What is a transistor? - Electronics Foundations: Semiconductor Devices Video Tutorial

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="pageKey" content="d_learning_course_video_guest">  <meta name="linkedin:pageTag" content="view_video"> <meta name="locale" content="en_US"> <meta id="config" data-app-version="2.0.2343" data-call-tree-id="AAYuUcs7DgBK1XpytMTvHg==" data-multiproduct-name="learning-guest-frontend" data-service-name="learning-guest-frontend" data-browser-id="3faa2214-6d75-4960-8317-aad3fcba1867" data-enable-page-view-heartbeat-tracking data-page-instance="urn:li:page:learning_course_video_guest;ylTrZraISBalArsBFDM4Xg==" data-disable-jsbeacon-pagekey-suffix="false" data-member-id="0" data-dna-member-lix-treatment="control" data-human-member-lix-treatment="control" data-dfp-member-lix-treatment="control"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/what-is-a-transistor-14920032">     <link rel="manifest" href="/homepage-guest/manifest.json" crossorigin="use-credentials">  <script> function getDfd() {let yFn,nFn;const p=new Promise(function(y, n){yFn=y;nFn=n;});p.resolve=yFn;p.reject=nFn;return p;} window.lazyloader = getDfd(); window.tracking = getDfd(); window.impressionTracking = getDfd(); window.ingraphTracking = getDfd(); window.appDetection = getDfd(); window.pemTracking = getDfd(); </script>  <link rel="icon" href="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/444zstxv7s91nepfm5et6ofge"> <title>What is a transistor? - Electronics Foundations: Semiconductor Devices Video Tutorial | LinkedIn Learning, formerly Lynda.com</title> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive, max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="description" content="In this video, learn what a transistor is, the different operating regions, and the two main types of transistors."> <meta property="og:site_name" content="LinkedIn"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@LI_Learning"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="litmsProfileName" content="learning-guest-frontend"> <meta property="og:title" content="What is a transistor? - Electronics Foundations: Semiconductor Devices Video Tutorial | LinkedIn Learning, formerly Lynda.com"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="What is a transistor? - Electronics Foundations: Semiconductor Devices Video Tutorial | LinkedIn Learning, formerly Lynda.com"> <meta property="og:description" content="In this video, learn what a transistor is, the different operating regions, and the two main types of transistors."> <meta name="twitter:description" content="In this video, learn what a transistor is, the different operating regions, and the two main types of transistors."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0DAQHgGnnVi805qQ/learning-public-crop_675_1200/learning-public-crop_675_1200/0/1568665832892?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=Ypw2yjdums5wx5YRSL28QGOJSiofPJYLY61sfxGnHGM"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0DAQHgGnnVi805qQ/learning-public-crop_675_1200/learning-public-crop_675_1200/0/1568665832892?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=Ypw2yjdums5wx5YRSL28QGOJSiofPJYLY61sfxGnHGM">  <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/what-is-a-transistor-14920032"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta name="clientSideIngraphs" content="1" data-gauge-metric-endpoint="/learning-guest/api/ingraphs/gauge" data-counter-metric-endpoint="/learning-guest/api/ingraphs/counter"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9n4hppgew51ms24gvxjptane1"> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"VideoObject","name":"What is a transistor? - Electronics Foundations: Semiconductor Devices","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Barron Stone","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/learning/instructors/barron-stone"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E0DAQHgGnnVi805qQ/learning-public-crop_675_1200/learning-public-crop_675_1200/0/1568665832892?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=Ypw2yjdums5wx5YRSL28QGOJSiofPJYLY61sfxGnHGM","description":"Discover how to build electronic circuits using three common types of semiconductor components: diodes, transistors, and operational amplifiers.","duration":"PT5M9S","datePublished":"2017-09-08","uploadDate":"2017-09-08","requiresSubscription":false,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"contentUrl":"https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/what-is-a-transistor-14920032","interactionCount":321497,"interactionStatistic":[{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"http://schema.org/WatchAction","userInteractionCount":321497}],"transcript":" - A transistor is an electronic component that acts like a valve to control the amount of current passing through it. Much like how this valve on the faucet controls the amount of water flowing through the hose. A transistor has three terminals. One terminal brings current into the transistor. And a second terminal carries that current out. The third terminal is like this handle and it's used to control the amount of current passing through those other two terminals. Now, unlike this handle, which I adjust by physically moving, we control the current through a transistor by using an electrical signal. Based on that electrical signal, I can have the transistor operating in one of three modes. I could turn the transistor so that the valve is completely open, and the current passes through it, more or less unrestricted. This is known as the saturation mode and the transistor is basically acting like a short circuit. On the other extreme, I could close that valve all the way to completely block the flow of current through the transistor. Now the transistor is operating in the cutoff mode, like an open circuit. When I use a transistor to select between one of these two modes, either completely open or completely closed, I can use the transistor to switch on or off parts of a circuit. And computers are built of millions or even billions of tiny little transistors doing just that, switching on and off to represent ones and zeros of digital information. But a transistor doesn't just have to be used in either on or off modes. It can also operate in the third mode known as the active region. When it's in the active region, it's as if the handle was somewhere in the middle. And in the active region, small changes to the amount of current at that input control terminal make much larger changes to the amount of current passing through the transistor. This allows the transistor to be used as an amplifier to take small input signals and make them much larger output signals. There are two main types of transistors that you'll encounter. Bipolar junction transistors, which are referred to as BJTs. And field effect transistors, or FETs. Although both types of transistors have three terminals, those terminals are given different names in BJTs and FETs because those two types of transistors have different physical structures. On a BJT, the terminals are called the base, emitter, and collector. And on FET, they're called the gate, source, and drain. Conceptually though, both types of transistors perform a similar function. The base terminal on a BJT and the gate terminal on a FET act like the valve handle on my faucet. They're used to control the flow of current between the other two transistor terminals. Now, the way that those two types of transistors are controlled is different. The amount of current that a BJTs lets through is controlled by the amount of current into its base terminal. Whereas FETs are controlled by voltage at the gate. But from a high level, they're both just electrically controlled valves that are used to regulate an external source of current. Since transistors have the ability to control the flow of current through them, based on another electrical signal, they fall into a category of devices known as active components, which includes transistors as well as the more complex integrated circuit components like operational amplifiers, which are built using transistors. Active components require an external source of power to operate. And because they draw power from an external source, they can be used to amplify a signal, which means they can produce an output signal with more power in it than the original input signal. The opposite of active components are a category of devices called passive components, which includes resistors, capacitors, inductors, and even diodes. Passive components cannot be controlled by another electrical signal. They only respond to the voltage across them and the current through them. But unlike active components, passive components can operate without an external power source. Although it's possible to build passive circuits containing only passive components that provide a voltage gain, meaning they increase or decrease the voltage of a signal, passive components cannot produce a power gain. The power out of a passive circuit will always be less than or at the very best equal to the input power. Almost all circuits will include some combination of passive components, but they need to have at least one active component to be considered an active circuit. According to some definitions for a circuit to be properly called electronic it has to contain active components, controlling the flow of electricity. I tend to throw around the term electronic somewhat generously to describe both active and passive circuits, but active circuits really are what make electronics exciting. 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Much like how this valve on the faucet controls the amount of water flowing through the hose. A transistor has three terminals. One terminal brings current into the transistor. And a second terminal carries that current out. The third terminal is like this handle and it's used to control the amount of current passing through those other two terminals. Now, unlike this handle, which I adjust by physically moving, we control the current through a transistor by using an electrical signal. Based on that electrical signal, I can have the transistor operating in one of three modes. I could turn the transistor so that the valve is completely open, and the current passes through it, more or less unrestricted. This is known as the saturation mode and the transistor is basically acting like a short circuit. On the other extreme, I could close that valve all the way to completely block the flow of current through the transistor. Now the transistor is operating in the cutoff mode, like an open circuit. When I use a transistor to select between one of these two modes, either completely open or completely closed, I can use the transistor to switch on or off parts of a circuit. And computers are built of millions or even billions of tiny little transistors doing just that, switching on and off to represent ones and zeros of digital information. But a transistor doesn't just have to be used in either on or off modes. It can also operate in the third mode known as the active region. When it's in the active region, it's as if the handle was somewhere in the middle. And in the active region, small changes to the amount of current at that input control terminal make much larger changes to the amount of current passing through the transistor. This allows the transistor to be used as an amplifier to take small input signals and make them much larger output signals. There are two main types of transistors that you'll encounter. Bipolar junction transistors, which are referred to as BJTs. And field effect transistors, or FETs. Although both types of transistors have three terminals, those terminals are given different names in BJTs and FETs because those two types of transistors have different physical structures. On a BJT, the terminals are called the base, emitter, and collector. And on FET, they're called the gate, source, and drain. Conceptually though, both types of transistors perform a similar function. The base terminal on a BJT and the gate terminal on a FET act like the valve handle on my faucet. They're used to control the flow of current between the other two transistor terminals. Now, the way that those two types of transistors are controlled is different. The amount of current that a BJTs lets through is controlled by the amount of current into its base terminal. Whereas FETs are controlled by voltage at the gate. But from a high level, they're both just electrically controlled valves that are used to regulate an external source of current. Since transistors have the ability to control the flow of current through them, based on another electrical signal, they fall into a category of devices known as active components, which includes transistors as well as the more complex integrated circuit components like operational amplifiers, which are built using transistors. Active components require an external source of power to operate. And because they draw power from an external source, they can be used to amplify a signal, which means they can produce an output signal with more power in it than the original input signal. The opposite of active components are a category of devices called passive components, which includes resistors, capacitors, inductors, and even diodes. Passive components cannot be controlled by another electrical signal. They only respond to the voltage across them and the current through them. But unlike active components, passive components can operate without an external power source. Although it's possible to build passive circuits containing only passive components that provide a voltage gain, meaning they increase or decrease the voltage of a signal, passive components cannot produce a power gain. The power out of a passive circuit will always be less than or at the very best equal to the input power. Almost all circuits will include some combination of passive components, but they need to have at least one active component to be considered an active circuit. According to some definitions for a circuit to be properly called electronic it has to contain active components, controlling the flow of electricity. 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class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 32s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/what-you-should-know-14920024?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--unlocked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5jwhkytplzxiejvhzfu0t7m8l" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--unlocked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> What you should know </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 44s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/use-the-exercise-files-14914784?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--unlocked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5jwhkytplzxiejvhzfu0t7m8l" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--unlocked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Use the exercise files </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 55s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/safety-warnings-14915548?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--unlocked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5jwhkytplzxiejvhzfu0t7m8l" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--unlocked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Safety warnings </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 1. Diodes <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 1. Diodes <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/semiconductor-materials-14914790?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--unlocked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5jwhkytplzxiejvhzfu0t7m8l" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--unlocked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Semiconductor materials </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 7m 50s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/what-is-a-diode-14918151?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> What is a diode? </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 7m 32s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/diode-characteristics-14918136?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Diode characteristics </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 6m 4s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 2. Diode Applications <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 2. Diode Applications <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/rectify-a-signal-14915549?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--unlocked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5jwhkytplzxiejvhzfu0t7m8l" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--unlocked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Rectify a signal </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 6m 43s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/detect-the-signal-peak-14917128?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Detect the signal peak </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 4m 34s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/protect-against-large-signals-14919084?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Protect against large signals </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 25s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/protect-against-reverse-current-14913890?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Protect against reverse current </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 4m 49s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/protect-against-flyback-voltage-14918148?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Protect against flyback voltage </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 4m 59s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/challenge-circuit-protection?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Challenge: Circuit protection </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 2m 21s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/solution-circuit-protection?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Solution: Circuit protection </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 45s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 3. Special Purpose Diodes <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 3. Special Purpose Diodes <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/light-emitting-diodes-14915547?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--unlocked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5jwhkytplzxiejvhzfu0t7m8l" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--unlocked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Light emitting diodes </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 7m 19s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/photodiodes-14913895?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Photodiodes </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 6m 41s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/zener-diodes-14916247?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Zener diodes </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 8m 23s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="true" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 4. Bipolar Junction Transistors <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="true" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 4. Bipolar Junction Transistors <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list " data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item toc-item--active"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/what-is-a-transistor-14920032?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="true"> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--unlocked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5jwhkytplzxiejvhzfu0t7m8l" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--unlocked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> What is a transistor? </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 9s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/npn-bipolar-junction-transistors-14915550?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> NPN bipolar junction transistors </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 14m 24s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/pnp-bipolar-junction-transistors-14919085?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> PNP bipolar junction transistors </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 7m 37s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/bjt-characteristics-14918139?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> BJT characteristics </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 12m 35s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 5. Transistor Applications <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 5. Transistor Applications <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/use-a-bjt-as-a-switch-14915546?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Use a BJT as a switch </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 9m 52s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/use-a-bjt-as-an-amplifier-14916246?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Use a BJT as an amplifier </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 11m 51s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/challenge-motor-control?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Challenge: Motor control </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 3m 57s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/solution-motor-control?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Solution: Motor control </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 12s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 6. Field-Effect Transistors <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 6. Field-Effect Transistors <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/field-effect-transistors-14914779?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Field-effect transistors </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 11m 47s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/use-a-mosfet-as-a-switch-14918141?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Use a MOSFET as a switch </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 4m 9s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/bjt-vs-mosfet-14914781?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> BJT vs. MOSFET </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 3m 4s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 7. Operational Amplifiers <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 7. Operational Amplifiers <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/what-is-an-operational-amplifier-14920025?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> What is an operational amplifier? </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 7m 42s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/feedback-circuits-14918138?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Feedback circuits </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 6m 28s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/operational-amplifier-characteristics-14914782?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Operational amplifier characteristics </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 8m 50s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 8. Op-Amp Applications <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> 8. Op-Amp Applications <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/compare-signals-14914780?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Compare signals </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 47s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/buffer-signals-14914783?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Buffer signals </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 18s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/supply-dual-voltages-14915553?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Supply dual voltages </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 8m 3s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/amplify-signals-14916245?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Amplify signals </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 7m 49s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/filter-signals-14917123?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Filter signals </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 7m 54s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/combine-signals-14918137?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Combine signals </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 5m 31s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/challenge-audio-equalizer?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Challenge: Audio equalizer </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 4m 9s </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/solution-audio-equalizer?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Solution: Audio equalizer </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 10m 39s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> <li class="toc-section"> <div class="show-more-less"> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__more-button show-more-less-button " aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> Conclusion <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon> </button> <button class="show-more-less__button show-more-less__less-button show-more-less-button show-more-less__button--hide" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_toc-section_show_more"> Conclusion <icon class="show-more-less__button--chevron show-more-less-button-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4chtt12k98xwnba1nimld2oyg"></icon> </button> <ul data-max-num-to-show="0" class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--hide-after-0" data-impression-id="learning-course_toc-section_show-more-less"> <li class="toc-item"> <a data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_tocItem" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/electronics-foundations-semiconductor-devices/continue-your-journey-with-electronics?autoplay=true&trk=learning-course_tocItem" class="toc-item__link" aria-current="false"> <span class="a11y-text">(Locked)</span> <icon class="table-of-contents__item-status table-of-contents__item-status--locked" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cfu0devb5o77ym5x8vv0oilfz" data-svg-class-name="table-of-contents__item-status-svg--locked"></icon> <div class="table-of-contents__item-details"> <div class="table-of-contents__item-title"> Continue your journey with electronics </div> <div class="table-of-contents__item-duration"> 1m 9s </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul>  </div> </li> </ul> </section> </section> </main> <div class="pre-footer "> <section class="core-section-container my-3 price-disclaimer">    <div class="core-section-container__content break-words"> <p class="price-disclaimer__copy"> <sup 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babybear:border-b-1 babybear:border-solid babybear:border-color-border-low-emphasis babybear:last:border-b-0"> <h3 class="text-md font-bold text-color-text leading-open"> Explore Creative Topics </h3> <ul class="my-1"> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/aec?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> AEC </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/animation-and-illustration?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Animation and Illustration </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/audio-and-music?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Audio and Music </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/graphic-design?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Graphic Design </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/learning/topics/motion-graphics-and-vfx?trk=learning-course_browsemap_link" data-js-module-id="link-column-link" data-tracking-control-name="learning-course_browsemap_link" data-tracking-will-navigate> Motion Graphics and VFX </a> </li> <li class="tw-link-column-item"> <a class="link tw-linkster-link" 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