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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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</button> <ul id="toc-Policy_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verifiability:_Include_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verifiability:_Include_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Verifiability: Include citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verifiability:_Include_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Licensing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Licensing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Licensing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Licensing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Attribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Style</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Style-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Style subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jargon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jargon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Jargon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jargon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quotations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quotations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Quotations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quotations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Section_headings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Section_headings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Section headings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Section_headings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Layout_and_ordering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Layout_and_ordering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Layout 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class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Translation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:P%C5%99eklad_z_jinojazy%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_Wikipedie" title="Nápověda:Překlad z jinojazyčné Wikipedie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nápověda:Překlad z jinojazyčné Wikipedie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuda:C%C3%B3mo_traducir_un_art%C3%ADculo" title="Ayuda:Cómo traducir un artículo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ayuda:Cómo traducir un artículo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87" title="راهنما:ترجمه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:ترجمه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Traduction" title="Aide:Traduction – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Traduction" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axuda:Como_traducir_un_artigo" title="Axuda:Como traducir un artigo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Axuda:Como traducir un artigo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Come_tradurre_una_voce" title="Aiuto:Come tradurre una voce – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Come tradurre una voce" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%AA%DA%BE:%D8%AA%D9%8E%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%85%DB%81%D9%95" title="مَدَتھ:تَرجَمہٕ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مَدَتھ:تَرجَمہٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proj%C3%A8cte:Traduccion/*/Ajuda/Traduire_un_article" title="Projècte:Traduccion/*/Ajuda/Traduire un article – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Projècte:Traduccion/*/Ajuda/Traduire un article" data-language-autonym="Occitan" 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href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajutor:Cum_traduc_un_articol" title="Ajutor:Cum traduc un articol – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ajutor:Cum traduc un articol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohje:Artikkelien_k%C3%A4%C3%A4nt%C3%A4minen" title="Ohje:Artikkelien kääntäminen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ohje:Artikkelien kääntäminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juto:Come_tradure_na_pajina" title="Juto:Come tradure na pajina – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Juto:Come tradure na pajina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikimedia Project Page</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid 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.mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This help page is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:HOWTRANS"></span><span id="HELP:HOWTRANS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:HOWTRANS&redirect=no">WP:HOWTRANS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:HOWTRANS&redirect=no">HELP:HOWTRANS</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="box-Merge_to plainlinks ombox ombox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/50px-Merge-arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/75px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/100px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text">It has been suggested that this page be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Translation#Merge_proposal" title="Wikipedia talk:Translation">Discuss</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This is a help page that describes how to copy and translate text from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About#Other_languages" title="Wikipedia:About">Wikipedia foreign language</a> article into English. The text may be for a completely new article (see <a href="/wiki/Help:New_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:New article">Help:New article</a>), or to expand an existing English Wikipedia article. If text is copied over from another Wiki then appropriate attribution must be placed in the edit history of the article (see the guide line <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia#Translating_from_other_language_Wikimedia_projects" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Copying within Wikipedia §Translating from other language Wikimedia projects</a>) </p><p>This help page does not currently cover how to translate from English Wikipedia to a foreign language. For help with that see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translate_us" title="Wikipedia:Translate us">Wikipedia:Translate us</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Policy_requirements" data-mw-thread-id="h-Policy_requirements"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Policy_requirements"></span>Policy requirements<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Policy_requirements"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Policy requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Content" data-mw-thread-id="h-Content-Policy_requirements"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Content-Policy_requirements"></span>Content<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Content-Policy_requirements"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Core_content_policies" title="Wikipedia:Core content policies">Wikipedia:Core content policies</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">WP:Neutral point of view</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">WP:No original research</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_content_guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:List of content guidelines">Wikipedia:List of content guidelines</a></div> <p>All English Wikipedia articles must meet the requirements of the three core content policies <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">no original research</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiability</a>. This is particularly true for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biographies of living people</a>. In addition articles must also comply with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">copyright policy</a>. Articles translated from other languages are expected to meet English Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notability guidelines</a>; simply having an article on another Wikipedia project does not establish notability by itself. </p><p>If portions of an article appear to be low-quality or unverifiable, use your judgment and do not translate those portions. Once you have finished translating, you may ask a <a href="/wiki/Category:Available_proofreaders_in_Wikipedia" title="Category:Available proofreaders in Wikipedia">proofreader</a> to check the translation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verifiability:_Include_citations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Verifiability:_Include_citations-Content"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Verifiability:_Include_citations-Content"></span>Verifiability: Include citations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Verifiability:_Include_citations-Content"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Verifiability: Include citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">WP:Verifiability</a></div> <p>Include the same sources that the original article used, if they are appropriate. For example, if you're not translating some text in the original article because you think it's irrelevant, then omit the related citations, or find other text in the article that they support. (Sources are valuable.) </p><p>Do check to see if an English-language citation is available that is the equivalent of the foreign-language citation (for example an authorized translation), since that's easier for readers to verify. If you do find one, you don't need to include the foreign-language citation. If you use a translated edition of a book, make sure to adjust the page numbers to those in the translation. </p><p>If you translate just the beginning of an article, and the foreign language lead is unsourced because the references supporting it are in the body, you ought to import those body references, inserting them into the translated lead at the appropriate locations to meet <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiability</a> requirements. </p><p>Many foreign language articles do not meet the levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiability</a> that is expected in English Wikipedia articles. If an article has sections with no citations then follow the guidance in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UNSOURCED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UNSOURCED">UNSOURCED</a> and either provide additional inline sources, or add appropriate citation needed templates as described in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UNSOURCED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UNSOURCED">UNSOURCED</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Licensing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Licensing-Policy_requirements"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Licensing-Policy_requirements"></span>Licensing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Licensing-Policy_requirements"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Licensing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Wikipedia:Copyrights</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Attribution" data-mw-thread-id="h-Attribution-Licensing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Attribution-Licensing"></span>Attribution<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Attribution-Licensing"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Attribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia</a></div> <p>A translation is a derivative work. Wikipedia articles are under a <a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">copyleft</a> license that requires attribution to the original source and authors in all derivative works. How to do this is described on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia#Translating_from_other_language_Wikimedia_projects" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Translating from other language Wikimedia projects</a>. </p><p><b>Required</b> – the new, translated article <strong>must</strong> credit the source article: </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>(a) Add a statement to the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> of the target article of your translation providing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TFOLWP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TFOLWP">translation attribution</a> to the authors of the source article, including an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source (translated-from) article. Example: <ul><li><code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:<i>Exact name of French article</i>]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li></ul></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>(See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia</a>, and its section at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RIA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RIA">WP:RIA</a> if you find a translation that failed to provide mandatory copyright attribution.)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><b>Optional</b> – you may also: </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>(b) Place the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template on the target article's talk page, for example: <ul><li><code>{{Translated page|fr|<i>Exact name of the French article</i>}}</code> – the template also takes some additional optional parameters).</li></ul></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><ul><li>(c) Import the revision history of the source into the translated article. If you wish to do so, ask at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_importation" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page importation">Wikipedia:Requests for page importation</a> for the page to either be imported into your userspace or over your translated version of the article.</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Style" data-mw-thread-id="h-Style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Style"></span>Style<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Style"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of style">Wikipedia:Manual of style</a></div> <p>Articles on a given subject in different languages are typically edited independently, and need not correspond closely in form, style or content. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jargon" data-mw-thread-id="h-Jargon-Style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Jargon-Style"></span>Jargon<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Jargon-Style"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jargon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Technical_language" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Technical language</a></div> <p>The English text should be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">understandable to a wide audience</a>, so – other things being equal – use everyday English expressions rather than <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">jargon</a> or foreign expressions. It may be necessary to add material explaining terms or cultural concepts unfamiliar to English-speaking readers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quotations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Quotations-Style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Quotations-Style"></span>Quotations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Quotations-Style"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Quotations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Quotations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Quotations</a></div> <p>Avoid being overly influenced by the style of the original. With the exception of quotations, use normal <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Clarity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">English encyclopedic style</a>, as appropriate for the topic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Section_headings" data-mw-thread-id="h-Section_headings-Style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Section_headings-Style"></span>Section headings<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Section_headings-Style"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Section headings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Section_headings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Section headings</a></div> <p>The acceptable style for section headings may vary between articles in different languages, as may the layout of the appendix sections. </p><p>On English Wikipedia the style of section headings is described in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> (MOS) guideline. For example section headers should normally not start with "A", "An", or "The", and the heading ought to be presented in <a href="/wiki/Sentence_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentence case">sentence case</a> (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Funding of UNESCO projects in developing countries</span>), not title case (<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Funding of UNESCO Projects in Developing Countries</span>)—see the MOS sections: <a href="/wiki/MOS:HEADINGS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:HEADINGS">Section headings</a> and indirectly <a href="/wiki/MOS:AT" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:AT">Article titles</a> for guidance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Layout_and_ordering" data-mw-thread-id="h-Layout_and_ordering-Style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Layout_and_ordering-Style"></span>Layout and ordering<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Layout_and_ordering-Style"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Layout and ordering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Section_organization" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Section organization</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout</a></div> <p>Although the ordering of information in the main body of an article is not described in detail in the MOS—for example whether the family of a subject of a biography is mentioned in passing in the chronological order of the subject's life, or is placed in a separate section, is left to the discretion of the editors. However there is guidance in the MOS on the appendices of an article. These include section header names, the ordering of the sections and content (see the MOS guideline <a href="/wiki/MOS:APPENDIX" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:APPENDIX">Layout § Standard appendices and footers</a>). For example the section "See also", if included, ought to contain a bulleted list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">internal links</a> to related Wikipedia articles and be placed before the notes and references sections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Citation_templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Citation_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Citation_templates"></span>Citation templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Citation_templates"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citation templates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As you translate an article, you may encounter citation templates in the original such as {{<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:lien_web" class="extiw" title="fr:Template:lien web"><i>lien web</i></a>}} in a French article, or {{<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:cita_libro" class="extiw" title="es:Template:cita libro"><i>cita libro</i></a>}} in Spanish which have citation parameters in the source language, for example: </p> <ul><li><code>{{lien web |auteur= |titre= |éditeur= |pages= |url= |...}} </code> – <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:lien_web" class="extiw" title="fr:Template:lien web">French cite web</a> template</li> <li><code>{{cita libro |autor= |título= |editorial= |páginas= |url= |...}} </code> – <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:cita_libro" class="extiw" title="es:Template:cita libro">Spanish cite book</a> template</li></ul> <p>For <a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias#Wikipedia_editions" title="List of Wikipedias">most languages</a>, you will have to manually transate the foreign parameter names into the correct parameter name used by the English citation template. However, a shortcut is available in some cases, where you can just paste the foreign citation template as is into the English article, and it will render correctly. This is handled by the <a href="/wiki/Module:CS1_translator" title="Module:CS1 translator">CS1 translator</a> module, which can translate four of the most popular templates (cite book, cite web, cite journal, cite news) into English for <a href="/wiki/Module:CS1_translator#Supported_templates" title="Module:CS1 translator">fourteen languages</a>: </p> <ul><li>Arabic, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish.</li></ul> <p>If the non-English citation template is supported by a translator (see <a href="/wiki/Module:CS1_translator#Supported_templates" title="Module:CS1 translator">list</a>), all you need to do is copy the citation from the source and paste it into the en-wiki article, preview, fix any errors, and publish. </p><p>In general, the auto-translator will produce a correctly formatted CS1|2 template from the source that will get substituted by AnomieBot. The translations are not perfect so please make sure that the rendered result is correct. In addition, please add the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|language=</code> parameter to the citation template using the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LANGCODE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LANGCODE">Wikipedia language code</a>; e.g. add <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|language=fr</code> for a French source, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|language=de</code> for a German source, and so on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Tools" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tools"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tools"></span>Tools<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tools"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Content_Translation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Content_Translation-Tools"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Content_Translation-Tools"></span>Content Translation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Content_Translation-Tools"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Content Translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm/500px--Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="500" height="281" data-durationhint="256" data-mwtitle="Content_Translation_Screencast_(English).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Content_Translation_Screencast_(English).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=en-ca&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en-CA" label="Canadian English ‪(en-ca)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=eo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eo" label="Esperanto ‪(eo)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית ‪(he)‬" data-dir="rtl"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=ike-latn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ike-Latn" label="inuktitut ‪(ike-latn)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=mk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mk" label="македонски ‪(mk)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=nb&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nb" label="norsk bokmål ‪(nb)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=ro&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ro" label="română ‪(ro)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AContent_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr"/></video></span><figcaption>Screencast showing how to use <a href="/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation" title="Special:ContentTranslation">Content Translation</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation" title="Special:ContentTranslation">Content Translation tool</a> may be used to facilitate the translation process. This tool is currently limited to editors with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">extended confirmed</a> rights (automatically granted to accounts with 30 days tenure and at least 500 edits). Please see more information at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_translation_tool" title="Wikipedia:Content translation tool">Wikipedia:Content translation tool</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automatic_translation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Automatic_translation-Tools"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Automatic_translation-Tools"></span>Automatic translation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Automatic_translation-Tools"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Automatic translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Machine_translation"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"></p><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:MACHINE"></span><span id="WP:MACHINETRANSLATION"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:MACHINE&redirect=no">WP:MACHINE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:MACHINETRANSLATION&redirect=no">WP:MACHINETRANSLATION</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Translation takes work. <a href="/wiki/Machine_translation" title="Machine translation">Machine translation</a> can vary considerably in quality of translation from language to language, and should be used with caution. Machine translation can have difficulty with individual words or expressions for many reasons, including <a href="/wiki/False_friends" class="mw-redirect" title="False friends">false friends</a>, <a href="/wiki/False_cognates" class="mw-redirect" title="False cognates">false cognates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">literal translation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neologisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Neologisms">neologisms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idiomatic_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Idiomatic expression">idiomatic expressions</a> and other unrecognized compounds, <a href="/wiki/Polysemy" title="Polysemy">words with multiple meanings</a>, words with <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">specialized meanings in certain knowledge domains</a> different from a common meaning of a word in a more general context, unwarranted translation of proper names, and other reasons. </p><p>Wikipedia consensus is that <b>an unedited machine translation</b>, left as a Wikipedia article, is worse than nothing. (This is partly because translation templates automatically carry links to machine translations, so readers can easily access machine translations anyway.) </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&oldid=1257578149">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Translation&oldid=1257578149</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Wikipedia how-to</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Miscellany_to_be_merged" title="Category:Miscellany to be merged">Miscellany to be merged</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 17:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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