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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/En_Astruc_de_Lunel" title="En Astruc de Lunel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="En Astruc de Lunel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abba_Mari" title="Abba Mari – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abba Mari" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abba_Mari_ben_Musa_ben_Yusuf" title="Abba Mari ben Musa ben Yusuf – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abba Mari ben Musa ben Yusuf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99" title="אבא מרי הירחי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבא מרי הירחי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="ابا مارى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابا مارى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/En_Astruc_de_Lun%C3%A8l" title="En Astruc de Lunèl – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="En Astruc de Lunèl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Provençal rabbi</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Abba Mari ben Moses ben Joseph <br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אַבָּא מָרִי בַּר מֹשֶׁה הַיַּרְחִי</span>‎</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1250<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Lunel,_H%C3%A9rault" title="Lunel, Hérault">Lunel, France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1306</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7al_Rabbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provençal Rabbi (page does not exist)">Provençal Rabbi</a> and author of <i>Minḥat Ḳenaot</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abba Mari ben Moses ben Joseph</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_rabbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Provençal rabbi">Provençal rabbi</a>, born at <a href="/wiki/Lunel,_H%C3%A9rault" title="Lunel, Hérault">Lunel</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, towards the end of the 13th century. He is also known as <b>Yarhi</b> from his birthplace (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <i>Yerah</i>, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">moon</a>, lune), and he further took the name <b>Astruc</b>, <b>Don Astruc</b> or <b>En Astruc of Lunel</b><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the word "astruc" meaning lucky. </p><p>The descendant of men learned in <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic</a> lore, Abba Mari devoted himself to the study of <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, and made himself acquainted with the writings of <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Moses Maimonides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Nachmanides</a> as well as with the <i><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Montpellier, where he lived from 1303 to 1306, he was much distressed by the prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotelian</a> <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">rationalism</a>, which (in his opinion) through the medium of the works of Maimonides, threatened the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, obedience to the law, and the belief in <a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelation</a>. He therefore, in a series of letters (afterwards collected under the title <i>Minhat Kenaot</i>, i.e., "Offering of Zealotry") called upon the famous rabbi <a href="/wiki/Solomon_ben_Aderet" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon ben Aderet">Solomon ben Aderet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> to come to the aid of orthodoxy. Ben Aderet, with the approval of other prominent Spanish rabbis, sent a letter to the community at Montpellier proposing to forbid the study of philosophy to those who were less than twenty-five years of age, and, in spite of keen opposition from the liberal section, a decree in this sense was issued by Ben Aderet in 1305. The result was a great schism among the <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and a new impulse was given to the study of philosophy by the unauthorized interference of the Spanish rabbis.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon the expulsion of the Jews from France by <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV</a> in 1306, Abba Mari settled at <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a>, where he published the letters connected with the controversy. His subsequent history is unknown. Beside the letters, he was the author of liturgical poetry and works on civil law.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defender_of_Law_and_Tradition">Defender of Law and Tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abba_Mari&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Defender of Law and Tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leader of the opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">rationalism</a> of the Maimonists in the Montpellier controversy of 1303–1306; born at Lunel—hence his name, Yarḥi (from Yeraḥ = Moon = Lune). He was a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Meshullam_ben_Jacob" title="Meshullam ben Jacob">Meshullam ben Jacob</a> of Lunel, one of whose five sons was Joseph, the grandfather of Abba Mari, who, like his son Moses, the father of Abba Mari, was highly respected for both his rabbinical learning and his general erudition. Abba Mari moved to Montpellier, where, to his chagrin, he found the study of rabbinical lore greatly neglected by the young, who devoted all of their time and zeal to <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. The rationalistic method pursued by the new school of Maimonists (including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levi_ben_Abraham_ben_Chayyim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levi ben Abraham ben Chayyim (page does not exist)">Levi ben Abraham ben Chayyim</a> of <a href="/wiki/Villefranche-de-Conflent" title="Villefranche-de-Conflent">Villefranche</a>, near the town of <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Anatolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Anatolio">Jacob Anatolio</a>) especially provoked his indignation; for the sermons preached and the works published by them seemed to resolve the entire <a href="/wiki/Scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripture">Scriptures</a> into <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegory</a> and threatened to undermine the Jewish faith and the observance of the Law and tradition. He was not without some philosophical training. He mentions even with reverence the name of Maimonides, whose work he possessed and studied; but he was more inclined toward the mysticism of Nachmanides. Above all, he was a thorough believer in <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelation</a> and in a <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">divine providence</a>, and was a sincere, law-observing follower of rabbinical Judaism. He would not allow Aristotle, "the searcher after God among the heathen," to be ranked with Moses.<sup id="cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEncyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opponent_of_Rationalism">Opponent of Rationalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abba_Mari&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Opponent of Rationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abba Mari possessed considerable Talmudic knowledge and some poetical talent; but his zeal for the Law made him an agitator and a persecutor of all the advocates of liberal thought. Being himself without sufficient authority, he appealed in a number of letters, afterward published under the title of <i>Minḥat Ḳenaot</i> (<i>Jealousy Offering</i>), to <a href="/wiki/Solomon_ben_Adret" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon ben Adret">Solomon ben Adret</a> of <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, the most influential rabbi of the time, to use his powerful authority to check the source of evil by hurling his <a href="/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">anathema</a> against both the study of philosophy and the allegorical interpretations of the Bible, which did away with all belief in miracles. Ben Adret, while reluctant to interfere in the affairs of other congregations, was in perfect accord with Abba Mari as to the danger of the new rationalistic systems, and advised him to organize the conservative forces in defense of the Law. Abba Mari, through Ben Adret's aid, obtained allies eager to take up his cause, among whom were Don <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonafoux_Vidal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonafoux Vidal (page does not exist)">Bonafoux Vidal</a> of Barcelona and his brother, Don <a href="/wiki/Crescas_Vidal" title="Crescas Vidal">Crescas Vidal</a>, then in Perpignan. The proposition of the latter to prohibit, under penalty of <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunication</a>, the study of philosophy and any of the sciences except <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, by one under thirty years of age, met with the approval of Ben Adret. Accordingly, Ben Adret addressed to the congregation of Montpellier a letter, signed by fifteen other rabbis, proposing to issue a decree pronouncing the anathema against all those who should pursue the study of philosophy and science before due maturity in age and in rabbinical knowledge. On a Sabbath in September, 1304, the letter was to be read before the congregation, when <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Machir_Don_Profiat_Tibbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Machir Don Profiat Tibbon">Jacob Machir Don Profiat Tibbon</a>, the renowned astronomical and mathematical writer, entered his protest against such unlawful interference by the Barcelona rabbis, and a <a href="/wiki/Schism_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schism (religion)">schism</a> ensued. Twenty-eight members signed Abba Mari's letter of approval; the others, under Tibbon's leadership, addressed another letter to Ben Adret, rebuking him and his colleagues for condemning a whole community without knowledge of the local conditions. Finally, the agitation for and against the liberal ideas brought about a schism in the entire Jewish population in southern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEncyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Encouraged, however, by letters signed by the rabbis of <a href="/wiki/Argenti%C3%A8re" title="Argentière">Argentière</a> and Lunel, and particularly by the support of <a href="/wiki/Kalonymus_ben_Todros" title="Kalonymus ben Todros">Kalonymus ben Todros</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Nasi_(Hebrew_title)" title="Nasi (Hebrew title)">nasi</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>, and of the eminent Talmudist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asheri_of_Toledo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asheri of Toledo (page does not exist)">Asheri of Toledo</a>, Ben Adret issued a decree, signed by thirty-three rabbis of Barcelona, excommunicating those who should, within the next fifty years, study <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">metaphysics</a> before their thirtieth year of age (basing his action on the principle laid down by Maimonides, <i>Guide for the Perplexed</i> part one chapter 34), and had the order promulgated in the synagogue on Sabbath, July 26, 1305. When this <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>-decree, to be made effective, was forwarded to other congregations for approval, the friends of liberal thought, under the leadership of the Tibbonites, issued a counter-ban, and the conflict threatened to assume a serious character, as blind party zeal (this time on the liberal side) did not shrink from asking the civil powers to intervene. But an unlooked-for calamity brought the warfare to an end. The expulsion of the Jews from France by <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV</a> ("the Fair"), in, caused the Jews of Montpellier to take refuge, partly in <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, partly in Perpignan and partly in <a href="/wiki/Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Majorca">Majorca</a>. Consequently, Abba Mari removed first to <a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a>, and, within the same year, to Perpignan, where he finally settled and disappeared from public view. There he published his correspondence with Ben Adret and his colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEncyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minchat_Kenaot"><i>Minchat Kenaot</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abba_Mari&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Minchat Kenaot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abba Mari collected the correspondence and added to each letter a few explanatory notes. Of this collection, called <i>Minchat Kenaot</i>, several manuscript copies survive (at <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Günzburg Libr., <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>; <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a> <a href="/wiki/Montefiore_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Montefiore College">Montefiore College</a> Library;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>). Some of these<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are mere fragments. The printed edition (Presburg, 1838), prepared by M. L. Bislichis, contains: (1) Preface; (2) a treatise of eighteen chapters on the <a href="/wiki/Incorporeality" title="Incorporeality">incorporeality</a> of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>; (3) correspondence; (4) a treatise, called <i>Sefer ha-Yarḥi,</i> included also in letter 58; (5) a defense of <i>The Guide</i> and its author by <a href="/wiki/Shem-Tob_Palquera" class="mw-redirect" title="Shem-Tob Palquera">Shem-Tob Palquera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the three cardinal doctrines of Judaism, Abba Mari accentuates: (1) Recognition of God's existence and of His absolute sovereignty, eternity, unity, and incorporeality, as taught in revelation, especially in the <i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a></i>; (2) the world's creation by Him out of nothing, as evidenced particularly by the Sabbath; (3) special <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">Divine providence</a>, as manifested in the Biblical <a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracles</a>. In the preface, Abba Mari explains his object in collecting the correspondence; and in the treatise which follows he shows that the study of philosophy, useful in itself as a help toward the acquisition of the knowledge of God, requires great caution, lest we be misled by the Aristotelian philosophy or its false interpretation, as regards the principles of <i><a href="/wiki/Creatio_ex_nihilo" title="Creatio ex nihilo">creatio ex nihilo</a></i> and divine individual providence. The manuscripts include twelve letters which are not included in the printed edition of <i>Minḥat Ḳenaot.</i><sup id="cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEncyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The correspondence refers mainly to the proposed restriction of the study of the Aristotelian philosophy. Casually, other theological questions are discussed. For example, letters 1, 5, and 8 contain a discussion on the question, whether the use of a piece of metal with the figure of a lion, as a <a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">talisman</a>, is permitted by Jewish law for medicinal purposes, or is prohibited as <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatrous</a>. In letter 131, Abba Mari mourns the death of Ben Adret, and in letter 132 he sends words of sympathy to the congregation of Perpignan, on the death of Don Vidal Shlomo (the <a href="/wiki/Meiri" title="Meiri">Meiri</a>) and Rabbi Meshullam. Letter 33 contains the statement of Abba Mari that two letters which he desired to insert could not be discovered by him. MS. Ramsgate, No. 52, has the same statement, but also the two letters missing in the printed copies. In <i>Sefer haYarchi</i>, Abba Mari refers to the great caution shown by the rabbis of old regarding the teaching of the philosophical mysteries, and recommended by men like the <a href="/wiki/Hai_Gaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai Gaon">Hai Gaon</a>, Maimonides, and <a href="/wiki/David_Kimhi" title="David Kimhi">David Kimhi</a>. A response of Abba Mari on a ritual question is contained in MS. Ramsgate, No. 136; and Zunz<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentions a <i>ḳinah</i> composed by Abba Mari.<sup id="cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEncyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Minchat Kenaot</i> is instructive reading for the historian because it throws much light upon the deeper problems which agitated Judaism, the question of the relation of religion to the philosophy of the age, which neither the zeal of the fanatic nor the bold attitude of the liberal-minded could solve in any fixed dogmatic form or by any anathema, as the independent spirit of the congregations refused to accord to the rabbis the power possessed by the Church of dictating to the people what they should believe or respect. </p><p>At the close of the work are added several eulogies written by Abba Mari on Ben Adret (who died in 1310), and on Don Vidal, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_of_Perpignan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon of Perpignan (page does not exist)">Solomon of Perpignan</a>, and Don <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonet_Crescas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonet Crescas (page does not exist)">Bonet Crescas</a> of Lunel.<sup id="cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishEncyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abba_Mari&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Abba_Mari" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abba Mari">Abba Mari</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abba+Mari&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=9&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbba+Mari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JewishEncyclopedia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewishEncyclopedia_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al., eds. (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=A&artid=152">"Abba Mari ben Moses ben Joseph Don Astruc of Lunel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abba+Mari+ben+Moses+ben+Joseph+Don+Astruc+of+Lunel&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fletter%3DA%26artid%3D152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbba+Mari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neubauer, <i>Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS.,</i> Nos. 2182 and 2221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bibl. Nat. No. 976</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">formerly Halberstam, No. 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford, No. 2221, and Paris, Bibl. Nat.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grätz, <i>Gesch. d. Juden,</i> vii. 173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Literaturgeschichte der Synagogalen Poesie,</i> p. 498</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Barzillai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hachmei_Provence" title="Hachmei Provence">Hachmei Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_David" title="Abraham ben David">Abraham ben David</a> (Raavad)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gersonides" title="Gersonides">Gersonides</a> (Ralbag)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kimhi" title="David Kimhi">David Kimhi</a> (Radak)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abba Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Abba_Mari" title="Isaac ben Abba Mari">Isaac ben Abba Mari</a> (HaIttur)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_Nathan" title="Abraham ben Nathan">Abraham ben Nathan</a> (HaManhig)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_ben_Levi_of_Narbonne" title="David ben Levi of Narbonne">David ben Levi of Narbonne</a> (HaMichtam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_ben_Joseph_ben_Merwan_ha-Levi" title="Moses ben Joseph ben Merwan ha-Levi">Moses ben Joseph</a> (Rambi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_Isaac_of_Narbonne" title="Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne">Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne</a> (Raavad II, HaEshkol)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_ben_Abraham_ben_Hayyim" title="Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim">Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_ha-Darshan" title="Moshe ha-Darshan">Moshe ha-Darshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshullam_ben_Jacob" title="Meshullam ben Jacob">Meshullam ben Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asher_ben_Meshullam" title="Asher ben Meshullam">Asher ben Meshullam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_of_Montpellier" title="Abraham of Montpellier">Abraham of Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caspi" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Caspi">Joseph Caspi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_the_Blind" title="Isaac the Blind">Isaac the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_ibn_Tibbon" title="Samuel ibn Tibbon">Samuel ibn Tibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Merwan_ha-Levi" title="Isaac ben Merwan ha-Levi">Isaac of Narbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_ben_Jacob_ha-Kohen" title="Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen">Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_ben_David_ha-Cohen" title="Jonathan ben David ha-Cohen">Jonathan of Lunel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (except Provence)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Abin_ha-Gadol" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol">Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tosafists" title="List of Tosafists">List of Tosafists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbeinu_Tam" title="Rabbeinu Tam">Rabbeinu Tam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashbam" title="Rashbam">Rashbam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_ben_Meir" title="Solomon ben Meir">Solomon ben Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_ben_Joseph_of_Falaise" title="Samson ben Joseph of Falaise">Samson ben Joseph of Falaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Tov_of_Falaise" title="Yom Tov of Falaise">Yom Tov of Falaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Samuel" title="Eliezer ben Samuel">Eliezer ben Samuel</a> (Yereim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Samuel" title="Isaac ben Samuel">Isaac ben Samuel</a> (Ri HaZaken)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_ben_Jacob_of_Coucy" title="Moses ben Jacob of Coucy">Moses ben Jacob of Coucy</a> (Semag)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Nathan" title="Judah ben Nathan">Judah ben Nathan</a> (Rivan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_ben_Isaac_Bekhor_Shor" title="Joseph ben Isaac Bekhor Shor">Bechor Shor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_Joseph_of_Orleans" title="Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans">Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_of_Paris" title="Elijah of Paris">Elijah of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Yom_Tov" title="Judah ben Yom Tov">Judah ben Yom Tov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_ben_Hananel_HaCohen_(Tosafist)" title="Haim ben Hananel HaCohen (Tosafist)">Haim ben Hananel HaCohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yechiel_of_Paris" title="Yechiel of Paris">Yechiel of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivam" title="Rivam">Rivam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peretz_ben_Elijah" title="Peretz ben Elijah">Peretz ben Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_of_Toul" title="Eliezer of Toul">Eliezer of Toul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Paltiel" title="Chaim Paltiel">Chaim Paltiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Jacob of Orléans">Jacob of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_of_Chinon" title="Samson of Chinon">Samson of Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Chinon" title="Jacob of Chinon">Jacob of Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_of_Touques" title="Eliezer of Touques">Eliezer of Touques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Abraham_of_Dampierre" title="Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre">Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elhanan_ben_Isaac_of_Dampierre" title="Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre">Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Isaac" title="Baruch ben Isaac">Baruch ben Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_ben_Abraham_of_Sens" title="Samson ben Abraham of Sens">Samson ben Abraham of Sens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Eliezer_Halevi" title="Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi">Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_ben_Samuel" title="Meir ben Samuel">Meir ben Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_of_%C3%89vreux" title="Moses of Évreux">Moses of Évreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_%C3%89vreux" title="Samuel of Évreux">Samuel of Évreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_ben_Solomon_of_Falaise" title="Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise">Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Isaac_Messer_Leon" title="Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon">Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_ben_Samuel_Bonfils" title="Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils">Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_ben_Helbo" title="Menahem ben Helbo">Menahem ben Helbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Kara" title="Simeon Kara">Simeon Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemaiah_of_Soissons" title="Shemaiah of Soissons">Shemaiah of Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_ben_Menahem_HaZaken" title="Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken">Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_ben_Samson" title="Ephraim ben Samson">Ephraim ben Samson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meshullam_ben_Kalonymus" title="Meshullam ben Kalonymus">Meshullam ben Kalonymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershom_ben_Judah" title="Gershom ben Judah">Gershom ben Judah</a> (Rabbeinu Gershom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_bar_Isaac" title="Simeon bar Isaac">Simeon bar Isaac</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asher_ben_Jehiel" title="Asher ben Jehiel">Asher ben Jehiel</a> (Rosh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_ben_Asher" title="Jacob ben Asher">Jacob ben Asher</a> (Baal HaTurim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_ben_Hillel" title="Mordechai ben Hillel">Mordechai ben Hillel</a> (Mordechai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_of_Rothenburg" title="Meir of Rothenburg">Meir of Rothenburg</a> (Maharam MeRotenberg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_ben_Moshe_Levi_Moelin" title="Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin">Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin</a> (Maharil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Nathan" title="Eliezer ben Nathan">Eliezer ben Nathan</a> (Ra'aven)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Joel_HaLevi" title="Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi">Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi</a> (Raavyah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_of_Worms" title="Eleazar of Worms">Eleazar of Worms</a> (Rokeach)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_HaKohen" title="Meir HaKohen">Meir HaKohen</a> (Hagahot Maimuniot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Samuel_of_Regensburg" title="Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg">Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg</a> (Yehudah haHasid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_ben_Yakar" title="Yaakov ben Yakar">Yaakov ben Yakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Mordecai_of_Regensburg" title="Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg">Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_ben_Isaac_of_Regensburg" title="Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg">Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_ben_Eliezer" title="Samson ben Eliezer">Samson ben Eliezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Isaac_ha-Gadol" title="Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol">Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Kalonymus" title="Judah ben Kalonymus">Judah ben Kalonymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_HaKohen_ben_Meir" title="Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir">Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_ben_Baruch_Halevi" title="Meir ben Baruch Halevi">Meir ben Baruch Halevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Bruna" title="Israel Bruna">Israel Bruna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_of_Bamberg" title="Israel of Bamberg">Israel of Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_of_Bonn" title="Ephraim of Bonn">Ephraim of Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Asher" title="Judah ben Asher">Judah ben Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_ben_Isaac_ha-Levi" title="Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi">Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_ben_Judah_Landau" title="Jacob ben Judah Landau">Jacob ben Judah Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_ben_Natronai" title="Samuel ben Natronai">Samuel ben Natronai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Suslin" title="Alexander Suslin">Alexander Suslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Weil" title="Jacob Weil">Jacob Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Asher_ha-Levi" title="Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi">Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simha_of_Speyer" title="Simha of Speyer">Simha of Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asir_HaTikvah" title="Isaac Asir HaTikvah">Isaac Asir HaTikvah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_of_Canterbury" title="Aaron of Canterbury">Aaron of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_of_York" title="Aaron of York">Aaron of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_of_London" title="Elias of London">Elias of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Menachem_of_London" title="Eliyahu Menachem of London">Eliyahu Menachem of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagin_Deulacres" title="Hagin Deulacres">Hagin Deulacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_ben_Judah_of_London" title="Jacob ben Judah of London">Jacob ben Judah of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josce_of_London" title="Josce of London">Josce of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_ben_Isaac_ben_ha-Nessiah" title="Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah">Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_of_London" title="Moses of London">Moses of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Tov_of_Joigny" title="Yom Tov of Joigny">Yom Tov of Joigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berechiah_de_Nicole" title="Berechiah de Nicole">Berechiah de Nicole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Isserlein" title="Israel Isserlein">Israel Isserlein</a> (Terumat HaDeshen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Moses_of_Vienna" title="Isaac ben Moses of Vienna">Isaac of Vienna</a> (Or Zarua)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Cohen_of_Vienna" title="Avigdor Cohen of Vienna">Avigdor Cohen of Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Tyrnau" title="Isaac Tyrnau">Isaac Tyrnau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_ben_Jehiel" title="Nathan ben Jehiel">Nathan ben Jehiel</a> (the Aruch)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_di_Trani" title="Isaiah di Trani">Isaiah di Trani</a> (Rid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_di_Trani_the_Younger" title="Isaiah di Trani the Younger">Isaiah di Trani the Younger</a> (Riaz)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_of_Bertinoro" title="Obadiah of Bertinoro">Obadiah of Bertinoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_Recanati" title="Menahem Recanati">Menahem Recanati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedekiah_ben_Abraham_Anaw" title="Zedekiah ben Abraham Anaw">Zedekiah Anaw</a> (Shibbolei HaLeket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_ben_Abraham_Anaw" title="Benjamin ben Abraham Anaw">Benjamin Anaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Benjamin_Anav" title="Judah ben Benjamin Anav">Judah Anav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_ben_Meir_of_Ferrara" title="Moses ben Meir of Ferrara">Moses ben Meir of Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Samuel_of_Verona" title="Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona">Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_ben_Samuel" title="Hillel ben Samuel">Hillel ben Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Colon_Trabotto" title="Joseph Colon Trabotto">Joseph Colon Trabotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Melchizedek" title="Isaac ben Melchizedek">Isaac ben Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_Messer_Leon" title="Judah Messer Leon">Judah Messer Leon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Abarbanel" title="Isaac Abarbanel">Isaac Abarbanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Mizrachi" title="Elijah Mizrachi">Elijah Mizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobiah_ben_Eliezer" title="Tobiah ben Eliezer">Tobiah ben Eliezer</a> (Lekach Tov)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerahiah_the_Greek" title="Zerahiah the Greek">Zerahiah the Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Dorbolo" title="Isaac ben Dorbolo">Isaac ben Dorbolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Samuel_of_Acre" title="Isaac ben Samuel of Acre">Isaac ben Samuel of Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Taku" title="Moses Taku">Moses Taku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Jacob_ha-Lavan" title="Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan">Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_ben_Abraham_I" title="Nathan ben Abraham I">Nathan ben Abraham I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_ben_Eliakim" title="Hillel ben Eliakim">Hillel ben Eliakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_Leon_ben_Moses_Mosconi" title="Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi">Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nethanel_ben_Isaiah" title="Nethanel ben Isaiah">Nethanel ben Isaiah‎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2747857#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2747857#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2747857#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000046997775">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/56968336">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/935152988198312790002">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1803058/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqqvMyQXW3RT3tj84fTHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/173265316">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr91016571">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Aba Mari ben Moše"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola20231181533&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/53hknl7p3vsdl1m">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007307073305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/173265316">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abba_Mari&oldid=1149740598">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abba_Mari&oldid=1149740598</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_births" title="Category:13th-century births">13th-century births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:14th-century_deaths" 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