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Knoxville, Tennessee - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antebellum_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antebellum_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Antebellum era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antebellum_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>American Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstruction_and_the_Industrial_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstruction_and_the_Industrial_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Reconstruction and the Industrial Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstruction_and_the_Industrial_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progressive_Era_and_the_Great_Depression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progressive_Era_and_the_Great_Depression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Progressive Era and the Great Depression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progressive_Era_and_the_Great_Depression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1982_World&#039;s_Fair_and_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1982_World&#039;s_Fair_and_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>1982 World's Fair and 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1982_World&#039;s_Fair_and_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century_and_economic_renaissance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century_and_economic_renaissance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>21st century and economic renaissance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century_and_economic_renaissance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Metropolitan area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Neighborhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_notable_neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_notable_neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>List of notable neighborhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_notable_neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2020 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2010 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_corporations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_corporations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Major corporations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_corporations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Real_estate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Real_estate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Real estate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Real_estate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Finance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Retail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Technology and research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sites_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sites_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sites of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sites_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>City Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_mayors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_mayors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>List of mayors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_mayors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primary and secondary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filming_location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filming_location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Filming location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filming_location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Utilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.1</span> <span>Highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.2</span> <span>Mass transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.3</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railroads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railroads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.4</span> <span>Railroads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railroads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_passenger_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_passenger_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.4.1</span> <span>Historic passenger service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_passenger_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-River_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#River_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.5</span> <span>River transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-River_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Knoxville, Tennessee</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 84 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnoccsfyll" title="Cnoccsfyll – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cnoccsfyll" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A)" title="نوكسفيل (تينيسي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوكسفيل (تينيسي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noksvill_(Tennessi)" title="Noksvill (Tennessi) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Noksvill (Tennessi)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ناکسویل، تنسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ناکسویل، تنسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2,_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF" title="নক্সভিল, টেনেসি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নক্সভিল, টেনেসি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Ноксвіл – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ноксвіл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Ноксвил – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ноксвил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Tennessee) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Knoxville (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joo%C5%82dahsi%CA%BC%C4%85%CC%81" title="Joołdahsiʼą́ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Joołdahsiʼą́" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BE%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BB" title="Νόξβιλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νόξβιλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tenesio)" title="Knoxville (Tenesio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Knoxville (Tenesio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84_(%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="ناکسویل (تنسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناکسویل (تنسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A)" title="ناکسويل (تنسي) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ناکسويل (تنسي)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%8A%A4%EB%B9%8C" title="녹스빌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="녹스빌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Kenek%C4%AB" title="Knoxville, Kenekī – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Knoxville, Kenekī" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Նոքսվիլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոքսվիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Ноксвилл – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ноксвилл" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C" title="נוקסוויל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוקסוויל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Ноксвилл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ноксвилл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessi" title="Knoxville, Tennessi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Ten%C3%A8si)" title="Knoxville (Tenèsi) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Knoxville (Tenèsi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noksvila" title="Noksvila – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Noksvila" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noksvilis" title="Noksvilis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Noksvilis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80)" title="नॉक्सव्हिल (टेनेसी) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नॉक्सव्हिल (टेनेसी)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3)" title="نوكسفيل (كنوكس) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نوكسفيل (كنوكس)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB_(%E3%83%86%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E5%B7%9E)" title="ノックスビル (テネシー州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノックスビル (テネシー州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Ноксвилл – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ноксвилл" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Ноксвилл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ноксвилл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DA%A4%DB%8C%DA%B5" title="ناکسڤیڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناکسڤیڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB_(%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8)" title="Ноксвил (Тенеси) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ноксвил (Тенеси)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Ноксвил – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ноксвил" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville" title="Knoxville – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Knoxville" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Ноксвілл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ноксвілл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ناکسویل، ٹینیسی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناکسویل، ٹینیسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_(Tennessee)" title="Knoxville (Tennessee) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Knoxville (Tennessee)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Knoxville, Tennessee" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="诺克斯维尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="诺克斯维尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;params=35.9617_N_83.9232_W_region:US-TN_type:city(190740)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°57′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°55′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.9617°N 83.9232°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">35.9617; -83.9232</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Knoxville" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Knoxville (disambiguation)">Knoxville (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Tennessee, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Knoxville</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Tennessee" title="List of municipalities in Tennessee">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:63px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville,_Tennessee_(2024).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Knoxville%2C_Tennessee_%282024%29.jpg/268px-Knoxville%2C_Tennessee_%282024%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Knoxville%2C_Tennessee_%282024%29.jpg/402px-Knoxville%2C_Tennessee_%282024%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Knoxville%2C_Tennessee_%282024%29.jpg/536px-Knoxville%2C_Tennessee_%282024%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4003" data-file-height="948" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Skyline of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Knoxville" title="Downtown Knoxville">Downtown Knoxville</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Four-market-square-tn1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Four-market-square-tn1.jpg/144px-Four-market-square-tn1.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Four-market-square-tn1.jpg/216px-Four-market-square-tn1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Four-market-square-tn1.jpg/288px-Four-market-square-tn1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3471" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Market_Square,_Knoxville" title="Market Square, Knoxville">Market Square</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neyland_Stadium,_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville,_Fort_Sanders,_Knoxville,_TN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Neyland_Stadium%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN.jpg/120px-Neyland_Stadium%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Neyland_Stadium%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN.jpg/180px-Neyland_Stadium%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Neyland_Stadium%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN.jpg/240px-Neyland_Stadium%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3822" data-file-height="2866" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Neyland_Stadium" title="Neyland Stadium">Neyland Stadium</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:103px;max-width:103px"><div style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sunsphere,_Knoxville,_TN_-_52474028288.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Sunsphere%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52474028288.jpg/101px-The_Sunsphere%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52474028288.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Sunsphere%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52474028288.jpg/152px-The_Sunsphere%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52474028288.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Sunsphere%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52474028288.jpg/202px-The_Sunsphere%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52474028288.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2889" data-file-height="3853" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">The <a href="/wiki/Sunsphere" title="Sunsphere">Sunsphere</a> at the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Fair_Park" title="World&#39;s Fair Park">World's Fair Park</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:69px;max-width:69px"><div style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gay-street-clock-2007-tn1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gay-street-clock-2007-tn1.jpg/67px-Gay-street-clock-2007-tn1.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gay-street-clock-2007-tn1.jpg/101px-Gay-street-clock-2007-tn1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gay-street-clock-2007-tn1.jpg/134px-Gay-street-clock-2007-tn1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1858" data-file-height="3729" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Clock tower on <a href="/wiki/Gay_Street_(Knoxville)" title="Gay Street (Knoxville)">Gay Street</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swan-monument-statue-tn1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Swan-monument-statue-tn1.jpg/91px-Swan-monument-statue-tn1.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Swan-monument-statue-tn1.jpg/137px-Swan-monument-statue-tn1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Swan-monument-statue-tn1.jpg/182px-Swan-monument-statue-tn1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="3637" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">A statue in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Gray_Cemetery" title="Old Gray Cemetery">Old Gray Cemetery</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayres_Hall,_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville,_Fort_Sanders,_Knoxville,_TN_-_52496782562.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ayres_Hall%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52496782562.jpg/132px-Ayres_Hall%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52496782562.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ayres_Hall%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52496782562.jpg/198px-Ayres_Hall%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52496782562.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ayres_Hall%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52496782562.jpg/264px-Ayres_Hall%2C_University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville%2C_Fort_Sanders%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52496782562.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3818" data-file-height="2864" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ayres_Hall" title="Ayres Hall">Ayres Hall</a> at <a href="/wiki/UT_Knoxville" class="mw-redirect" title="UT Knoxville">UT Knoxville</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tennessee_Amphitheater,_World%E2%80%99s_Fair_Park,_Knoxville,_TN_-_52473476511.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tennessee_Amphitheater%2C_World%E2%80%99s_Fair_Park%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52473476511.jpg/132px-Tennessee_Amphitheater%2C_World%E2%80%99s_Fair_Park%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52473476511.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tennessee_Amphitheater%2C_World%E2%80%99s_Fair_Park%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52473476511.jpg/198px-Tennessee_Amphitheater%2C_World%E2%80%99s_Fair_Park%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52473476511.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tennessee_Amphitheater%2C_World%E2%80%99s_Fair_Park%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52473476511.jpg/264px-Tennessee_Amphitheater%2C_World%E2%80%99s_Fair_Park%2C_Knoxville%2C_TN_-_52473476511.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Amphitheater" title="Tennessee Amphitheater">Tennessee Amphitheater</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Knoxville,_Tennessee.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Knoxville"><img alt="Flag of Knoxville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Knoxville%2C_Tennessee.svg/100px-Flag_of_Knoxville%2C_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Knoxville%2C_Tennessee.svg/150px-Flag_of_Knoxville%2C_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Knoxville%2C_Tennessee.svg/200px-Flag_of_Knoxville%2C_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Flag of Knoxville, Tennessee">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville_seal_black_300.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Knoxville"><img alt="Official seal of Knoxville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Knoxville_seal_black_300.png/85px-Knoxville_seal_black_300.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Knoxville_seal_black_300.png/128px-Knoxville_seal_black_300.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Knoxville_seal_black_300.png/170px-Knoxville_seal_black_300.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="299" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Knoxville_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Knoxville"><img alt="Official logo of Knoxville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/City_of_Knoxville_logo.png/200px-City_of_Knoxville_logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/City_of_Knoxville_logo.png/300px-City_of_Knoxville_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/City_of_Knoxville_logo.png/400px-City_of_Knoxville_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="106" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s):&#160;<div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Marble City,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Heart of the Valley,<sup id="cite_ref-deaderick_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deaderick-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Queen City of the Mountains,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> K-Town,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Scruffy City,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gateway to the Great Smoky Mountains,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knox Vegas.<sup id="cite_ref-campbell_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campbell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knox_County_Tennessee_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Knoxville_Highlighted_4740000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Knoxville in Knox County, Tennessee."><img alt="Location of Knoxville in Knox County, Tennessee." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Knox_County_Tennessee_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Knoxville_Highlighted_4740000.svg/260px-Knox_County_Tennessee_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Knoxville_Highlighted_4740000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Knox_County_Tennessee_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Knoxville_Highlighted_4740000.svg/390px-Knox_County_Tennessee_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Knoxville_Highlighted_4740000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Knox_County_Tennessee_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Knoxville_Highlighted_4740000.svg/520px-Knox_County_Tennessee_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Knoxville_Highlighted_4740000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="192" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Knoxville in Knox County, Tennessee.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Tennessee_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Knoxville is located in Tennessee"><img alt="Knoxville is located in Tennessee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/USA_Tennessee_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Tennessee_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/USA_Tennessee_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Tennessee_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/USA_Tennessee_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Tennessee_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1068" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.518%;left:72.273%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Knoxville"><img alt="Knoxville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Knoxville</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Tennessee</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Knoxville is located in the United States"><img alt="Knoxville is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.713%;left:71.028%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Knoxville"><img alt="Knoxville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Knoxville</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Knoxville (the United States)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Knoxville is located in North America"><img alt="Knoxville is located in North America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1185" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.316%;left:65.72%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Knoxville"><img alt="Knoxville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Knoxville</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Knoxville (North America)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of North America</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;params=35.9617_N_83.9232_W_region:US-TN_type:city(190740)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°57′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°55′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.9617°N 83.9232°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">35.9617; -83.9232</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Tennessee" title="List of counties in Tennessee">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Knox County, Tennessee">Knox</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1786</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1791</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">1815</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_White_(General)" class="mw-redirect" title="James White (General)">James White</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mtas_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mtas-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-government_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-government-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor–council">Mayor–council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Knoxville,_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Knoxville, Tennessee">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indya_Kincannon" title="Indya Kincannon">Indya Kincannon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;City Council</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Council Members</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Tommy Smith (1st Dist.; also Vice Mayor)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Andrew Roberto (2nd Dist.)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Seema Singh (3rd Dist.)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Lauren Rider (4th Dist.)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Charles Thomas (5th Dist.)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Gwen McKenzie (6th Dist.)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Lynn Fugate (at-large seat A)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Debbie Helsley (at-large seat B)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Amelia Parker (at-large seat C)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-TigerWebMapServer_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Tennessee" title="List of municipalities in Tennessee">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">104.25&#160;sq&#160;mi (270.01&#160;km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Land</th><td class="infobox-data">98.73&#160;sq&#160;mi (255.72&#160;km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Water</th><td class="infobox-data">5.52&#160;sq&#160;mi (14.30&#160;km<sup>2</sup>) &#160;5.4%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">886&#160;ft (270&#160;m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Tennessee" title="List of municipalities in Tennessee">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">190,740</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">127th</a><br />TN: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Tennessee" title="List of municipalities in Tennessee">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,931.90/sq&#160;mi (745.91/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">597,257 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">72nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Urban&#160;density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,382.8/sq&#160;mi (533.9/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">868,546 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas">64th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Table_of_United_States_Combined_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of United States Combined Statistical Areas">CSA</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,096,961 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Combined_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Combined Statistical Areas">50th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Knoxvillian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC&#8722;5</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Eastern_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">&#160;•&#160;Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC&#8722;4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zip_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Zip code">Zip code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">37901-37902, 37909, 37912, 37914-37920-37924, 37927-37934, 37938-37940, 37950, 37995-37998</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_865" title="Area code 865">865</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS</a> code<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US4740000">47-40000</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">1648562<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxvilletn.gov">www<wbr />.knoxvilletn<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Knoxville</b> is a city in and the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Knox County, Tennessee">Knox County, Tennessee</a>, United States, on the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GR6_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR6-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, Knoxville's population was 190,740,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> making it the largest city in the <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Divisions_of_Tennessee" title="Grand Divisions of Tennessee">Grand Division</a> and the state's <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Tennessee" title="List of municipalities in Tennessee">third-most-populous city</a> after <a href="/wiki/Nashville" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville">Nashville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2010census_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010census-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is the principal city of the <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_metropolitan_area" title="Knoxville metropolitan area">Knoxville metropolitan area</a>, which had a population of 879,773 in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>First settled in 1786, Knoxville was the first capital of Tennessee. The city struggled with geographic isolation throughout the early 19th century; the <a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transportation_in_the_United_States#Early_period_(1826–1860)" title="History of rail transportation in the United States">arrival of the railroad</a> in 1855 led to an economic boom.<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The city was bitterly <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War#Tennessee_secedes" title="Tennessee in the American Civil War">divided over the issue of secession</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and was occupied alternately by <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> armies, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sanders" title="Battle of Fort Sanders">Battle of Fort Sanders</a> in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Following the war, Knoxville grew rapidly as a major wholesaling and manufacturing center. The city's economy stagnated after the 1920s as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">manufacturing sector collapsed</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Urban_decay" title="Urban decay">downtown area declined</a> and city leaders became entrenched in highly partisan political fights.<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hosting the <a href="/wiki/1982_World%27s_Fair" title="1982 World&#39;s Fair">1982 World's Fair</a> helped reinvigorate the city,<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_Regeneration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban Regeneration">revitalization initiatives</a> by city leaders and private developers have had major successes in spurring growth in the city, especially the downtown area.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knoxville is the home of the flagship campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a>, whose sports teams, the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Volunteers" title="Tennessee Volunteers">Tennessee Volunteers</a>, are popular in the surrounding area. Knoxville is also home to the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Supreme_Court" title="Tennessee Supreme Court">Tennessee Supreme Court</a>'s courthouse for East Tennessee, and the corporate headquarters of several national and regional companies. As one of the largest cities in the <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachian</a> region, Knoxville has positioned itself in recent years as a repository of Appalachian culture and is one of the gateways to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hillville_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hillville-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blueridge_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blueridge-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="History of Knoxville, Tennessee">History of Knoxville, Tennessee</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Timeline of Knoxville, Tennessee">Timeline of Knoxville, Tennessee</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first people to form substantial settlements in what is now Knoxville were indigenous people who arrived during the <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period" title="Woodland period">Woodland period</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1000 B.C. to 1000 A.D.).<sup id="cite_ref-Fletcher_Jolly_III_1976_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fletcher_Jolly_III_1976-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One of the oldest artificial structures in Knoxville is a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee_Agriculture_Farm_Mound" title="University of Tennessee Agriculture Farm Mound">burial mound</a> constructed during the early <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a> period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1000–1400 A.D.). The earthwork mound has been preserved, but the campus of the University of Tennessee developed around it.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other prehistoric sites include an Early Woodland habitation area at the confluence of the Tennessee River and Knob Creek (near the <a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Knox County, Tennessee">Knox</a>–<a href="/wiki/Blount_County,_Tennessee" title="Blount County, Tennessee">Blount</a> county line),<sup id="cite_ref-Fletcher_Jolly_III_1976_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fletcher_Jolly_III_1976-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Dallas_phase" title="Dallas phase">Dallas phase</a> Mississippian villages at Post Oak Island (also along the river near the Knox–Blount line),<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and at <a href="/wiki/Bussell_Island" title="Bussell Island">Bussell Island</a> (at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Little_Tennessee_River" title="Little Tennessee River">Little Tennessee River</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lenoir_City,_Tennessee" title="Lenoir City, Tennessee">Lenoir City</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 18th century, the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Iroquoian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquoian language">Iroquoian language</a> people, had become the dominant tribe in the East Tennessee region; they are believed to have migrated centuries before from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes region</a>. They were frequently at war with the <a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Creek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Cherokee people called the Knoxville area <i>kuwanda'talun'yi</i>, which means "mulberry place".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Most Cherokee habitation in the area was concentrated in what the American colonists called the <a href="/wiki/Overhill_Cherokee" title="Overhill Cherokee">Overhill settlements</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Little_Tennessee_River" title="Little Tennessee River">Little Tennessee River</a>, southwest of Knoxville. </p><p>The first white traders and explorers were recorded as arriving in the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley" title="Tennessee Valley">Tennessee Valley</a> in the late 17th century. There is significant evidence that Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto_(explorer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hernando de Soto (explorer)">Hernando de Soto</a> visited Bussell Island in 1540.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The first major recorded Euro-American presence in the Knoxville area was the <a href="/wiki/Timberlake_Expedition" title="Timberlake Expedition">Timberlake Expedition</a>, which passed through the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Holston_River" title="Holston River">Holston</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Broad_River" title="French Broad River">French Broad</a> into the Tennessee River in December 1761. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Timberlake" title="Henry Timberlake">Henry Timberlake</a>, an Anglo-American emissary from the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> to the Overhill settlements, recalled being pleased by the deep waters of the Tennessee after his party had struggled down the relatively shallow Holston for several weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlement">Settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_White%27s_Fort_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/James_White%27s_Fort_20.jpg/220px-James_White%27s_Fort_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/James_White%27s_Fort_20.jpg/330px-James_White%27s_Fort_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/James_White%27s_Fort_20.jpg/440px-James_White%27s_Fort_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_White%27s_Fort" title="James White&#39;s Fort">James White's Fort</a> in downtown Knoxville</figcaption></figure> <p>The end of the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> and confusion brought about by the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolution</a> led to a drastic increase in Euro-American settlement west of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By the 1780s, white settlers were already established in the Holston and French Broad valleys. The U.S. Congress ordered all illegal settlers out of the valley in 1785 but with little success. As settlers continued to trickle into Cherokee lands, tensions between the settlers and the Cherokee rose steadily.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1786, <a href="/wiki/James_White_(general)" title="James White (general)">James White</a>, a <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> officer, and his friend James Connor built <a href="/wiki/James_White%27s_Fort" title="James White&#39;s Fort">White's Fort</a> near the mouth of First Creek, on land White had purchased three years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1790, White's son-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Charles_McClung" title="Charles McClung">Charles McClung</a>—who had arrived from Pennsylvania the previous year—surveyed White's holdings between First Creek and Second Creek for the establishment of a town. McClung drew up sixty-four 0.5-acre (0.20&#160;ha) lots. The waterfront was set aside for a town common. Two lots were set aside for a church and graveyard (First Presbyterian Church, founded 1792). Four lots were set aside for a school. That school was eventually chartered as Blount College and it served as the starting point for the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a>, which uses Blount College's founding date of 1794 as its own. </p><p>In 1790, President <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> appointed North Carolina surveyor <a href="/wiki/William_Blount" title="William Blount">William Blount</a> governor of the newly created <a href="/wiki/Territory_South_of_the_River_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Territory South of the River Ohio">Territory South of the River Ohio</a>. One of Blount's first tasks was to meet with the Cherokee and establish territorial boundaries and resolve the issue of illegal settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This he accomplished almost immediately with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Holston" title="Treaty of Holston">Treaty of Holston</a>, which was negotiated and signed at White's Fort in 1791. Blount originally wanted to place the territorial capital at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Clinch_River" title="Clinch River">Clinch River</a> and Tennessee River (now <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Tennessee" title="Kingston, Tennessee">Kingston</a>), but when the Cherokee refused to cede this land, Blount chose White's Fort. Blount named the new capital Knoxville after Revolutionary War General and Secretary of War <a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a>, who at the time was Blount's immediate superior.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Problems immediately arose from the Holston Treaty. Blount believed that he had "purchased" much of what is now East Tennessee when the treaty was signed in 1791. However, the terms of the treaty came under dispute, culminating in ongoing violence on both sides. When the government invited Cherokee chief <a href="/wiki/Hanging_Maw" title="Hanging Maw">Hanging Maw</a> for negotiations in 1793, Knoxville settlers attacked the Cherokee against orders, killing the chief's wife. Peace was renegotiated in 1794.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antebellum_era">Antebellum era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Antebellum era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Craighead-Jackson_House_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Craighead-Jackson_House_01.jpg/220px-Craighead-Jackson_House_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Craighead-Jackson_House_01.jpg/330px-Craighead-Jackson_House_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Craighead-Jackson_House_01.jpg/440px-Craighead-Jackson_House_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5535" data-file-height="3690" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Craighead-Jackson_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Craighead-Jackson House">Craighead-Jackson House</a> in Knoxville, built in 1818</figcaption></figure> <p>Knoxville served as capital of the Southwest Territory and as capital of Tennessee (admitted as a state in 1796) until 1817,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> when the capital was moved to <a href="/wiki/Murfreesboro,_Tennessee" title="Murfreesboro, Tennessee">Murfreesboro</a>. Early Knoxville has been described as an "alternately quiet and rowdy river town".<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Early issues of the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Knoxville_Gazette" title="The Knoxville Gazette">Knoxville Gazette</a></i>—the first newspaper published in Tennessee—are filled with accounts of murder, theft, and hostile Cherokee attacks. Abishai Thomas, a friend of William Blount, visited Knoxville in 1794 and wrote that, while he was impressed by the town's modern frame buildings, the town had "seven taverns" and no church.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knoxville initially thrived as a way station for travelers and migrants heading west. Its location at the confluence of three major rivers in the Tennessee Valley brought <a href="/wiki/Flatboat" title="Flatboat">flatboat</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a> traffic to its waterfront in the first half of the 19th century, and Knoxville quickly developed into a regional merchandising center. Local agricultural products—especially tobacco, corn, and whiskey—were traded for cotton, which was grown in the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The population of Knoxville more than doubled in the 1850s with the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_and_Georgia_Railroad" title="East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad">East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad</a> in 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the most prominent citizens of Knoxville during the Antebellum years was James White's son, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">Hugh Lawson White</a> (1773–1840). White first served as a judge and state senator, before being nominated by the state legislature to replace <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> in the U.S. Senate in 1825. In 1836, White ran unsuccessfully for president, representing the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Civil_War">American Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: American Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Knoxville Campaign">Knoxville Campaign</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sanders" title="Battle of Fort Sanders">Battle of Fort Sanders</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles-douglas-shooting-1862.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Charles-douglas-shooting-1862.jpg/220px-Charles-douglas-shooting-1862.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Charles-douglas-shooting-1862.jpg/330px-Charles-douglas-shooting-1862.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Charles-douglas-shooting-1862.jpg/440px-Charles-douglas-shooting-1862.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Engraving of a Confederate soldier firing at Union supporter Charles Douglas on Gay Street in Knoxville in late 1861</figcaption></figure> <p>Anti-slavery and anti-secession sentiment ran high in East Tennessee in the years leading up to the Civil War. <a href="/wiki/Parson_Brownlow" title="Parson Brownlow">William "Parson" Brownlow</a>, the radical publisher of the <a href="/wiki/Brownlow%27s_Whig" title="Brownlow&#39;s Whig">Knoxville Whig</a>, was one of the region's leading anti-secessionists (although he strongly defended the practice of slavery).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Blount County, just south of Knoxville, had developed into a center of abolitionist activity, due in part to its relatively large <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a> faction and the anti-slavery president of <a href="/wiki/Maryville_College" title="Maryville College">Maryville College</a>, Isaac Anderson.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Warner_Tabernacle_AME_Zion_Church,_Knoxville" title="Greater Warner Tabernacle AME Zion Church, Knoxville">Greater Warner Tabernacle AME Zion Church</a> was reportedly a station on the <a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Business interests, however, guided largely by Knoxville's trade connections with cotton-growing centers to the south, contributed to the development of a strong pro-secession movement within the city. The city's pro-secessionists included among their ranks <a href="/wiki/J._G._M._Ramsey" title="J. G. M. Ramsey">J. G. M. Ramsey</a>, a prominent historian whose father had built the <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_House_(Knox_County,_Tennessee)" title="Ramsey House (Knox County, Tennessee)">Ramsey House</a> in 1797. </p><p>Thus, while East Tennessee and greater Knox County voted decisively against secession in 1861, the city of Knoxville favored secession by a 2–1 margin. In late May 1861, just before the secession vote, delegates of the <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_Convention" title="East Tennessee Convention">East Tennessee Convention</a> met at Temperance Hall in Knoxville in hopes of keeping Tennessee in the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a>. After Tennessee voted to secede in June, the convention met in <a href="/wiki/Greeneville,_Tennessee" title="Greeneville, Tennessee">Greeneville</a> and attempted to create a separate Union-aligned state in East Tennessee.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SiegeofKnoxville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SiegeofKnoxville.jpg/220px-SiegeofKnoxville.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SiegeofKnoxville.jpg/330px-SiegeofKnoxville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SiegeofKnoxville.jpg/440px-SiegeofKnoxville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="874" /></a><figcaption>Photograph showing the aftermath of the siege of Knoxville, December 1863</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holstontreaty.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Holstontreaty.JPG/220px-Holstontreaty.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Holstontreaty.JPG/330px-Holstontreaty.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Holstontreaty.JPG/440px-Holstontreaty.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Statue representing the signing of the Treaty of the Holston in downtown Knoxville</figcaption></figure><p>In July 1861, after Tennessee had joined the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Felix_Zollicoffer" title="Felix Zollicoffer">Felix Zollicoffer</a> arrived in Knoxville as commander of the District of East Tennessee. While initially lenient toward the city's Union sympathizers, Zollicoffer instituted <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> in November, after pro-Union guerrillas <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_bridge_burnings" title="East Tennessee bridge burnings">burned seven of the city's bridges</a>. The command of the district passed briefly to <a href="/wiki/George_B._Crittenden" title="George B. Crittenden">George Crittenden</a> and then to <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Kirby_Smith" title="Edmund Kirby Smith">Kirby Smith</a>, who launched an <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Heartland_Offensive" title="Confederate Heartland Offensive">unsuccessful invasion of Kentucky</a> in August 1862. In early 1863, General <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bolivar_Buckner" title="Simon Bolivar Buckner">Simon Buckner</a> took command of Confederate forces in Knoxville. Anticipating a Union invasion, Buckner fortified Fort Loudon (in West Knoxville, not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Loudoun_(Tennessee)" title="Fort Loudoun (Tennessee)">colonial fort</a> to the southwest) and began constructing earthworks throughout the city. However, the approach of stronger Union forces under <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Burnside" title="Ambrose Burnside">Ambrose Burnside</a> in the summer of 1863 forced Buckner to evacuate Knoxville before the earthworks were completed.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burnside arrived in early September 1863, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_campaign" title="Knoxville campaign">Knoxville campaign</a>. Like the Confederates, he immediately began fortifying the city. The Union forces rebuilt Fort Loudon and erected 12 other forts and batteries flanked by entrenchments around the city. Burnside moved a pontoon bridge upstream from <a href="/wiki/Loudon,_Tennessee" title="Loudon, Tennessee">Loudon</a>, allowing Union forces to cross the river and to build a series of forts along the heights of south Knoxville, including Fort Stanley and Fort Dickerson.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Burnside was fortifying Knoxville, a Confederate army under <a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Braxton Bragg</a> defeated Union forces under <a href="/wiki/William_Rosecrans" title="William Rosecrans">William Rosecrans</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chickamauga" title="Battle of Chickamauga">Battle of Chickamauga</a> (near the Tennessee-Georgia line) and laid siege to <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga</a>. On November 3, 1863, the Confederates sent General <a href="/wiki/James_Longstreet" title="James Longstreet">James Longstreet</a> to attack Burnside at Knoxville and prevent him from reinforcing the Union at Chattanooga. Longstreet wanted to attack the city from the south, but lacking the necessary pontoon bridges he was forced to cross the river further downstream at Loudon on November 14 and march against the city's heavily fortified western section. On November 15, General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wheeler" title="Joseph Wheeler">Joseph Wheeler</a> unsuccessfully attempted to dislodge Union forces in the heights of south Knoxville, and the following day Longstreet failed to cut off retreating Union forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campbell%27s_Station" title="Battle of Campbell&#39;s Station">Battle of Campbell's Station</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Farragut,_Tennessee" title="Farragut, Tennessee">Farragut</a>). </p><p>On November 18, Union General <a href="/wiki/William_P._Sanders" title="William P. Sanders">William P. Sanders</a> was mortally wounded while conducting delaying maneuvers west of Knoxville, and Fort Loudon was renamed Fort Sanders in his honor. On November 29, following a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Knoxville" title="Siege of Knoxville">two-week siege</a>, the Confederates <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sanders" title="Battle of Fort Sanders">attacked Fort Sanders</a> but failed after a fierce 20-minute engagement. On December 4, after word of the Confederate <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_campaign" title="Chattanooga campaign">defeat at Chattanooga</a> reached Longstreet, he broke his siege of Knoxville.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Union victories in the Knoxville campaign and at Chattanooga put much of East Tennessee under Union control for the rest of the war. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconstruction_and_the_Industrial_Age">Reconstruction and the Industrial Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Reconstruction and the Industrial Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville-republic-quarry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Knoxville-republic-quarry.jpg/170px-Knoxville-republic-quarry.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Knoxville-republic-quarry.jpg/255px-Knoxville-republic-quarry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Knoxville-republic-quarry.jpg/340px-Knoxville-republic-quarry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="895" /></a><figcaption>Early-1900s photograph of the Republic Marble Quarry near Knoxville</figcaption></figure> <p>After the war, northern investors such as brothers Joseph and David Richards helped Knoxville recover relatively quickly. The Richards brothers convinced 104 Welsh immigrant families to migrate from the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Tract" title="Welsh Tract">Welsh Tract</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> to work in a rolling mill. These Welsh families settled in an area now known as <a href="/wiki/Mechanicsville,_Knoxville" title="Mechanicsville, Knoxville">Mechanicsville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-atkin_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atkin-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Richards brothers also co-founded the Knoxville Iron Works beside the <a href="/wiki/L%26N_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="L&amp;N Railroad">L&amp;N Railroad</a>, also employing Welsh workers. Later, the site was used as the grounds for the <a href="/wiki/1982_World%27s_Fair" title="1982 World&#39;s Fair">1982 World's Fair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hindsight_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindsight-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville-knitting-works-1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Knoxville-knitting-works-1910.jpg/220px-Knoxville-knitting-works-1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Knoxville-knitting-works-1910.jpg/330px-Knoxville-knitting-works-1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Knoxville-knitting-works-1910.jpg/440px-Knoxville-knitting-works-1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="706" /></a><figcaption>Child labor at Knoxville Knitting Works, photographed by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Wickes_Hine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Wickes Hine">Lewis Wickes Hine</a> in 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>Other companies that sprang up during this period were Knoxville Woolen Mills, Dixie Cement, and Woodruff's Furniture. Between 1880 and 1887, 97 factories were established in Knoxville, most of them specializing in textiles, food products, and iron products.<sup id="cite_ref-wheelereoa_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheelereoa-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By the 1890s, Knoxville was home to more than 50 wholesaling houses, making it the third largest wholesaling center by volume in the South.<sup id="cite_ref-wheelereoa_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheelereoa-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Candoro_Marble_Works" title="Candoro Marble Works">Candoro Marble Works</a>, established in the community of Vestal in 1914, became the nation's foremost producer of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_marble" title="Tennessee marble">pink marble</a> and one of the nation's largest marble importers.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1896, Knoxville celebrated its achievements by creating its own flag.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Flag of Knoxville, Tennessee">Flag of Knoxville, Tennessee</a> represents the city's progressive growth due to agriculture and industry.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1869, Thomas Humes, a Union sympathizer and president of East Tennessee University, secured federal post-war damage reimbursement and state-designated <a href="/wiki/Morrill_Land-Grant_Acts" title="Morrill Land-Grant Acts">Morrill Act</a> funding to expand the college, which had been occupied by both armies during the war. <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Dabney" title="Charles William Dabney">Charles Dabney</a>, who became president of the university in 1887, overhauled the faculty and established a law school in an attempt to modernize the scope of the university. In 1879, the state changed its name to the University of Tennessee, at the request of the trustees, who hoped to secure more funding from the Tennessee state legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Tennessee_Encyclopedia_of_History_and_Culture,_2002_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Tennessee_Encyclopedia_of_History_and_Culture,_2002-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The post-war manufacturing boom brought thousands of immigrants to the city. The population of Knoxville grew from around 5,000 in 1860 to 32,637 in 1900. West Knoxville was annexed in 1897, and over 5,000 new homes were built between 1895 and 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1901, train robber <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Logan" title="Harvey Logan">Kid Curry</a> (whose real name was Harvey Logan), a member of <a href="/wiki/Butch_Cassidy" title="Butch Cassidy">Butch Cassidy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wild_Bunch" title="Wild Bunch">Wild Bunch</a> was captured after shooting two deputies on Knoxville's Central Avenue. He escaped from the Knoxville jail and rode away on a horse stolen from the sheriff.<sup id="cite_ref-kidcurry_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kidcurry-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Progressive_Era_and_the_Great_Depression">Progressive Era and the Great Depression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Progressive Era and the Great Depression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingstonpike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kingstonpike.jpg/220px-Kingstonpike.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Kingstonpike.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="167" /></a><figcaption>Kingston Pike, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1910, with the former Cherokee Bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>Knoxville hosted the Appalachian Exposition in 1910 and 1911 and the <a href="/wiki/National_Conservation_Exposition" title="National Conservation Exposition">National Conservation Exposition</a> in 1913. The latter is sometimes credited with giving rise to the movement to create a <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> in the Great Smoky Mountains, some 20 miles (32&#160;km) south of Knoxville.<sup id="cite_ref-Jack_Neely_2006_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jack_Neely_2006-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Around this time, several affluent Knoxvillians began purchasing summer cottages in <a href="/wiki/Elkmont,_Tennessee" title="Elkmont, Tennessee">Elkmont</a> and began to pursue the park idea more vigorously. They were led by Knoxville businessman Colonel <a href="/wiki/David_C._Chapman" title="David C. Chapman">David C. Chapman</a>, who, as head of the Great Smoky Mountains Park Commission, was largely responsible for raising the funds for the purchase of the property that became the core of the park. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</a> opened in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville-gay-street-1900s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Knoxville-gay-street-1900s.jpg/220px-Knoxville-gay-street-1900s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Knoxville-gay-street-1900s.jpg/330px-Knoxville-gay-street-1900s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Knoxville-gay-street-1900s.jpg/440px-Knoxville-gay-street-1900s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="754" /></a><figcaption>Gay Street in the early 1900s</figcaption></figure> <p>Knoxville's reliance on a manufacturing economy left it particularly vulnerable to the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. The Tennessee Valley also suffered from frequent flooding, and millions of acres of farmland had been ruined by soil erosion. To control flooding and improve the economy in the Tennessee Valley, the federal government created the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a> (TVA) in 1933. Beginning with <a href="/wiki/Norris_Dam" title="Norris Dam">Norris Dam</a>, TVA constructed a series of <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric dams</a> and other power plants throughout the valley over the next few decades, bringing flood control, jobs, and electricity to the region.<sup id="cite_ref-wheelertva_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheelertva-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Federal <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Projects Administration</a>, which also arrived in the 1930s, helped build <a href="/wiki/McGhee_Tyson_Airport" title="McGhee Tyson Airport">McGhee Tyson Airport</a> and expand <a href="/wiki/Neyland_Stadium" title="Neyland Stadium">Neyland Stadium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> TVA's headquarters, which consists of twin high rises built in the 1970s, were among Knoxville's first modern high-rise buildings. </p><p>In 1947, <a href="/wiki/John_Gunther" title="John Gunther">John Gunther</a> dubbed Knoxville the "ugliest city" in America in his best-selling book <i><a href="/wiki/Inside_U.S.A._(book)" title="Inside U.S.A. (book)">Inside U.S.A.</a></i> Gunther's description jolted the city into enacting a series of beautification measures that helped improve the appearance of the downtown area.<sup id="cite_ref-Jack_Neely_2006_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jack_Neely_2006-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1982_World's_Fair_and_20th_century"><span id="1982_World.27s_Fair_and_20th_century"></span>1982 World's Fair and 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: 1982 World&#039;s Fair and 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitrogen_determination_apparatus,_part_of_research_conducted_during_World_War_II_by_the_Tennessee_Valley_Authority_and_the_University_of_Tennessee,_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Nitrogen_determination_apparatus%2C_part_of_research_conducted_during_World_War_II_by_the_Tennessee_Valley_Authority_and_the_University_of_Tennessee%2C_1942.jpg/170px-Nitrogen_determination_apparatus%2C_part_of_research_conducted_during_World_War_II_by_the_Tennessee_Valley_Authority_and_the_University_of_Tennessee%2C_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Nitrogen_determination_apparatus%2C_part_of_research_conducted_during_World_War_II_by_the_Tennessee_Valley_Authority_and_the_University_of_Tennessee%2C_1942.jpg/255px-Nitrogen_determination_apparatus%2C_part_of_research_conducted_during_World_War_II_by_the_Tennessee_Valley_Authority_and_the_University_of_Tennessee%2C_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Nitrogen_determination_apparatus%2C_part_of_research_conducted_during_World_War_II_by_the_Tennessee_Valley_Authority_and_the_University_of_Tennessee%2C_1942.jpg/340px-Nitrogen_determination_apparatus%2C_part_of_research_conducted_during_World_War_II_by_the_Tennessee_Valley_Authority_and_the_University_of_Tennessee%2C_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption>Research laboratory at U.T. in the early 1940s</figcaption></figure> <p>Knoxville's textile and manufacturing industries largely fell victim to foreign competition in the 1950s and 1960s, and after the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a> in the 1960s, the railroad—which had been largely responsible for Knoxville's industrial growth—began to decline. The rise of suburban shopping malls in the 1970s drew retail revenues away from Knoxville's downtown area. While government jobs and economic diversification prevented widespread unemployment in Knoxville, the city sought to recover the massive loss of revenue by attempting to annex neighboring communities. Knoxville annexed the communities of <a href="/wiki/Bearden,_Knoxville" title="Bearden, Knoxville">Bearden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fountain_City,_Knoxville" title="Fountain City, Knoxville">Fountain City</a>, which were Knoxville's largest <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburbs</a>, in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-big180_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-big180-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knoxville officials attempted the annexation of the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Farragut,_Tennessee" title="Farragut, Tennessee">Farragut</a>-<a href="/wiki/Concord,_Tennessee" title="Concord, Tennessee">Concord</a> community in western Knox County, but the city failed following the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">incorporation</a> of Farragut in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-smith40_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith40-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These annexation attempts often turned combative, and several attempts to <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">consolidate</a> Knoxville and Knox County into a metro government failed, while school boards and the planning commissions would merge on July 1, 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sterchi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Sterchi.jpg/220px-Sterchi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Sterchi.jpg/330px-Sterchi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Sterchi.jpg/440px-Sterchi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>The Sterchi Lofts building, formerly Sterchi Brothers Furniture store, the most prominent building on Knoxville's "100 Block"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunsphere_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunsphere_03.jpg/170px-Sunsphere_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunsphere_03.jpg/255px-Sunsphere_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunsphere_03.jpg/340px-Sunsphere_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sunsphere" title="Sunsphere">Sunsphere</a>, with riders aboard a nearby sky-lift during the <a href="/wiki/1982_World%27s_Fair" title="1982 World&#39;s Fair">1982 World's Fair</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With further annexation attempts stalling, Knoxville initiated several projects aimed at boosting revenue in its downtown area. The <a href="/wiki/1982_World%27s_Fair" title="1982 World&#39;s Fair">1982 World's Fair</a>—the most successful of these projects, with eleven million visitors—became one of the most popular expositions in U.S. history.<sup id="cite_ref-bie1982_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bie1982-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rubik%27s_Cube" title="Rubik&#39;s Cube">Rubik's Cube</a> made its debut at this event.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The fair's energy theme was selected because Knoxville was home to TVA's headquarters and for its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sunsphere" title="Sunsphere">Sunsphere</a>, a 266-foot (81&#160;m) steel truss structure topped with a gold-colored glass sphere, was built for the fair and remains one of Knoxville's most prominent structures,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> along with the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Amphitheater" title="Tennessee Amphitheater">Tennessee Amphitheater</a>. </p><p>During the 1980s and into the 1990s, the city would see one of its largest expansions of its city limits, with a reported 26 square miles of "<a href="/wiki/Shoestring_annexation" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoestring annexation">shoestring annexation</a>" under the administration of Mayor <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ashe" title="Victor Ashe">Victor Ashe</a>. Ashe's efforts were controversial, largely consisting of annexation of interstate <a href="/wiki/Right-of-way_(property_access)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-of-way (property access)">right-of-ways</a>, highway-oriented commercial clusters, and residential subdivisions to increase tax revenue for the city. Residents voiced opposition, citing claims of <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a> and government overreach.<sup id="cite_ref-deannex_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deannex-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century_and_economic_renaissance">21st century and economic renaissance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: 21st century and economic renaissance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knoxville's downtown has been developing, with the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" title="Women&#39;s Basketball Hall of Fame">Women's Basketball Hall of Fame</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Convention_Center" title="Knoxville Convention Center">Knoxville Convention Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Market_Square,_Knoxville#Decline_and_revitalization" title="Market Square, Knoxville">the redevelopment of Market Square</a>, a new visitors center, a <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_East_Tennessee_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of East Tennessee History">regional history museum</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Regal_Entertainment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Regal Entertainment Group">Regal Cinemas</a> theater, several restaurants and bars, and many new and redeveloped condominiums. Since 2000, Knoxville has successfully brought business back to the downtown area. The arts in particular have begun to flourish; there are multiple venues for outdoor concerts, and Gay Street hosts a new arts annex and gallery surrounded by many studios and new businesses as well. The <a href="/wiki/Bijou_Theatre_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" title="Bijou Theatre (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Bijou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Theatre" title="Tennessee Theatre">Tennessee Theatres</a> underwent renovation, providing an initiative for the city and its developers to re-purpose the old downtown.<sup id="cite_ref-revitalize_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revitalize-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Development has also expanded across the Tennessee River on the South Knoxville waterfront. In 2006, the city adopted the South Waterfront Vision Plan, a long-term improvement project to revitalize the 750-acre waterfront fronting three miles of shoreline on the Tennessee River.<sup id="cite_ref-waterfront_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waterfront-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The project's primary focus is the commercial and residential development over a 20-year timeline.<sup id="cite_ref-waterfront_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waterfront-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knoxville Baptist Hospital, located on the waterfront, was demolished in 2016 to make room for a mixed-use project called One Riverwalk.<sup id="cite_ref-oneriverwalk_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oneriverwalk-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The development consisted of three office buildings, including a headquarters for <a href="/wiki/Regal_Entertainment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Regal Entertainment Group">Regal Entertainment Group</a>, a hotel, student housing, and 300 multi-family residential units.<sup id="cite_ref-oneriverwalk_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oneriverwalk-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2020, the Knoxville City Council announced the investment of over $5.5<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>million in federal and local funds towards the development of a business park along the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_275_(Tennessee)" title="Interstate 275 (Tennessee)">Interstate 275</a> corridor in <a href="/wiki/North_Knoxville,_Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="North Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee">North Knoxville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-raucoules_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raucoules-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The project was first proposed by a study prepared Knoxville-Knox County Metropolitan Planning Commission in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-corridorstudy_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corridorstudy-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In August 2020, UT President and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Smokies" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Smokies">Tennessee Smokies</a> owner <a href="/wiki/Randy_Boyd_(university_president)" title="Randy Boyd (university president)">Randy Boyd</a> announced plans of a <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use</a> <a href="/wiki/Baseball_stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball stadium">baseball stadium</a> complex in the <a href="/wiki/Old_City,_Knoxville" title="Old City, Knoxville">Old City</a> neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-oldcitypark_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oldcitypark-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville-from-sharps-ridge-tn2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Knoxville-from-sharps-ridge-tn2.jpg/220px-Knoxville-from-sharps-ridge-tn2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Knoxville-from-sharps-ridge-tn2.jpg/330px-Knoxville-from-sharps-ridge-tn2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Knoxville-from-sharps-ridge-tn2.jpg/440px-Knoxville-from-sharps-ridge-tn2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2065" /></a><figcaption>Downtown Knoxville, with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains" title="Great Smoky Mountains">Great Smoky Mountains</a> rising in the distance, viewed from <a href="/wiki/Sharp%27s_Ridge" title="Sharp&#39;s Ridge">Sharp's Ridge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 104.2 square miles (269.8&#160;km<sup>2</sup>), of which 98.5 square miles (255.2&#160;km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 5.6 square miles (14.6&#160;km<sup>2</sup>), or 5.42%, is water.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2010_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2010-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Elevations range from just over 800 feet (240&#160;m) along the riverfront to just over 1,000 feet (300&#160;m) on various hilltops in West Knoxville,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> with the downtown area setting at just over 900 feet (270&#160;m).<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> High points include <a href="/wiki/Sharp%27s_Ridge" title="Sharp&#39;s Ridge">Sharp's Ridge</a> in North Knoxville at 1,391 feet (424&#160;m) and Brown Mountain in South Knoxville at 1,260 feet (380&#160;m).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knoxville is situated in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Appalachian_Valley" title="Great Appalachian Valley">Great Appalachian Valley</a> (known locally as the Tennessee Valley), about halfway between the <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains" title="Great Smoky Mountains">Great Smoky Mountains</a> to the east and the <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Plateau" title="Cumberland Plateau">Cumberland Plateau</a> to the west. The Great Valley is part of a sub-range of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians</a>, which is characterized by long narrow ridges flanked by broad valleys. Prominent Ridge-and-Valley structures in the Knoxville area include Sharp's Ridge and Beaver Ridge in the northern part of the city, Brown Mountain in South Knoxville, parts of <a href="/wiki/Bays_Mountain" title="Bays Mountain">Bays Mountain</a> just south of the city, and parts of McAnnally Ridge in the northeastern part of the city. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a>, which passes through the downtown area, is formed in southeastern Knoxville at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Holston_River" title="Holston River">Holston River</a>, which flows southwest from Virginia, and the <a href="/wiki/French_Broad_River" title="French Broad River">French Broad River</a>, which flows west from North Carolina. The section of the Tennessee River that passes through Knoxville is part of Fort Loudoun Lake, an artificial reservoir created by TVA's <a href="/wiki/Fort_Loudoun_Dam" title="Fort Loudoun Dam">Fort Loudoun Dam</a> about 30 miles (48&#160;km) downstream in <a href="/wiki/Lenoir_City,_Tennessee" title="Lenoir City, Tennessee">Lenoir City</a>. Notable tributaries of the Tennessee in Knoxville include First Creek and Second Creek, which flow through the downtown area, Third Creek, which flows west of U.T., and Sinking Creek, Ten Mile Creek, and Turkey Creek, which drain West Knoxville. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knoxville falls in the <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfa</i>) zone. Summers are hot and humid, with the daily average temperature in July at 78.4&#160;°F (25.8&#160;°C), and an average of 36 days per year with temperatures reaching 90&#160;°F (32&#160;°C).<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_90F_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_90F-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Winters are generally much cooler and less stable, with occasional small amounts of snow. January has a daily average temperature of 38.2&#160;°F (3.4&#160;°C), with an average of 5 days<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA-K_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-K-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> where the high remains at or below freezing.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The record high for Knoxville is 105&#160;°F (41&#160;°C) on <a href="/wiki/Summer_2012_North_American_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer 2012 North American heat wave">June 30 and July 1, 2012</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> while the record low is −24&#160;°F (−31&#160;°C) on <a href="/wiki/January_1985_Arctic_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1985 Arctic outbreak">January 21, 1985</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Knoxville_Climate_Page_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knoxville_Climate_Page-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Annual precipitation averages just under 52&#160;in (1,320&#160;mm), and normal seasonal snowfall is 4.6&#160;in (12&#160;cm). The one-day record for snowfall is 17.5&#160;in (44&#160;cm), which occurred on February 13, 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Knoxville (<a href="/wiki/McGhee_Tyson_Airport" title="McGhee Tyson Airport">McGhee Tyson Airport</a>), 1991−2020 normals,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> extremes 1871–present<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88<br />(31) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">105<br />(41) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.1<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.7<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.4<br />(25.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.5<br />(29.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.0<br />(31.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.1<br />(33.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.1<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.0<br />(34.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.0<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.8<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.1<br />(20.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">96.0<br />(35.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.2<br />(9.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.8<br />(11.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.4<br />(16.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.2<br />(21.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.9<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.8<br />(31.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.5<br />(28.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.7<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.0<br />(15.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.0<br />(10.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.0<br />(21.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(3.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.9<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.6<br />(10.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.6<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.9<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.3<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.5<br />(25.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.6<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.8<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3<br />(15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.0<br />(9.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.9<br />(5.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59.5<br />(15.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(−1.1) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.8<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.0<br />(8.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.9<br />(13.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.9<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.7<br />(20.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.5<br />(19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.1<br />(16.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.9<br />(9.4) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(3.4) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49.2<br />(9.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(−11.3) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(−8.4) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(−5.2) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(0.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.4<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.6<br />(12.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.4<br />(16.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.9<br />(15.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3<br />(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(−4.4) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(−7.8) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.0<br />(−12.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24<br />(−31) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10<br />(−23) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(−17) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(−6) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42<br />(6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49<br />(9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49<br />(9) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(−4) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(−15) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6<br />(−21) </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−24<br />(−31) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #4AFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.76<br />(121) </td> <td style="background: #37FF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.81<br />(122) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.89<br />(124) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.71<br />(120) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.13<br />(105) </td> <td style="background: #58FF58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.24<br />(108) </td> <td style="background: #38FF38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.25<br />(133) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.63<br />(92) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.49<br />(89) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.81<br />(71) </td> <td style="background: #5AFF5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.21<br />(107) </td> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.00<br />(127) </td> <td style="background: #58FF58; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">51.93<br />(1,319) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.6<br />(12) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">128.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.0 </td> <td style="background: #0707FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.8 </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #BDBD34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.8 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.3 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.9 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">256.6 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">287.2 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">291.1 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">287.3 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">278.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.3 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.2 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.7 </td> <td style="background: #B7B759; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.5 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,613.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA-K_79-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-K-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_area">Metropolitan area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Metropolitan area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Knoxville Metropolitan Area">Knoxville Metropolitan Area</a></div> <p>Knoxville is the central city in the Knoxville Metropolitan Area, an <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> (OMB) designated <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical area</a> (MSA) that covers Knox, <a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_Tennessee" title="Anderson County, Tennessee">Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blount_County,_Tennessee" title="Blount County, Tennessee">Blount</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campbell_County,_Tennessee" title="Campbell County, Tennessee">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grainger_County,_Tennessee" title="Grainger County, Tennessee">Grainger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loudon_County,_Tennessee" title="Loudon County, Tennessee">Loudon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Tennessee" title="Morgan County, Tennessee">Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roane_County,_Tennessee" title="Roane County, Tennessee">Roane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Tennessee" title="Union County, Tennessee">Union</a> counties.<sup id="cite_ref-Censusmetro_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Censusmetro-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Researchers have mapped the Knoxville Metropolitan area as one of the 18 major cities in the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_Atlantic_megaregion" title="Piedmont Atlantic megaregion">Piedmont Atlantic megaregion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Knoxville Metropolitan area includes unincorporated communities such as <a href="/wiki/Halls_Crossroads,_Tennessee" title="Halls Crossroads, Tennessee">Halls Crossroads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Powell,_Tennessee" title="Powell, Tennessee">Powell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karns,_Tennessee" title="Karns, Tennessee">Karns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corryton,_Tennessee" title="Corryton, Tennessee">Corryton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Tennessee" title="Concord, Tennessee">Concord</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mascot,_Tennessee" title="Mascot, Tennessee">Mascot</a>, which are located in Knox County outside of Knoxville's city limits. Along with Knoxville, municipalities in the Knoxville Metropolitan Area include <a href="/wiki/Alcoa,_Tennessee" title="Alcoa, Tennessee">Alcoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaine,_Tennessee" title="Blaine, Tennessee">Blaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryville,_Tennessee" title="Maryville, Tennessee">Maryville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenoir_City,_Tennessee" title="Lenoir City, Tennessee">Lenoir City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loudon,_Tennessee" title="Loudon, Tennessee">Loudon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farragut,_Tennessee" title="Farragut, Tennessee">Farragut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee" title="Oak Ridge, Tennessee">Oak Ridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutledge,_Tennessee" title="Rutledge, Tennessee">Rutledge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Tennessee" title="Clinton, Tennessee">Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bean_Station,_Tennessee" title="Bean Station, Tennessee">Bean Station</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maynardville,_Tennessee" title="Maynardville, Tennessee">Maynardville</a>. As of 2012, the population of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area was 837,571.<sup id="cite_ref-Censusmetro_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Censusmetro-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Knoxville MSA is the chief component of the larger OMB-designated Knoxville-<a href="/wiki/Sevierville" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevierville">Sevierville</a>-<a href="/wiki/LaFollette,_Tennessee" title="LaFollette, Tennessee">La Follette</a> <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">Combined Statistical Area</a> (CSA). The CSA also includes the <a href="/wiki/Morristown,_Tennessee" title="Morristown, Tennessee">Morristown</a> <a href="/wiki/Morristown_metropolitan_area" title="Morristown metropolitan area">Metropolitan Statistical Area</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hamblen_County,_Tennessee" title="Hamblen County, Tennessee">Hamblen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grainger_County,_Tennessee" title="Grainger County, Tennessee">Grainger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Tennessee" title="Jefferson County, Tennessee">Jefferson</a> counties) and the Sevierville (<a href="/wiki/Sevier_County,_Tennessee" title="Sevier County, Tennessee">Sevier County</a>), La Follette (Campbell County), <a href="/wiki/Harriman,_Tennessee" title="Harriman, Tennessee">Harriman</a> (Roane County), and <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Tennessee" title="Newport, Tennessee">Newport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cocke_County,_Tennessee" title="Cocke County, Tennessee">Cocke County</a>) <a href="/wiki/Micropolitan_statistical_area" title="Micropolitan statistical area">micropolitan statistical areas</a>. Municipalities in the CSA but not the Knoxville MSA, include Morristown, Rutledge, <a href="/wiki/Dandridge,_Tennessee" title="Dandridge, Tennessee">Dandridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Tennessee" title="Jefferson City, Tennessee">Jefferson City</a>, Sevierville, <a href="/wiki/Gatlinburg,_Tennessee" title="Gatlinburg, Tennessee">Gatlinburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pigeon_Forge,_Tennessee" title="Pigeon Forge, Tennessee">Pigeon Forge</a>, LaFollette, <a href="/wiki/Jacksboro,_Tennessee" title="Jacksboro, Tennessee">Jacksboro</a>, Harriman, <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Tennessee" title="Kingston, Tennessee">Kingston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockwood,_Tennessee" title="Rockwood, Tennessee">Rockwood</a>, and Newport. The combined population of the CSA as of the 2000 Census was 935,659. Its estimated 2008 population was 1,041,955.<sup id="cite_ref-Censusmetro_89-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Censusmetro-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knoxville is roughly divided into the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Knoxville" title="Downtown Knoxville">Downtown area</a> and sections based on the four cardinal directions: <a href="/wiki/North_Knoxville,_Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="North Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee">North Knoxville</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Knoxville" title="South Knoxville">South Knoxville</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Knoxville" title="East Knoxville">East Knoxville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Knoxville" title="West Knoxville">West Knoxville</a>. Downtown Knoxville traditionally consists of the area bounded by the river on the south, First Creek on the east, Second Creek on the west, and the railroad tracks on the north, though the definition has expanded to include the U.T. campus and Fort Sanders neighborhood,<sup id="cite_ref-parks_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parks-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and several neighborhoods along or just off Broadway south of Sharp's Ridge ("Downtown North").<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> While primarily home to the city's central business district and municipal offices, the Old City and Gay Street are mixed residential and commercial areas. </p><p>South Knoxville consists of the parts of the city located south of the river<sup id="cite_ref-parks_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parks-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and includes the neighborhoods of Vestal, Lindbergh Forest, <a href="/wiki/Island_Home_Park,_Knoxville" title="Island Home Park, Knoxville">Island Home Park</a>, Colonial Hills, and Old Sevier. This area contains major commercial corridors along Chapman Highway and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_129_in_Tennessee" title="U.S. Route 129 in Tennessee">Alcoa Highway</a>. </p><p>West Knoxville generally consists of the areas west of U.T.<sup id="cite_ref-parks_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parks-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and includes the suburban neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_Hills" title="Sequoyah Hills">Sequoyah Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Hills,_Knoxville" title="West Hills, Knoxville">West Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bearden,_Knoxville" title="Bearden, Knoxville">Bearden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Estates" title="Cumberland Estates">Cumberland Estates</a>, Westmoreland, Suburban Hills, <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Bluff,_Knoxville" title="Cedar Bluff, Knoxville">Cedar Bluff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Hill,_Knoxville" title="Rocky Hill, Knoxville">Rocky Hill</a>, and Ebenezer. This area, concentrated largely around Kingston Pike, is home to thriving retail centers such as <a href="/wiki/West_Town_Mall" title="West Town Mall">West Town Mall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey_Creek,_Knoxville" title="Turkey Creek, Knoxville">Turkey Creek</a>. </p><p>East Knoxville consists of the areas east of First Creek and the James White Parkway<sup id="cite_ref-parks_91-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parks-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and includes the neighborhoods of Parkridge, Burlington, Morningside, and Five Points. This area, concentrated along Magnolia Avenue, is home to <a href="/wiki/Chilhowee_Park" title="Chilhowee Park">Chilhowee Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zoo_Knoxville" title="Zoo Knoxville">Zoo Knoxville</a>. </p><p>North Knoxville consists of the areas north of Sharp's Ridge,<sup id="cite_ref-parks_91-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parks-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> namely the Fountain City and Inskip-Norwood areas. This area's major commercial corridor is located along Broadway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_notable_neighborhoods">List of notable neighborhoods</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: List of notable neighborhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearden_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bearden (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Bearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Bluff,_Knoxville" title="Cedar Bluff, Knoxville">Cedar Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilhowee_Park_(neighborhood)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilhowee Park (neighborhood)">Chilhowee Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Village_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Village (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Colonial Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Estates" title="Cumberland Estates">Cumberland Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Knoxville" title="Downtown Knoxville">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Place_Historic_District" title="Emory Place Historic District">Emory Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sanders_(Knoxville_neighborhood)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Sanders (Knoxville neighborhood)">Fort Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_City,_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Fountain City, Tennessee">Fountain City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_neighborhood,_Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Oakland neighborhood, Knoxville, Tennessee">Oakland</a> (former)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_%26_Gill_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth &amp; Gill (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Fourth &amp; Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Home_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Home Park">Island Home Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindbergh_Forest" title="Lindbergh Forest">Lindbergh Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonsdale_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lonsdale (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Lonsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanicsville,_Knoxville" title="Mechanicsville, Knoxville">Mechanicsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hills_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="North Hills Historic District">North Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood-Lincoln_Park,_Knoxville,_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakwood-Lincoln Park, Knoxville, Tennessee">Oakwood-Lincoln Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_Knoxville" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City Knoxville">Old City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_North_Knoxville" title="Old North Knoxville">Old North Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkridge_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkridge (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Parkridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Hill_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky Hill (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Rocky Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_Hills,_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Sequoyah Hills, Tennessee">Sequoyah Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Knoxville" title="South Knoxville">South Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hills_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="West Hills (Knoxville, Tennessee)">West Hills</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>2,076</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>8,682</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>9,693</td><td></td><td>11.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>22,535</td><td></td><td>132.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>32,637</td><td></td><td>44.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>36,346</td><td></td><td>11.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>77,818</td><td></td><td>114.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>105,802</td><td></td><td>36.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>111,580</td><td></td><td>5.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>124,769</td><td></td><td>11.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>111,827</td><td></td><td>−10.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>174,587</td><td></td><td>56.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>175,045</td><td></td><td>0.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>165,121</td><td></td><td>−5.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>173,890</td><td></td><td>5.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>178,874</td><td></td><td>2.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>190,740</td><td></td><td>6.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">198,162</td><td></td><td>3.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">Sources:<sup id="cite_ref-GR9_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR9-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Historical racial composition</th> <th>1970<sup id="cite_ref-historicaldemographics_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historicaldemographics-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th> <th>1990<sup id="cite_ref-historicaldemographics_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historicaldemographics-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th> <th>2000<sup id="cite_ref-censussite_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censussite-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th> <th>2010<sup id="cite_ref-censussite_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censussite-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th> <th>2018 est.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a></td> <td>87.0%</td> <td>82.7%</td> <td>79.9%</td> <td>76.1%</td> <td>76.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a></td> <td>12.7%</td> <td>15.8%</td> <td>16.0%</td> <td>17.1%</td> <td>17.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a></td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td>1.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native</a></td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <span class="nowrap">other <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islander</a></span></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a></td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.7%</td> <td>2.2%</td> <td>1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Two or more races</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.6%</td> <td>2.5%</td> <td>3.1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Knoxville, Tennessee – Racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = Non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP004_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>137,336 </td> <td>132,641 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">130,036 </td> <td>78.98% </td> <td>74.15% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">68.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>28,015 </td> <td>30,257 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">30,123 </td> <td>16.11% </td> <td>16.92% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">15.79% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>504 </td> <td>496 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">547 </td> <td>0.29% </td> <td>0.28% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>2,516 </td> <td>2,875 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4,323 </td> <td>1.45% </td> <td>1.61% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>45 </td> <td>198 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">105 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>276 </td> <td>315 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">830 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.44% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or Multiracial</a> (NH) </td> <td>2,447 </td> <td>3,886 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">9,616 </td> <td>1.41% </td> <td>2.17% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>2,751 </td> <td>8,206 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">15,160 </td> <td>1.58% </td> <td>4.59% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">7.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>173,890</b> </td> <td><b>178,874</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>190,740</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, there were 190,740 people, 83,492 households, and 40,405 families residing in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_census">2010 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: 2010 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> of 2010, the population of Knoxville was 178,874, a 2.9% increase from 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The median age was 32.7,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> with 19.1% of the population under the age of 18, and 12.6% over the age of 65.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The population was 48% male and 52% female. The population density was 1,815 persons per square mile.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The racial and ethnic composition of the city was 76.1% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">white</a>, 17.1% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">black</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 1.6% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, and 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 4.6% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> People reporting more than one race formed 2.5% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Data collected by the Census from 2005 to 2009 reported 83,151 households in Knoxville, with an average of 2.07 persons per household.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The home ownership rate was 51%, and 74.7% of residents had been living in the same house for more than one year.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The median household income was $32,609, and the per capita income was $21,528.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> High school graduates were 83.8% of persons 25 and older, and 28.3% had earned a bachelor's degree or higher.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The city's poverty rate was 25%, compared with 16.1% in Tennessee and 15.1% nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the opinion of the Economic Research Institute in a 2006 study, Knoxville was identified as the most affordable U.S. city for new college graduates, based on the ratio of typical salary to cost of living.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Crime_Reports" title="Uniform Crime Reports">Uniform Crime Reports</a> for Knoxville for 2017:<sup id="cite_ref-FBI_UCR_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBI_UCR-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>City of Knoxville only</th> <th>Knoxville <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">MSA</a></th> <th>Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants </th></tr> <tr> <td>Violent Crime</td> <td>1,676</td> <td>3,852</td> <td>440.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Murder &amp; Nonnegligent Manslaughter</td> <td>33</td> <td>60</td> <td>6.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rape</td> <td>145</td> <td>311</td> <td>35.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robbery</td> <td>371</td> <td>528</td> <td>60.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aggravated Assault</td> <td>1,127</td> <td>2,953</td> <td>337.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Property Crime</td> <td>10,211</td> <td>22,730</td> <td>2,596.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Burglary</td> <td>1,665</td> <td>4,387</td> <td>501.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Larceny/Theft</td> <td>7,510</td> <td>15,953</td> <td>1,822.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Motor Vehicle Theft</td> <td>1,036</td> <td>2,390</td> <td>273.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2011, 15.9% of the Knoxville MSA work force was employed by government entities, while 14.1% were employed in the professional service sector, 14% worked in education or health care, 12.7% were employed in the retail sector, 10.5% worked in leisure and hospitality, and 8.9% worked in the manufacturing sector.<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The region had an unemployment rate of 7.9% in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the 2010 <a href="/wiki/ACCRA_Cost_of_Living_Index" title="ACCRA Cost of Living Index">ACCRA Cost of Living Index</a> was rated 89.6 (the national average was 100).<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2007, there were over 19,000 registered businesses in Knoxville.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The city's businesses are served by the 2,100-member Knoxville Area Chamber Partnership.<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Knoxville Chamber is one of six partners in the Knoxville-Oak Ridge Innovation Valley, which promotes economic development in Knox and surrounding counties.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_corporations">Major corporations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Major corporations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The TVA, the nation's largest public power provider,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> reported $10.5<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>billion in revenue in 2021<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and employs over 12,000 region-wide.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The largest company based in Knoxville is privately held <a href="/wiki/Pilot_Flying_J" title="Pilot Flying J">Pilot Flying J</a>, the nation's largest truck stop chain and sixth-largest private company, which reported over $29.23<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>billion in revenue in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knoxville is home to the nation's fourth-largest wholesale grocer, the <a href="/wiki/H._T._Hackney_Company" title="H. T. Hackney Company">H. T. Hackney Company</a>, which reported $3.8<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>billion (~$4.9&#160;billion in 2023) in revenue in 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and one of the nation's largest digital-centric advertising firms, <a href="/wiki/Tombras_Group" title="Tombras Group">Tombras Group</a>, which reported $80<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>million in revenue in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other notable privately held companies based in the city include <a href="/wiki/Bush_Brothers_and_Company" title="Bush Brothers and Company">Bush Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_Ray" title="Sea Ray">Sea Ray</a> (and its parent company <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Boat_Group" title="Brunswick Boat Group">Brunswick Boat Group</a>), <a href="/wiki/Thermocopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermocopy">Thermocopy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petro%27s_Chili_%26_Chips" title="Petro&#39;s Chili &amp; Chips">Petro's Chili &amp; Chips</a>, <a href="/wiki/EdFinancial_Services" title="EdFinancial Services">EdFinancial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurgo" title="Kurgo">Kurgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/21st_Mortgage" class="mw-redirect" title="21st Mortgage">21st Mortgage</a> and <a href="/wiki/AC_Entertainment" title="AC Entertainment">AC Entertainment</a>. Also based in Knoxville are movie theater chain <a href="/wiki/Regal_Cinemas" title="Regal Cinemas">Regal Cinemas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bolpublic_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bolpublic-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and health care-staffing firm <a href="/wiki/TeamHealth" title="TeamHealth">TeamHealth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bolpublic_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bolpublic-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_estate">Real estate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Real estate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Knoxville area is home to 596 office buildings which contain over 21<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>million square feet of office space.<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The city's largest office building in terms of office space is the <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_City-County_Building" title="Knoxville City-County Building">City-County Building</a>, which has over 537,000 square feet of office space. The First Tennessee Plaza and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverview_Tower&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Riverview Tower (page does not exist)">Riverview Tower</a> were the largest privately owned office buildings, with 469,672 square feet and 367,000 square feet, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knoxville's largest industrial park is the 1,460-acre (590&#160;ha) Forks of the River Industrial Park in southeastern Knoxville.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other major industrial and business parks include the 800-acre (320&#160;ha) EastBridge Industrial Park and Midway Business Park in eastern Knox County and the 271-acre (110&#160;ha) WestBridge Industrial Park in western Knox County. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finance">Finance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Finance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest bank operating in Knoxville in terms of local deposits is Memphis-based <a href="/wiki/First_Horizon_Bank" title="First Horizon Bank">First Horizon Bank</a>, with $2.6<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>billion (~$3.41&#160;billion in 2023) in local deposits, representing about 16% of Knoxville's banking market.<sup id="cite_ref-bookoflistsbanks_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bookoflistsbanks-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is followed by Charlotte-based <a href="/wiki/Truist_Financial" title="Truist Financial">Truist Financial</a> ($2.5<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>billion), Birmingham-based <a href="/wiki/Regions_Financial_Corporation" title="Regions Financial Corporation">Regions Bank</a> ($1.9<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>billion), and locally headquartered Home Federal Bank of Tennessee ($1.6<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>billion).<sup id="cite_ref-bookoflistsbanks_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bookoflistsbanks-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other banks with significant operations in the city include <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>, First Bank (based in <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Tennessee" title="Lexington, Tennessee">Lexington, Tennessee</a>), and locally owned Clayton Bank and Trust. Major brokerage firms with offices in Knoxville include <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jones_Investments" title="Edward Jones Investments">Edward Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley_Smith_Barney" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Stanley Smith Barney">Morgan Stanley Smith Barney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Merrill_Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrill Lynch">Merrill Lynch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As of 2011, Knox County's largest mortgage lender (by dollar volume) was Wells Fargo with over $300<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>million (13% of the local market), followed by Mortgage Investors Group, SunTrust, Regions, and Home Federal.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knoxville's largest accounting firm as of 2012 is Pershing Yoakley &amp; Associates, with 49 local <a href="/wiki/Certified_Public_Accountant" title="Certified Public Accountant">CPAs</a>, followed by Coulter &amp; Justus (44), and Pugh CPA's(43).<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: Manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over 700 manufacturing establishments are scattered throughout the Knoxville area.<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sea Ray Boats is the city's largest manufacturer, employing 760 at its southeast Knoxville complex in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-kcmanufacturers_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kcmanufacturers-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The city is home to several automobile parts operations, including ARC Automotive (air bag actuators) and a Key Safety Systems plant (seat belts and other restraints).<sup id="cite_ref-kcmanufacturers_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kcmanufacturers-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other major manufacturing operations include a Melaleaca plant (personal care products), a <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> bottling plant, and a <a href="/wiki/Gerdau" title="Gerdau">Gerdau Ameristeel</a> plant that produces steel rebar. Aircraft manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Cirrus_Aircraft" title="Cirrus Aircraft">Cirrus</a> also has its main customer delivery center based in Knoxville, which deals with aircraft maintenance &amp; repair, flight training, and design personalization. Major manufacturing operations in the Knoxville MSA are conducted at the Y-12 plant in Oak Ridge, the DENSO plant and the Clayton Homes manufacturing center (both in Maryville), and the ALCOA plants in Alcoa.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retail">Retail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Retail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Knoxville area is home to 182 shopping centers and factory outlets, and over 2,400 retail establishments.<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One regional mall (<a href="/wiki/West_Town_Mall" title="West Town Mall">West Town Mall</a>) is located within the city, and two others (<a href="/wiki/Foothills_Mall_(Tennessee)" title="Foothills Mall (Tennessee)">Foothills Mall</a> in Maryville and <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_City_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Ridge City Center">Oak Ridge City Center</a> in Oak Ridge) are located within the Knoxville MSA. Knoxville retailers reported $6.47<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>billion in sales in 2007, with just over $35,000 of retail sales per capita.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_100-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knoxville's primary retail corridor is located along Kingston Pike in West Knoxville. This area is home to West Town Mall, the 358-acre <a href="/wiki/Turkey_Creek_(Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey Creek (Tennessee)">Turkey Creek complex</a> (half is in Knoxville and half is <a href="/wiki/Farragut,_Tennessee" title="Farragut, Tennessee">Farragut</a>), and over 30 shopping centers.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Downtown Knoxville contains a number of specialty shops, clubs, and dining areas, mostly concentrated in the Old City, Market Square, and along Gay Street. Other significant retail areas are located along Cumberland Avenue on the U.T. campus (mostly restaurants), Broadway in the vicinity of Fountain City, and Chapman Highway in South Knoxville. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technology_and_research">Technology and research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: Technology and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a> is classified by the Carnegie Commission as a university with "very high research activity", conducting more than $300<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>million in externally funded research annually.<sup id="cite_ref-battelle_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-battelle-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> U.T.-connected research centers with multimillion-dollar <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> grants include the Appalachian Collaborative Center for Learning, Assessment and Instruction in Mathematics, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Computational_Sciences" title="National Institute for Computational Sciences">National Institute for Computational Sciences</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Mathematical_and_Biological_Synthesis" title="National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis">National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis</a>, and the Center for Ultra-wide-area Resilient Electric Energy Transmission Networks (CURENT).<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> U.T. and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> jointly conduct numerous research projects and co-manage the <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Research_Center" title="National Transportation Research Center">National Transportation Research Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-battelle_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-battelle-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tennessee Technology Corridor stretches across 7,000 acres (2,800&#160;ha) between West Knoxville and Oak Ridge. The Corridor is home to 13 <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> firms employing nearly 2,000.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_East_Tennessee" title="Music of East Tennessee">Music of East Tennessee</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville%27s_Bijou_Theatre_following_Melvins_concert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Knoxville%27s_Bijou_Theatre_following_Melvins_concert.jpg/220px-Knoxville%27s_Bijou_Theatre_following_Melvins_concert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Knoxville%27s_Bijou_Theatre_following_Melvins_concert.jpg/330px-Knoxville%27s_Bijou_Theatre_following_Melvins_concert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Knoxville%27s_Bijou_Theatre_following_Melvins_concert.jpg/440px-Knoxville%27s_Bijou_Theatre_following_Melvins_concert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Concertgoers exiting the <a href="/wiki/Bijou_Theatre_(Knoxville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijou Theatre (Knoxville)">Bijou Theatre</a> following a <a href="/wiki/Melvins" title="Melvins">Melvins</a> concert, circa June 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>Knoxville is home to a rich arts community and has many festivals throughout the year. Its contributions to old-time, bluegrass and country music are numerous, from <a href="/wiki/Flatt_and_Scruggs" title="Flatt and Scruggs">Flatt and Scruggs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homer_and_Jethro" title="Homer and Jethro">Homer and Jethro</a> to <a href="/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">The Everly Brothers</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Knoxville Symphony Orchestra">Knoxville Symphony Orchestra</a> (KSO), established in 1935, is the oldest continuing orchestra in the southeast.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The KSO maintains a core of full-time professional musicians and performs at more than 200 events per year. Its traditional venues include the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Theatre" title="Tennessee Theatre">Tennessee Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bijou_Theatre_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" title="Bijou Theatre (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Bijou Theatre</a>, and the Civic Auditorium, though it also performs at several non-traditional venues. The <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Opera" title="Knoxville Opera">Knoxville Opera</a> performs a season of opera every year, accompanied by a chorus.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knoxville was the location of <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Sergei Rachmaninoff</a>'s final concert in 1943, performed at Alumni Memorial Auditorium at the University of Tennessee.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knoxville's underground music scene is rooted with the promotion by <a href="/wiki/AC_Entertainment" title="AC Entertainment">AC Entertainment</a> around 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-summer79_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summer79-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> AC Entertainment, a local entertainment group, sought to expand the city's scene.<sup id="cite_ref-scene_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scene-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the 1990s, noted <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a> critic Ann Powers referred to the city as "<a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austin,_Texas" title="Music of Austin, Texas">Austin</a> without the hype".<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knoxville is home to a vibrant <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> scene, having emerged from venues in the Old City district, specifically the Mill &amp; Mine and Pilot Light venues.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Such punk and hardcore bands include UXB, the STDs, and Koro.<sup id="cite_ref-blush_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blush-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vicdeli_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vicdeli-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neelymusic_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neelymusic-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knoxville hosts the <a href="/wiki/Big_Ears_Festival" title="Big Ears Festival">Big Ears</a> <a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">music festival</a> since 2009. The festival, dubbed the "most ambitious <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> festival in America in more than a decade" in a 2014 <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> article, hosts musicians ranging from punk rock to <a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">chamber pop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bigears2014_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bigears2014-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city also hosts numerous art festivals, including the 17-day <a href="/wiki/Dogwood_Arts_Festival" title="Dogwood Arts Festival">Dogwood Arts Festival</a> in April, which features art shows, crafts fairs, food and live music. Also in April is the Rossini Festival, which celebrates opera and Italian culture. June's Kuumba (meaning creativity in <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>) Festival commemorates the region's African American heritage and showcases visual arts, folk arts, dance, games, music, storytelling, theater, and food. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg/220px-Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg/330px-Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg/440px-Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Skyline of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Knoxville" title="Downtown Knoxville">Downtown Knoxville</a>, 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tennessee_Amphitheater_in_Knoxville,_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tennessee_Amphitheater_in_Knoxville%2C_2015.jpg/220px-Tennessee_Amphitheater_in_Knoxville%2C_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tennessee_Amphitheater_in_Knoxville%2C_2015.jpg/330px-Tennessee_Amphitheater_in_Knoxville%2C_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tennessee_Amphitheater_in_Knoxville%2C_2015.jpg/440px-Tennessee_Amphitheater_in_Knoxville%2C_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Tennessee Amphitheater in Knoxville, 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>Knoxville's two tallest buildings are the 27-story First Tennessee Plaza and the 24-story Riverview Tower, both on Gay Street.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other prominent high-rises include the Tower at Morgan Hill,<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson_Building" title="Andrew Johnson Building">Andrew Johnson Building</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the Knoxville Hilton, the <a href="/wiki/General_Building" title="General Building">General Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Holston" title="The Holston">The Holston</a>, the TVA Towers,<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and Sterchi Lofts. The most iconic structure is arguably the <a href="/wiki/Sunsphere" title="Sunsphere">Sunsphere</a>, a 266-foot (81&#160;m) steel truss tower built for the 1982 World's Fair;<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> it and the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Amphitheater" title="Tennessee Amphitheater">Tennessee Amphitheater</a> are the only two structures that remain from that World's Fair.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The downtown area contains a mixture of architectural styles from various periods, ranging from the hewn-log James White House (1786) to the modern <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Museum_of_Art" title="Knoxville Museum of Art">Knoxville Museum of Art</a> (1990). Styles represented include <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_City_Hall_(Knoxville)" title="Old City Hall (Knoxville)">Old City Hall</a>), <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> (Hotel St. Oliver and Sullivan's Saloon), <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Church_Street_Methodist_Church_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Street Methodist Church (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Church Street Methodist Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayres_Hall" title="Ayres Hall">Ayres Hall</a>), <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> (First Baptist Church), and <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_and_Courthouse_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" title="United States Post Office and Courthouse (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Knoxville Post Office</a>). Gay Street, Market Square, and Jackson Avenue contain numerous examples of late-19th and early-20th century commercial architecture. </p><p>Residential architecture tends to reflect the city's development over two centuries. <a href="/wiki/William_Blount_Mansion" title="William Blount Mansion">William Blount Mansion</a> (1791), in the oldest part of the city, is designed in a vernacular <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a> style. "Streetcar suburbs" such as <a href="/wiki/Fourth_and_Gill,_Knoxville" title="Fourth and Gill, Knoxville">Fourth and Gill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parkridge,_Knoxville" title="Parkridge, Knoxville">Parkridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sanders,_Knoxville" title="Fort Sanders, Knoxville">Fort Sanders</a>, developed in the late 19th century with the advent of <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">trolleys</a>, tend to contain large concentrations of Victorian and <a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">bungalow</a>/<a href="/wiki/American_Craftsman" title="American Craftsman">Craftsman</a>-style houses popular during this period. Early automobile suburbs, such as <a href="/wiki/Lindbergh_Forest" title="Lindbergh Forest">Lindbergh Forest</a> and Sequoyah Hills, contain late-1920s and 1930s styles such as <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor Revival</a>, English Cottage, and <a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission Revival</a>. Neighborhoods developed after World War II typically consist of <a href="/wiki/Ranch-style_house" title="Ranch-style house">Ranch-style houses</a>. </p><p>Knoxville is home to the nation's largest concentration of homes designed by noted Victorian residential architect <a href="/wiki/George_Franklin_Barber" title="George Franklin Barber">George Franklin Barber</a>, who lived in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other notable local architects include members of the <a href="/wiki/Baumann_family_(architects)" title="Baumann family (architects)">Baumann family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I._Barber" title="Charles I. Barber">Charles I. Barber</a> (son of George), <a href="/wiki/R._F._Graf" title="R. F. Graf">R. F. Graf</a>, and more recently, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_McCarty" title="Bruce McCarty">Bruce McCarty</a>. Nationally renowned architects with works still standing in the city include <a href="/wiki/Alfred_B._Mullett" title="Alfred B. Mullett">Alfred B. Mullett</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greystone_(Knoxville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greystone (Knoxville)">Greystone</a>), <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Pope" title="John Russell Pope">John Russell Pope</a> (H.L. Dulin House), and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Larrabee_Barnes" title="Edward Larrabee Barnes">Edward Larrabee Barnes</a> (Knoxville Museum of Art). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Knoxville Christmas in the City event runs for eight weeks of events at locations throughout the city including the <a href="/wiki/Singing_Christmas_Tree" title="Singing Christmas Tree">Singing Christmas Tree</a> and ice skating on the Holidays on Ice skating rink.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Asian Festival<sup id="cite_ref-knoxasian_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knoxasian-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ears_Festival" title="Big Ears Festival">Big Ears Festival</a><sup id="cite_ref-bigears2014_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bigears2014-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Boo At The Zoo<sup id="cite_ref-boozoo_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boozoo-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Brewfest<sup id="cite_ref-brewfest_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brewfest-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Concerts on the Square<sup id="cite_ref-onsquare_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onsquare-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogwood_Arts_Festival_(Knoxville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogwood Arts Festival (Knoxville)">Dogwood Arts Festival</a><sup id="cite_ref-dogwoodarts_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dogwoodarts-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fantasy of Trees<sup id="cite_ref-fotetch_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fotetch-155"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Festival on the Fourth<sup id="cite_ref-festivalon4th_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-festivalon4th-156"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>First Friday ArtWalk<sup id="cite_ref-artwalk_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artwalk-157"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Greek Fest<sup id="cite_ref-greekfest_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greekfest-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>HoLa Festival<sup id="cite_ref-HOLA_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOLA-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Biscuit_Festival" title="International Biscuit Festival">International Biscuit Festival</a><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knox Food Fest<sup id="cite_ref-knoxfoodfest_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knoxfoodfest-161"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knoxville Hardcore Fest<sup id="cite_ref-khcfb_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khcfb-162"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knoxville Horror Film Festival<sup id="cite_ref-horrorfest_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horrorfest-163"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Marathon" title="Knoxville Marathon">Knoxville Marathon</a><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knoxville Powerboat Classic<sup id="cite_ref-TRVpoweboat_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRVpoweboat-165"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Market Square Farmers' Market<sup id="cite_ref-nourishmarkets_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nourishmarkets-166"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>NSRA Street Rod Nationals South<sup id="cite_ref-nsra_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsra-167"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Rhythm &amp; Blooms Festival<sup id="cite_ref-rnbfest_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnbfest-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rossini Festival<sup id="cite_ref-rossini2022_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rossini2022-169"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Fair" title="Tennessee Valley Fair">Tennessee Valley Fair</a><sup id="cite_ref-winnett_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winnett-170"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vestival<sup id="cite_ref-vestival_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vestival-171"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Volapalooza<sup id="cite_ref-volapalooza_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-volapalooza-172"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sites_of_interest">Sites of interest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edit section: Sites of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krutchpark.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Krutchpark.JPG/170px-Krutchpark.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Krutchpark.JPG/255px-Krutchpark.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Krutchpark.JPG/340px-Krutchpark.JPG 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Krutch Park in Downtown Knoxville</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Beck Cultural Exchange Center</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijou_Theatre_(Knoxville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijou Theatre (Knoxville)">Bijou Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleak_House_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" title="Bleak House (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Bleak House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blount_Mansion" title="William Blount Mansion">William Blount Mansion</a></li> <li>Fountain City Art Center</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candoro_Marble_Works" title="Candoro Marble Works">Candoro Marble Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_White_Civic_Coliseum" class="mw-redirect" title="James White Civic Coliseum">Civic Coliseum</a></li> <li>Fort Dickerson</li> <li>Haley Heritage Square</li> <li>Ijams Nature Center</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_White%27s_Fort" title="James White&#39;s Fort">James White's Fort</a></li> <li>Knoxville Botanical Gardens and Arboretum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Convention_Center" title="Knoxville Convention Center">Knoxville Convention Center</a></li> <li>Knoxville Greenways</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Museum_of_Art" title="Knoxville Museum of Art">Knoxville Museum of Art</a></li> <li>Knoxville Police Museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_Knoxville" title="Zoo Knoxville">Zoo Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabry-Hazen_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Mabry-Hazen House">Mabry-Hazen House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Springs" title="Marble Springs">Marble Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Square,_Knoxville" title="Market Square, Knoxville">Market Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._McClung_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank H. McClung Museum">Frank H. McClung Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_East_Tennessee_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of East Tennessee History">Museum of East Tennessee History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places,_Knox_County,_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="National Register of Historic Places, Knox County, Tennessee">National Register of Historic Places, Knox County, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_Knoxville" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City Knoxville">Old City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_House_(Knox_County,_Tennessee)" title="Ramsey House (Knox County, Tennessee)">Ramsey House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunsphere" title="Sunsphere">Sunsphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Amphitheater" title="Tennessee Amphitheater">Tennessee Amphitheater</a></li> <li>Tennessee River Boat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Theatre" title="Tennessee Theatre">Tennessee Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Rambler" title="Three Rivers Rambler">Three Rivers Rambler</a> Train Ride</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Landing" title="Volunteer Landing">Volunteer Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" title="Women&#39;s Basketball Hall of Fame">Women's Basketball Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_World%27s_Fair" title="1982 World&#39;s Fair">World's Fair Park</a></li> <li>Knoxville's Urban Wilderness</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Edit section: Libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawson_McGhee_Library_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lawson_McGhee_Library_01.jpg/220px-Lawson_McGhee_Library_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lawson_McGhee_Library_01.jpg/330px-Lawson_McGhee_Library_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lawson_McGhee_Library_01.jpg/440px-Lawson_McGhee_Library_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lawson_McGhee_Library" title="Lawson McGhee Library">Lawson McGhee Library</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Knox County Public Library system consists of the <a href="/wiki/Lawson_McGhee_Library" title="Lawson McGhee Library">Lawson McGhee Library</a>, located downtown, and 17 branch libraries, overseeing a collection of over 1.3<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>million volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The University of Tennessee's athletics programs, nicknamed the "<a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Volunteers" title="Tennessee Volunteers">Volunteers</a>", or "the Vols", are immensely popular. <a href="/wiki/Neyland_Stadium" title="Neyland Stadium">Neyland Stadium</a>, where the Vols' football team plays, is one of the largest stadiums in the world seating 101,915,<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Thompson%E2%80%93Boling_Arena" title="Thompson–Boling Arena">Thompson–Boling Arena</a>, home of the men's and women's basketball teams, is one of the nation's largest indoor basketball arenas. The telephone area code for Knox County and eight adjacent counties is 865 (VOL). Knoxville is also the home of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" title="Women&#39;s Basketball Hall of Fame">Women's Basketball Hall of Fame</a>, almost entirely thanks to the success of <a href="/wiki/Pat_Summitt" title="Pat Summitt">Pat Summitt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Lady_Volunteers_basketball" title="Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball">University of Tennessee women's basketball team</a>. </p><p>Professional sports teams located in Knoxville include: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>League </th> <th>Venue (Capacity) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Ice_Bears" title="Knoxville Ice Bears">Knoxville Ice Bears</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SPHL" title="SPHL">SPHL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Civic_Coliseum" title="Knoxville Civic Coliseum">Knoxville Civic Coliseum</a> (6,500) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Smokies" title="Knoxville Smokies">Knoxville Smokies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_League_(1964%E2%80%93present)" title="Southern League (1964–present)">Southern League</a> (Double-A) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Health_Park" title="Covenant Health Park">Covenant Health Park</a> (7,500) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/One_Knoxville_SC" title="One Knoxville SC">One Knoxville SC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USL_League_One" title="USL League One">USL League One</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regal_Stadium" title="Regal Stadium">Regal Stadium</a> (3,000) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knoxville is governed by a mayor and nine-member City Council. It uses the strong-mayor form of the <a href="/wiki/Mayor-council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">mayor-council system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The council consists of six members from <a href="/wiki/Single-member_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-member districts">single-member districts</a> and three members elected <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a> for the entire city. The council chooses from among its members the vice mayor (currently Tommy Smith), the Beer Board chairperson (currently Lauren Rider), and a representative to the Knoxville Transportation Authority (currently Debbie Helsley).<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The City Council meets every other Tuesday at 7:00<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>p.m. in the Main Assembly Room of the <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_City-County_Building" title="Knoxville City-County Building">City County Building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current mayor is <a href="/wiki/Indya_Kincannon" title="Indya Kincannon">Indya Kincannon</a>, who was sworn in as the city's second female mayor on December 21, 2019, replacing the first female mayor of the city, <a href="/wiki/Madeline_Rogero" title="Madeline Rogero">Madeline Rogero</a>, who was elected in 2011. Interim mayor <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brown_(politician)" title="Daniel Brown (politician)">Daniel Brown</a>, the first African American to hold the office, was appointed in January 2011 following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Bill_Haslam" title="Bill Haslam">Bill Haslam</a>, who was elected Governor of Tennessee. Other recent mayors include Haslam's predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ashe" title="Victor Ashe">Victor Ashe</a> (1987−2003), <a href="/wiki/Kyle_Testerman" title="Kyle Testerman">Kyle Testerman</a> (1972−1975, 1984−1987), and <a href="/wiki/Randy_Tyree" title="Randy Tyree">Randy Tyree</a> (1976−1983). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville_Police.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Knoxville_Police.jpg/220px-Knoxville_Police.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Knoxville_Police.jpg/330px-Knoxville_Police.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Knoxville_Police.jpg/440px-Knoxville_Police.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Police_Department" title="Knoxville Police Department">Knoxville Police Department</a> headquarters</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Fire_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Knoxville Fire Department">Knoxville Fire Department</a> (KFD) provides Class<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>2 <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> service inside the city limits. The fire department operates 19 stations with 308 uniformed personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> KFD provides firefighting, first responder EMS response, vehicle extrication and HazMat response within the city limits. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Police_Department" title="Knoxville Police Department">Knoxville Police Department</a> serves the citizens of Knoxville with 378 officers and a total of 530 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>911 ambulance service inside Knoxville is provided by AMR Ambulance under contract with Knox County.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knoxville is home to the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Supreme_Court" title="Tennessee Supreme Court">Tennessee Supreme Court</a>'s courthouse for <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_Council">City Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Edit section: City Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knoxville is governed by a mayor and a nine-member City Council, six of which represent from single-member districts and three members are elected at-large. Council members are elected through a nonpartisan, district-wide primary in which top two vote-getters advance to a city-wide runoff election in November. Council members are elected to serve a four-year term that is eligible for reelection once.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>List of City Council Members </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>District</th> <th>Member</th> <th>Took Office </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Tommy Smith</td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Andrew Roberto</td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Seema Singh</td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Lauren Rider</td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Charles Thomas</td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Gwen McKenzie</td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>At-large A</td> <td>Lynne Fugate</td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>At-large B</td> <td>Debbie Helsley</td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>At-large C</td> <td>Amelia Parker</td> <td>2019 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_mayors">List of mayors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="Edit section: List of mayors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mayoral_elections_in_Knoxville" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayoral elections in Knoxville">Mayoral elections in Knoxville</a></div> <p>Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Tennessee#Government_and_politics" title="Knox County, Tennessee">Mayor of Knox County</a> </p> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="75%" align="left"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#F5DEB3"><small>Mayors of Knoxville, Tennessee</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Emmerson" title="Thomas Emmerson">Thomas Emmerson</a>, 1816-1817<sup id="cite_ref-mayors_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayors-181"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>James Park, 1818–1821</li> <li>William C. Mynatt, 1822–1823, 1827, 1835–1836</li> <li>James Park, 1824–1826</li> <li>Joseph Churchill Strong, 1828–1831</li> <li>Donald McIntosh, 1832–1833</li> <li>Solomon D. Jacobs, 1834–1835</li> <li>Frederick Steidinger Heiskell, 1835</li> <li>James King, 1837</li> <li>William Baine Alexander Ramsey, 1838–1839</li> <li>Samuel Bell, 1840–1841, 1844–1845</li> <li>Gideon Morgan Hazen, 1842</li> <li>Matthew Moore Gaines, 1843</li> <li>Joseph Lewis King, 1846</li> <li>Samuel B. Boyd, 1847–1851</li> <li>George McNutt White, 1852–1853</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Luttrell" title="James C. Luttrell">James C. Luttrell</a>, 1854, 1859–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_Swan" title="William Graham Swan">William Graham Swan</a>, 1855–1856</li> <li>James Harvey Cowan, 1856, 1858</li> <li>Thomas J. Powell, 1857</li> <li>Samuel Davies Carrick White, 1857</li> <li>Albert Morgan Piper, 1858</li> <li>Charles James McClung, 1858</li> <li>Joseph Jaques, 1858, 1878</li> <li>James M. White, 1858</li> <li>Marcus DeLafayette Bearden, 1868–1869</li> <li>John Somers Van Gilder, 1870–1872</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rule_(American_editor)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rule (American editor)">William Rule</a>, 1873, 1898–1899</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Staub" title="Peter Staub">Peter Staub</a>, 1874–1875, 1881–1882</li> <li>Daniel A. Carpenter, 1876–1877</li> <li>Samuel Bell Luttrell, 1879</li> <li>Hardy Bryan Branner, 1880</li> <li>Reuben S. Payne, 1882</li> <li>William Clark Fulcher, 1883–1884</li> <li>James Churchwell Luttrell, III, 1885–1887</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Condon" title="Martin Condon">Martin Condon</a>, 1888–1889</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kern_(American_businessman)" title="Peter Kern (American businessman)">Peter Kern</a>, 1890–1891</li> <li>M. E. Thompson, 1892–1895</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gordon_Heiskell" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Gordon Heiskell">Samuel Gordon Heiskell</a>, 1896–1897, 1900–1901, 1906–1907, 1910–1915</li> <li>Joseph Tedford McTeer, 1902–1903</li> <li>John Paul Murphy, 1904</li> <li>William H. Gass, 1904–1905</li> <li>John McMillan Brooks, 1908–1909</li> <li>Sam E. Hill, 1912</li> <li>John Edgar McMillan, 1916–1919</li> <li>Ernest Wesley Neal, 1920–1923</li> <li>Benjamin A. Morton, 1924–1927</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Fowler" title="James Alexander Fowler">James Alexander Fowler</a>, 1928–1929</li> <li>James A. Trent, 1930–1931</li> <li>John T. O'Connor, 1932–1935</li> <li>James W. Elmore, 1936–1937</li> <li>Walter W. Mynatt, 1938–1939</li> <li>Frederick Leland "Fred" Allen, 1940–1941</li> <li>Fred R. Stair, 1942–1943</li> <li>Erastus Eugene Patton, 1944–1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cas_Walker" title="Cas Walker">Cas Walker</a>, 1946 and 1959</li> <li>Edward L. Chavannes, 1946–1947</li> <li>James W. Elmore, Jr., 1948–1951</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Roby_Dempster" title="George Roby Dempster">George Roby Dempster</a>, 1952–1955</li> <li>Jack W. Dance, 1956–1959</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Duncan_Sr." title="John Duncan Sr.">John J. Duncan</a>, 1959–1964</li> <li>Robert L. Crossley, 1964</li> <li>Leonard Reid Rogers, 1965–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Testerman" title="Kyle Testerman">Kyle Testerman</a>, 1972–1975, 1984–1987</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Tyree" title="Randy Tyree">Randy Tyree</a>, 1976–1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ashe" title="Victor Ashe">Victor Ashe</a>, 1988–2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Haslam" title="Bill Haslam">Bill Haslam</a>, 2003–2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brown_(politician)" title="Daniel Brown (politician)">Daniel Brown</a>, 2011, first African-American mayor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeline_Rogero" title="Madeline Rogero">Madeline Rogero</a>, 2011–2019</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indya_Kincannon" title="Indya Kincannon">Indya Kincannon</a>, 2019–</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UT-McClungPlaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/UT-McClungPlaza.jpg/220px-UT-McClungPlaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/UT-McClungPlaza.jpg/330px-UT-McClungPlaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/UT-McClungPlaza.jpg/440px-UT-McClungPlaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The University of Tennessee at Knoxville is the state's flagship public university. (Pictured: McClung Plaza)</figcaption></figure> <p>Knoxville is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee_at_Knoxville" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Tennessee at Knoxville">main campus of the University of Tennessee</a> (UTK), which has operated in the city since the 1790s. As of 2011, UTK had an enrollment of over 27,000 and endowments of over $300<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>million.<sup id="cite_ref-bolcolleges_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bolcolleges-182"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The school employs over 1,300 instructional faculty, and offers more than 300 degree programs.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pellissippi_State_Community_College" title="Pellissippi State Community College">Pellissippi State Community College</a> is a two-year school governed by the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Board_of_Regents" title="Tennessee Board of Regents">Tennessee Board of Regents</a> that offers <a href="/wiki/College_transfer" title="College transfer">transfer</a> programs, two-year degrees, and certificate programs. Its main campus is located off <a href="/wiki/Pellissippi_Parkway" title="Pellissippi Parkway">Pellissippi Parkway</a> in western Knox County. As of 2011, the school had a system-wide enrollment of over 11,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Johnson_University" title="Johnson University">Johnson University</a> (formerly Johnson Bible College) is a <a href="/wiki/Bible_college" title="Bible college">Bible college</a> affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_churches_and_churches_of_Christ" title="Christian churches and churches of Christ">Christian churches and churches of Christ</a>. As of 2012, the school had an enrollment of 845. Johnson traditionally specializes in training preachers and ministers, but also offers degrees in counseling, teaching, music, and nonprofit management.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/South_College" title="South College">South College</a> (formerly Knoxville Business College) is a <a href="/wiki/For-profit_school" class="mw-redirect" title="For-profit school">for-profit school</a> located in West Knoxville that offers undergraduate and graduate programs in business, health care, criminal justice, and legal fields. The school had an enrollment of 717 as of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_College" title="Knoxville College">Knoxville College</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black college">historically black college</a> that began operating in Knoxville in the 1870s. The school offered a Bachelor of Science in Liberal Studies and an Associate of Arts degree. Knoxville College had an enrollment of about 100 students as of 2010 and closed permanently in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Institutions with <a href="/wiki/Satellite_campus" title="Satellite campus">branch campuses</a> in Knoxville include <a href="/wiki/Carson-Newman_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Carson-Newman University">Carson-Newman University</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_University" title="King University">King University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial_University" title="Lincoln Memorial University">Lincoln Memorial University</a> (namely, the Duncan School of Law), <a href="/wiki/National_College_of_Business_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="National College of Business &amp; Technology">National College of Business &amp; Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roane_State_Community_College" title="Roane State Community College">Roane State Community College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strayer_University" title="Strayer University">Strayer University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Wesleyan_University" title="Tennessee Wesleyan University">Tennessee Wesleyan University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tusculum_University" title="Tusculum University">Tusculum University</a>. <a href="/wiki/Virginia_College" title="Virginia College">Virginia College</a> offers career programs in Knoxville.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Huntington_University_of_Health_Sciences" title="Huntington University of Health Sciences">Huntington University of Health Sciences</a>, which offers <a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">distance courses</a> in nutrition and health, has its offices in Knoxville. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_education">Primary and secondary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public schools in Knoxville are part of the <a href="/wiki/Knox_County_Schools" title="Knox County Schools">Knox County Schools</a> system, which oversees 89 schools (50 elementary, 14 middle, 14 high, and 11 adult centers) serving over 56,000 students. This system includes five <a href="/wiki/Magnet_school" title="Magnet school">magnet schools</a> and a <a href="/wiki/STEM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEM fields">STEM</a> academy.<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knox County high schools had a graduation rate of 86.6%, as of 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The average classroom ratio is 14 students per teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knox County is home to over 50 private and parochial schools,<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the largest of which include the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Academy_of_Knoxville" title="Christian Academy of Knoxville">Christian Academy of Knoxville</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Webb_School_of_Knoxville" title="Webb School of Knoxville">Webb School of Knoxville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Catholic_High_School" title="Knoxville Catholic High School">Knoxville Catholic High School</a>, Concord Christian School, Grace Christian Academy, Cedar Springs Weekday School, and Sacred Heart Cathedral School.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Tennessee" title="List of newspapers in Tennessee">List of newspapers in Tennessee</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Tennessee" title="List of radio stations in Tennessee">List of radio stations in Tennessee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Tennessee" title="List of television stations in Tennessee">List of television stations in Tennessee</a></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_News_Sentinel" title="Knoxville News Sentinel">Knoxville News Sentinel</a></i> is the local daily newspaper in Knoxville, with a daily circulation of 97,844 and a Sunday circulation of 124,225, as of 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Knoxville Focus</i> is a community news publication.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is home to several weekly, bi-weekly, and monthly publications.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>As of 2011, the Knoxville <a href="/wiki/Designated_market_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Designated market area">television market</a> was the 61st largest in the U.S. with 527,790 homes, according to Nielsen Market Research.<sup id="cite_ref-Nielsen_Data_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nielsen_Data-204"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The largest local television station is <a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="National Broadcasting Company">NBC</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WBIR-TV" title="WBIR-TV">WBIR-TV</a>, with 28,305 viewing households, followed by <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WATE-TV" title="WATE-TV">WATE-TV</a> (23,559), <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Broadcasting_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Broadcasting System">CBS</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WVLT-TV" title="WVLT-TV">WVLT-TV</a> (20,052), <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WTNZ" title="WTNZ">WTNZ</a> (10,319), and <a href="/wiki/The_CW_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="The CW Television Network">CW</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WBXX-TV" title="WBXX-TV">WBXX-TV</a> (5,415).<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other local stations include <a href="/wiki/WKNX-TV" title="WKNX-TV">WKNX-TV</a> (Ind.), <a href="/wiki/WVLR_(TV)" title="WVLR (TV)">WVLR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Television_Network" title="Christian Television Network">CTN</a>) and <a href="/wiki/WPXK-TV" title="WPXK-TV">WPXK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion</a>). <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_PBS" class="mw-redirect" title="East Tennessee PBS">East Tennessee PBS</a> operates Knoxville's <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">Public Broadcasting Service</a> station at WKOP 17. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Discovery,_Inc." title="Discovery, Inc.">Discovery, Inc.</a> operates the former <a href="/wiki/Scripps_Networks_Interactive" title="Scripps Networks Interactive">Scripps Networks Interactive</a> <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a> networks from Knoxville, including <a href="/wiki/HGTV" title="HGTV">HGTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Network" title="Magnolia Network">Magnolia Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cooking_Channel" title="Cooking Channel">Cooking Channel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scripps_Networks_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scripps_Networks-206"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jewelry_Television" title="Jewelry Television">Jewelry Television</a>, a home shopping channel, is also based in the city, and several companies that provide production services to the ex-SNI networks also maintain Knoxville operations. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Arbitron" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitron">Arbitron</a>'s 2011 Radio Market Rankings, Knoxville had the nation's 72nd-largest radio market, with 684,700 households.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> station <a href="/wiki/WIVK-FM" title="WIVK-FM">WIVK</a> (107.7 FM) had the market's highest <a href="/wiki/AQH_share" title="AQH share">AQH share</a> at 16.3, followed by adult contemporary station <a href="/wiki/WJXB-FM" title="WJXB-FM">WJXB</a> (97.5 FM) at 10.1, and news/talk station <a href="/wiki/WCYQ" title="WCYQ">WCYQ</a> (100.3 FM) at 8.3.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other stations include <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music</a> stations <a href="/wiki/WIMZ-FM" title="WIMZ-FM">WIMZ</a> (103.5 FM) and <a href="/wiki/WNFZ" title="WNFZ">WNFZ</a> (94.3), <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_Airplay_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythmic Airplay Chart">Rhythmic Top 40</a> station <a href="/wiki/WKHT" title="WKHT">WKHT</a> (104.5 FM), <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio" title="Contemporary hit radio">contemporary hit</a> station <a href="/wiki/WWST" title="WWST">WWST</a> (102.1 FM), and <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a> station <a href="/wiki/WUOT" title="WUOT">WUOT</a> (91.9 FM). The University of Tennessee radio station operates under <a href="/wiki/WUTK-FM" title="WUTK-FM">WUTK</a> (90.3 FM). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming_location">Filming location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39" title="Edit section: Filming location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of films and television programs were filmed in the city, such as the 1999 film <i><a href="/wiki/October_Sky" title="October Sky">October Sky</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-october_sky_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-october_sky-209"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the 2000 film <i><a href="/wiki/Road_Trip_(2000_film)" title="Road Trip (2000 film)">Road Trip</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a> campus,<sup id="cite_ref-tripfilm_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tripfilm-210"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Box_of_Moonlight" title="Box of Moonlight">Box of Moonlight</a></i>, starring John Turturro and Sam Rockwell,<sup id="cite_ref-turczyn_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turczyn-211"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> scenes from the 2004 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Heart_Is_Deceitful_Above_All_Things" title="The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things">The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Woman In Hiding</i>, a 1949 <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a> starring actress <a href="/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Ida Lupino</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the 2017 film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Movie_Star" title="The Last Movie Star">The Last Movie Star</a></i>, which was one of the last films to star <a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-campbellfilm_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campbellfilm-215"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knox County's hospital system contains over 2,600 licensed beds in seven general use hospitals and one children's hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The city's largest hospital as of 2011 was the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee_Medical_Center" title="University of Tennessee Medical Center">University of Tennessee Medical Center</a>, which had 581 beds, followed by <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sanders_Regional_Medical_Center" title="Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center">Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center</a> (541), Parkwest Medical Center (462), and Physicians Regional (370).<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The city's largest ambulatory surgery center was the Parkwest Surgery Center, which employed 58 physicians and 35 nurses, followed by the Fort Sanders West Outpatient Surgery Center and the St. Mary's Ambulatory Surgery Center South.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>2021 County Health Rankings places Knox county at 13th out the 95 counties. Life expectancy was 76.3 years. Health behaviors noted: 19% smokers versus state average of 21%, 29% of the population is obese vs 33% for the state, excessive drinking is 19% vs 17%, drug overdoses 52 per 100,000 with the state at 28 overdoses per 100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2010s, Knoxville's air quality continued to greatly improve over that of past decades according to the American Lung Association's State of the Air 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42" title="Edit section: Utilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Knoxville Utilities Board (KUB) provides electricity, water, and wastewater management to Knoxville residents and businesses. KUB's service area covers 688 square miles and includes over 5,200 miles of power lines providing electricity to over 196,000 customers.<sup id="cite_ref-kubelectricity_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kubelectricity-221"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The average electric bill was just over $96 per month.<sup id="cite_ref-bolutil_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bolutil-222"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> KUB purchases its electricity from the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kubelectricity_221-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kubelectricity-221"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Highways">Highways</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=44" title="Edit section: Highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville-hall-of-fame-drive-tn1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Knoxville-hall-of-fame-drive-tn1.jpg/220px-Knoxville-hall-of-fame-drive-tn1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Knoxville-hall-of-fame-drive-tn1.jpg/330px-Knoxville-hall-of-fame-drive-tn1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Knoxville-hall-of-fame-drive-tn1.jpg/440px-Knoxville-hall-of-fame-drive-tn1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2801" data-file-height="1710" /></a><figcaption>The James White Parkway connects <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40" title="Interstate 40">I-40</a> with Downtown Knoxville.</figcaption></figure> <p>The two principal interstate highways serving Knoxville are <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40_in_Tennessee" title="Interstate 40 in Tennessee">Interstate 40</a>, which connects the city to <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville</a> (directly) and <a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Tennessee" title="Bristol, Tennessee">Bristol</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Interstate_81_in_Tennessee" title="Interstate 81 in Tennessee">I-81</a>) to the east and <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75" title="Interstate 75">Interstate 75</a>, which connects the city to <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga</a> to the south and <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a> to the north. The two interstates merge about 20 miles (32&#160;km) west of Downtown Knoxville near <a href="/wiki/Dixie_Lee_Junction,_Tennessee" title="Dixie Lee Junction, Tennessee">Dixie Lee Junction</a> and diverge as they approach the Downtown area, with I-40 continuing on through the Downtown area and I-75 turning north. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_640" title="Interstate 640">Interstate 640</a> provides a <a href="/wiki/Bypass_(road)" title="Bypass (road)">bypass</a> for I-40 travelers, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_275_(Tennessee)" title="Interstate 275 (Tennessee)">Interstate 275</a> provides a faster connection to I-75 for Downtown travelers headed north. A spur route of I-40, <a href="/wiki/Pellissippi_Parkway" title="Pellissippi Parkway">Interstate 140</a> (Pellissippi Parkway), connects West Knoxville with <a href="/wiki/McGhee_Tyson_Airport" title="McGhee Tyson Airport">McGhee Tyson Airport</a> and Maryville.<sup id="cite_ref-tdotmap_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdotmap-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to its reconstruction for the 1982 World's Fair tourism traffic, the interchange of I-75 (now I-275) and I-40 was known as "Malfunction Junction", because its consistent state of traffic jammed throughout daily.<sup id="cite_ref-lakinjct_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lakinjct-224"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knoxville's busiest road is a stretch of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_129_in_Tennessee" title="U.S. Route 129 in Tennessee">U.S. Route 129</a> known as Alcoa Highway, which connects the Downtown area with McGhee Tyson Airport and Maryville.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A merged stretch of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_70_in_Tennessee" title="U.S. Route 70 in Tennessee">US-70</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_11_in_Tennessee" title="U.S. Route 11 in Tennessee">US-11</a> enters the city from the east along Magnolia Avenue, winds its way through the Downtown area, crosses the U.T. campus along Cumberland Avenue ("The Strip"), and proceeds through West Knoxville along <a href="/wiki/Kingston_Pike" title="Kingston Pike">Kingston Pike</a>. US-11 splits into <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_11E" title="U.S. Route 11E">US-11E</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_11W" title="U.S. Route 11W">11W</a> in Downtown, with the former connecting Knoxville to <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Tennessee" title="Jefferson City, Tennessee">Jefferson City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morristown,_Tennessee" title="Morristown, Tennessee">Morristown</a>, and the latter with <a href="/wiki/Rutledge,_Tennessee" title="Rutledge, Tennessee">Rutledge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bean_Station,_Tennessee" title="Bean Station, Tennessee">Bean Station</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_441_in_Tennessee" title="U.S. Route 441 in Tennessee">US-441</a>, which connects Knoxville to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, passes along Broadway in North Knoxville, Henley Street in the Downtown area, and Chapman Highway in South Knoxville. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_25W_(Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 25W (Tennessee)">US-25W</a>, which enters from the east concurrent with US-70, connects Knoxville with <a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Tennessee" title="Clinton, Tennessee">Clinton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tdotmap_223-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdotmap-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville-R.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Knoxville-R.jpg/220px-Knoxville-R.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Knoxville-R.jpg/330px-Knoxville-R.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Knoxville-R.jpg/440px-Knoxville-R.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Bridges over the Tennessee River</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_158" title="Tennessee State Route 158">State Route 158</a> (SR 158) loops around the Downtown area from Kingston Pike just west of UT's campus, southward and eastward along Neyland Drive and the riverfront, and northward along the James White Parkway before terminating at I-40. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_62" title="Tennessee State Route 62">SR 62</a> (Western Avenue, Oak Ridge Highway), connects Downtown Knoxville with <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee" title="Oak Ridge, Tennessee">Oak Ridge</a> to the west. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_168" title="Tennessee State Route 168">SR 168</a>, known as Governor John Sevier Highway, runs along the eastern and southern periphery of the city. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_162" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee State Route 162">SR 162</a> (Pellissippi Parkway) connects West Knoxville with Oak Ridge. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_331" title="Tennessee State Route 331">SR 331</a> (Tazewell Pike) connects the <a href="/wiki/Fountain_City,_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Fountain City, Tennessee">Fountain City</a> area to rural northeast Knox County. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_332" title="Tennessee State Route 332">SR 332</a> (Northshore Drive) connects West Knoxville and <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Knox_County,_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Concord, Knox County, Tennessee">Concord</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_33" title="Tennessee State Route 33">SR 33</a> (Maryville Pike, Maynardville Pike) traverses much of South Knoxville southward, and connects to the suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Halls_Crossroads,_Tennessee" title="Halls Crossroads, Tennessee">Halls Crossroads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maynardville,_Tennessee" title="Maynardville, Tennessee">Maynardville</a> northward.<sup id="cite_ref-tdotmap_223-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdotmap-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four vehicle bridges connect Downtown Knoxville with South Knoxville, namely the South Knoxville Bridge (James White Parkway), the <a href="/wiki/Gay_Street_Bridge" title="Gay Street Bridge">Gay Street Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gay_Street_(Knoxville)" title="Gay Street (Knoxville)">Gay Street</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Henley_Street_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Henley Street Bridge">Henley Street Bridge</a>, or Henley Bridge (Henley Street), and the J. E. "Buck" Karnes Bridge (Alcoa Highway). Two railroad bridges, located between the Henley Street Bridge and Buck Karnes Bridge, serve the CSX and Northfolk Southern railroads. Smaller bridges radiating out from the downtown area include the Western Avenue Viaduct and Clinch Avenue Viaduct, the Robert Booker Bridge (Summit Hill Drive), the Hill Avenue Viaduct, and the Gay Street Viaduct.<sup id="cite_ref-tdotmap_223-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdotmap-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mass_transit">Mass transit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=45" title="Edit section: Mass transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public transportation is provided by <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Area_Transit" title="Knoxville Area Transit">Knoxville Area Transit</a> (KAT), which operates over 80 buses, <a href="/wiki/Tourist_trolley" title="Tourist trolley">road trolleys</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">paratransit</a> vehicles, and transports more than 3.6<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>million passengers per year. Regular routes connect the Downtown area, U.T., and most residential areas with major shopping centers throughout the city. KAT operates using city, state, and federal funds, and passenger fares, and is managed by <a href="/wiki/Veolia_Transport" title="Veolia Transport">Veolia Transport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=46" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knoxville and the surrounding area is served by <a href="/wiki/McGhee_Tyson_Airport" title="McGhee Tyson Airport">McGhee Tyson Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/IATA" class="mw-redirect" title="IATA">IATA</a>:TYS), a 2,250-acre (910&#160;ha) airport equipped with two runways, one a 10,000-foot (3,000&#160;m) runway, and the other a 9,000-foot (2,700&#160;m) runway. The airport is located 10 miles south of Knoxville in <a href="/wiki/Alcoa,_Tennessee" title="Alcoa, Tennessee">Alcoa</a>, but is owned by the non-profit Metropolitan Knoxville Airport Authority (MKAA).<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FAA_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAA-228"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> McGhee Tyson offers eight major airlines serving 19 non-stop destinations, and averages 120 arrivals and departures per day. The airport includes the 21-acre (8.5&#160;ha) Air Cargo Complex, which serves FedEx, UPS, and Airborne Express. The <a href="/wiki/McGhee_Tyson_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="McGhee Tyson Air National Guard Base">McGhee Tyson Air National Guard Base</a>, located adjacent to the civilian airport, is home to the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee National Guard">Tennessee National Guard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/134th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="134th Air Refueling Wing">134th Air Refueling Wing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MKAA also owns the <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Downtown_Island_Airport" title="Knoxville Downtown Island Airport">Downtown Island Airport</a>, a 200-acre (81&#160;ha) <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> facility located on Dickinson's Island in southeast Knoxville. This airport is equipped with a 3,500-foot (1,100&#160;m) runway, and averages about 225 operations per day. Over 100 aircraft, mostly single-engine planes, are based at the airport.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railroads">Railroads</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=47" title="Edit section: Railroads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Street_Railway_Lines_of_the_Knoxville_Railway_and_Light_Company_c_1907.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Map_of_Street_Railway_Lines_of_the_Knoxville_Railway_and_Light_Company_c_1907.png/220px-Map_of_Street_Railway_Lines_of_the_Knoxville_Railway_and_Light_Company_c_1907.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Map_of_Street_Railway_Lines_of_the_Knoxville_Railway_and_Light_Company_c_1907.png/330px-Map_of_Street_Railway_Lines_of_the_Knoxville_Railway_and_Light_Company_c_1907.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Map_of_Street_Railway_Lines_of_the_Knoxville_Railway_and_Light_Company_c_1907.png/440px-Map_of_Street_Railway_Lines_of_the_Knoxville_Railway_and_Light_Company_c_1907.png 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="1364" /></a><figcaption>Map of Street Railway Lines of the Knoxville Railway and Light Company c 1907</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KXHRLOCAL1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/KXHRLOCAL1.jpg/220px-KXHRLOCAL1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/KXHRLOCAL1.jpg/330px-KXHRLOCAL1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/KXHRLOCAL1.jpg/440px-KXHRLOCAL1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_and_Holston_River_Railroad" title="Knoxville and Holston River Railroad">Knoxville and Holston River Railroad</a> MP15AC #2002 leads a train through Tyson Park near downtown Knoxville.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rail freight in Knoxville is handled by two <a href="/wiki/Class_I_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Class I railroad">Class I railroads</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk Southern">Norfolk Southern</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/Shortline_railroad" title="Shortline railroad">shortline</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_and_Holston_River_Railroad" title="Knoxville and Holston River Railroad">Knoxville and Holston River Railroad</a>. Railroads account for about 12% of the Knoxville area's outbound freight and 16% of the area's inbound freight.<sup id="cite_ref-krtpo_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krtpo-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The city has two major rail terminals: the Burkhart Enterprises terminal at the Forks of the River Industrial Park just east of the city, and the TransFlo facility adjacent to the U.T. campus.<sup id="cite_ref-krtpo_231-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krtpo-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knoxville's two old passenger stations, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Terminal,_Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Southern Terminal, Knoxville, Tennessee">Southern Terminal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/L%26N_Station_(Knoxville)" title="L&amp;N Station (Knoxville)">L&amp;N Station</a>, now serve non-railroad functions. </p><p>Norfolk Southern, which controls about 210 miles (340&#160;km) of tracks in the Knoxville area,<sup id="cite_ref-krtpo_231-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krtpo-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> averages 35 freight trains through the city per day,<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and operates a major <a href="/wiki/Classification_yard" title="Classification yard">classification yard</a>, the John Sevier Yard, just east of the city. The company uses a small rail yard near the I-40/I-275 interchange in Downtown Knoxville for a staging area.<sup id="cite_ref-krtpo_231-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krtpo-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Norfolk Southern system includes spur lines to the coal fields around <a href="/wiki/Middlesboro,_Kentucky" title="Middlesboro, Kentucky">Middlesboro, Kentucky</a>, and the ALCOA plants in Blount County.<sup id="cite_ref-krtpo_231-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krtpo-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>CSX controls about 76 miles (122&#160;km) of tracks in the Knoxville area, much of which is located along an important north–south line between Cincinnati and Louisville to the north and Chattanooga and Atlanta to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-krtpo_231-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krtpo-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Minor switching operations for CSX occur at the TransFlo facility near the U.T. campus.<sup id="cite_ref-krtpo_231-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krtpo-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The CSX system includes spur lines to TVA's <a href="/wiki/Bull_Run_Fossil_Plant" title="Bull Run Fossil Plant">Bull Run Fossil Plant</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> in Anderson County, and the ALCOA plants in Blount County.<sup id="cite_ref-krtpo_231-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krtpo-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Knoxville and Holston River Railroad (KXHR) is a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Gulf_and_Ohio_Railways" title="Gulf and Ohio Railways">Gulf and Ohio Railways</a>, a shortline holding company headquartered at the <a href="/wiki/James_Park_House" title="James Park House">James Park House</a> in Downtown Knoxville. The KXHR operates a 19-mile (31&#160;km) line between the Burkhart terminal at Forks of the River and the Coster Yard in North Knoxville, where the freight is transferred to CSX and Norfolk Southern lines or <a href="/wiki/Transloading" title="Transloading">transloaded</a> onto trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-krtpo_231-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krtpo-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The KXHR also manages the <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Locomotive_Works" title="Knoxville Locomotive Works">Knoxville Locomotive Works</a> at the Coster Yard, and operates the <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Rambler" title="Three Rivers Rambler">Three Rivers Rambler</a></i>, a tourist train that runs along the riverfront.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Historic_passenger_service">Historic passenger service</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=48" title="Edit section: Historic passenger service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the mid-20th century three railroads and their stations operated regular trains, serving points north, east, south and west: the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_and_Nashville_Railroad" title="Louisville and Nashville Railroad">Louisville and Nashville Railroad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/L%26N_Station_(Knoxville)" title="L&amp;N Station (Knoxville)">L&amp;N Station</a> (last train operating there, 1968), the <a href="/wiki/Smoky_Mountain_Railroad" title="Smoky Mountain Railroad">Smoky Mountain Railroad</a>'s station and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Railway (US)">Southern Railway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Southern_Terminal,_Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Southern Terminal, Knoxville, Tennessee">Southern Terminal</a> (last train operating there, 1970). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="River_transport">River transport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=49" title="Edit section: River transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knoxville is an international port connected via navigable channels to the nation's inland waterways and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>. The city's waterfront lies just under 700 river miles from the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> (via the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio</a> rivers),<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and just under 900 river miles from <a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile, Alabama</a>, on the Gulf of Mexico (via the Tennessee River and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee-Tombigbee_Waterway" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway">Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> TVA maintains a minimum 9-foot (2.7&#160;m) channel on the entirety of the Tennessee River. The minimum size of locks on Tennessee River and Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway dams is 600 feet (180&#160;m) by 110 feet (34&#160;m).<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most commercial shipping on the Tennessee River is provided by <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barges</a>, which deliver on average half a million tons of cargo to Knoxville per year, mostly <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">asphalt</a>, road salt, and steel and <a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">coke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rollin_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rollin-237"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Burkhart Enterprises operates the city's most active public barge terminal at its Forks of the River facility, handling approximately 350,000 tons of barge cargo per year.<sup id="cite_ref-rollin_237-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rollin-237"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knoxville Barge and Chattanooga-based Serodino, Inc., provide barge shipping services to and from the city. </p><p>Recreational craft that frequent the river include small <a href="/wiki/Johnboat" title="Johnboat">johnboats</a>, fishing boats and yachts. Boat slips and a marina are located at Volunteer Landing in the Downtown area. The VOL Navy, a flotilla of several dozen boats, swarms the river during weeks when the U.T. football team plays at Neyland Stadium. Cruise lines operating in the city include the <i>Volunteer Princess</i>, a luxury yacht, and the <i>Star of Knoxville</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Paddle_steamer" title="Paddle steamer">paddlewheel riverboat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=50" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knoxville has appeared in music, literature and television. Film director <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> was born in Knoxville, and the city and East Tennessee are frequently mentioned in his films, such as in the 1994 film <i><a href="/wiki/Pulp_Fiction" title="Pulp Fiction">Pulp Fiction</a></i>, in which <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Willis" title="Bruce Willis">Bruce Willis</a>' character (and the watch given to him by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Walken" title="Christopher Walken">Christopher Walken</a>'s character) is from Knoxville.<sup id="cite_ref-tarantinoknox_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tarantinoknox-238"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In literature, author <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a> is from Knoxville, and several of his books feature the city, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Suttree" title="Suttree">Suttree</a></i>, a 1979 semi-autobiographical novel. <a href="/wiki/James_Agee" title="James Agee">James Agee</a> also lived in the city, and his 1957 posthumous autobiographical novel <i><a href="/wiki/A_Death_in_the_Family" title="A Death in the Family">A Death in the Family</a></i> provides a portrait of life in Knoxville, while also wrestling with the death of Agee's father in a car accident, and the impact this had on his family.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> wrote about a gunfight in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Knoxville" title="Downtown Knoxville">downtown Knoxville</a> involving <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mabry_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Mabry Jr.">Joseph Mabry Jr.</a>, owner of the city's antebellum <a href="/wiki/Mabry-Hazen_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Mabry-Hazen House">Mabry-Hazen House</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Life_on_the_Mississippi" title="Life on the Mississippi">Life on the Mississippi</a></i> from 1883. Several other books take place in fictionalized versions of the city, such as the 1915 <a href="/wiki/Anne_W._Armstrong" title="Anne W. Armstrong">Anne W. Armstrong</a> novel, <i>The Seas of God</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/David_Madden_(novelist)" title="David Madden (novelist)">David Madden</a>'s 1974 novel, <i>Bijou</i>, is set in a fictional city known as "Cherokee", based on Knoxville.<sup id="cite_ref-mighty_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mighty-241"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first part of <a href="/wiki/James_Herman_Robinson" title="James Herman Robinson">James Herman Robinson</a>'s 1950 autobiography, <i>The Road Without Turning</i>, takes place in Knoxville,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Encyclopedic_content" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not"><span title="The material preceding this tag may lack sufficient importance. (April 2022)">importance?</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> and "The Man in the Overstuffed Chair", a 1985 short story by playwright <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a>, gives a brief description of the death of Williams' father, Cornelius, at a Knoxville hospital, and his subsequent burial at <a href="/wiki/Old_Gray_Cemetery" title="Old Gray Cemetery">Old Gray Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pulitzer Prize-winning author <a href="/wiki/Peter_Matthew_Hillsman_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Matthew Hillsman Taylor">Peter Taylor</a>'s last novel in 1994, <i>In the Tennessee Country</i>, refers to a "Knoxville cemetery" where the main character's grandfather (a fictitious politician) is buried. This may refer to Old Gray Cemetery, where Taylor's own grandfather, Governor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Love_Taylor" title="Robert Love Taylor">Robert Love Taylor</a>, was originally buried in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Swiss travel writer <a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Schwarzenbach" title="Annemarie Schwarzenbach">Annemarie Schwarzenbach</a> visited Knoxville in the 1930s, and wrote an essay about the city, "Auf der Schattenseite von Knoxville", which was published in the December 1937 edition of the Swiss magazine, <i><a href="/wiki/Basler_Zeitung" title="Basler Zeitung">National Zeitung</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of songs and music compositions are about or feature Knoxville as well. "<a href="/wiki/The_Knoxville_Girl" title="The Knoxville Girl">The Knoxville Girl</a>", first recorded in 1924, is traditional <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_music" title="Appalachian music">Appalachian ballad</a>. Classical composer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Barber" title="Samuel Barber">Samuel Barber</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Knoxville:_Summer_of_1915" title="Knoxville: Summer of 1915">Knoxville: Summer of 1915</a>" from 1947 is a voice &amp; orchestra piece based on 1938 short prose by <a href="/wiki/James_Agee" title="James Agee">James Agee</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dire_Straits" title="Dire Straits">Dire Straits</a> guitarist <a href="/wiki/Mark_Knopfler" title="Mark Knopfler">Mark Knopfler</a> recorded a song entitled "Daddy's Gone to Knoxville" on his 2002 solo album, <i>The Ragpicker's Dream</i>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> "<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Thunder_Road" title="The Ballad of Thunder Road">The Ballad of Thunder Road</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a> references Knoxville's Bearden community, and other musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Steve_Earle" title="Steve Earle">Steve Earle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Milsap" title="Ronnie Milsap">Ronnie Milsap</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Hank Williams, Jr.">Hank Williams, Jr.</a> have mentioned the city in lyrics. Hank Williams, Hank Jr.'s father, spent his <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hank_Williams" title="Death of Hank Williams">last day alive</a> in Knoxville as well. Country singer <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Chesney" title="Kenny Chesney">Kenny Chesney</a> is from Knoxville. </p><p>A number of early country music songs were recorded in Knoxville as the "St. James Sessions" in 1930, such as "Satan is Busy In Knoxville" by Leola Manning.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-a129_246-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a129-246"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=51" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knoxville has seven <a href="/wiki/Sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister cities">sister cities</a> as designated by <a href="/wiki/Sister_Cities_International" title="Sister Cities International">Sister Cities International</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-sisters_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sisters-247"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yesan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesan">Yesan</a>, Republic of Korea</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm">Chełm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Lublin Voivodeship">Lublin Voivodeship</a>, Poland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, People's Republic of China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>, Republic of China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a>, Greece</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Muroran" title="Muroran">Muroran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Neuquen" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuquen">Neuquen</a>, Argentina</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=52" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/32px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/48px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/64px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tennessee" title="Portal:Tennessee">Tennessee portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Knox County, Tennessee">National Register of Historic Places listings in Knox County, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="List of people from Knoxville, Tennessee">List of people from Knoxville, Tennessee</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=53" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tennessee Code 2-13-208 requires all municipal elections and their respective offices to be <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisanism">nonpartisan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2-13-208_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2-13-208-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1915, 1921, 1990, and 2013, no day the entire year remained at or below freezing.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA-K_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-K-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This contributed to the winter of 1959−60 being the snowiest on record, with a total of 56.7&#160;in (144&#160;cm). On the other extreme, five winters, most recently 2007−08, have recorded only a trace of snowfall.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA-K_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-K-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official records for Knoxville kept January 1871 to February 1942 at downtown and at McGhee Tyson Airport since March 1942. For more information, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org">Threadex</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=54" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ask Doc Knox, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725133600/http://blogs.metropulse.com/ask_dr_knox/2010/05/whats-with-all-this-marble-cit.html">What's With All This Marble City Business?</a>" <i>Metro Pulse</i>, May 10, 2010. Accessed at the Internet Archive, October 1, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deaderick-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-deaderick_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lucile Deaderick, <i>Heart of the Valley: A History of Knoxville, Tennessee</i> (Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, 1976).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Banker, <i>Appalachians All: East Tennessee and the Elusive History of an American Region</i> (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2010), p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Neely, <i>From the Shadow Side: And Other Stories of Knoxville, Tennessee</i> (Tellico Books, 2003).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006044114/http://utdailybeacon.com/news/2013/nov/5/knoxvillians-capitalize-citys-scruffy-reputation/">"Knoxvillians capitalize on the city's 'scruffy' reputation &#124; The Daily Beacon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://utdailybeacon.com/news/2013/nov/5/knoxvillians-capitalize-citys-scruffy-reputation/">the original</a> on October 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Knoxvillians+capitalize+on+the+city%27s+%27scruffy%27+reputation+%26%23124%3B+The+Daily+Beacon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Futdailybeacon.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2Fnov%2F5%2Fknoxvillians-capitalize-citys-scruffy-reputation%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Neely, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxmercury.com/2015/07/09/a-knoxville-vacation/">A Knoxville Vacation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015181956/http://www.knoxmercury.com/2015/07/09/a-knoxville-vacation/">Archived</a> October 15, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Knoxville Mercury</i>, July 9, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-campbell-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-campbell_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2018" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, Chuck (March 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxnews.com/story/entertainment/2018/03/27/5-facts-knoxville-might-surprise-you/447688002/">"5 nerdy things you don't know about Knoxville"</a>. <i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Knoxville+News+Sentinel&amp;rft.atitle=5+nerdy+things+you+don%27t+know+about+Knoxville&amp;rft.date=2018-03-27&amp;rft.aulast=Campbell&amp;rft.aufirst=Chuck&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2F2018%2F03%2F27%2F5-facts-knoxville-might-surprise-you%2F447688002%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2-13-208-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2-13-208_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawserver.com/law/state/tennessee/tn-code/tennessee_code_2-13-208">"Tennessee Code 2-13-208 – Municipal elections to be nonpartisan"</a>. <i>LawServer.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=LawServer.com&amp;rft.atitle=Tennessee+Code+2-13-208+%E2%80%93+Municipal+elections+to+be+nonpartisan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawserver.com%2Flaw%2Fstate%2Ftennessee%2Ftn-code%2Ftennessee_code_2-13-208&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mtas-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mtas_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtas.tennessee.edu/city/knoxville">"Knoxville"</a>. <i>Municipal Technical Advisory Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Municipal+Technical+Advisory+Service&amp;rft.atitle=Knoxville&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtas.tennessee.edu%2Fcity%2Fknoxville&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-government-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-government_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxvilletn.gov/government">"Government"</a>. <i>City of Knoxville</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=City+of+Knoxville&amp;rft.atitle=Government&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxvilletn.gov%2Fgovernment&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TigerWebMapServer_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE=&#39;47&#39;&amp;outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&amp;orderByFields=PLACE&amp;returnGeometry=false&amp;returnTrueCurves=false&amp;f=json">"ArcGIS REST Services Directory"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=ArcGIS+REST+Services+Directory&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftigerweb.geo.census.gov%2Farcgis%2Frest%2Fservices%2FTIGERweb%2FPlaces_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD%2FMapServer%2F5%2Fquery%3Fwhere%3DSTATE%3D%2747%27%26outFields%3DNAME%2CSTATE%2CPLACE%2CAREALAND%2CAREAWATER%2CLSADC%2CCENTLAT%2CCENTLON%26orderByFields%3DPLACE%26returnGeometry%3Dfalse%26returnTrueCurves%3Dfalse%26f%3Djson&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnis-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1648562">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Knoxville, Tennessee</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&amp;for=place:*&amp;in=state:47&amp;key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108">"Census Population API"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Census+Population+API&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.census.gov%2Fdata%2F2020%2Fdec%2Fpl%3Fget%3DP1_001N%2CNAME%26for%3Dplace%3A%2A%26in%3Dstate%3A47%26key%3D5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR2_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+website&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR6-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR6_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">"Find a County"</a>. National Association of Counties. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">the original</a> on May 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Find+a+County&amp;rft.pub=National+Association+of+Counties&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naco.org%2FCounties%2FPages%2FFindACounty.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/knoxvillecitytennessee/POP060210">"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Knoxville city, Tennessee"</a>. <i>census.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=census.gov&amp;rft.atitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts%3A+Knoxville+city%2C+Tennessee&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fknoxvillecitytennessee%2FPOP060210&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010census-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010census_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Census Bureau, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2010.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=47">2010 Census Interactive Population Search</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120121193614/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=47">Archived</a> January 21, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: December 20, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html">"2020 Population and Housing State Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, Population Division. August 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2020+Population+and+Housing+State+Data&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau%2C+Population+Division&amp;rft.date=2021-08-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2F2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wheeler-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_20-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_20-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Bruce Wheeler, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=745">Knoxville</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427042406/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=745">Archived</a> April 27, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture</i>, 2002. Retrieved: February 28, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ask Doc Knox", "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725133226/http://blogs.metropulse.com/ask_dr_knox/2011/11/downtowns-homegrown-revival.html">Downtown's Homegrown Revival</a>", <i>Metro Pulse</i>, November 16, 2011. Accessed at the Internet Archive, October 1, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hillville-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hillville_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2011" class="citation web cs1">King, Niki (December 12, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehillville.com/2011/12/12/urban-appalachia-who-where-and-what-is-it/">"Urban Appalachia: Who, Where and What is it?!"</a>. <i>The Hillville</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Knoxville, Roanoke and Pittsburgh all had spots in Planetizen's list of top 100 public spaces, an indication of the urban-loving lifestyles that flourish there.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hillville&amp;rft.atitle=Urban+Appalachia%3A+Who%2C+Where+and+What+is+it%3F%21&amp;rft.date=2011-12-12&amp;rft.aulast=King&amp;rft.aufirst=Niki&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehillville.com%2F2011%2F12%2F12%2Furban-appalachia-who-where-and-what-is-it%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blueridge-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-blueridge_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarlan2012" class="citation web cs1">Harlan, Will (November 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueridgeoutdoors.com/go-outside/knoxville-plans-greenway-to-the-smokies/">"Knoxville plans greenway to the Smokies"</a>. <i>Blue Ridge Outdoors</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Knoxville, the self-proclaimed 'Gateway to the Smokies', has big plans to build a greenway system that connects it to the country's most popular national park.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Blue+Ridge+Outdoors&amp;rft.atitle=Knoxville+plans+greenway+to+the+Smokies&amp;rft.date=2012-11-29&amp;rft.aulast=Harlan&amp;rft.aufirst=Will&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueridgeoutdoors.com%2Fgo-outside%2Fknoxville-plans-greenway-to-the-smokies%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fletcher_Jolly_III_1976-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fletcher_Jolly_III_1976_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fletcher_Jolly_III_1976_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fletcher Jolly III, "40KN37: An Early Woodland Habitation Site in Knox County, Tennessee", <i>Tennessee Archaeologist</i> 31, nos. 1–2 (1976), 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank H. McClung Museum, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/permanent/native/woodland.shtml">Woodland Period</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120412122905/http://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/permanent/native/woodland.shtml">Archived</a> April 12, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Retrieved: March 25, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Strange, "An Unusual Late Prehistoric Pipe from Post Oak Island (40KN23)", <i>Tennessee Archaeologist</i> 30, no. 1 (1974), 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Polhemus, <i>The Toqua Site—40MR6</i>, Vol. I (Norris, Tenn.: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1987), 1240-1246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cora Tula Watters, "Shawnee". <i>The Encyclopedia of Appalachia</i> (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2006), 278–279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ima Stephens, "Creek", <i>The Encyclopedia of Appalachia</i> (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2006), 252–253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_Mooney" title="James Mooney">James Mooney</a>, <i>Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee</i> (Nashville: Charles Elder, 1972—reprint from 1891 and 1900), 526.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Chapman" title="Jefferson Chapman">Jefferson Chapman</a>, <i>Tellico Archaeology: 12,000 Years of Native American History</i> (Norris, Tenn.: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1985), 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Timberlake, Samuel Williams (ed.), <i>Memoirs, 1756–1765</i> (Marietta, Georgia: Continental Book Co., 1948), 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William MacArthur, <i>Knoxville, Crossroads of the New South</i> (Tulsa, Okla.: Continental Heritage Press, 1982), 1-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yong Kim, <i>The Sevierville Hill Site: A Civil War Union Encampment on the Southern Heights of Knoxville, Tennessee</i> (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Transportation Center, 1993), 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim, <i>The Sevierville Hill Site</i>, 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacArthur, 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William MacArthur, Jr., <i>Knoxville: Crossroads of the New South</i> (Tulsa, Oklahoma: Continental Heritage Press, 1982), 17-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. H. Stueckrath, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxcotn.org/history/debow.html">Incidents in the Early Settlement of East Tennessee and Knoxville</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090401050724/http://www.knoxcotn.org/history/debow.html">Archived</a> April 1, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Originally published in <i>De Bow's Review</i> Vol. XXVII (October 1859), O.S. Enlarged Series. Vol. II, No. 4, N.S. Pages 407-419. Transcribed for web content by Billie McNamara, 1999–2002. Retrieved: February 25, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacArthur, <i>Knoxville: Crossroads of the New South</i>, 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonathan Atkins, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1497">Hugh Lawson White</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702071628/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1497">Archived</a> July 2, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture</i>, 2002. Retrieved: February 26, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Forrest Conklin, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=150">William Gannaway "Parson" Brownlow</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210116/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=150">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture</i>, 2002. Retrieved: February 27, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Durwood Dunn, <i>Cades Cove: The Life and Death of An Appalachian Community</i> (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1988), 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Knoxville-Knox County Metropolitan Planning Commission, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxmpc.org/historic/areas/citylist.htm">Designated Properties: Knoxville Historic Zoning Commission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070712083132/http://www.knoxmpc.org/historic/areas/citylist.htm">Archived</a> July 12, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Retrieved: February 27, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacArthur, <i>Knoxville: Crossroads of the New South</i>, 42-44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Lacy, <i>Vanquished Volunteers: East Tennessee Sectionalism from Statehood to Secession</i> (Johnson City, Tenn.: East Tennessee State University Press, 1965), pp. 217–233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim, <i>The Sevierville Hill Site</i>, 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim, <i>The Sevierville Hill Site</i>, 10-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim, <i>The Sevierville Hill Site</i>, 15-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atkin-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atkin_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caloncymreig.tnhillbillie.net/content/view/89/32/">The Old Atkin Street Church and Knoxville's Welsh Community</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130413204148/http://caloncymreig.tnhillbillie.net/content/view/89/32/">Archived</a> April 13, 2013, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>. Originally published in the <i>Knoxville Journal and Tribune</i>. Retrieved: September 7, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hindsight-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hindsight_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeely2022" class="citation web cs1">Neely, Jack (April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knoxvillehistoryproject.org/1982-worlds-fair-in-hindsight/">"1982 World's Fair in Hindsight"</a>. <i>Knoxville History Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220522222415/https://knoxvillehistoryproject.org/1982-worlds-fair-in-hindsight/">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Knoxville+History+Project&amp;rft.atitle=1982+World%27s+Fair+in+Hindsight&amp;rft.date=2022-04&amp;rft.aulast=Neely&amp;rft.aufirst=Jack&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknoxvillehistoryproject.org%2F1982-worlds-fair-in-hindsight%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wheelereoa-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wheelereoa_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheelereoa_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Bruce Wheeler, "Knoxville, Tennessee". <i>The Encyclopedia of Appalachia</i> (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2006), 375.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linda Snodgrass, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://notes.utk.edu/bio/unistudy.nsf/7332b42094ea15f685256bbc005814ba/c48e4cd3bc2fbf1185256bc0006da6ee">The Candoro Marble Works</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628100005/http://notes.utk.edu/bio/unistudy.nsf/7332b42094ea15f685256bbc005814ba/c48e4cd3bc2fbf1185256bc0006da6ee">Archived</a> June 28, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". 2000. Retrieved: February 28, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Found in Knoxville City Code of Ordinances Chapter 1, Section 1-12 www.knoxvilletn.gov/government/city_ordinances_charter</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Statement as to the Adoption of the Knoxville City Flag", November 6, 1896, Knoxville Minute Book, Book L, p.380.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Tennessee_Encyclopedia_of_History_and_Culture,_2002-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Tennessee_Encyclopedia_of_History_and_Culture,_2002_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Milton Klein, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1429">University of Tennessee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110830171619/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1429">Archived</a> August 30, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, 2002. Retrieved: February 28, 2008.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kidcurry-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kidcurry_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/local/2018/06/26/butch-cassidy-partner-kid-curry-earned-knoxville-notoriety/735411002/">"Butch Cassidy partner 'Kid Curry' earned Knoxville notoriety"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_News_Sentinel" title="Knoxville News Sentinel">Knoxville News Sentinel</a></i>. June 27, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bruce Wheeler, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1362">Tennessee Valley Authority</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110830171439/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1362">Archived</a> August 30, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture</i>, 2002. Retrieved: February 28, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-big180-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-big180_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeely" class="citation web cs1">Neely, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knoxvillehistoryproject.org/the-big-1-8-0/">"THE BIG 1-8-0"</a>. <i>The Knoxville History Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bruce Wheeler, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=754">Knoxville World's Fair of 1982</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427042704/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=754">Archived</a> April 27, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History Culture</i>, 2002. Retrieved: February 28, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deannex-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-deannex_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legallysociable.com/2016/03/17/deannexation-option-could-lead-to-smaller-tennessee-cities/">"Deannexation option could lead to smaller Tennessee cities"</a>. <i>Legally Sociable</i>. <a href="/wiki/WBIR-TV" title="WBIR-TV">WBIR-TV</a>. March 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=WATE-TV&amp;rft.atitle=Knoxville+aims+to+spur+economic+growth+with+%245.5+million+investment+into+I-275+business+park&amp;rft.date=2020-06-23&amp;rft.aulast=Raucoules&amp;rft.aufirst=Gregory&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wate.com%2Fnews%2Fknoxville-aims-to-spur-economic-growth-with-5-5-million-investment-into-i-275-business-park%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-corridorstudy-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-corridorstudy_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.knoxmpc.org/plans/corridor/i275_study.pdf">"I-275/North Central Street Corridor Study"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Knoxville-Knox County Metropolitan Planning Commission</i>. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Knoxville-Knox+County+Metropolitan+Planning+Commission&amp;rft.atitle=I-275%2FNorth+Central+Street+Corridor+Study&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.knoxmpc.org%2Fplans%2Fcorridor%2Fi275_study.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oldcitypark-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oldcitypark_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhetstone2020" class="citation news cs1">Whetstone, Tyler (August 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/politics/2020/08/11/randy-boyd-makes-first-pitch-downtown-knoxville-stadium/5494072002/">"Tennessee Smokies owner Randy Boyd makes first pitch for downtown Knoxville stadium"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_News_Sentinel" title="Knoxville News Sentinel">Knoxville News Sentinel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Knoxville+News+Sentinel&amp;rft.atitle=Tennessee+Smokies+owner+Randy+Boyd+makes+first+pitch+for+downtown+Knoxville+stadium&amp;rft.date=2020-08-11&amp;rft.aulast=Whetstone&amp;rft.aufirst=Tyler&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F08%2F11%2Frandy-boyd-makes-first-pitch-downtown-knoxville-stadium%2F5494072002%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2010-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census_2010_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529173330/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/files/SUB-EST2013_47.csv">"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Knoxville city, Tennessee"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/files/SUB-EST2013_47.csv">the original</a> on May 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Geographic+Identifiers%3A+2010+Demographic+Profile+Data+%28DP-1%29%3A+Knoxville+city%2C+Tennessee&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau%2C+American+Factfinder&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Fcities%2Ftotals%2F2013%2Ffiles%2FSUB-EST2013_47.csv&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1284297">"First Creek"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=First+Creek&amp;rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F1284297&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1279994">"Cedar Bluff"</a>. <i>Geographic Names Information System</i>. United States Geological Survey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Cedar+Bluff&amp;rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F1279994&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1648562">"Knoxville"</a>. <i>Geographic Names Information System</i>. United States Geological Survey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Knoxville&amp;rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F1648562&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1269382">"Brown Mountain"</a>. <i>Geographic Names Information System</i>. United States Geological Survey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Brown+Mountain&amp;rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F1269382&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">City of Knoxville, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/parks/history/sharpsRidgeHistory.asp">Sharp's Ridge Memorial Park History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501174148/http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/parks/history/sharpsRidgeHistory.asp">Archived</a> May 1, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: December 29, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA_90F-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_90F_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/max90temp.html">NOAA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061210082240/http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/max90temp.html">Archived</a> December 10, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Mean Number of Days With Maximum Temperature 90 Degrees F or Higher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-K-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA-K_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA-K_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA-K_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOAA-K_79-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mrx">"NowData—NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116080734/http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mrx">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NowData%E2%80%94NOAA+Online+Weather+Data&amp;rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.weather.gov%2Fclimate%2Fxmacis.php%3Fwfo%3Dmrx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lance Coleman, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2012/jun/30/knoxville-having-hottest-day-ever/">Knoxville Having Hottest Day Ever at 105 Degrees</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120704044022/http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2012/jun/30/knoxville-having-hottest-day-ever/">Archived</a> July 4, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>, June 30, 2012. Retrieved: June 30, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knoxville_Climate_Page-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knoxville_Climate_Page_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mrx/?n=tysclimate">"Knoxville Climate Page"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024909/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mrx/?n=tysclimate">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Knoxville+Climate+Page&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srh.noaa.gov%2Fmrx%2F%3Fn%3Dtysclimate&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2014/feb/12/top-10-snowfalls-knoxville/?partner=popular">Top 10 Snowfalls in Knoxville</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140703054134/http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2014/feb/12/top-10-snowfalls-knoxville/?partner=popular">Archived</a> July 3, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>, February 12, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&amp;startDate=0001-01-01&amp;endDate=9996-12-31&amp;stations=USW00013891&amp;format=pdf">"Station: Knoxville McGhee Tyson AP, TN"</a>. <i>U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020)</i>. National Oceanic &amp; Atmospheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=U.S.+Climate+Normals+2020%3A+U.S.+Monthly+Climate+Normals+%281991-2020%29&amp;rft.atitle=Station%3A+Knoxville+McGhee+Tyson+AP%2C+TN&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26startDate%3D0001-01-01%26endDate%3D9996-12-31%26stations%3DUSW00013891%26format%3Dpdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72326.TXT">"WMO Climate Normals for KNOXVILLE/MUNICIPAL, TN 1961–1990"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=WMO+Climate+Normals+for+KNOXVILLE%2FMUNICIPAL%2C+TN+1961%E2%80%931990&amp;rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&amp;rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_IV%2FUS%2FGROUP3%2F72326.TXT&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Censusmetro-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Censusmetro_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Censusmetro_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Censusmetro_89-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/metroarea.html">Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110923210008/http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/metroarea.html">Archived</a> September 23, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Census Bureau</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719200447/http://www.cqgrd.gatech.edu/program_areas/megaregions/pam.php">"Georgia Institute of Technology&#160;:: CQGRD&#160;: Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion (PAM)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cqgrd.gatech.edu/program_areas/megaregions/pam.php">the original</a> on July 19, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Georgia+Institute+of+Technology+%3A%3A+CQGRD+%3A+Piedmont+Atlantic+Megaregion+%28PAM%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cqgrd.gatech.edu%2Fprogram_areas%2Fmegaregions%2Fpam.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parks-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-parks_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-parks_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-parks_91-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-parks_91-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-parks_91-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">City of Knoxville, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/parks/default.asp">Parks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110824131429/http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/parks/default.asp">Archived</a> August 24, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">City of Knoxville, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofknoxville.org/downtownnorth/">Downtown North Redevelopment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513225605/http://www.cityofknoxville.org/downtownnorth/">Archived</a> May 13, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR9-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR9_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">"Census of Population and Housing: Decennial Censuses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing%3A+Decennial+Censuses&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span> Note: the 1860 census did not include a population estimate for Knoxville. See p. 467.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-historicaldemographics-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-historicaldemographics_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historicaldemographics_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110917171933/https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/TNtab.pdf">"Table 43. Tennessee—Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Census Bureau. July 13, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/TNtab.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Table+43.+Tennessee%E2%80%94Race+and+Hispanic+Origin+for+Selected+Large+Cities+and+Other+Places%3A+Earliest+Census+to+1990&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&amp;rft.date=2005-07-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0076%2FTNtab.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-censussite-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-censussite_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-censussite_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"Knoxville city, Tennessee"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft.atitle=Knoxville+city%2C+Tennessee&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/knoxvillecitytennessee">"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Knoxville city, Tennessee"</a>. <i>census.gov</i>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=census.gov&amp;rft.atitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts%3A+Knoxville+city%2C+Tennessee&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Fknoxvillecitytennessee&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000CensusP004-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000CensusP004_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US4740000&amp;tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004">"P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Knoxville city, Tennessee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=P004%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2000%3A+DEC+Summary+File+1+%E2%80%93+Knoxville+city%2C+Tennessee&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fg%3D160XX00US4740000%26tid%3DDECENNIALSF12000.P004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010CensusP2-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusP2_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&amp;g=160XX00US4740000&amp;tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2">"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Knoxville city, Tennessee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=P2%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2010%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Knoxville+city%2C+Tennessee&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US4740000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2010.P2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusP2-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusP2_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&amp;g=160XX00US4740000&amp;tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Knoxville city, Tennessee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=P2%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Knoxville+city%2C+Tennessee&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US4740000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quickfacts-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_100-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Census Bureau, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/4740000.html">QuickFacts sheet for Knoxville (city), Tennessee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070608140339/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/4740000.html">Archived</a> June 8, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: December 20, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Neely, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725140937/http://www.metropulse.com/news/2011/jun/29/knoxville-census-numbers/">Knoxville By the (Census) Numbers</a>", <i>Metro Pulse</i>, June 29, 2011. Accessed at the Internet Archive, October 1, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Census Bureau, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/about/overview/index.html">Poverty—Highlights</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111224151147/http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/about/overview/index.html">Archived</a> December 24, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, September 13, 2011. Retrieved: December 21, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Economic Research Institute, Inc., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erieri.com/index.cfm?FuseAction=NewsRoom.Dsp_Release&amp;PressReleaseID=119&amp;trkid=723-49">ERI Economic Research Institute Releases Survey on Best and Worst Cities for College Grads—Based on salary/cost of living, Knoxville, TN rated best</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190344/http://www.erieri.com/index.cfm?FuseAction=NewsRoom.Dsp_Release&amp;PressReleaseID=119&amp;trkid=723-49">Archived</a> September 27, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, press release, July 6, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FBI_UCR-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FBI_UCR_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/tables/table-6">"Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2017"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190206073538/https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/tables/table-6">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Crime+in+the+United+States+by+Metropolitan+Statistical+Area%2C+2017&amp;rft.pub=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fucr.fbi.gov%2Fcrime-in-the-u.s%2F2017%2Fcrime-in-the-u.s.-2017%2Ftables%2Ftable-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mpcfacts-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mpcfacts_105-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Knoxville-Knox County Metropolitan Planning Commission, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.knoxmpc.org/locldata/facfig11.pdf">Facts &amp; Figures 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511110613/http://archive.knoxmpc.org/locldata/facfig11.pdf">Archived</a> May 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: January 14, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.innovationvalleyinc.com/about-us">Innovation Valley Inc.—About Us</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608230508/http://www.innovationvalleyinc.com/about-us">Archived</a> June 8, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: January 13, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tva.com/abouttva/keyfacts.htm">Frequently Asked Questions About TVA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113223814/http://www.tva.com/abouttva/keyfacts.htm">Archived</a> January 13, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, TVA website. Retrieved: January 14, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TVA, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tva.q4ir.com/financial-information/financial-statements/default.aspx">Financial Statements</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706191205/https://tva.q4ir.com/financial-information/financial-statements/default.aspx">Archived</a> July 6, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2010/feb/20/perfect-storm-swamped-tva-retirement-plan/">Perfect Storm Swamped TVA Retirement Plan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511124015/http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2010/feb/20/perfect-storm-swamped-tva-retirement-plan/">Archived</a> May 11, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Chattanooga Times Free Press</i>, February 20, 2010. Retrieved: January 14, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/companies/pilot-flying-j">America's Largest Private Companies—#6 Pilot Flying J</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909165147/https://www.forbes.com/companies/pilot-flying-j/">Archived</a> September 9, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Forbes.com</i>, 2013. Retrieved: October 10, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/companies/ht-hackney/">America's Largest Private Companies—#103 HT Hackney</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729204843/https://www.forbes.com/companies/ht-hackney/">Archived</a> July 29, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Forbes.com</i>, 2012. Retrieved: October 10, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=11949">Knoxville-Area Advertising Firms and Marketing Firms</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120214120926/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=11949">Archived</a> February 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 14, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laura Bower <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tombras.com/news/article/Tombras-Creates-New-Impaired-Driving-Campaign">Tombras Creates New Nationwide Impaired Driving Campaign for U.S. Department of Transportation: Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111224173914/http://www.tombras.com/news/article/Tombras-Creates-New-Impaired-Driving-Campaign">Archived</a> December 24, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. August 30, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bolpublic-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bolpublic_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bolpublic_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=16865">Knoxville-Area Public Companies Ranked According to Revenue</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205183109/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=16865">Archived</a> February 5, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 14, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2009/apr/21/eight-tennessee-companies-2009-fortune-500-list/">Eight Tennessee Companies on Fortune 500 List</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120711072857/http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2009/apr/21/eight-tennessee-companies-2009-fortune-500-list/">Archived</a> July 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>, April 21, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=15930">Knox County Office Buildings Ranked According to Gross Square Footage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406120901/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=15930">Archived</a> April 6, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 13, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=19913">Knox County Industrial Parks Ranked According to Size</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120214120414/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=19913">Archived</a> February 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 11, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bookoflistsbanks-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bookoflistsbanks_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bookoflistsbanks_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=15116">Knoxville Area Banks Ranked According to Local Deposits</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406121948/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=15116">Archived</a> April 6, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 11, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=14871">Knoxville-Area Investment Brokerage Firms</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324123334/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=14871">Archived</a> March 24, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 11, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=15909">Knox County Mortgage Lenders Ranked According to Dollar Volume</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324123014/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=15909">Archived</a> March 24, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 11, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=9481">Knoxville-Area CPA Firms Ranked According to Number of Licensed CPAs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324122225/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=9481">Archived</a> March 24, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2013. Retrieved: July 26, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kcmanufacturers-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kcmanufacturers_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kcmanufacturers_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Knoxville-Oak Ridge Innovation Valley, [www.knoxvillechamber.com/pdf/demographics/MajorManufacturers.doc Top 50 Major Manufacturers in the Knoxville Area—2009]. 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Retrieved: December 1, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-battelle-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-battelle_125-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-battelle_125-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ut-battelle.org/about.shtml">About UT-Battelle</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118022248/http://ut-battelle.org/about.shtml">Archived</a> January 18, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Accessed at the Internet Archive, October 5, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maria Carter, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlantamagazine.com/travel-city/knoxville/">Get Away to Knoxville</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141219023034/http://www.atlantamagazine.com/travel-city/knoxville/">Archived</a> December 19, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Atlanta</i>, June 28, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPropst2012" class="citation web cs1">Propst, Paula (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2407&amp;context=utk_gradthes">"Proactive Punk: Music's Agency in the Knoxville Punk Community"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Knoxville+News+Sentinel&amp;rft.atitle=Remembering+Vic+and+Bill%27s+%27punk+rock+deli%27+following+the+death+of+Victor+Captain&amp;rft.date=2022-06-25&amp;rft.aulast=Wilusz&amp;rft.aufirst=Ryan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2020%2F06%2F25%2Fvictor-captain-vic-and-bills-punk-rock-deli-knoxville-dies%2F3245912001%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neelymusic-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Neelymusic_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeely2016" class="citation web cs1">Neely, Jack (November 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knoxvillehistoryproject.org/2016/11/08/two-endangered-musical-landmarks-third-may-yet-hope/">"Two Endangered Musical Landmarks—And A Third That May Yet Have Hope"</a>. <i>Knoxville History Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Knoxville+History+Project&amp;rft.atitle=Two+Endangered+Musical+Landmarks%E2%80%94And+A+Third+That+May+Yet+Have+Hope&amp;rft.date=2016-11-08&amp;rft.aulast=Neely&amp;rft.aufirst=Jack&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknoxvillehistoryproject.org%2F2016%2F11%2F08%2Ftwo-endangered-musical-landmarks-third-may-yet-hope%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bigears2014-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bigears2014_140-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bigears2014_140-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/big-ears-2014-celebrates-steve-reich-via-punk-drone-jazz-radiohead-20140331">Weingarten, Christopher. "Big Ears 2014 Celebrates Steve Reich Via Punk, Drone, Jazz, Radiohead."</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. March 31, 2014: C1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Neely, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725143948/http://www.metropulse.com/news/2001/oct/25/skies-limits/?printer=1%2F">The Skies, The Limits</a>", <i>Metro Pulse</i>, October 25, 2001. Accessed at the Internet Archive, October 1, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josh Flory, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2009/nov/10/dean-trumps-comedian-for-towers-name/">Dean Trumps Comedian Stephen Colbert for Tower's Name</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120711072845/http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2009/nov/10/dean-trumps-comedian-for-towers-name/">Archived</a> July 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>, November 10, 2009. Retrieved: January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wate.com/global/story.asp?s=6614872">Mayor Wants to Sell Downtown Building, Relocate Knox School Offices</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307182532/http://www.wate.com/global/story.asp?s=6614872">Archived</a> March 7, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", WATE.com, June 5, 2007. Retrieved: January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Eder, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2007/oct/02/tva-tower-gets-occupants/">TVA Tower Gets Occupants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120711072834/http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2007/oct/02/tva-tower-gets-occupants/">Archived</a> July 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>, October 2, 2007. Retrieved: January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsphere.info/">Sunsphere.info</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309150206/http://www.sunsphere.info/">Archived</a> March 9, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: January 7, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmy_McRary2016" class="citation news cs1">Amy McRary (May 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxnews.com/entertainment/life/knoxvilles-225-years-the-world-came-to-knoxville-in-1982--33212d02-dcbe-66f2-e053-0100007fde44-381016021.html">"World's Fair: The world came to Knoxville in May 1982"</a>. <i>The <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_News_Sentinel" title="Knoxville News Sentinel">Knoxville News Sentinel</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160703012457/http://www.knoxnews.com/entertainment/life/knoxvilles-225-years-the-world-came-to-knoxville-in-1982--33212d02-dcbe-66f2-e053-0100007fde44-381016021.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Knoxville+News+Sentinel&amp;rft.atitle=World%27s+Fair%3A+The+world+came+to+Knoxville+in+May+1982&amp;rft.date=2016-05-28&amp;rft.au=Amy+McRary&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxnews.com%2Fentertainment%2Flife%2Fknoxvilles-225-years-the-world-came-to-knoxville-in-1982--33212d02-dcbe-66f2-e053-0100007fde44-381016021.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Knox Heritage, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxheritage.org/sites/default/files/KH%20George%20Barber%20Homes%20Tour_web.pdf">George Barber Homes Trolley Tour Booklet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726233012/http://www.knoxheritage.org/sites/default/files/KH%20George%20Barber%20Homes%20Tour_web.pdf">Archived</a> July 26, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2007. Retrieved: January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moon Blue Ridge &amp; Smoky Mountains—Page 279 1612380662 Deborah Huso—2011 Christmas in the City (865/215-4248, www.cityofknoxville.org, Nov.–Dec.) covers eight weeks of festivities at various locations throughout the city. The activities include<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>... Santa, as well as ice skating on Knoxville's Holidays on Ice skating rink.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knoxvilletn.gov/government/city_departments_offices/special_events/knoxvilles_holidays_on_ice/">"Knoxville's Holidays on Ice"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415122036/http://www.knoxvilletn.gov/government/city_departments_offices/special_events/knoxvilles_holidays_on_ice">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Knoxville%27s+Holidays+on+Ice&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxvilletn.gov%2Fgovernment%2Fcity_departments_offices%2Fspecial_events%2Fknoxvilles_holidays_on_ice%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knoxasian-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-knoxasian_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxasianfestival.com/">"Knox Asian Festival"</a>. <i>Knox Asian Festival</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Knox+Asian+Festival&amp;rft.atitle=Knox+Asian+Festival&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxasianfestival.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boozoo-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boozoo_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.booknoxville.com/">"Boo at The Zoo"</a>. <i>Boo at The Zoo</i>. <a href="/wiki/Zoo_Knoxville" title="Zoo Knoxville">Zoo Knoxville</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Boo+at+The+Zoo&amp;rft.atitle=Boo+at+The+Zoo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.booknoxville.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brewfest-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brewfest_152-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knoxvillebrewfest.com/">"Knoxville Brewfest"</a>. <i>Knoxville Brewfest</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Knoxville+Brewfest&amp;rft.atitle=Knoxville+Brewfest&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknoxvillebrewfest.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-onsquare-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-onsquare_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxvilletn.gov/government/city_departments_offices/special_events/concerts_on_the_square">"Concerts on the Square"</a>. <i>City of Knoxville</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=City+of+Knoxville&amp;rft.atitle=Concerts+on+the+Square&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxvilletn.gov%2Fgovernment%2Fcity_departments_offices%2Fspecial_events%2Fconcerts_on_the_square&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dogwoodarts-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dogwoodarts_154-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dogwoodarts.com/dogwoodartsfestival">"Dogwood Arts Festival"</a>. <i>Dogwood Arts Festival</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Dogwood+Arts+Festival&amp;rft.atitle=Dogwood+Arts+Festival&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dogwoodarts.com%2Fdogwoodartsfestival&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fotetch-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fotetch_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etch.com/ways-to-give/events/fantasy-of-trees/">"Fantasy of Trees"</a>. <i>East Tennessee Childrens Hospital</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=East+Tennessee+Childrens+Hospital&amp;rft.atitle=Fantasy+of+Trees&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etch.com%2Fways-to-give%2Fevents%2Ffantasy-of-trees%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-festivalon4th-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-festivalon4th_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxvilletn.gov/government/city_departments_offices/special_events/festival_on_the_4th">"Festival on the 4th"</a>. <i>City of Knoxville</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=City+of+Knoxville&amp;rft.atitle=Festival+on+the+4th&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxvilletn.gov%2Fgovernment%2Fcity_departments_offices%2Fspecial_events%2Ffestival_on_the_4th&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-artwalk-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-artwalk_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.downtownknoxville.org/firstfriday-artwalk/">"First Friday ArtWalk"</a>. <i>Downtown Knoxville</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Downtown+Knoxville&amp;rft.atitle=First+Friday+ArtWalk&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.downtownknoxville.org%2Ffirstfriday-artwalk%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greekfest-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-greekfest_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710195752/https://greekfesttn.wordpress.com/">"Greek Fest - Knoxville, Tennessee"</a>. <i>Greek Fest</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greekfesttn.wordpress.com/">the original</a> on July 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Greek+Fest&amp;rft.atitle=Greek+Fest+-+Knoxville%2C+Tennessee&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreekfesttn.wordpress.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOLA-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HOLA_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://holahoralatina.org/">"HoLa Hora Latina"</a>. <i>HoLa Hora Latina</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=HoLa+Hora+Latina&amp;rft.atitle=HoLa+Hora+Latina&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fholahoralatina.org%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928152359/http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/Press_Releases/Content/2010/0602.asp">"International Biscuit Festival Weekend"</a>. <i>NEWS RELEASES City of Knoxville, Tennessee Daniel T. Brown, Mayor</i>. ci.knoxville.tn.us. June 2, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/Press_Releases/Content/2010/0602.asp">the original</a> on September 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NEWS+RELEASES+City+of+Knoxville%2C+Tennessee+Daniel+T.+Brown%2C+Mayor&amp;rft.atitle=International+Biscuit+Festival+Weekend&amp;rft.date=2010-06-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.knoxville.tn.us%2FPress_Releases%2FContent%2F2010%2F0602.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knoxfoodfest-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-knoxfoodfest_161-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knoxfoodfest.com/">"Knox Food Fest"</a>. <i>Knox Food Fest</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Knox+Food+Fest&amp;rft.atitle=Knox+Food+Fest&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknoxfoodfest.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khcfb-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-khcfb_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/knoxvillehardcore/posts/pfbid02WGYBTyg5mrsNhVFi4Dp6xPF5QGjKSNZuvD1LH4WENAaRAH7XFGU4bwurwyFXai9Rl?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZVZ9U0k6XxoExGEm2UQJJ4kyR-5BtkzbVNmll05w6SoFeSGXDftq_399SX6LKzZz5sSuq6YIHI4t3hzCmRw-IpsmzBV9YSd3jaKTfQnDW7UIHS3bjHPckTpVP_d1tA35nBjlYwj18PgMFTwPL0UZXp52UYe1_lLGJ3CifLL9DUr-xaF4fT66ZlvCJcNM88H_E3cgBvxXqPQKCBxXQ5KwRE-&amp;__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R">"Knoxville Hardcore Fest 2022"</a>. <i>Facebook</i>. Knoxville Hardcore Collective. June 24, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Beacon&amp;rft.atitle=Knoxville+Horror+Film+Festival+brings+suspense%2C+scares%2C+surprises&amp;rft.date=2021-10-26&amp;rft.aulast=Thomas&amp;rft.aufirst=Keenan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdailybeacon.com%2Fcity_news%2Fentertainment%2Fknoxville-horror-film-festival-brings-suspense-scares-surprises%2Farticle_aa6af80c-3671-11ec-91a7-4b7908ddefed.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knoxvillemarathon.com/history/">"History"</a>. <i>Covenant Health Knoxville Marathon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Covenant+Health+Knoxville+Marathon&amp;rft.atitle=History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknoxvillemarathon.com%2Fhistory%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TRVpoweboat-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TRVpoweboat_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tennesseerivervalleygeotourism.org/entries/visit-knoxville-powerboat-classic/20c9e951-c3a5-4cba-80ae-4b626759bf74">"Visit Knoxville Powerboat Classic"</a>. <i>Tennessee River Valley</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Inside+of+Knoxville&amp;rft.atitle=RHYTHM+N+BLOOMS+FESTIVAL+EMBROILED+IN+DISPUTE&amp;rft.date=2019-09-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsideofknoxville.com%2F2019%2F09%2Frhythm-n-blooms-festival-embroiled-in-dispute%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rossini2022-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rossini2022_169-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShane2022" class="citation news cs1">Shane, Carol (April 26, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxnews.com/story/shopper-news/north-knox/2022/04/26/rossini-festival-2022-street-fair-back-downtown-knoxville/7393224001/">"Rossini Festival International Street Fair is back in downtown Knoxville, and it's free"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_News_Sentinel" title="Knoxville News Sentinel">Knoxville News Sentinel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rural%2FMetro+moves+early+to+extend+pact&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxnews.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2Ffeb%2F23%2Fruralmetro-moves-early-extend-pact%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knoxvilletn.gov/cms/One.aspx?portalId=109562&amp;pageId=131053">"City Council"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved: January 15, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tennessee Higher Education Commission, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tn.gov/thec/Divisions/LRA/PostsecondaryAuth/segpr/2010/SouthCollege.pdf">Student Enrollment, Completion and Placement Report, FY 2009–10—South College</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111013061604/http://www.tn.gov/thec/Divisions/LRA/PostsecondaryAuth/segpr/2010/SouthCollege.pdf">Archived</a> October 13, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Official Website</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Farragut%2C+TN+-+Official+Website&amp;rft.atitle=Local+News&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.townoffarragut.org%2F399%2FLocal-News&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.einpresswire.com/world-media-directory/detail/84554">"The Knoxville Focus Presswire"</a>. <i>Tennessee Media Directory by EIN</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Tennessee+Media+Directory+by+EIN&amp;rft.atitle=The+Knoxville+Focus+Presswire&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.einpresswire.com%2Fworld-media-directory%2Fdetail%2F84554&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ground.news/article/70th-annual-karns-community-fair-the-knoxville-focus">"70th Annual Karns Community Fair - The Knoxville Focus"</a>. <i>Ground News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ground+News&amp;rft.atitle=70th+Annual+Karns+Community+Fair+-+The+Knoxville+Focus&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fground.news%2Farticle%2F70th-annual-karns-community-fair-the-knoxville-focus&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxvilletennessee.com/news.html">"Knoxville News, Weather and Sports"</a>. <i>knoxvilletennessee.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=knoxvilletennessee.com&amp;rft.atitle=Knoxville+News%2C+Weather+and+Sports&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxvilletennessee.com%2Fnews.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charminfoth.com/focus-days/">"Focus Days"</a>. October 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Focus+Days&amp;rft.date=2014-10-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharminfoth.com%2Ffocus-days%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sscafeterias.com/category/news/">"News Archives - S&amp;S Cafeterias"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=News+Archives+-+S%26S+Cafeterias&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsscafeterias.com%2Fcategory%2Fnews%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxvillenewsdistrict.com/newspapers.html">"Knoxville Newspapers"</a>. <i>knoxvillenewsdistrict.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=knoxvillenewsdistrict.com&amp;rft.atitle=Knoxville+Newspapers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxvillenewsdistrict.com%2Fnewspapers.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxschools.org/Page/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxschools.org%2Fsite%2Fdefault.aspx%3FPageID%3D18622">"Library/Media Services / Local Newspapers"</a>. <i>knoxschools.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=knoxschools.org&amp;rft.atitle=Library%2FMedia+Services+%2F+Local+Newspapers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxschools.org%2FPage%2Fhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.knoxschools.org%252Fsite%252Fdefault.aspx%253FPageID%253D18622&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxvilletn.gov/visitors/knoxville_info/local_media">"Local Media"</a>. <i>knoxvilletn.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=knoxvilletn.gov&amp;rft.atitle=Local+Media&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxvilletn.gov%2Fvisitors%2Fknoxville_info%2Flocal_media&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://intelligentrelations.com/insights/tennessee-newspapers-list/">"Top Tennessee Newspapers and Outlets 2023"</a>. <i>intelligentrelations.com</i>. February 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=intelligentrelations.com&amp;rft.atitle=Top+Tennessee+Newspapers+and+Outlets+2023&amp;rft.date=2023-02-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fintelligentrelations.com%2Finsights%2Ftennessee-newspapers-list%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxvillechamber.com/about-the-chamber/news-media/">"News &amp; Media"</a>. <i>knoxvillechamber.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=knoxvillechamber.com&amp;rft.atitle=News+%26+Media&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxvillechamber.com%2Fabout-the-chamber%2Fnews-media%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nielsen_Data-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nielsen_Data_204-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norma Polovitz Nickerson and Jake Jorgenson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itrr.umt.edu/research11/2011DMAreport.pdf">Designated Market Areas: Using Zip Codes As a Marketing Tool</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929164512/http://www.itrr.umt.edu/research11/2011DMAreport.pdf">Archived</a> September 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. University of Montana Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research, April 2011. Retrieved: January 26, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=21278">Knoxville-Area Television Stations Ranked According to Market Share</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324122627/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=21278">Archived</a> March 24, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 26, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scripps_Networks-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scripps_Networks_206-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110630111739/http://www.scrippsnetworks.com/about.aspx?code=about">"About Scripps Networks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scripps_Networks_Interactive" title="Scripps Networks Interactive">Scripps Networks Interactive</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scrippsnetworks.com/about.aspx?code=about">the original</a> on June 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=About+Scripps+Networks.&amp;rft.pub=Scripps+Networks+Interactive&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scrippsnetworks.com%2Fabout.aspx%3Fcode%3Dabout&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbitron.com/home/mm001050.asp">Arbitron Radio Market Rankings: Fall 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101016182624/http://arbitron.com/home/mm001050.asp">Archived</a> October 16, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: January 26, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=15800">Knoxville-Area Radio Stations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406121649/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=15800">Archived</a> April 6, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 26, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-october_sky-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-october_sky_209-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrow2010" class="citation news cs1">Morrow, Terry (September 20, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121013233611/http://blogs.knoxnews.com/telebuddy/archives/2010/09/october-sky-cas.shtml">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'October Sky' cast &amp; crew reunite in Oliver Springs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_News-Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="Knoxville News-Sentinel">Knoxville News-Sentinel</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.knoxnews.com/telebuddy/archives/2010/09/october-sky-cas.shtml">the original</a> on October 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Knoxville+News-Sentinel&amp;rft.atitle=%27October+Sky%27+cast+%26+crew+reunite+in+Oliver+Springs.&amp;rft.date=2010-09-20&amp;rft.aulast=Morrow&amp;rft.aufirst=Terry&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.knoxnews.com%2Ftelebuddy%2Farchives%2F2010%2F09%2Foctober-sky-cas.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tripfilm-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tripfilm_210-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0215129/locations">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Road Trip" Filming &amp; Production"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IMDb&amp;rft.atitle=%22Road+Trip%22+Filming+%26+Production&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0215129%2Flocations&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turczyn-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-turczyn_211-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurczyn2018" class="citation web cs1">Turczyn, Coury (May 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popcultmag.com/posts/the-making-of-tom-dicillos-90s-indie-gem-box-of-moonlight/">"The making of Tom DiCillo's '90s indie gem, 'Box of Moonlight'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>PopCulture (magazine)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PopCulture+%28magazine%29&amp;rft.atitle=The+making+of+Tom+DiCillo%27s+%2790s+indie+gem%2C+%27Box+of+Moonlight%27&amp;rft.date=2018-05-02&amp;rft.aulast=Turczyn&amp;rft.aufirst=Coury&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popcultmag.com%2Fposts%2Fthe-making-of-tom-dicillos-90s-indie-gem-box-of-moonlight%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Handy, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2006/05/jtleroy200605">The Boy Who Cried Author</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160713070026/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2006/05/jtleroy200605">Archived</a> July 13, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Vanity Fair</i>, May 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmknoxvilletn.com/filmography/">Filmography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160804211654/http://www.filmknoxvilletn.com/filmography/">Archived</a> August 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Visit Knoxville Film/Knox website. Retrieved: July 31, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neely, <i>From the Shadow Side, p. 96.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-campbellfilm-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-campbellfilm_215-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2018" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, Chuck (September 6, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxnews.com/story/entertainment/2018/09/06/burt-reynolds-last-movie-star-knoxville-jake-gyllenhaal-asia-argento-jimmy-bennett-rockwell-renner/1217203002/">"5 movies filmed in Knoxville at key times for stars, from Burt Reynolds to Jake Gyllenhaal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_News_Sentinel" title="Knoxville News Sentinel">Knoxville News Sentinel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Knoxville+News+Sentinel&amp;rft.atitle=5+movies+filmed+in+Knoxville+at+key+times+for+stars%2C+from+Burt+Reynolds+to+Jake+Gyllenhaal&amp;rft.date=2018-09-06&amp;rft.aulast=Campbell&amp;rft.aufirst=Chuck&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2F2018%2F09%2F06%2Fburt-reynolds-last-movie-star-knoxville-jake-gyllenhaal-asia-argento-jimmy-bennett-rockwell-renner%2F1217203002%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=18654">East Tennessee Hospitals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406121028/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=18654">Archived</a> April 6, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 24, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=15122">Knoxville-Area Ambulatory Surgical Treatment Centers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309180217/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=15122">Archived</a> March 9, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 24, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/tennessee/2021/rankings/knox/county/outcomes/overall/snapshot">"County Health Rankings &amp; Roadmaps"</a>. <i>County Health Rankings &amp; Roadmaps</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=County+Health+Rankings+%26+Roadmaps&amp;rft.atitle=County+Health+Rankings+%26+Roadmaps&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.countyhealthrankings.org%2Fapp%2Ftennessee%2F2021%2Frankings%2Fknox%2Fcounty%2Foutcomes%2Foverall%2Fsnapshot&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lung.org/about-us/blog/2017/12/spotlight-on-success-knoxville.html">"Spotlight on Success: How Knoxville Dramatically Reduced Ozone Smog and Became a Cleaner, Healthier City"</a>. <i>American Lung Association</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180214142147/http://www.lung.org/about-us/blog/2017/12/spotlight-on-success-knoxville.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Lung+Association&amp;rft.atitle=Spotlight+on+Success%3A+How+Knoxville+Dramatically+Reduced+Ozone+Smog+and+Became+a+Cleaner%2C+Healthier+City&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lung.org%2Fabout-us%2Fblog%2F2017%2F12%2Fspotlight-on-success-knoxville.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/tennessee/2021/rankings/knox/county/outcomes/overall/snapshot">"County Health Rankings &amp; Roadmaps"</a>. <i>County Health Rankings &amp; Roadmaps</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=County+Health+Rankings+%26+Roadmaps&amp;rft.atitle=County+Health+Rankings+%26+Roadmaps&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.countyhealthrankings.org%2Fapp%2Ftennessee%2F2021%2Frankings%2Fknox%2Fcounty%2Foutcomes%2Foverall%2Fsnapshot&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kubelectricity-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kubelectricity_221-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kubelectricity_221-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kub.org/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gPC1OnYE8TIwMDlwAnAyMfl1BLU1c3j0BDI_2CbEdFAFsLtec!/">KUB—Electricity</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120234157/http://www.kub.org/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gPC1OnYE8TIwMDlwAnAyMfl1BLU1c3j0BDI_2CbEdFAFsLtec!">Archived</a> January 20, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, KUB website. Retrieved: January 24, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bolutil-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bolutil_222-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=21282">Knoxville-Area Utilities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309174806/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=21282">Archived</a> March 9, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxville Book of Lists (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 24, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tdotmap-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tdotmap_223-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tdotmap_223-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tdotmap_223-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tdotmap_223-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTennessee_Department_of_Transportation_Long_Range_Planning_Division_Office_of_Data_Visualization2018" class="citation map cs1">Tennessee Department of Transportation Long Range Planning Division Office of Data Visualization (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/tdot/maps/county-maps-(us-shields)/h-m/Knox%20County.pdf"><i>Knox County</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Department_of_Transportation" title="Tennessee Department of Transportation">Tennessee Department of Transportation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Knox+County&amp;rft.pub=Tennessee+Department+of+Transportation&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.au=Tennessee+Department+of+Transportation+Long+Range+Planning+Division+Office+of+Data+Visualization&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tn.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Ftn%2Ftdot%2Fmaps%2Fcounty-maps-%28us-shields%29%2Fh-m%2FKnox%2520County.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lakinjct-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lakinjct_224-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakin2012" class="citation news cs1">Lakin, Matt (August 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.knoxnews.com/news/local/junction-for-malfunction-ep-360224674-356724351.html">"Junction for malfunction"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_News_Sentinel" title="Knoxville News Sentinel">Knoxville News Sentinel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Knoxville+News+Sentinel&amp;rft.atitle=Junction+for+malfunction&amp;rft.date=2012-08-26&amp;rft.aulast=Lakin&amp;rft.aufirst=Matt&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.knoxnews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fjunction-for-malfunction-ep-360224674-356724351.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=19917">Knoxville Book of Lists—Knox Co.'s Busiest Roads</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120214120239/http://www.knoxvillebookoflists.com/?djoPage=view_html&amp;djoPid=19917">Archived</a> February 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Knoxvillebiz.com (<i>Knoxville News Sentinel</i>), 2012. Retrieved: January 11, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katbus.com/">Knoxville Area Transit website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111227113353/http://www.katbus.com/">Archived</a> December 27, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: December 31, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skyvector.com/airport/TYS/Mc-Ghee-Tyson-Airport">"TYS Airport data at skyvector.com"</a>. <i>skyvector.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=skyvector.com&amp;rft.atitle=TYS+Airport+data+at+skyvector.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskyvector.com%2Fairport%2FTYS%2FMc-Ghee-Tyson-Airport&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAA-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAA_228-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gcr1.com/5010ReportRouter/default.aspx?airportID=TYS">FAA Airport Form 5010 for TYS</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a></small> effective April 20, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tys.org/about-us">About McGhee Tyson Airport</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121215025001/http://www.tys.org/about-us">Archived</a> December 15, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: December 31, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=DKX">FAA Master Report Record for DKX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125071637/http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=DKX">Archived</a> January 25, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, July 2, 2009. Retrieved: December 31, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-krtpo-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-krtpo_231-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-krtpo_231-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-krtpo_231-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-krtpo_231-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-krtpo_231-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-krtpo_231-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-krtpo_231-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-krtpo_231-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-krtpo_231-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Knoxville Regional Transportation Planning Organization, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fixalcoahighway.com/files/KnoxTrans_2007_draft_update.pdf">2005–2030 Knoxville Regional Long Range Transportation Plan Update</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120121103625/http://www.fixalcoahighway.com/files/KnoxTrans_2007_draft_update.pdf">Archived</a> January 21, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2007, pp. 51–53. Retrieved: December 31, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rebecca Ferrar, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bus.utk.edu/cba/News_Articles/Teaming.pdf">Teaming With Possibilities: Norfolk Southern Partners with UT to Go Global</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425081859/http://bus.utk.edu/cba/News_Articles/Teaming.pdf">Archived</a> April 25, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Knoxnews.com</i>, January 15, 2006. Retrieved: December 31, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gulfandohio.com/railroads_tennessee_kxhr.htm">Knoxville &amp; Holston River Railroad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100718132050/http://www.gulfandohio.com/railroads_tennessee_kxhr.htm">Archived</a> July 18, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: December 31, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">USGS topographical maps. The entirety of the Tennessee River (652 miles), plus 46 miles along the Ohio River to where it empties into the Mississippi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Simms, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2008/nov/27/huckleberry-finn-alive-and-well/?sportsoutdoors">Huckleberry Finn is Alive and Well</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510145731/http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2008/nov/27/huckleberry-finn-alive-and-well/?sportsoutdoors">Archived</a> May 10, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Chattanooga Times-Free Press</i>, November 27, 2008. The trip is 437 miles along the Tennessee River from Knoxville to the entrance of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (near Pickwick Landing Dam in Hardin County), 234 miles along the waterway to Demopolis, Alabama, and another 214 miles along Tombigbee and Mobile rivers to Mobile.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.tenntom.org/using-the-tenn-tom/locks-and-dams/">Tennessee-Tombigbee Water—Tenn-Tom Quickfacts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120123194714/http://business.tenntom.org/using-the-tenn-tom/locks-and-dams/">Archived</a> January 23, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: January 1, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rollin-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rollin_237-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rollin_237-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rebecca Ferrar, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrn.usace.army.mil/history/rollin.htm">Rollin' On the River</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120531162032/http://www.lrn.usace.army.mil/history/rollin.htm">Archived</a> May 31, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Knoxville <i>News Sentinel</i>, August 22, 2004. Retrieved: January 1, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tarantinoknox-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tarantinoknox_238-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2019" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Maggie (July 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxnews.com/story/entertainment/movies/2019/07/22/quentin-tarantino-once-upon-time-star-trek-whats-next/1756305001/">"Keeping up with Knoxville's Quentin Tarantino: 'Once Upon a Time', 'Star Trek', beyond"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_News_Sentinel" title="Knoxville News Sentinel">Knoxville News Sentinel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Knoxville+News+Sentinel&amp;rft.atitle=Keeping+up+with+Knoxville%27s+Quentin+Tarantino%3A+%27Once+Upon+a+Time%27%2C+%27Star+Trek%27%2C+beyond&amp;rft.date=2019-07-22&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Maggie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2F2019%2F07%2F22%2Fquentin-tarantino-once-upon-time-star-trek-whats-next%2F1756305001%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgee2009" class="citation book cs1">Agee, James (2009) [1957]. <i>A Death in the Family</i>. London, England: Penguin Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0143105718" title="Special:BookSources/978-0143105718"><bdi>978-0143105718</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Death+in+the+Family&amp;rft.place=London%2C+England&amp;rft.pub=Penguin+Classics&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-0143105718&amp;rft.aulast=Agee&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Thomas Inge, Charles Reagan Wilson, et al., <i>The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Literature</i> (University of North Carolina Press, 2008), p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mighty-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mighty_241-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725133722/http://www.metropulse.com/news/2010/jun/23/mighty-metro-pulse-collection-awesome-knoxville-li/?print=1">The Mighty Metro Pulse Collection of Awesome Knoxville Lists</a>", <i>Metro Pulse</i>, June 23, 2010. Accessed at the Internet Archive, October 1, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tennessee Williams, "The Man In the Overstuffed Chair." <i>Collected Stories</i> (New York: New Directions Books, 1985), p. xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Neely, <i>Knoxville's Secret History</i> (Scruffy Books, 1995), pp. 56–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Neely, <i>From the Shadow Side: And Other Stories of Knoxville, Tennessee</i> (Tellico Books, 2003), p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynn Point Records, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lynnpoint.com/st_james/">The St. James Sessions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714010113/http://www.lynnpoint.com/st_james/">Archived</a> July 14, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved: February 5, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a129-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a129_246-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverett2016" class="citation web cs1">Everett, Matthew (May 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knoxmercury.com/2016/05/04/knoxville-sessions-introduction-st-james-hotel-recordings-1929-30/">"The Knoxville Sessions: An Introduction to the St. James Hotel Recordings of 1929-30"</a>. <i>The Knoxville Mercury</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Knoxville+Mercury&amp;rft.atitle=The+Knoxville+Sessions%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+St.+James+Hotel+Recordings+of+1929-30&amp;rft.date=2016-05-05&amp;rft.aulast=Everett&amp;rft.aufirst=Matthew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knoxmercury.com%2F2016%2F05%2F04%2Fknoxville-sessions-introduction-st-james-hotel-recordings-1929-30%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sisters-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sisters_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629184627/http://www.sister-cities.org/">"Sister City Directory"</a>. Sister Cities International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sister-cities.org/directory/index.cfm">the original</a> on June 29, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sister+City+Directory.&amp;rft.pub=Sister+Cities+International&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sister-cities.org%2Fdirectory%2Findex.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=55" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Barber, John W., and Howe, Henry. <i>All the Western States and Territories<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>...</i> (Cincinnati, Ohio: Howe's Subscription Book Concern, 1867). pp.<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>631–632.</li> <li>Carey, Ruth. "Change Comes to Knoxville", in <i>These Are Our Voices: The Story of Oak Ridge 1942–1970</i>, edited by James Overholt, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1987.</li> <li>Deaderick, Lucile, ed. <i>Heart of the Valley—A History of Knoxville, Tennessee</i> Knoxville: <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_Historical_Society" title="East Tennessee Historical Society">East Tennessee Historical Society</a>, 1976.</li> <li>Jennifer Long; "Government Job Creation Programs-Lessons from the 1930s and 1940s" <i>Journal of Economic Issues</i> . Volume: 33. Issue: 4. 1999. pp 903+, a case study of Knoxville.</li> <li>Isenhour, Judith Clayton. <i>Knoxville, A Pictorial History.</i> (Donning Company, 1978, 1980).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060415050020/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=K017">"Knoxville"</a>. <i>The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=K017">the original</a> on April 15, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Knoxville&amp;rft.btitle=The+Tennessee+Encyclopedia+of+History+and+Culture&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftennesseeencyclopedia.net%2Fimagegallery.php%3FEntryID%3DK017&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnoxville%2C+Tennessee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>McDonald, Michael, and Bruce Wheeler. <i>Knoxville, Tennessee: Continuity and Change in an Appalachian City</i> University of Tennessee Press, 1983. the standard academic history</li> <li>McKenzie, Robert Tracy. <i>Lincolnites and Rebels: A Divided Town in the American Civil War</i> (2009) on Knoxville <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Lincolnites-Rebels-Divided-American-Civil/dp/0195393937/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li><i>The Future of Knoxville's Past: Historic and Architectural Resources in Knoxville, Tennessee.</i> (Knoxville Historic Zoning Commission, October 2006).</li> <li>Rothrock, Mary U., editor. <i>The French Broad-Holston Country: A History of Knox County, Tennessee.</i> (Knox County Historical Committee; East Tennessee Historical Society, 1946).</li> <li>Temple, Oliver P. <i>East Tennessee and the Civil War</i> (1899) 588pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g8xYAAAAMAAJ">online edition</a></li> <li>Wheeler, Bruce. "Knoxville, Tennessee: A Mountain City in the New South" (University of Tennessee Press, 2005).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoxville,_Tennessee&amp;action=edit&amp;section=56" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karns,_Tennessee" title="Karns, Tennessee">Karns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee" title="Oak Ridge, Tennessee">Oak Ridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halls_Crossroads,_Tennessee" title="Halls Crossroads, Tennessee">Halls Crossroads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Powell,_Tennessee" title="Powell, Tennessee">Powell</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corryton,_Tennessee" title="Corryton, Tennessee">Corryton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maynardville,_Tennessee" title="Maynardville, Tennessee">Maynardville</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Hardin_Valley,_Tennessee" title="Hardin Valley, Tennessee">Hardin Valley</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Knoxville</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Mascot,_Tennessee" title="Mascot, Tennessee">Mascot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Plains,_Tennessee" title="Strawberry Plains, Tennessee">Strawberry Plains</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Farragut,_Tennessee" title="Farragut, Tennessee">Farragut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenoir_City,_Tennessee" title="Lenoir City, Tennessee">Lenoir City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alcoa,_Tennessee" title="Alcoa, Tennessee">Alcoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryville,_Tennessee" title="Maryville, Tennessee">Maryville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seymour,_Tennessee" title="Seymour, Tennessee">Seymour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyds_Creek,_Tennessee" title="Boyds Creek, Tennessee">Boyds Creek</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Knoxville" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Template:Knoxville, Tennessee"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Template talk:Knoxville, Tennessee"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Knoxville, Tennessee"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Knoxville" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Knoxville</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions and Neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Knoxville" title="Downtown Knoxville">Downtown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Place_Historic_District" title="Emory Place Historic District">Emory Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sanders,_Knoxville" title="Fort Sanders, Knoxville">Fort Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_and_Gill,_Knoxville" title="Fourth and Gill, Knoxville">Fourth and Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonsdale,_Knoxville" class="mw-redirect" title="Lonsdale, Knoxville">Lonsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marble_City,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marble City, Knoxville (page does not exist)">Marble City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanicsville,_Knoxville" title="Mechanicsville, Knoxville">Mechanicsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood-Lincoln_Park" title="Oakwood-Lincoln Park">Oakwood-Lincoln Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City,_Knoxville" title="Old City, Knoxville">Old City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_North_Knoxville" title="Old North Knoxville">Old North Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Waterfront,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="South Waterfront, Knoxville (page does not exist)">South Waterfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Knoxville" title="East Knoxville">East Knoxville</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlington,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Burlington, Knoxville (page does not exist)">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilhowee_Park,_Knoxville" title="Chilhowee Park, Knoxville">Chilhowee Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Points,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Five Points, Knoxville (page does not exist)">Five Points</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holston_Hills,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Holston Hills, Knoxville (page does not exist)">Holston Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morningside,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Morningside, Knoxville (page does not exist)">Morningside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkridge,_Knoxville" title="Parkridge, Knoxville">Parkridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Plains,_Tennessee" title="Strawberry Plains, Tennessee">Strawberry Plains</a>‡</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Knoxville" class="mw-redirect" title="North Knoxville">North Knoxville</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_Bell,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice Bell, Knoxville (page does not exist)">Alice Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_City,_Knoxville" title="Fountain City, Knoxville">Fountain City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inskip,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Inskip, Knoxville (page does not exist)">Inskip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hills_Historic_District_(Knoxville)" title="North Hills Historic District (Knoxville)">North Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwood,_Knoxville" title="Norwood, Knoxville">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell,_Tennessee" title="Powell, Tennessee">Powell</a>‡</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Knoxville" title="South Knoxville">South Knoxville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Village,_Knoxville" title="Colonial Village, Knoxville">Colonial Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Home_Park,_Knoxville" title="Island Home Park, Knoxville">Island Home Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Forest,_Knoxville" title="Lake Forest, Knoxville">Lake Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindbergh_Forest" title="Lindbergh Forest">Lindbergh Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Sevier,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Sevier, Knoxville (page does not exist)">Old Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestal,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestal, Knoxville (page does not exist)">Vestal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Knoxville" title="West Knoxville">West Knoxville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearden,_Knoxville" title="Bearden, Knoxville">Bearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Bluff,_Knoxville" title="Cedar Bluff, Knoxville">Cedar Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Heights,_Knoxville" title="Forest Heights, Knoxville">Forest Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyons_View,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyons View, Knoxville (page does not exist)">Lyons View</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northshore_Town_Center,_Knoxville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Northshore Town Center, Knoxville (page does not exist)">Northshore Town Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Hill,_Knoxville" title="Rocky Hill, Knoxville">Rocky Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_Hills,_Knoxville" class="mw-redirect" title="Sequoyah Hills, Knoxville">Sequoyah Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Creek,_Knoxville" title="Turkey Creek, Knoxville">Turkey Creek</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hills,_Knoxville" title="West Hills, Knoxville">West Hills</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoa_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoa Highway">Alcoa Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_White_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="James White Parkway">James White Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_Pike" title="Kingston Pike">Kingston Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Area_Transit" title="Knoxville Area Transit">Knoxville Area Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGhee_Tyson_Airport" title="McGhee Tyson Airport">McGhee Tyson Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellissippi_Parkway" title="Pellissippi Parkway">Pellissippi Parkway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knox_County_Schools" title="Knox County Schools">Knox County Schools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin-East_High_School" title="Austin-East High School">Austin-East HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearden_High_School_(Tennessee)" title="Bearden High School (Tennessee)">Bearden HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_High_School_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" title="Central High School (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Central HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_High_School_(Tennessee)" title="Fulton High School (Tennessee)">Fulton HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_High_School_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" title="West High School (Knoxville, Tennessee)">West HS</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_School_for_the_Deaf" title="Tennessee School for the Deaf">Tennessee School for the Deaf</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berean_Christian_School_(Knoxville,_Tennessee)" title="Berean Christian School (Knoxville, Tennessee)">Berean Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Academy_of_Knoxville" title="Christian Academy of Knoxville">Christian Academy of Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Catholic_High_School" title="Knoxville Catholic High School">Knoxville Catholic HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webb_School_of_Knoxville" title="Webb School of Knoxville">Webb School</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:University of Tennessee">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellissippi_State_Community_College" title="Pellissippi State Community College">Pellissippi State Community College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Knoxville" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Knoxville">Roman Catholic Diocese of Knoxville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_Hall_(Knoxville)" title="Old City Hall (Knoxville)">Old City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_Fair_Park" title="World&#39;s Fair Park">World's Fair Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Museum_of_Art" title="Knoxville Museum of Art">Knoxville Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunsphere" title="Sunsphere">Sunsphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Amphitheater" title="Tennessee Amphitheater">Tennessee Amphitheater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Theatre" title="Tennessee Theatre">Tennessee Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_Knoxville" title="Zoo Knoxville">Zoo Knoxville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>‡This neighborhood also has portions in adjacent municipalities or unincorporated areas<br /> <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Christian_School" title="Knoxville Christian School">Knoxville Christian School</a> is not in the city limits.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Knox_County,_Tennessee,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Template:Knox County, Tennessee"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Template talk:Knox County, Tennessee"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Knox County, Tennessee"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Knox_County,_Tennessee,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Knox County, Tennessee"><span class="region">Knox County, Tennessee</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Knoxville</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knoxville</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Knox_County.svg/180px-Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Knox_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Knox_County.svg/270px-Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Knox_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Knox_County.svg/360px-Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Knox_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3907" data-file-height="958" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farragut,_Tennessee" title="Farragut, Tennessee">Farragut</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halls_Crossroads,_Tennessee" title="Halls Crossroads, Tennessee">Halls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sevier,_Tennessee" title="John Sevier, Tennessee">John Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karns,_Tennessee" title="Karns, Tennessee">Karns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascot,_Tennessee" title="Mascot, Tennessee">Mascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell,_Tennessee" title="Powell, Tennessee">Powell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beech_Grove,_Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Beech Grove, Knox County, Tennessee">Beech Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonny_Kate,_Tennessee" title="Bonny Kate, Tennessee">Bonny Kate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter,_Tennessee" title="Carter, Tennessee">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_Tennessee" title="Concord, Tennessee">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinth,_Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Corinth, Knox County, Tennessee">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corryton,_Tennessee" title="Corryton, Tennessee">Corryton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandview,_Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Grandview, Knox County, Tennessee">Grandview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardin_Valley,_Tennessee" title="Hardin Valley, Tennessee">Hardin Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbison_Crossroads,_Tennessee" title="Harbison Crossroads, Tennessee">Harbison Crossroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiskell,_Tennessee" title="Heiskell, Tennessee">Heiskell</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberlin_Heights,_Tennessee" title="Kimberlin Heights, Tennessee">Kimberlin Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_Court,_Tennessee" title="King Arthur Court, Tennessee">King Arthur Court</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway,_Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Midway, Knox County, Tennessee">Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millertown,_Tennessee" title="Millertown, Tennessee">Millertown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hopewell,_Tennessee" title="New Hopewell, Tennessee">New Hopewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shady_Grove,_Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Shady Grove, Knox County, Tennessee">Shady Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solway,_Tennessee" title="Solway, Tennessee">Solway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorn_Grove,_Tennessee" title="Thorn Grove, Tennessee">Thorn Grove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tennessee_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Tennessee (state)"><span>Tennessee portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Knoxville_metropolitan_area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Knoxville_metropolitan_area" title="Template:Knoxville metropolitan area"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Knoxville_metropolitan_area" title="Template talk:Knoxville metropolitan area"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Knoxville_metropolitan_area" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Knoxville metropolitan area"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Knoxville_metropolitan_area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_metropolitan_area" title="Knoxville metropolitan area">Knoxville metropolitan area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knoxville</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Knoxville"><img alt="Knoxville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg/80px-Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg/120px-Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg/160px-Knoxville_TN_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tennessee.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tennessee"><img alt="Flag of Tennessee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/80px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/120px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/160px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Openingt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tennessee Volunteers football"><img alt="Tennessee Volunteers football" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Openingt.jpg/80px-Openingt.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Openingt.jpg/120px-Openingt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Openingt.jpg/160px-Openingt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:15-19-158,_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Great Smoky Mountains"><img alt="Great Smoky Mountains" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg/80px-15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg/160px-15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3068" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoa,_Tennessee" title="Alcoa, Tennessee">Alcoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_Station,_Tennessee" title="Bean Station, Tennessee">Bean Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine,_Tennessee" title="Blaine, Tennessee">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Tennessee" title="Clinton, Tennessee">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farragut,_Tennessee" title="Farragut, Tennessee">Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Tennessee" title="Jefferson City, Tennessee">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaFollette,_Tennessee" title="LaFollette, Tennessee">LaFollette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenoir_City,_Tennessee" title="Lenoir City, Tennessee">Lenoir City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryville,_Tennessee" title="Maryville, Tennessee">Maryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynardville,_Tennessee" title="Maynardville, Tennessee">Maynardville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown,_Tennessee" title="Morristown, Tennessee">Morristown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee" title="Oak Ridge, Tennessee">Oak Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Tennessee" title="Newport, Tennessee">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutledge,_Tennessee" title="Rutledge, Tennessee">Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevierville,_Tennessee" title="Sevierville, Tennessee">Sevierville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_Tennessee" title="Anderson County, Tennessee">Anderson County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blount_County,_Tennessee" title="Blount County, Tennessee">Blount County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_County,_Tennessee" title="Campbell County, Tennessee">Campbell County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocke_County,_Tennessee" title="Cocke County, Tennessee">Cocke County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grainger_County,_Tennessee" title="Grainger County, Tennessee">Grainger County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamblen_County,_Tennessee" title="Hamblen County, Tennessee">Hamblen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Knox County, Tennessee">Knox County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Tennessee" title="Jefferson County, Tennessee">Jefferson County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudon_County,_Tennessee" title="Loudon County, Tennessee">Loudon County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Tennessee" title="Morgan County, Tennessee">Morgan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roane_County,_Tennessee" title="Roane County, Tennessee">Roane County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevier_County,_Tennessee" title="Sevier County, Tennessee">Sevier County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Tennessee" title="Union County, Tennessee">Union County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Tennessee" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tennessee" title="Template:Tennessee"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tennessee" title="Template talk:Tennessee"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tennessee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tennessee"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Tennessee" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Tennessee" title="Category:Tennessee">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Tennessee" title="Abortion in Tennessee">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Tennessee" title="Cannabis in Tennessee">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Tennessee" title="Climate change in Tennessee">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Tennessee" title="Name of Tennessee">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tennessee" title="History of Tennessee">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Tennessee" title="Outline of Tennessee">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tennessee" title="Geography of Tennessee">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Tennessee" title="Gun laws in Tennessee">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Tennessee">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Tennessee" title="List of people from Tennessee">Tennesseans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Tennessee" title="African Americans in Tennessee">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Tennessee">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Tennessee" title="Category:Mass media in Tennessee">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Tennessee" title="List of newspapers in Tennessee">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Tennessee" title="List of radio stations in Tennessee">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Tennessee" title="List of television stations in Tennessee">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Tennessee" title="Constitution of Tennessee">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Tennessee" title="Elections in Tennessee">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee" title="Governor of Tennessee">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Tennessee" title="List of governors of Tennessee">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Tennessee" title="Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee">Lieutenant Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_General_Assembly" title="Tennessee General Assembly">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Supreme_Court" title="Tennessee Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Military_Department" title="Tennessee Military Department">Tennessee National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_Tennessee" title="List of law enforcement agencies in Tennessee">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tennessee_state_symbols" title="List of Tennessee state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Tennessee" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Tennessee">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Tennessee" title="List of colleges and universities in Tennessee">Colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Tennessee" title="Crime in Tennessee">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tennessee" title="Demographics of Tennessee">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tennessee" title="Economy of Tennessee">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tennessee" title="Education in Tennessee">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Tennessee">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tennessee" title="Music of Tennessee">Music</a></li> <li>Media <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Tennessee" title="List of newspapers in Tennessee">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Tennessee" title="List of radio stations in Tennessee">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Tennessee" title="List of television stations in Tennessee">TV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Divisions_of_Tennessee" title="Grand Divisions of Tennessee">Grand Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Tennessee" title="Middle Tennessee">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Tennessee" title="West Tennessee">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Mountains" title="Cumberland Mountains">Cumberland Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Plateau" title="Cumberland Plateau">Cumberland Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Appalachian_Valley" title="Great Appalachian Valley">Great Appalachian Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Rim" title="Highland Rim">Highland Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Alluvial_Plain" title="Mississippi Alluvial Plain">Mississippi Alluvial Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_embayment" title="Mississippi embayment">Mississippi embayment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Basin" title="Nashville Basin">Nashville Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley" title="Tennessee Valley">Tennessee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Cities,_Tennessee" title="Tri-Cities, Tennessee">Tri-Cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Tennessee" title="List of municipalities in Tennessee">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Tennessee" title="Clarksville, Tennessee">Clarksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murfreesboro,_Tennessee" title="Murfreesboro, Tennessee">Murfreesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Tennessee" title="Franklin, Tennessee">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_City,_Tennessee" title="Johnson City, Tennessee">Johnson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Tennessee" title="Jackson, Tennessee">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendersonville,_Tennessee" title="Hendersonville, Tennessee">Hendersonville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_of_Tennessee" title="List of metropolitan areas of Tennessee">Metropolitan areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_metropolitan_area" title="Chattanooga metropolitan area">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksville_metropolitan_area" title="Clarksville metropolitan area">Clarksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_metropolitan_area,_Tennessee" title="Cleveland metropolitan area, Tennessee">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_metropolitan_area,_Tennessee" title="Jackson metropolitan area, Tennessee">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_City_metropolitan_area,_Tennessee" title="Johnson City metropolitan area, Tennessee">Johnson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsport%E2%80%93Bristol%E2%80%93Bristol_metropolitan_area" title="Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol metropolitan area">Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_metropolitan_area" title="Knoxville metropolitan area">Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_metropolitan_area" title="Memphis metropolitan area">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown_metropolitan_area" title="Morristown metropolitan area">Morristown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_metropolitan_area" title="Nashville metropolitan area">Nashville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">Combined<br />statistical areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga%E2%80%93Cleveland%E2%80%93Dalton_combined_statistical_area" title="Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton combined statistical area">Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Micropolitan_statistical_area" title="Micropolitan statistical area">Micropolitan areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cookeville_micropolitan_area" title="Cookeville micropolitan area">Cookeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullahoma%E2%80%93Manchester_micropolitan_area" title="Tullahoma–Manchester micropolitan area">Tullahoma–Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_City_micropolitan_area,_Tennessee" title="Union City micropolitan area, Tennessee">Union City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Tennessee" title="List of counties in Tennessee">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_Tennessee" title="Anderson County, Tennessee">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_County,_Tennessee" title="Bedford County, Tennessee">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_County,_Tennessee" title="Benton County, Tennessee">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledsoe_County,_Tennessee" title="Bledsoe County, Tennessee">Bledsoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blount_County,_Tennessee" title="Blount County, Tennessee">Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_County,_Tennessee" title="Bradley County, Tennessee">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_County,_Tennessee" title="Campbell County, Tennessee">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_County,_Tennessee" title="Cannon County, Tennessee">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Tennessee" title="Carroll County, Tennessee">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_County,_Tennessee" title="Carter County, Tennessee">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheatham_County,_Tennessee" title="Cheatham County, Tennessee">Cheatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_County,_Tennessee" title="Chester County, Tennessee">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claiborne_County,_Tennessee" title="Claiborne County, Tennessee">Claiborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Tennessee" title="Clay County, Tennessee">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocke_County,_Tennessee" title="Cocke County, Tennessee">Cocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_County,_Tennessee" title="Coffee County, Tennessee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockett_County,_Tennessee" title="Crockett County, Tennessee">Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Tennessee" title="Cumberland County, Tennessee">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidson_County,_Tennessee" title="Davidson County, Tennessee">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur_County,_Tennessee" title="Decatur County, Tennessee">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County,_Tennessee" title="DeKalb County, Tennessee">DeKalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickson_County,_Tennessee" title="Dickson County, Tennessee">Dickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_County,_Tennessee" title="Dyer County, Tennessee">Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Tennessee" title="Fayette County, Tennessee">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentress_County,_Tennessee" title="Fentress County, Tennessee">Fentress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Tennessee" title="Franklin County, Tennessee">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_County,_Tennessee" title="Gibson County, Tennessee">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_County,_Tennessee" title="Giles County, Tennessee">Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grainger_County,_Tennessee" title="Grainger County, Tennessee">Grainger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Tennessee" title="Greene County, Tennessee">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundy_County,_Tennessee" title="Grundy County, Tennessee">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamblen_County,_Tennessee" title="Hamblen County, Tennessee">Hamblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Tennessee" title="Hamilton County, Tennessee">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Tennessee" title="Hancock County, Tennessee">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardeman_County,_Tennessee" title="Hardeman County, Tennessee">Hardeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Tennessee" title="Hardin County, Tennessee">Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkins_County,_Tennessee" title="Hawkins County, Tennessee">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haywood_County,_Tennessee" title="Haywood County, Tennessee">Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson_County,_Tennessee" title="Henderson County, Tennessee">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Tennessee" title="Henry County, Tennessee">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickman_County,_Tennessee" title="Hickman County, Tennessee">Hickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_County,_Tennessee" title="Houston County, Tennessee">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphreys_County,_Tennessee" title="Humphreys County, Tennessee">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Tennessee" title="Jackson County, Tennessee">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Tennessee" title="Jefferson County, Tennessee">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Tennessee" title="Johnson County, Tennessee">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Knox County, Tennessee">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Tennessee" title="Lake County, Tennessee">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauderdale_County,_Tennessee" title="Lauderdale County, Tennessee">Lauderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Tennessee" title="Lawrence County, Tennessee">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_Tennessee" title="Lewis County, Tennessee">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Tennessee" title="Lincoln County, Tennessee">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudon_County,_Tennessee" title="Loudon County, Tennessee">Loudon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon_County,_Tennessee" title="Macon County, Tennessee">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Tennessee" title="Madison County, Tennessee">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Tennessee" title="Marion County, Tennessee">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Tennessee" title="Marshall County, Tennessee">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maury_County,_Tennessee" title="Maury County, Tennessee">Maury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMinn_County,_Tennessee" title="McMinn County, Tennessee">McMinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McNairy_County,_Tennessee" title="McNairy County, Tennessee">McNairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meigs_County,_Tennessee" title="Meigs County, Tennessee">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Tennessee" title="Monroe County, Tennessee">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Tennessee" title="Montgomery County, Tennessee">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore_County,_Tennessee" title="Moore County, Tennessee">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Tennessee" title="Morgan County, Tennessee">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obion_County,_Tennessee" title="Obion County, Tennessee">Obion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overton_County,_Tennessee" title="Overton County, Tennessee">Overton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Tennessee" title="Perry County, Tennessee">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickett_County,_Tennessee" title="Pickett County, Tennessee">Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Tennessee" title="Polk County, Tennessee">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_Tennessee" title="Putnam County, Tennessee">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_County,_Tennessee" title="Rhea County, Tennessee">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roane_County,_Tennessee" title="Roane County, Tennessee">Roane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertson_County,_Tennessee" title="Robertson County, Tennessee">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_County,_Tennessee" title="Rutherford County, Tennessee">Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Tennessee" title="Scott County, Tennessee">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequatchie_County,_Tennessee" title="Sequatchie County, Tennessee">Sequatchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevier_County,_Tennessee" title="Sevier County, Tennessee">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Tennessee" title="Shelby County, Tennessee">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_County,_Tennessee" title="Smith County, Tennessee">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_County,_Tennessee" title="Stewart County, Tennessee">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Tennessee" title="Sullivan County, Tennessee">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner_County,_Tennessee" title="Sumner County, Tennessee">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipton_County,_Tennessee" title="Tipton County, Tennessee">Tipton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trousdale_County,_Tennessee" title="Trousdale County, Tennessee">Trousdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicoi_County,_Tennessee" title="Unicoi County, Tennessee">Unicoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Tennessee" title="Union County, Tennessee">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Buren_County,_Tennessee" title="Van Buren County, Tennessee">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Tennessee" title="Warren County, Tennessee">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Tennessee" title="Washington County, Tennessee">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Tennessee" title="Wayne County, Tennessee">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weakley_County,_Tennessee" title="Weakley County, Tennessee">Weakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_County,_Tennessee" title="White County, Tennessee">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Tennessee" title="Williamson County, Tennessee">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_County,_Tennessee" title="Wilson County, Tennessee">Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/32px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/48px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/64px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tennessee" title="Portal:Tennessee">Tennessee&#32;portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Knoxville,_Tennessee_Metropolitan_Area_sports_venues" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Knoxville,_Tennessee_sports_venues" title="Template:Knoxville, Tennessee sports venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Knoxville,_Tennessee_sports_venues" title="Template talk:Knoxville, Tennessee sports venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Knoxville,_Tennessee_sports_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Knoxville, Tennessee sports venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Knoxville,_Tennessee_Metropolitan_Area_sports_venues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knoxville, Tennessee</a> Metropolitan Area sports venues</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Civic_Coliseum" title="Knoxville Civic Coliseum">Knoxville Civic Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Nelson_Stadium" title="Lindsey Nelson Stadium">Lindsey Nelson Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyland_Stadium" title="Neyland Stadium">Neyland Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherri_Parker_Lee_Stadium" title="Sherri Parker Lee Stadium">Sherri Parker Lee Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Black_Track_at_LaPorte_Stadium" title="Tom Black Track at LaPorte Stadium">Tom Black Track at LaPorte Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson%E2%80%93Boling_Arena" title="Thompson–Boling Arena">Thompson–Boling Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neyland_aerial_view_of_checkerboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Knoxville"><img alt="Knoxville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Neyland_aerial_view_of_checkerboard.jpg/100px-Neyland_aerial_view_of_checkerboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Neyland_aerial_view_of_checkerboard.jpg/150px-Neyland_aerial_view_of_checkerboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Neyland_aerial_view_of_checkerboard.jpg/200px-Neyland_aerial_view_of_checkerboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="508" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Meyer_Stadium" title="Bill Meyer Stadium">Bill Meyer Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokies_Stadium" title="Smokies Stadium">Smokies Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned/<br />Under construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Health_Park" title="Covenant Health Park">Covenant Health Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Tennessee" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tennessee_county_seats" title="Template:Tennessee county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tennessee_county_seats" title="Template talk:Tennessee county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tennessee_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tennessee county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Tennessee" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamo,_Tennessee" title="Alamo, Tennessee">Alamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamont,_Tennessee" title="Altamont, Tennessee">Altamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland_City,_Tennessee" title="Ashland City, Tennessee">Ashland City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Tennessee" title="Athens, Tennessee">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton,_Tennessee" title="Benton, Tennessee">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blountville,_Tennessee" title="Blountville, Tennessee">Blountville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivar,_Tennessee" title="Bolivar, Tennessee">Bolivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Tennessee" title="Brownsville, Tennessee">Brownsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byrdstown,_Tennessee" title="Byrdstown, Tennessee">Byrdstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden,_Tennessee" title="Camden, Tennessee">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthage,_Tennessee" title="Carthage, Tennessee">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celina,_Tennessee" title="Celina, Tennessee">Celina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerville,_Tennessee" title="Centerville, Tennessee">Centerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Tennessee" title="Charlotte, Tennessee">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Tennessee" title="Clarksville, Tennessee">Clarksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Tennessee" title="Clinton, Tennessee">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Tennessee" title="Cleveland, Tennessee">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Tennessee" title="Columbia, Tennessee">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookeville,_Tennessee" title="Cookeville, Tennessee">Cookeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Tennessee" title="Covington, Tennessee">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossville,_Tennessee" title="Crossville, Tennessee">Crossville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandridge,_Tennessee" title="Dandridge, Tennessee">Dandridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Tennessee" title="Dayton, Tennessee">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Tennessee" title="Decatur, Tennessee">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decaturville,_Tennessee" title="Decaturville, Tennessee">Decaturville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Tennessee" title="Dover, Tennessee">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden,_Tennessee" title="Dresden, Tennessee">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlap,_Tennessee" title="Dunlap, Tennessee">Dunlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyersburg,_Tennessee" title="Dyersburg, Tennessee">Dyersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethton,_Tennessee" title="Elizabethton, Tennessee">Elizabethton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin,_Tennessee" title="Erin, Tennessee">Erin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin,_Tennessee" title="Erwin, Tennessee">Erwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_Tennessee" title="Fayetteville, Tennessee">Fayetteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Tennessee" title="Franklin, Tennessee">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainesboro,_Tennessee" title="Gainesboro, Tennessee">Gainesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallatin,_Tennessee" title="Gallatin, Tennessee">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeneville,_Tennessee" title="Greeneville, Tennessee">Greeneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartsville,_Tennessee" title="Hartsville, Tennessee">Hartsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Tennessee" title="Henderson, Tennessee">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenwald,_Tennessee" title="Hohenwald, Tennessee">Hohenwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdon,_Tennessee" title="Huntingdon, Tennessee">Huntingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Tennessee" title="Huntsville, Tennessee">Huntsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksboro,_Tennessee" title="Jacksboro, Tennessee">Jacksboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Tennessee" title="Jackson, Tennessee">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Tennessee" title="Jamestown, Tennessee">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper,_Tennessee" title="Jasper, Tennessee">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonesborough,_Tennessee" title="Jonesborough, Tennessee">Jonesborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Tennessee" title="Kingston, Tennessee">Kingston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Tennessee" title="Lafayette, Tennessee">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrenceburg,_Tennessee" title="Lawrenceburg, Tennessee">Lawrenceburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Tennessee" title="Lebanon, Tennessee">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisburg,_Tennessee" title="Lewisburg, Tennessee">Lewisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Tennessee" title="Lexington, Tennessee">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Tennessee" title="Linden, Tennessee">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_Tennessee" title="Livingston, Tennessee">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudon,_Tennessee" title="Loudon, Tennessee">Loudon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Tennessee" title="Lynchburg, Tennessee">Lynchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madisonville,_Tennessee" title="Madisonville, Tennessee">Madisonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Tennessee" title="Manchester, Tennessee">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryville,_Tennessee" title="Maryville, Tennessee">Maryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynardville,_Tennessee" title="Maynardville, Tennessee">Maynardville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMinnville,_Tennessee" title="McMinnville, Tennessee">McMinville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown,_Tennessee" title="Morristown, Tennessee">Morristown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_City,_Tennessee" title="Mountain City, Tennessee">Mountain City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murfreesboro,_Tennessee" title="Murfreesboro, Tennessee">Murfreesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Tennessee" title="Newport, Tennessee">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Tennessee" title="Paris, Tennessee">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikeville,_Tennessee" title="Pikeville, Tennessee">Pikeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski,_Tennessee" title="Pulaski, Tennessee">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripley,_Tennessee" title="Ripley, Tennessee">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogersville,_Tennessee" title="Rogersville, Tennessee">Rogersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutledge,_Tennessee" title="Rutledge, Tennessee">Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Tennessee" title="Savannah, Tennessee">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selmer,_Tennessee" title="Selmer, Tennessee">Selmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevierville,_Tennessee" title="Sevierville, Tennessee">Sevierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelbyville,_Tennessee" title="Shelbyville, Tennessee">Shelbyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithville,_Tennessee" title="Smithville, Tennessee">Smithville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneedville,_Tennessee" title="Sneedville, Tennessee">Sneedville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Tennessee" title="Somerville, Tennessee">Somerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta,_Tennessee" title="Sparta, Tennessee">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer,_Tennessee" title="Spencer, Tennessee">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Tennessee" title="Springfield, Tennessee">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazewell,_Tennessee" title="Tazewell, Tennessee">Tazewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiptonville,_Tennessee" title="Tiptonville, Tennessee">Tiptonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_Tennessee" title="Trenton, Tennessee">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_City,_Tennessee" title="Union City, Tennessee">Union City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartburg,_Tennessee" title="Wartburg, Tennessee">Wartburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverly,_Tennessee" title="Waverly, Tennessee">Waverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waynesboro,_Tennessee" title="Waynesboro, Tennessee">Waynesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Tennessee" title="Winchester, Tennessee">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbury,_Tennessee" title="Woodbury, Tennessee">Woodbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151260412">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206442/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbM4r3xr4VBrGm78bgBT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4110326-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79109786">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119681965">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119681965">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Knoxville (Tennessee)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge403337&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007552622605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2412f885-2939-44dc-ac6a-7c1275052c5c">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/086201220">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046072">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐74d78f4769‐57r8q Cached time: 20241127174950 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 2.331 seconds Real time usage: 2.772 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21882/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 487289/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 42830/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 26/100 Expensive parser function count: 37/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 585572/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.125/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 13116895/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: ? 300 ms 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