Thruster" title=" Hall Thruster"> Hall Thruster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20diagnostics" title=" plasma diagnostics"> plasma diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-frequency%20oscillations" title=" low-frequency oscillations"> low-frequency oscillations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168470/transient-phenomena-in-a-100-w-hall-thrusters-experimental-measurements-of-discharge-current-and-plasma-parameter-evolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">510</span> The LIP’s Electric Propulsion Development for Chinese Spacecraft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Tianping">Zhang Tianping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Yanhui"> Jia Yanhui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Juan"> Li Juan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Le"> Yang Le</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Hao"> Yang Hao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Wei"> Yang Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Xiaojing"> Sun Xiaojing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi%20Kai"> Shi Kai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Xingda"> Li Xingda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Yunkui"> Sun Yunkui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lanzhou Institute of Physics (LIP) is the major supplier of electric propulsion subsystems for Chinese satellite platforms. The development statuses of these electric propulsion subsystems were summarized including the LIPS-200 ion electric propulsion subsystem (IEPS) for DFH-3B platform, the LIPS-300 IEPS for DFH-5 and DFH-4SP platform, the LIPS-200+ IEPS for DFH-4E platform and near-earth asteroid exploration spacecraft, the LIPS-100 IEPS for small satellite platform, the LHT-100 hall electric propulsion subsystem (HEPS) for flight test on XY-2 satellite, the LHT-140 HEPS for large LEO spacecraft, the LIPS-400 IEPS for deep space exploration mission and other EPS for other Chinese spacecraft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20electric%20propulsion" title="ion electric propulsion">ion electric propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hall%20electric%20propulsion" title=" hall electric propulsion"> hall electric propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20platform" title=" satellite platform"> satellite platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LIP" title=" LIP"> LIP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39136/the-lips-electric-propulsion-development-for-chinese-spacecraft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">731</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">509</span> Interest Rate Prediction with Taylor Rule</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Bouchabchoub">T. Bouchabchoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bendahmane"> A. Bendahmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Haouriqui"> A. Haouriqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Attou"> N. Attou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents simulation results of Forex predicting model equations in order to give approximately a prevision of interest rates. First, Hall-Taylor (HT) equations have been used with Taylor rule (TR) to adapt them to European and American Forex Markets. Indeed, initial Taylor Rule equation is conceived for all Forex transactions in every States: It includes only one equation and six parameters. Here, the model has been used with Hall-Taylor equations, initially including twelve equations which have been reduced to only three equations. Analysis has been developed on the following base macroeconomic variables: Real change rate, investment wages, anticipated inflation, realized inflation, real production, interest rates, gap production and potential production. This model has been used to specifically study the impact of an inflation shock on macroeconomic director interest rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest%20rate" title="interest rate">interest rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forex" title=" Forex"> Forex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taylor%20rule" title=" Taylor rule"> Taylor rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Central%20Bank%20%28ECB%29" title=" European Central Bank (ECB)"> European Central Bank (ECB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federal%20Reserve%20System%20%28FED%29." title=" Federal Reserve System (FED)."> Federal Reserve System (FED).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12544/interest-rate-prediction-with-taylor-rule" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">508</span> Elimination of Occupational Segregation By Sex: A Critical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mutiat%20Temitayo%20James">Mutiat Temitayo James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladapo%20Olakunle%20James"> Oladapo Olakunle James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kabiru%20Oyetunde"> Kabiru Oyetunde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines occupational segregation by sex and sought to justify a case for its elimination or not. In doing this, we found that occupations are categorised among men and women in all parts of the world and this, in turn, affects the labour force participation rate of men and women in different sectors and aspects of the labour market. Data from the previous study shows that women are the most discriminated against as regards occupational segregation as many high profile jobs are regarded as men’s job and women relegated to the background. This has brought about low productivity for women and inequity in the labour market which can hinder the productivity levels of participants. It was however recommended that occupational segregation should be eliminated totally so that men and women alike can choose occupations of their choice irrespective of what gender the society ascribe to such occupation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupation" title="occupation">occupation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20equality" title=" gender equality"> gender equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labour%20market" title=" labour market"> labour market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segregation" title=" segregation"> segregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20924/elimination-of-occupational-segregation-by-sex-a-critical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">507</span> A Case Study of Alkali-Silica Reaction Induced Consistent Damage and Strength Degradation Evaluation in a Textile Mill Building Due to Slow-Reactive Aggregates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahsan%20R.%20Khokhar">Ahsan R. Khokhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fizza%20Hassan"> Fizza Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) has been recognized as a potential cause of concrete degradation in the world since the 1940s. In Pakistan, mega hydropower structures like dams, weirs constructed from aggregates extracted from a local riverbed exhibited different levels of alkali-silica reactivity over an extended service period. The concrete expansion potential due to such aggregates has been categorized as slow-reactive. Apart from hydropower structures, ASR existence has been identified in the concrete structural elements of a Textile Mill building which used aggregates extracted from the nearby riverbed. The original structure of the Textile Mill was erected in the 80s with the addition of a textile ‘sizing and wrapping’ hall constructed in the 90s. In the years to follow, intensive spalling was observed in the structural members of the subject hall; enough to threat to the overall stability of the building. Limitations such as incomplete building data posed hurdles during the detailed structural investigation. The paper lists observations made while assessing the extent of damage and its effect on the building hall structure. Core testing and Petrographic tests were carried out as per the ASTM standards for strength degradation analysis followed by the identifying its root cause. Results confirmed significant structural strength reduction because of ASR which necessitated the formulation of an immediate re-strengthening solution. The paper also discusses the possible tracks of rehabilitative measures which are being adapted to stabilize the structure and seize further concrete expansion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alkali-Silica%20Reaction%20%28ASR%29" title="Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR)">Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20strength%20degradation" title=" concrete strength degradation"> concrete strength degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20assessment" title=" damage assessment"> damage assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20evaluation" title=" damage evaluation"> damage evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100392/a-case-study-of-alkali-silica-reaction-induced-consistent-damage-and-strength-degradation-evaluation-in-a-textile-mill-building-due-to-slow-reactive-aggregates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Hall&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Hall&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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