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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names_in_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Names in history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names_in_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ancient period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_and_early_modern_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_and_early_modern_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Medieval and early modern periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_and_early_modern_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and climate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture and cityscape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_cityscape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and cityscape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jagannath_Temple_at_Puri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jagannath_Temple_at_Puri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Jagannath Temple at Puri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jagannath_Temple_at_Puri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Pancha_Tirtha_of_Puri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Pancha_Tirtha_of_Puri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>The Pancha Tirtha of Puri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Pancha_Tirtha_of_Puri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gundicha_Temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gundicha_Temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Gundicha Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gundicha_Temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swargadwar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swargadwar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.4</span> <span>Swargadwar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swargadwar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.5</span> <span>Beach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-District_museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#District_museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.6</span> <span>District museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raghunandana_library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raghunandana_library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.7</span> <span>Raghunandana library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raghunandana_library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals_of_Puri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals_of_Puri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Festivals of Puri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals_of_Puri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ratha_Yatra_at_Puri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratha_Yatra_at_Puri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Ratha Yatra at Puri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratha_Yatra_at_Puri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chhera_Panhara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chhera_Panhara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Chhera Panhara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chhera_Panhara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chandan_Yatra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chandan_Yatra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Chandan Yatra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chandan_Yatra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snana_Yatra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snana_Yatra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.4</span> <span>Snana Yatra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snana_Yatra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anavasara_or_Anasara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anavasara_or_Anasara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.5</span> <span>Anavasara or Anasara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anavasara_or_Anasara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naba_Kalebara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naba_Kalebara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.6</span> <span>Naba Kalebara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naba_Kalebara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suna_Besha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suna_Besha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.7</span> <span>Suna Besha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suna_Besha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niladri_Bije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niladri_Bije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.8</span> <span>Niladri Bije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niladri_Bije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sahi_yatra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sahi_yatra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.9</span> <span>Sahi yatra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sahi_yatra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samudra_Arati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samudra_Arati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.10</span> <span>Samudra Arati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samudra_Arati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_crafts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_crafts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Arts and crafts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_crafts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sand_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sand_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Sand art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sand_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appliqué_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appliqué_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>Appliqué art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appliqué_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pattachitra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pattachitra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span> <span>Pattachitra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pattachitra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Cultural activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Train</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Colleges and Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Puri</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="بوري (الهند) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوري (الهند)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" title="পুৰী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পুৰী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" title="পুরী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পুরী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri_(si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF)" title="Puri (siâⁿ) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Puri (siâⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Пуры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пуры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="पुरी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पुरी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri_(lungsod)" title="Puri (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Puri (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pur%C3%AD" title="Purí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Purí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri_(Indien)" title="Puri (Indien) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Puri (Indien)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri_(Odi%C5%9Do)" title="Puri (Odiŝo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Puri (Odiŝo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="پوری (شهر) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوری (شهر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pur%C3%AE" title="Purî – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Purî" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80" title="જગન્નાથપુરી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જગન્નાથપુરી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="푸리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="푸리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="पुरी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="পুরি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পুরি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri,_Orissa" title="Puri, Orissa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Puri, Orissa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="פורי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪುರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪುರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri,_Orissa" title="Puri, Orissa – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Puri, Orissa" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98)" title="პური (ქალაქი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პური (ქალაქი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puris" title="Puris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Puris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="पुरी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पुरी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="പുരി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പുരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE)" title="पुरी (ओडिशा) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पुरी (ओडिशा)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="مدينه بورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه بورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri_(stad)" title="Puri (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Puri (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="पुरी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पुरी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="プリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80" title="ପୁରୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୁରୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਪੁਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੁਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri_(%C3%8Dndia)" title="Puri (Índia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Puri (Índia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Пури (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пури (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="जगन्नाथपुरी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जगन्नाथपुरी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱩᱨᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱩᱨᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пури – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пури" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="புரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пури – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пури" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_(%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE)" title="పూరి (ఒరిస్సా) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పూరి (ఒరిస్సా)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="ปุรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปุรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D1%96" title="Пурі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пурі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پوری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پوری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri" title="Puri – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Puri" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C" title="普里 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="普里" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C" title="普里 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="普里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q207799#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Puri" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&oldid=1258560129" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Puri&id=1258560129&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPuri"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPuri"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Puri&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Puri" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Puri" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q207799" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Puri&params=19_48_38_N_85_49_53_E_type:city(200564)_region:IN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°48′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">85°49′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.81056°N 85.83139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.81056; 85.83139</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Odisha, India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Odisha, India. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Puri_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Puri (disambiguation)">Puri (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Odisha, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Puri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puri_Montage1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Montage of Puri City"><img alt="Montage of Puri City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Puri_Montage1.png/250px-Puri_Montage1.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Puri_Montage1.png/375px-Puri_Montage1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Puri_Montage1.png/500px-Puri_Montage1.png 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="2150" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Montage of Puri City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Spiritual City, Sri Jagannath Dham</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Odisha_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Puri is located in Odisha"><img alt="Puri is located in Odisha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/India_Odisha_location_map.svg/250px-India_Odisha_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/India_Odisha_location_map.svg/375px-India_Odisha_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/India_Odisha_location_map.svg/500px-India_Odisha_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="860" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.399%;left:70.698%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Puri"><img alt="Puri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Puri</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Odisha</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Puri is located in India"><img alt="Puri is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/250px-India_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/375px-India_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/500px-India_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.429%;left:58.848%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Puri"><img alt="Puri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Puri</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of India</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Puri is located in Asia"><img alt="Puri is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.043%;left:41.77%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Puri"><img alt="Puri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Puri</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Puri&params=19_48_38_N_85_49_53_E_type:city(200564)_region:IN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°48′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">85°49′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.81056°N 85.83139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.81056; 85.83139</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/23px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/35px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/45px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Puri_district" title="Puri district">Puri</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Jagannath Temple</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nagar_Palika" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagar Palika">Municipality</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><b>Puri Municipality</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/District_Collector" class="mw-redirect" title="District Collector">Collector & District Magistrate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sidhartha Shankar Swain, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a><sup id="cite_ref-Whos_Who_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whos_Who-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Police_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superintendent of Police (India)">Superintendent of Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pinak Mishra, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">IPS</a><sup id="cite_ref-Whos_Who_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whos_Who-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Puri_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puri (Lok Sabha constituency)">Member of Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sambit_Patra" title="Sambit Patra">Sambit Patra</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Puri_(Odisha_Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puri (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Member of Legislative Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sunil Kumar Mohanty, (<a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">BJD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">16.84 km<sup>2</sup> (6.50 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.1 m (0.3 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">200,564</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">India 228th</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Odisha_by_population" title="List of cities in Odisha by population">Odisha 5th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">12,000/km<sup>2</sup> (31,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">752001</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone code</th><td class="infobox-data">06752,06758 (06758 for Nimapara & 06752 for Puri)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">OD-13</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://puri.nic.in">puri<wbr />.nic<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:272px"><div style="position:relative;width:270px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Puri is located in India"><img alt="Puri is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/270px-India_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/405px-India_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/540px-India_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.831%;left:39%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Badrinath"><img alt="Badrinath" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.985%;left:6.156%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dwarka"><img alt="Dwarka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.431%;left:58.844%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jagannath Puri"><img alt="Jagannath Puri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Puri" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannath Puri">Jagannath Puri</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:86.831%;left:38.437%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rameswaram"><img alt="Rameswaram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map.svg" title="File:India location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div><b>Char Dham</b></div></div></div> <p><b>Puri</b>, also known as, <b>Jagannath Puri</b>, (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Odia:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="or-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">[ˈpuɾi]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5f\/Puri.ogg\/Puri.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Puri.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Puri.ogg/Puri.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Puri.ogg" title="File:Puri.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">coastal</a> city and a <a href="/wiki/Nagar_Palika" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagar Palika">municipality</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a> in eastern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. It is the district headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Puri_district" title="Puri district">Puri district</a> and is situated on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>, 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of the state capital of <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a>. It is home to the 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple_(Puri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannath Temple (Puri)">Jagannath Temple</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of the original <a href="/wiki/Char_Dham" title="Char Dham">Char Dham</a> pilgrimage sites for <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>. </p><p>Puri has been known by several names since ancient times, and was locally known as "Sri Kshetra" and the <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Jagannath temple</a> is known as "Badadeula". Puri and the Jagannath Temple were invaded 18 times by Muslim rulers, from the 7th century AD until the early 19th century with the objective of looting the treasures of the temple. Odisha, including Puri and its temple, were part of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> from 1803 until India attained independence in August 1947. Even though <a href="/wiki/Princely_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely states">princely states</a> do not exist in India today, the heirs of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gajapati" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Gajapati">House of Gajapati</a> still perform the ritual duties of the temple. The temple town has many Hindu religious <a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha"><i>matha</i>s</a> or monasteries. </p><p>The economy of Puri is dependent on the religious importance of the <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Jagannath Temple</a> to the extent of nearly 80 percent. The 24 festivals, including 13 major ones, held every year in the temple complex contribute to the economy; <a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">Ratha Yatra</a> and its related festivals are the most important which are attended by millions of people every year. <a href="/wiki/Sand_art_and_play" title="Sand art and play">Sand art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Applique" class="mw-redirect" title="Applique">applique</a> art are some of the important crafts of the city. </p><p>Puri has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for <a href="/wiki/Heritage_City_Development_and_Augmentation_Yojana" title="Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana">Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana</a> (HRIDAY) scheme of Government of India. </p><p>Puri is a significant part of the "Krishna pilgrimage circuit" which also includes <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vrindavan" title="Vrindavan">Vrindavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barsana" title="Barsana">Barsana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gokul" title="Gokul">Gokul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Govardhan" title="Govardhan">Govardhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra" title="Kurukshetra">Kurukshetra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Puri" title="Timeline of Puri">Timeline of Puri</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Names_in_history">Names in history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Names in history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Puri, the holy land of <a href="/wiki/Jagannatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannatha">Jagannatha</a>, also known by the popular vernacular name Srikshetram, has many ancient names in the Hindu scriptures such as the <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matsya_purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsya purana">Matsya purana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Purana" title="Brahma Purana">Brahma Purana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narada_Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Narada Purana">Narada Purana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapila_Purana" title="Kapila Purana">Kapila Purana</a> and Niladrimahodaya. In the Rigveda, in particular, it is mentioned as a place called Purushamandama-grama meaning the place where the Creator deity of the world – Supreme Divinity deified on an altar or <a href="/wiki/Mandapa" title="Mandapa">mandapa</a> was venerated near the coast and prayers offered with <a href="/wiki/Vedic_hymns" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic hymns">Vedic hymns</a>. Over time the name got changed to Purushottama Puri and further shortened to Puri, and the Purusha came to be known as Jagannatha. Sages like <a href="/wiki/Bhrigu" title="Bhrigu">Bhrigu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Markandeya" title="Markandeya">Markandeya</a> had their hermitage close to this place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxix_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxix-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its name is mentioned, conforming to the deity worshipped, as <a href="/wiki/Srikshetra" class="mw-redirect" title="Srikshetra">Srikshetra</a>, Purusottama Dhāma, <a href="/wiki/Purusottama_Kshetra" class="mw-redirect" title="Purusottama Kshetra">Purusottama Kshetra</a>, Purusottama Puri and <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Puri" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannath Puri">Jagannath Puri</a>. Puri, however, is the popular usage. It is also known by the geographical features of its location as <a href="/wiki/Shankhakshetra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shankhakshetra">Shankhakshetra</a> (the layout of the town is in the form of a conch shell),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxx_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxx-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neelāchala ("Blue mountain" a terminology used to name a very large sand lagoon over which the temple was built but this name is not in vogue), Neelāchalakshetra, <a href="/wiki/Neel%C4%81dri" class="mw-redirect" title="Neelādri">Neelādri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit Language">Sanskrit</a>, the word "Puri" means town or city,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is cognate with <i>polis</i> in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnanda201511_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnanda201511-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another ancient name is Charita as identified by General <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cunningham" title="Alexander Cunningham">Alexander Cunningham</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Survey_of_India" title="Archaeological Survey of India">Archaeological Survey of India</a>, which was later spelled as Che-li-ta-lo by Chinese traveller <a href="/wiki/Hiuen_Tsang" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiuen Tsang">Hiuen Tsang</a>. When the present temple was built by the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga</a> king <a href="/wiki/Anantavarman_Chodaganga" title="Anantavarman Chodaganga">Anantavarman Chodaganga</a> in the 11th and 12th centuries AD, it was called Purushottamkshetra. However, the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Moghuls</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marathas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathas">Marathas</a> and early <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rulers</a> called it Purushottama-chhatar or just Chhatar. In Moghul ruler <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ain-i-Akbari" title="Ain-i-Akbari">Ain-i-Akbari</a> and subsequent Muslim historical records it was known as Purushottama. In the Sanskrit drama <i>Anargha Raghava Nataka</i> as well, authored by Murari Mishra, a playwright, in the 8th century AD, it is referred to as Purushottama.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxx_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxx-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was only after the 12th century AD that Puri came to be known by the shortened form of Jagannatha Puri, named after the deity or in a short form as Puri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxi_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the only shrine in India, where <a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhudevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhudevi">Bhudevi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sati_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sati (goddess)">Sati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a>, abodes with <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>, who is also known by the name <a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannatha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jagannathyatra_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jagannathyatra-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_period">Ancient period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Watercolour_painting_on_paper_of_Indradyumna_seated_in_a_carriage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Watercolour_painting_on_paper_of_Indradyumna_seated_in_a_carriage.jpg/220px-Watercolour_painting_on_paper_of_Indradyumna_seated_in_a_carriage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Watercolour_painting_on_paper_of_Indradyumna_seated_in_a_carriage.jpg/330px-Watercolour_painting_on_paper_of_Indradyumna_seated_in_a_carriage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Watercolour_painting_on_paper_of_Indradyumna_seated_in_a_carriage.jpg/440px-Watercolour_painting_on_paper_of_Indradyumna_seated_in_a_carriage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6300" data-file-height="5299" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Indradyumna" title="Indradyumna">Indradyumna</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ujjayani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjayani">Ujjayani</a> credited with building the original Puri Jagannath temple in 318 AD</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the chronicle <a href="/wiki/Madala_Panji" title="Madala Panji">Madala Panji</a>, in 318 AD, the priests and servitors of the temple spirited away the idols to escape the wrath of the <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty">Rashtrakuta</a> king <a href="/wiki/Govinda_III" title="Govinda III">Rakatavahu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti20147_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti20147-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the temple's historical records it finds mention in the Brahma Purana and Skanda Purana stating that the temple was built by the king <a href="/wiki/Indradyumna" title="Indradyumna">Indradyumna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ujjayani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjayani">Ujjayani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>S. N. Sadasivan, a historian, in his book <i>A Social History of India</i> quotes William Joseph Wilkins, author of the book <i>Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Purānic</i> as stating that in Puri, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> was once a well established practice but later <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> faded and <a href="/wiki/Brahmanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmanism">Brahmanism</a> became the order of the religious practice in the town; the <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> deity is now worshipped by the Hindus as Jagannatha. It is also said by Wilkinson that some relics of Buddha were placed inside the idol of Jagannatha which the Brahmins claimed were the bones of Krishna. Even during <a href="/wiki/Maurya_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurya dynasty">Maurya</a> king <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>'s reign in 240 BC, <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical kingdom)">Kalinga</a> was a Buddhist center and that a tribe known as Lohabahu (barbarians from outside Odisha) converted to Buddhism and built a temple with a statue of Buddha which is now worshipped as Jagannatha. Wilkinson also says that the Lohabahu deposited some Buddha relics in the precincts of the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadasivan2000211_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadasivan2000211-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction of the present Jagannath Temple started in 1136 AD and completed towards the latter part of the 12th century. The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga</a> king <a href="/wiki/Anangabhima_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Anangabhima III">Anangabhima III</a> dedicated his kingdom to Jagannatha, then known as the Purushottama-Jagannatha, and resolved that from then on he and his descendants would rule under "divine order as Jagannatha's sons and vassals". Even though <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a> do not exist in India today, the heirs of the <a href="/wiki/Puri_Estate" title="Puri Estate">Puri Estate</a> still perform the ritual duties of the temple; the king formally sweeps the road in front of the chariots before the start of the <a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">Ratha Yatra</a>. This ritual is called Cherra Pahanra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994699_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994699-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_and_early_modern_periods">Medieval and early modern periods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval and early modern periods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of Puri is on the same lines as that of the Jagannath Temple, which was invaded 18 times during its history to plunder the treasures of the temple, rather than for religious reasons. The first invasion occurred in the 8th century AD by Rastrakuta king <a href="/wiki/Govinda_III" title="Govinda III">Govinda III</a> (798–814 AD), and the last took place in 1881 AD by the <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> followers of <i>Alekh</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mahima_Dharma" title="Mahima Dharma">Mahima Dharma</a>) who did not recognise the worship of Jagannatha.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201182_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201182-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1205 AD onward <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994699_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994699-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there were many invasions of the city and its temple by Muslims of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghan</a> and Moghul descent, known as <a href="/wiki/Yavanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavanas">Yavanas</a> or foreigners. In most of these invasions the idols were taken to safe places by the priests and the servitors of the temple. Destruction of the temple was prevented by timely resistance or surrender by the kings of the region. However, the treasures of the temple were repeatedly looted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xliii7_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xliii7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The table lists all the 18 invasions along with the status of the three images of the temple, the triad of Jagannatha, Balabhadra and Subhadra following each invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201182_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201182-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Invasion number</th> <th>Invader (s), year (s) AD</th> <th>Local rulers</th> <th>Status of the three images of the Jagannath temple </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Raktabahu or <a href="/wiki/Govinda_III" title="Govinda III">Govinda III</a> (798–814) of the <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta Empire">Rashtrakuta Empire</a></td> <td>King Subhanadeva of <a href="/wiki/Bhauma-Kara_dynasty" title="Bhauma-Kara dynasty">Bhaumakara</a> dynasty</td> <td>Idols shifted to Gopali near <a href="/wiki/Sonepur,_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonepur, Odisha">Sonepur</a>. Were brought back to Puri by Yayati I after 146 years and re-consecrated after performing Nabakalebara.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201182–83_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201182–83-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Illias Shah, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Bengal">Sultan of Bengal</a>, 1340</td> <td>Narasinghadeva III</td> <td>Images shifted to a secret location.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201183_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201183-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feroz_Shah_Tughlaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Feroz Shah Tughlaq">Feroz Shah Tughlaq</a>, 1360</td> <td>Ganga King Bhanudeva III</td> <td>Images not found, though rumored that they were thrown into the Bay of Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201183_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201183-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Ismail Ghazi commander of <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Hussain_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Alauddin Hussain Shah">Alauddin Hussain Shah</a> of Bengal, 1509</td> <td>King Prataprudradeva</td> <td>Images shifted to Chandhei Guha Pahada near Chilika Lake.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201183_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201183-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Kalapahara, army assistant general of <a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Khan_Karrani" title="Sulaiman Khan Karrani">Sulaiman Karrani</a> of the Afghan Sultan of Bengal, 1568</td> <td>Mukundadeva Harichandan</td> <td>Images initially hidden in an island in Chilika Lake. However, the invader took the idols from here to the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Ganges_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges River">Ganges River</a> and burnt them. Bisher Mohanty, a Vaishnavite saint, who had followed the invading army, retrieved the <i>Brahmas</i> and hid it in a drum at Khurdagada in 1575 AD and finally re-installed it in the deities. Deities were brought back to Puri and consecrated in the Jagannath Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201184_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201184-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Suleman, the son of Kuthu Khan and Osman, the son of Isha (ruler of Orissa), 1592 </td> <td>Ramachandradeva, the Bhoi dynasty ruler of Khurda</td> <td>Revolt was by local Muslim rulers who desecrated the images.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201185_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201185-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Mirza Khurum, the commander of <a href="/wiki/Islam_Khan_I" title="Islam Khan I">Islam Khan I</a>, the Nawab of Bengal, 1601 </td> <td>Purushottamadeva of Bhoi Dynasty</td> <td>Image moved to Kapileswarpur village by boat through the river Bhargavi and kept in the Panchamukhi Gosani temple. Thereafter, the deities were kept in Dobandha—Pentha.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201185_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201185-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Hasim Khan, the Subedar of Orissa, 1608</td> <td>Purushottam Deva, the King of Khurda </td> <td>Images shifted to the Gopal temple at Khurda and brought back in 1608.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201185_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201185-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>Kesodasmaru, 1610</td> <td>Purusottamdeva, the king of Khurda</td> <td>Images kept at the Gundicha Temple and brought back to Puri after eight months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201185_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201185-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Kalyan Malla, 1611</td> <td>Purushottamadeva, the King of Khurda</td> <td>Images moved to 'Mahisanasi' also known as'Brahmapura' or 'Chakanasi' in the Chilika Lake where they remained for one year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201186–87_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201186–87-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Kalyan Malla, 1612</td> <td>Paiks of Purushottamadeva, the King of Khurda</td> <td>Images placed on a fleet of boats at Gurubai Gada and hidden under the 'Lotani Baragachha' or <a href="/wiki/Banyan" title="Banyan">Banyan</a> tree) and then at 'Dadhibaman Temple'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201187_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201187-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Mukarram Khan, 1617</td> <td>Purushottama Deva, the King of Khurda</td> <td>Images moved to the Bankanidhi temple, Gobapadar and brought back to Puri in 1620.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201187_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201187-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>Mirza Ahmad Beg, 1621</td> <td>Narasingha Deva</td> <td>Images shifted to 'Andharigada' in the mouth of the river Shalia across the Chilika Lake. Moved back to Puri in 1624.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201187–88_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201187–88-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>Amir Mutaquad Khan alias Mirza Makki, 1645</td> <td>Narasingha Deva and Gangadhar</td> <td>Not known.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201188_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201188-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>Amir Fateh Khan, 1647</td> <td>Not known</td> <td>Not known<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201188_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201188-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>Ekram Khan and Mastram Khan on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Aurangzeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Aurangzeb">Emperor Aurangzeb</a>, 1692</td> <td>Divyasingha Deva, the king of Khurda</td> <td>Images moved to 'Maa Bhagabati Temple' and then to Bada Hantuada in Banpur across the Chilika Lake, and finally brought back to Puri in 1699.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201188_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201188-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Khan" title="Muhammad Taqi Khan">Muhammad Taqi Khan</a>, 1731 and 1733</td> <td>Birakishore Deva and Birakishore Deva of Athagada</td> <td>Images moved to Hariswar in Banpur, Chikili in Khalikote, Rumagarh in Kodala, Athagada in Ganjam and lastly to Marda in Kodala. Shifted back to Puri after 2.5 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201188_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201188-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>Followers of <a href="/wiki/Mahima_Dharma" title="Mahima Dharma">Mahima Dharma</a>, 1881</td> <td>Birakishore Deva and Birakishore Deva of Athagada</td> <td>Images burnt in the streets. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201189_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201189-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Puri is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Govardhana_matha" class="mw-redirect" title="Govardhana matha">Govardhana Matha</a>, one of the four cardinal institutions established by <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankaracharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Shankaracharya">Adi Shankaracharya</a>, when he visited Puri in 810 AD, and since then it has become an important <i>dham</i> (divine centre) for the Hindus; the others being those at <a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jyotirmath" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotirmath">Jyotirmath</a>. The <i>Matha</i> (monastery of various Hindu sects) is headed by <a href="/wiki/Shankaracharya" title="Shankaracharya">Jagatguru Shankarachrya</a>. It is a local belief about these dhams that Vishnu takes his dinner at Puri, has his bath at <a href="/wiki/Rameshwaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Rameshwaram">Rameshwaram</a>, spends the night at Dwarka and does penance at <a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxii_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxii-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 16th century, <a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a> movements of India, now known by the name the <a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Hare Krishna movement">Hare Krishna movement</a>. He spent many years as a devotee of Jagannatha at Puri; he is said to have merged with the deity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a <i>matha</i> of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu here known as <a href="/wiki/Radhakanta_Math" title="Radhakanta Math">Radhakanta Math</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 17th century, for the sailors sailing on the east coast of India, the temple served as a landmark, being located in a plaza in the centre of the city, which they called the "White Pagoda" while the <a href="/wiki/Konark_Sun_Temple" title="Konark Sun Temple">Konark Sun Temple</a>, 60 kilometres (37 mi) away to the east of Puri, was known as the "Black Pagoda".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The iconic representation of the images in the Jagannath temple is believed to be the forms derived from the worship made by the tribal groups of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabaras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabaras (page does not exist)">Sabaras</a> belonging to northern Odisha. These images are replaced at regular intervals as the wood deteriorates. This replacement is a special event carried out ritualistically by special group of carpenters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goverdhana_matha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Goverdhana_matha.jpg/220px-Goverdhana_matha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Goverdhana_matha.jpg/330px-Goverdhana_matha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Goverdhana_matha.jpg/440px-Goverdhana_matha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Govardhana_matha" class="mw-redirect" title="Govardhana matha">Govardhana matha</a> main gate</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has many other <i>Mathas</i> as well. The <a href="/wiki/Emar_Matha" title="Emar Matha">Emar Matha</a> was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil</a> <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnava</a> saint <a href="/wiki/Ramanujacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanujacharya">Ramanujacharya</a> in the 12th century AD. This Matha, which is now located in front of Simhadvara across the eastern corner of the Jagannath Temple, is reported to have been built in the 16th century during the reign of kings of <a href="/wiki/Gajapati_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajapati Kingdom">Suryavamsi Gajapatis</a>. The Matha was in the news on 25 February 2011 for the large cache of 522 silver slabs unearthed from a closed chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British conquered Orissa in 1803, and, recognizing the importance of the Jagannath Temple in the life of the people of the state, they initially appointed an official to look after the temple's affairs and later declared the temple as part of a district.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994699_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994699-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagat_Guru_Sankaracharya_Nischalananda_Saraswati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Jagat_Guru_Sankaracharya_Nischalananda_Saraswati.jpg/220px-Jagat_Guru_Sankaracharya_Nischalananda_Saraswati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Jagat_Guru_Sankaracharya_Nischalananda_Saraswati.jpg/330px-Jagat_Guru_Sankaracharya_Nischalananda_Saraswati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Jagat_Guru_Sankaracharya_Nischalananda_Saraswati.jpg/440px-Jagat_Guru_Sankaracharya_Nischalananda_Saraswati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>H.H Jagadguru Swami Nischalananda Saraswati, The Shankaracharya of Puri</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1906, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Yukteswar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Yukteswar">Sri Yukteswar</a>, an exponent of <a href="/wiki/Kriya_Yoga_school" title="Kriya Yoga school">Kriya Yoga</a> and a resident of Puri, established an <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashram</a>, a spiritual training center, named "Karar Ashram"<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Puri. He died on 9 March 1936 and his body is buried in the garden of the ashram.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2006248_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesRyan2006248-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1997265_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1997265-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is the site of the former summer residence of British Raj, the <a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan_(Puri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Bhavan (Puri)">Raj Bhavan</a>, built in 1913–14 during the era of governors.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the people of Puri, <a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannatha</a>, visualized as <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>, is synonymous with their city. They believe that Jagannatha looks after the welfare of the state. However, after the partial collapse of the Jagannath Temple (in the <a href="/wiki/Amalaka" title="Amalaka">Amalaka</a> part of the temple) on 14 June 1990, people became apprehensive and considered it a bad omen for Odisha. The replacement of the fallen stone by another of the same size and weight (7 tonnes (7.7 tons)), that could be done only in the early morning hours after the temple gates were opened, was done on 28 February 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Puri has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for the <a href="/wiki/Heritage_City_Development_and_Augmentation_Yojana" title="Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana">Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana</a> scheme of the Indian Government. It is chosen as one of the 12 <a href="/wiki/Heritage_City_Development_and_Augmentation_Yojana" title="Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana">heritage cities</a> with "focus on holistic development" to be implemented within 27 months by the end of March 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Non-Hindus are not permitted to enter the shrines but are allowed to view the temple and the proceedings from the roof of the Raghunandan library, located within the precincts of the temple, for a small donation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBindlossBrownElliott2007253_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBindlossBrownElliott2007253-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography">Geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atharanala,_Puri.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atharanala%2C_Puri.JPG/220px-Atharanala%2C_Puri.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atharanala%2C_Puri.JPG/330px-Atharanala%2C_Puri.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atharanala%2C_Puri.JPG/440px-Atharanala%2C_Puri.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Atharanala" title="Atharanala">Atharanala</a> Bridge dating back to the 16th century at the entrance of Puri</figcaption></figure> <p>Puri, located on the east coast of India on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>, is in the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Puri_district" title="Puri district">Puri district</a>. It is delimited by the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, the Mauza Sipaurubilla on the west, <a href="/wiki/Gopinathpur,_Baleshwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gopinathpur, Baleshwar">Mauza Gopinathpur</a> in the north and Mauza Balukhand in the east. It is within the 67 kilometres (42 mi) coastal stretch of sandy beaches that extends between <a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a> and the south of Puri city. However, the administrative jurisdiction of the Puri Municipality extends over an area of 16.3268 square kilometres (6.3038 sq mi) spread over 30 wards, which includes a shore line of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20061–2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20061–2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Puri is in the coastal delta of the <a href="/wiki/Mahanadi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanadi River">Mahanadi River</a> on the shores of the Bay of Bengal. In the ancient days it was near to <a href="/wiki/Sisupalgarh" title="Sisupalgarh">Sisupalgarh</a> (also known as "Ashokan Tosali"). Then the land was drained by a <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bhargavi_River" title="Bhargavi River">Bhargavi River</a>, a branch of the Mahanadi River. This branch underwent a meandering course creating many arteries altering the <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a>, and formed many sand hills. These sand hills could be cut through by the streams. Because of the sand hills, the Bhargavi River, flowing to the south of Puri, moved away towards the <a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a>. This shift also resulted in the creation of two <a href="/wiki/Lagoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagoons">lagoons</a>, known as Sar and Samang, on the eastern and northern parts of Puri respectively. Sar lagoon has a length of 5 miles (8.0 km) in an east–west direction and a width of 2 miles (3.2 km) in north–south direction. The estuary of the Bhargavi River has a shallow depth of just 5 feet (1.5 m) and the process of siltation continues. According to a 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Sarala_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarala Das">Saraladasa</a>, the bed of the unnamed stream that flowed at the base of the Blue Mountain or <i>Neelachal</i> was filled up. <i>Katakarajavamsa</i>, a 16th-century chronicle (c.1600), attributes filling up of the bed of the river which flowed through the present Grand Road, as done during the reign of King Narasimha II (1278–1308) of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarza19931_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarza19931-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen–Geiger climate classification system</a> the climate of Puri is classified as <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">Aw</a> (Tropical savanna climate). The city has moderate and tropical climate. Humidity is fairly high throughout the year. The temperature during summer touches a maximum of 36 °C (97 °F) and during winter it is 17 °C (63 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,337 millimetres (52.6 in) and the average annual temperature is 26.9 °C (80.4 °F). The weather data is given in the following table.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxiiii_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxiiii-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMDnormals_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMDextremes_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Puri (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.1<br />(106.0) </td> <td style="background: #F50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.2<br />(108.0) </td> <td style="background: #D90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.2<br />(111.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(102.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #D90000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.2<br />(111.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(0.60) </td> <td style="background: #DDFFDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(0.81) </td> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(0.82) </td> <td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(0.98) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.7<br />(2.70) </td> <td style="background: #00EB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.1<br />(7.01) </td> <td style="background: #004D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">290.5<br />(11.44) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">361.0<br />(14.21) </td> <td style="background: #006B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">261.4<br />(10.29) </td> <td style="background: #03FF03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.9<br />(6.65) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.9<br />(2.59) </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(0.42) </td> <td style="background: #42FF42; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,486.8<br />(58.54) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</span> </th> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><sup id="cite_ref-IMDnormals_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMDextremes_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Odisha">List of cities in Odisha</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 11367.917004023px; border-left-color:black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:black"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3059.5828195691px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 732.29898200169px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religious Demographic in Puri Municipality (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2011_Religion_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2011_Religion-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (97.84%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity </a> (1.64%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;"> </span> Others (0.38%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 Census of India</a>, Puri is an <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a> governed by the Municipal Corporation in Odisha state, with a population of 200,564,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comprising 104,086 males, 96,478 females, and 18,471 children (under six years of age). The sex ratio is 927. The average literacy rate in the city is 88.03 percent (91.38 percent for males and 84.43 percent for females). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The overwhelming majority of the people in the city (98%) are <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, with a small Christian population.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2011_Religion_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2011_Religion-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 12242.415657572px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2840.8795971401px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1125.8038181953px; border-left-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 423.55805313489px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 63.285796410746px; border-left-color:saddlebrown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:saddlebrown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:saddlebrown"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages spoken in Puri Municipality (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:saddlebrown; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> (83.98%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> (12.33%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:pink; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> (2.28%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a> (0.85%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a> (0.43%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;"> </span> Others (0.13%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Majority of the people speaks <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, followed by a large minority of <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> speakers, with substantial number of <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2011_Languages_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2011_Languages-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Puri Municipality, Puri Konark Development Authority, Public Health Engineering Organisation and Orissa Water Supply Sewerage Board are some of the principal organisations that are devolved with the responsibility of providing for civic amenities such as water supply, sewerage, waste management, street lighting and infrastructure of roads. The major activity, which puts maximum pressure on these organisations, is the annual event of the Ratha Yatra held during June- July. According to the Puri Municipality more than a million people attend this event. Hence, development activities such as infrastructure and amenities to the pilgrims, apart from security, gets priority attention.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20063_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20063-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The civic administration of Puri is the responsibility of the Puri Municipality. The municipality came into existence in 1864 in the name of the Puri Improvement Trust, which was converted into Puri Municipality in 1881. After India's independence in 1947, the Orissa Municipal Act (1950) was promulgated entrusting the administration of the city to the Puri Municipality. This body is represented by elected representatives with a Chairperson and councilors representing the 30 wards within the municipal limits.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20064_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20064-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The electricity is provided by <a href="/wiki/Tata_Power_Central_Odisha_Distribution_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Power Central Odisha Distribution Limited">Tata Power Central Odisha Distribution Limited</a> in the city and the entire district.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economy of Puri is dependent on tourism to the extent of about 80 percent. The temple is the focal point of the city and provides employment to the people of the town. Agricultural production of rice, ghee, vegetables and so forth of the region meet the large requirements of the temple. Many settlements around the town exclusively cater to the other religious requirements of the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20062–3_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20062–3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple administration employs 6,000 men to perform the rituals. The temple also provides economic sustenance to 20,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBindlossBrownElliott2007253_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBindlossBrownElliott2007253-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Colleen_Taylor_Sen" title="Colleen Taylor Sen">Colleen Taylor Sen</a>, an author on food and travel, writing on the food culture of India, the temple kitchen has 400 cooks serving food to as many as 100,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen2004126_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2004126-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to J Mohapatra, Director, Ind Barath Power Infra Ltd (IBPIL), the kitchen is known as "a largest and biggest kitchen of the world."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMohapatra201361_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohapatra201361-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_cityscape">Culture and cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture and cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jagannath_Temple_at_Puri">Jagannath Temple at Puri</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Jagannath Temple at Puri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple_(Puri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannath Temple (Puri)">Jagannath Temple (Puri)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:350px;max-width:350px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri,_Orissa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri%2C_Orissa.jpg/150px-Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri%2C_Orissa.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri%2C_Orissa.jpg/225px-Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri%2C_Orissa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri%2C_Orissa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri,_Orissa.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri%2C_Orissa.jpeg/192px-Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri%2C_Orissa.jpeg" decoding="async" width="192" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri%2C_Orissa.jpeg/288px-Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri%2C_Orissa.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri%2C_Orissa.jpeg/384px-Sri_Jagannath_Temple_Puri%2C_Orissa.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="411" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Left: Jagannath Temple at Puri Right: View of the temple at night</div></div></div></div> <p>The Jagannath Temple at Puri is one of the major Hindu temples built in the <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical kingdom)">Kalinga</a> style of architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple tower, with a spire, rises to a height of 58 metres (190 ft), and a flag is unfurled above it, fixed over a wheel (<i>chakra</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBindlossBrownElliott2007253_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBindlossBrownElliott2007253-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seven_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seven-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagannatha_Puri_temple_chakra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Jagannatha_Puri_temple_chakra.jpg/150px-Jagannatha_Puri_temple_chakra.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Jagannatha_Puri_temple_chakra.jpg/225px-Jagannatha_Puri_temple_chakra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Jagannatha_Puri_temple_chakra.jpg/300px-Jagannatha_Puri_temple_chakra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Left:Ritual chakra and flags at the top <a href="/wiki/Sikhara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikhara">shikhara</a> of Puri temple of <a href="/wiki/Jagannatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannatha">Jagannatha</a> also related to <a href="/wiki/Sudarsana_chakra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudarsana chakra">Sudarsana chakra</a>. The red flag (12 hand or 14 feet (4.3 m) denotes that Jagannath is within the temple.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagannath_Temple,_Puri_10_-_Arun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_10_-_Arun.jpg/150px-Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_10_-_Arun.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_10_-_Arun.jpg/225px-Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_10_-_Arun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_10_-_Arun.jpg/300px-Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_10_-_Arun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1513" data-file-height="2203" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Right: Statue of Aruna the charioteer of the Sun God on top of the Aruna Stambha in front of the Singhadwara</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The temple is built on an elevated platform (of about 420,000 square feet (39,000 m<sup>2</sup>) area),<sup id="cite_ref-Official_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 20 feet (6.1 m) above the adjacent area. The temple rises to a height of 214 feet (65 m) above the road level. The temple complex covers an area of 10.7 acres (4.3 ha).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20063_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20063-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are four entry gates in four cardinal directions of the temple, each gate located at the central part of the walls. These gates are: the eastern gate called the <i>Singhadwara</i> (Lions Gate), the southern gate known as <i>Ashwa Dwara</i> (Horse Gate), the western gate called the <i>Vyaghra Dwara</i> (Tigers Gate) or the <i>Khanja</i> Gate, and the northern gate called the <i>Hathi Dwara</i> or (elephant gate). These four gates symbolize the four fundamental principles of <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a> (right conduct), <a href="/wiki/Jnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnana">Jnana</a> (knowledge), <a href="/wiki/Vairagya" title="Vairagya">Vairagya</a> (renunciation) and <a href="/wiki/Aishwarya" title="Aishwarya">Aishwarya</a> (prosperity). The gates are crowned with pyramid shaped structures. There is a stone pillar in front of the Singhadwara, called the <i>Aruna Stambha</i> {Solar Pillar}, 11 metres (36 ft) in height with 16 faces, made of chlorite stone; at the top of the stamba an elegant statue of <a href="/wiki/Aru%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruṇa">Aruṇa</a> (Sun) in a prayer mode is mounted. This pillar was shifted from the <a href="/wiki/Konarak_Sun_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Konarak Sun Temple">Konarak Sun Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20063–4_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20063–4-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four gates are decorated with guardian statues in the form of lion, horse mounted men, tigers, and elephants in the name and order of the gates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBindlossBrownElliott2007253_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBindlossBrownElliott2007253-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pillar made of fossilized wood is used for placing lamps as offering. The Lion Gate (Singhadwara) is the main gate to the temple, which is guarded by two guardian deities <a href="/wiki/Jaya-Vijaya" title="Jaya-Vijaya">Jaya and Vijaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20063–4_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20063–4-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main gate is ascended through 22 steps known as <i>Baisi Pahaca</i>, which are revered, as it is believed to possess "spiritual animation". Children are made to roll down these steps, from top to bottom, to bring them spiritual happiness. After entering the temple, on the left side, there is a large kitchen where food is prepared in hygienic conditions in huge quantities; the kitchen is called as "the biggest hotel of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-Official_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagannath_Temple,_Puri_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_01.jpg/220px-Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_01.jpg/330px-Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_01.jpg/440px-Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The main entrance of the Jagannath Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>According to a legend King Indradyumma was directed by Jagannatha in a dream to build a temple for him which he did as directed. However, according to historical records the temple was started some time during the 12th century by King Chodaganga of the Eastern Ganga dynasty. It was completed by his descendant, Anangabhima Deva, in the 12th century. The wooden images of Jagannatha, Balabhadra and Subhadra were then deified here. The temple was under the control of the Hindu rulers up to 1558. Then, when Orissa was occupied by the Afghan Nawab of Bengal, it was brought under the control of the Afghan General Kalapahad. Following the defeat of the Afghan king by <a href="/wiki/Raja_Mansingh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Mansingh">Raja Mansingh</a>, the General of Mughal emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>, the temple became part of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal empire">Mughal empire</a> till 1751. Subsequently, it was under the control of the Marathas till 1803. During the British Raj, the Puri Raja was entrusted with its management until 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-Seven_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seven-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The triad of images in the temple are of Jagannatha, personifying Krishna, Balabhadra, His older brother, and Subhadra, His younger sister. The images are made of neem wood in an unfinished form. The stumps of wood which form the images of the brothers have human arms, while that of Subhadra does not have any arms. The heads are large, painted and non-carved. The faces are marked with distinctive large circular eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Pancha_Tirtha_of_Puri">The Pancha Tirtha of Puri</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Pancha Tirtha of Puri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pancha_Tirtha_of_Puri" title="Pancha Tirtha of Puri">Pancha Tirtha of Puri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Markandeshwar_Tank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Markandeshwar_Tank.jpg/220px-Markandeshwar_Tank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Markandeshwar_Tank.jpg/330px-Markandeshwar_Tank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Markandeshwar_Tank.jpg/440px-Markandeshwar_Tank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Markandeshwar Tank</figcaption></figure> <p>Hindus consider it essential to bathe in the <a href="/wiki/Pancha_Tirtha_of_Puri" title="Pancha Tirtha of Puri">Pancha Tirtha</a> or the five sacred bathing spots of Puri, to complete a pilgrimage to Puri. The five <a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">sacred water bodies</a> are the Indradyumana Tank, the Rohini Kunda, the Markandeya Tank, the Swetaganga Tank, and the Bay of Bengal also called the <i>Mahodadhi</i>, in Sanskrit 'Mahodadhi' means a "great ocean";<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavi230_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERavi230-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all are considered sacred bathing spots in the <a href="/wiki/Swargadwara" title="Swargadwara">Swargadwara</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-Sri_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sri-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarza199310_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarza199310-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadan1988161_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadan1988161-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tanks have perennial sources of supply from rainfall and ground water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20067_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20067-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunrise_at_Puri_Sea_Beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sunrise_at_Puri_Sea_Beach.jpg/220px-Sunrise_at_Puri_Sea_Beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sunrise_at_Puri_Sea_Beach.jpg/330px-Sunrise_at_Puri_Sea_Beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sunrise_at_Puri_Sea_Beach.jpg/440px-Sunrise_at_Puri_Sea_Beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4713" data-file-height="3028" /></a><figcaption>Sunrise at Puri Sea Beach</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gundicha_Temple">Gundicha Temple</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gundicha Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gundicha_Temple" title="Gundicha Temple">Gundicha Temple</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puri-gundica-mandir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Puri-gundica-mandir.jpg/220px-Puri-gundica-mandir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Puri-gundica-mandir.jpg/330px-Puri-gundica-mandir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Puri-gundica-mandir.jpg/440px-Puri-gundica-mandir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Main entrance of the Gundicha Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>The Gundicha Temple, known as the Garden House of Jagannatha, stands in the centre of a garden, bounded by compound walls on all sides. It lies at a distance of about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northeast of the Jagannath Temple. The two temples are located at the two ends of the <i>Bada Danda</i> (Grand Avenue), which is the pathway for the Ratha Yatra. According to a legend, Gundicha was the wife of King Indradyumna who originally built the Jagannath temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBansal201230–31_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBansal201230–31-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The temple is built using light-grey <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, and, architecturally, it exemplifies typical <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_architecture" title="Kalinga architecture">Kalinga temple architecture</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Deula" title="Deula">Deula</a></i> style. The complex comprises four components: <a href="/wiki/Vimana" title="Vimana">vimana</a> (tower structure containing the sanctum), <a href="/wiki/Jagamohana" title="Jagamohana">jagamohana</a> (assembly hall), nata-<a href="/wiki/Mandapa" title="Mandapa">mandapa</a> (festival hall) and <i>bhoga-mandapa</i> (hall of offerings). There is also a kitchen connected by a small passage. The temple is set within a garden, and is known as "God's Summer Garden Retreat" or garden house of Jagannatha. The entire complex, including the garden, is surrounded by a wall which measures 430 by 320 feet (131 m × 98 m) with height of 20 feet (6.1 m).<sup id="cite_ref-Mahapatra_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahapatra-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Except for the 9-day Ratha Yatra, when the triad images are worshipped in the Gundicha Temple, otherwise it remains unoccupied for the rest of the year. Tourists can visit the temple after paying an entry fee. Foreigners (generally prohibited entry in the main temple) are allowed inside this temple during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple is under the Jagannath Temple Administration, Puri, the governing body of the main temple. A small band of servitors maintain the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahapatra_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahapatra-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Swargadwar">Swargadwar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Swargadwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swargadwar,_Puri_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Swargadwar%2C_Puri_2.JPG/220px-Swargadwar%2C_Puri_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Swargadwar%2C_Puri_2.JPG/330px-Swargadwar%2C_Puri_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Swargadwar%2C_Puri_2.JPG/440px-Swargadwar%2C_Puri_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Sea at Swargadwar of Puri</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Swargadwara" title="Swargadwara">Swargadwar</a> is the name given to the cremation ground or burning ghat which is located on the shores of the sea. Here thousands of dead bodies of Hindus brought from faraway places are cremated. It is a belief that the Chaitanya Mahaparabhu disappeared from this Swargadwar about 500 years back.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xl–xli_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xl–xli-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beach">Beach</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Beach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puri_sea_sunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Puri_sea_sunrise.jpg/220px-Puri_sea_sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Puri_sea_sunrise.jpg/330px-Puri_sea_sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Puri_sea_sunrise.jpg/440px-Puri_sea_sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Puri sea sunrise</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puri_Sea_Beach_viewed_from_the_light_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Puri_Sea_Beach_viewed_from_the_light_house.jpg/220px-Puri_Sea_Beach_viewed_from_the_light_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Puri_Sea_Beach_viewed_from_the_light_house.jpg/330px-Puri_Sea_Beach_viewed_from_the_light_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Puri_Sea_Beach_viewed_from_the_light_house.jpg/440px-Puri_Sea_Beach_viewed_from_the_light_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="2348" /></a><figcaption>Puri sea beach viewed from the light house</figcaption></figure> <p>The beach at Puri, known as the "Ballighai beach, at the mouth of Nunai River", is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away from the town and is fringed by casurina trees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has golden yellow sand. Sunrise and sunset are pleasant scenic attractions here.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xiii_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xiii-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waves break in at the beach which is long and wide.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994697-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="District_museum">District museum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: District museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Puri district museum is located on the station road where the exhibits in display are the different types of garments worn by Jagannatha, local sculptures, <a href="/wiki/Patachitra" class="mw-redirect" title="Patachitra">patachitra</a> (traditional, cloth-based scroll painting), ancient <a href="/wiki/Palm-leaf_manuscript" title="Palm-leaf manuscript">Palm-leaf manuscripts</a>, and local craft work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xli_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xli-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Raghunandana_library">Raghunandana library</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Raghunandana library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raghunandana Library is located in the Emara Matha complex (opposite Simhadwara or lion gate, the main entrance gate). The Jagannatha Aitihasika Gavesana Samiti (Jagannatha Historical Centre) is also located here. The library houses ancient palm leaf manuscripts on Jagannatha, His cult and the history of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xli_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xli-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals_of_Puri">Festivals of Puri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Festivals of Puri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_observed_at_Jagannatha_Temple,_Puri" title="List of festivals observed at Jagannatha Temple, Puri">List of festivals observed at Jagannatha Temple, Puri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Road,_Puri_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Grand_Road%2C_Puri_02.jpg/220px-Grand_Road%2C_Puri_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Grand_Road%2C_Puri_02.jpg/330px-Grand_Road%2C_Puri_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Grand_Road%2C_Puri_02.jpg/440px-Grand_Road%2C_Puri_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4935" data-file-height="3345" /></a><figcaption>The Grand Road near the Jagannath Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>Puri witnesses 24 festivals every year, of which 13 are major. The most important of these is the <a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">Ratha Yatra</a>, or the car festival, held in the June–July, which is attended by more than 1 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20062_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20062-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ratha_Yatra_at_Puri">Ratha Yatra at Puri</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ratha Yatra at Puri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ratha-Yatra_(Puri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratha-Yatra (Puri)">Ratha-Yatra (Puri)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg/220px-Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg/330px-Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg/440px-Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1589" data-file-height="1075" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra" title="Ratha Yatra">Ratha Yatra</a> in Puri in modern times showing the three chariots of the deities with the Temple in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>The Jagannath Temple triad are normally worshipped in the sanctum of the temple at Puri, but once during the month of <a href="/wiki/Asadha" class="mw-redirect" title="Asadha">Asadha</a> (rainy season of Orissa, usually in June or July), they are brought out on the Bada Danda (main street of Puri) and taken over a distance of (3 kilometres (1.9 mi)) to the <a href="/wiki/Gundicha_Temple" title="Gundicha Temple">Gundicha Temple</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in huge chariots (<i>ratha</i>), allowing the public to have <a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%9Bana" class="mw-redirect" title="Darśana">darśana</a> (holy view). This festival is known as the Ratha Yatra, meaning the journey (<i>yatra</i>) of the chariots.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas198240_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDas198240-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The yatra starts every year according to the Hindu calendar on the Asadha Sukla Dwitiya day, the second day of bright fortnight of Asadha (June–July).<sup id="cite_ref-Barik_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barik-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, the ruling Ganga dynasty instituted the Ratha Yatra on the completion of the Jagannath Temple around 1150 AD. This festival was one of those Hindu festivals that was reported to the Western world very early.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarza1993133_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarza1993133-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Friar Odoric</a>, in his account of 1321, reported how the people put the "idols" on chariots, and the King, the Queen and all the people drew them from the "church" with song and music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarza1993129_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarza1993129-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas198248_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDas198248-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rathas are huge wooden structures provided with large wheels, which are built anew every year and are pulled by the devotees. The chariot for Jagannatha is about 45 feet (14 m) high and 35 square feet (3.3 m<sup>2</sup>) and takes about 2 months for its construction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarza199316_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarza199316-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chariot is mounted with 16 wheels, each of 7 feet (2.1 m) diameter. The carving in the front face of the chariot has four wooden horses drawn by <a href="/wiki/Maruti_Nandan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maruti Nandan">Maruti</a>. On its other three faces, the wooden carvings are of <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a> and Vishnu. The chariot is known as Nandi Ghosha. The roof of the chariot is covered with yellow and red coloured cloth. The next chariot is of Balabhadra which is 44 feet (13 m) in height fitted with 14 wheels. The chariot is carved with <a href="/wiki/Satyaki" title="Satyaki">Satyaki</a> as the charioteer, roof covered in red and green coloured cloth, and the chariot is known as Taladhwaja. The carvings on this chariot include images of <a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudra" title="Rudra">Rudra</a> as Jagannatha's companions. The next chariot in the order is of Subhadra, which is 43 feet (13 m) in height supported on 12 wheels, roof covered in black and red colour cloth, and the chariot is known as Darpa Dalaan and the charioteer carved is <a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a>. Other images carved on the chariot are of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vana_Durga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vana Durga (page does not exist)">Vana Durga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tara_(Devi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tara (Devi)">Tara Devi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chandi_Devi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandi Devi">Chandi Devi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barik_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barik-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chariot_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chariot-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The artists and painters of Puri decorate the cars and paint flower petals and other designs on the wheels, the wood-carved charioteer and horses, and the inverted lotuses on the wall behind the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas198240_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDas198240-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chariots of Jagannatha pulled during Ratha Yatra is the etymological origin of the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> word <a href="/wiki/Juggernaut" title="Juggernaut">Juggernaut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ratha Yatra is also termed as the Shri Gundicha yatra and Ghosha yatra<sup id="cite_ref-Barik_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barik-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagannath_4_-_Pahandi_bije.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jagannath_4_-_Pahandi_bije.jpg/220px-Jagannath_4_-_Pahandi_bije.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jagannath_4_-_Pahandi_bije.jpg/330px-Jagannath_4_-_Pahandi_bije.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jagannath_4_-_Pahandi_bije.jpg/440px-Jagannath_4_-_Pahandi_bije.jpg 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>Pahandi bije during Ratha Yatra at Puri</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chhera_Panhara">Chhera Panhara</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Chhera Panhara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chhera Panhara<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (sweeping with water) is a significant ritual associated with the Ratha Yatra. During this ritual, the Gajapati King wears the outfit of a sweeper and sweeps all around the deities and chariots. The king cleans the road in front of the chariots with a gold-handled broom and sprinkles <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a> water and powder. As per the custom, although the Gajapati King has been considered the most exalted person in <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical kingdom)">the Kalingan kingdom</a>, he still renders the menial service to Jagannatha. This ritual signifies that under the lordship of Jagannatha, there is no distinction between the powerful sovereign and the humblest devotee.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chandan_Yatra">Chandan Yatra</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Chandan Yatra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narendra_Pokhari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Narendra_Pokhari.jpg/220px-Narendra_Pokhari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Narendra_Pokhari.jpg/330px-Narendra_Pokhari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Narendra_Pokhari.jpg/440px-Narendra_Pokhari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <b>Narendra Tirtha</b> tank where ceremonies of <a href="/wiki/Chandan_Yatra" title="Chandan Yatra">Chandan Yatra</a> are performed</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chandan_Yatra" title="Chandan Yatra">Chandan Yatra</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Chandan_Yatra" title="Chandan Yatra">Chandan Yatra</a> festival held every year on <a href="/wiki/Akshaya_Tritiya" title="Akshaya Tritiya">Akshaya Tritiya</a> day marks the commencement of the construction of the chariots of the Ratha Yatra. It also marks the celebration of the Hindu new year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Snana_Yatra">Snana Yatra</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Snana Yatra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Snana_Yatra" title="Snana Yatra">Snana Yatra</a></div> <p>Every year, on the <a href="/wiki/Full_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Full Moon">Purnima</a> day in the Hindu calendar month of <a href="/wiki/Jyestha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyestha">Jyestha</a> (June), the triad images of the Jagannath Temple are ceremonially bathed and decorated on the occasion of Snana Yatra. Water for the bath is taken in 108 pots from the <i>Suna kuan</i> (meaning: "golden well") located near the northern gate of the temple. Water is drawn from this well only once in a year for the sole purpose of the religious bath of the deities. After the bath the triad images are dressed in the fashion of the elephant god, <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a>. Later, during the night, the original triad images are taken out in a procession back to the main temple but kept at a place known as <i>Anasara pindi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barik_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barik-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this the <a href="/wiki/Jhulan_Purnima" title="Jhulan Purnima">Jhulan Yatra</a> is performed when proxy images of the deities are taken out in a grand procession for 21 days, cruised over boats in the Narendra Tirtha tank.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anavasara_or_Anasara">Anavasara or Anasara</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Anavasara or Anasara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaturdha_Murtti_at_Snana_Mandapa,_Nalconagar.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Chaturdha_Murtti_at_Snana_Mandapa%2C_Nalconagar.jpeg/220px-Chaturdha_Murtti_at_Snana_Mandapa%2C_Nalconagar.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Chaturdha_Murtti_at_Snana_Mandapa%2C_Nalconagar.jpeg/330px-Chaturdha_Murtti_at_Snana_Mandapa%2C_Nalconagar.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Chaturdha_Murtti_at_Snana_Mandapa%2C_Nalconagar.jpeg/440px-Chaturdha_Murtti_at_Snana_Mandapa%2C_Nalconagar.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Images during the <a href="/wiki/Snana_Yatra" title="Snana Yatra">Snana Yatra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Anasara, a derivative of the Sanskrit word "Anabasara",<sup id="cite_ref-Govt_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Govt-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> literally means vacation. Every year after the holy Snana Yatra, the triad images, without the <a href="/wiki/Sudarshana_Chakra" title="Sudarshana Chakra">Sudarshana Chakra</a>, are taken to a secret altar named <i>Anavasara Ghar</i> (also known as <i>Anasara pindi,</i> 'pindi' is Oriya term meaning "platform" <sup id="cite_ref-Govt_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Govt-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) where they remain for the next fortnight of (<a href="/wiki/Krishna_paksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna paksha">Krishna paksha</a>); devotees are not allowed to view these images. Instead, devotees go to the nearby <a href="/wiki/Brahmagiri,_Orissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmagiri, Orissa">Brahmagiri</a> to see the Lord in the four-handed form of Alarnath, a depiction of Vishnu.<sup id="cite_ref-Barik_70-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barik-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devotees then get the first glimpse of the Lord only on the day before Ratha Yatra, which is called <i>Navayouvana.</i> It is a local belief that the gods suffer from fever after taking an elaborate ritual bath, and they are treated by the special servants, the Daitapatis, for 15 days. Daitapatis perform special <a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">nitis</a> (rites) known as <i>Netrotchhaba</i> (a rite of painting the eyes of the triad). During this period cooked food is not offered to the deities.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Naba_Kalebara">Naba Kalebara</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Naba Kalebara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Nabakalevara" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabakalevara">Nabakalevara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nabakalebara_2015" title="Nabakalebara 2015">Nabakalebara 2015</a></div> <p>Naba Kalebara is one of the most grand events associated with the LJagannatha that takes place when one <a href="/wiki/Lunar_month" title="Lunar month">lunar month</a> of Ashadha is followed by another of Ashadha called Adhika Masa (extra month). This can take place at an interval of 8, 12 or even 18 years. Literally meaning the "New Body" (Nava = New, Kalevar = Body) in Odia, the festival is witnessed by millions of people and the budget for this event generally exceeds $500,000. The event involves installation of new images in the temple and burial of the old ones in the temple premises at Koili Vaikuntha. During the <a href="/wiki/Nabakalebara_2015" title="Nabakalebara 2015">Nabakalebara ceremony held during July 2015</a> the idols that were installed in the temple in 1996 were replaced by specially carved new images made of neem wood.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bije_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bije-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 3 million people are reported to have attended this festival.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suna_Besha">Suna Besha</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Suna Besha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suna_Besha" title="Suna Besha">Suna Besha</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suna_Vesha_or_Golden_Attire_of_Lord_Shri_Jagannath_of_Puri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Suna_Vesha_or_Golden_Attire_of_Lord_Shri_Jagannath_of_Puri.jpg/220px-Suna_Vesha_or_Golden_Attire_of_Lord_Shri_Jagannath_of_Puri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Suna_Vesha_or_Golden_Attire_of_Lord_Shri_Jagannath_of_Puri.jpg/330px-Suna_Vesha_or_Golden_Attire_of_Lord_Shri_Jagannath_of_Puri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Suna_Vesha_or_Golden_Attire_of_Lord_Shri_Jagannath_of_Puri.jpg/440px-Suna_Vesha_or_Golden_Attire_of_Lord_Shri_Jagannath_of_Puri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Suna_Besha" title="Suna Besha">Suna Besha</a> or Golden Attire of Lord Jagannatha</figcaption></figure> <p>Suna Besha, ('Suna besh'in English translates to "gold dressing"<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) also known as Raja or Rajadhiraja Bhesha <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014103_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014103-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Raja Bhesha, is an event when the triad images of the Jagannath Temple are adorned with gold jewelry. This event is observed five times in a year. It is commonly observed on <a href="/wiki/Magha_(month)" title="Magha (month)">Magha</a> <a href="/wiki/Purnima" title="Purnima">Purnima</a> (January), Bahuda Ekadashi also known as <a href="/wiki/Asadha" class="mw-redirect" title="Asadha">Asadha</a> <a href="/wiki/Ekadashi" title="Ekadashi">Ekadashi</a> (July), <a href="/wiki/Dashahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Dashahara">Dashahara</a> (Bijayadashami) (October), <a href="/wiki/Karthik_Purnima" class="mw-redirect" title="Karthik Purnima">Karthik Purnima</a> (November), and Pousa Purnima (December).<sup id="cite_ref-Bhesha_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhesha-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One such Suna Bhesha event is observed on Bahuda Ekadashi during the Ratha Yatra on the chariots placed at the Simhadwar. The other four Beshas are observed inside the temple on the <i>Ratna Singhasana</i> (gem studded altar). On this occasion gold plates are decorated over the hands and feet of Jagannatha and Balabhadra; Jagannatha is also adorned with a <a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">Chakra</a> (disc) made of gold on the right hand while a silver conch adorns the left hand. Balabhadra is decorated with a plough made of gold on the left hand while a golden <a href="/wiki/Kaumodaki" title="Kaumodaki">mace</a> adorns his right hand.<sup id="cite_ref-Bhesha_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhesha-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Niladri_Bije">Niladri Bije</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Niladri Bije"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Niladri Bije, celebrated in the Hindu calendar month Asadha (June–July) on Trayodashi (13th day),<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> marks the end of the Ratha Yatra. The large wooden images of the triad of gods are taken out from the chariots and then carried to the sanctum sanctorum, swaying rhythmically; a ritual which is known as <i>pahandi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bije_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bije-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sahi_yatra">Sahi yatra</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sahi yatra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sahi_Yatra_of_Puri,_Odisha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sahi_Yatra_of_Puri%2C_Odisha.jpg/220px-Sahi_Yatra_of_Puri%2C_Odisha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sahi_Yatra_of_Puri%2C_Odisha.jpg/330px-Sahi_Yatra_of_Puri%2C_Odisha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sahi_Yatra_of_Puri%2C_Odisha.jpg/440px-Sahi_Yatra_of_Puri%2C_Odisha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption> A scene from a play being enacted during the Sahi Yatra</figcaption></figure> <p>The Sahi Yatra, considered the world's biggest open-air theatre,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an annual event lasting 11 days; a traditional cultural theatre festival or folk drama which begins on <a href="/wiki/Ram_Navami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Navami">Ram Navami</a> and ends on Rama <i><a href="/wiki/Abhisheka" title="Abhisheka">avishke</a></i> (Sanskrit meaning : anointing). The festival includes plays depicting various scenes from the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>. The residents of various localities, or Sahis, are entrusted the task of performing the drama at the street corners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xl_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xl-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Samudra_Arati">Samudra Arati</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Samudra Arati"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samudra_arati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Samudra_arati.jpg/220px-Samudra_arati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Samudra_arati.jpg/330px-Samudra_arati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Samudra_arati.jpg/440px-Samudra_arati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Samudra arati of worship of the sea by disciples of the Matha at Puri</figcaption></figure> <p>The Samudra <a href="/wiki/Arati" class="mw-redirect" title="Arati">arati</a> is a daily tradition started by the present Shankaracharya 9 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Aarti_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aarti-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The daily practise includes prayer and fire offering to the sea at Swargadwar in Puri by disciples of the Govardhan Matha. On Paush Purnima of every year the Shankaracharya himself comes out to offer prayers to the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Aarti_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aarti-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts_and_crafts">Arts and crafts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Arts and crafts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sand_art">Sand art</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sand art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puri_Sterling_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Puri_Sterling_12.jpg/220px-Puri_Sterling_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Puri_Sterling_12.jpg/330px-Puri_Sterling_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Puri_Sterling_12.jpg/440px-Puri_Sterling_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3884" data-file-height="2028" /></a><figcaption>Sand art of a baby elephant</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sandpainting" title="Sandpainting">Sand art</a> is a special art form that is created on the beaches of Puri. The art form is attributed to Balaram Das, a poet who lived in the 14th century. Sculptures of various gods and famous people are now created in sand by amateur artists. These are temporary in nature as they get washed away by waves. This art form has gained international fame in recent years. One of the famed sand artists of Odisha is <a href="/wiki/Sudarshan_Patnaik" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudarshan Patnaik">Sudarshan Patnaik</a>. He established the Golden Sand Art Institute in 1995, in the open air on the shores of Bay of Bengal, to provide training to students interested in this art form.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xl_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xl-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Appliqué_art"><span id="Appliqu.C3.A9_art"></span>Appliqué art</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Appliqué art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quilt_block_applique_flower_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Quilt_block_applique_flower_detail.jpg/220px-Quilt_block_applique_flower_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Quilt_block_applique_flower_detail.jpg/330px-Quilt_block_applique_flower_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Quilt_block_applique_flower_detail.jpg/440px-Quilt_block_applique_flower_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>An applique art work</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9" title="Appliqué">Appliqué art</a>, which is a stitching-based craft unlike embroidery, was pioneered by Hatta Maharana of <a href="/wiki/Pipili" title="Pipili">Pipili</a>. It is widely used in Puri, both for decoration of the deities and for sale. Maharana's family members are employed as <a href="/wiki/Darji" class="mw-redirect" title="Darji">darjis</a> or tailors or <i>sebaks</i> by the Maharaja of Puri. They prepare articles for decorating the deities in the temple for various festivals and religious ceremonies. The appliqué works are brightly colored and patterned fabric in the form of canopies, umbrellas, drapery, carry bags, flags, coverings of dummy horses and cows, and other household textiles; these are marketed in Puri. The cloth used is made in dark colours of red, black, yellow, green, blue and turquoise blue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaik199695–96_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaik199695–96-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pattachitra">Pattachitra</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Pattachitra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pattachitra" title="Pattachitra">Pattachitra</a>, one of the oldest forms of cloth-based scroll painting of the region, originally created for ritual use and as souvenirs for pilgrims to Puri, as well as other temples in Odisha.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_activities">Cultural activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Cultural activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nandini_Ghosal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nandini_Ghosal.jpg/220px-Nandini_Ghosal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nandini_Ghosal.jpg/330px-Nandini_Ghosal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nandini_Ghosal.jpg/440px-Nandini_Ghosal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a> dancer</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samudra_arati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Samudra_arati.jpg/220px-Samudra_arati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Samudra_arati.jpg/330px-Samudra_arati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Samudra_arati.jpg/440px-Samudra_arati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Samudra arati or worship of the sea at Swargadwar by disciples of the <a href="/wiki/Govardhana_matha" class="mw-redirect" title="Govardhana matha">Govardhana matha</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Cultural activities, including the annual religious festivals, in Puri are: The Puri Beach Festival held from 5 to 9 November every year, and the Shreekshetra Utsav held from 20 December to 2 January every year. The cultural programs include unique sand art, display of local and traditional handicrafts and food festival.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014Xxxviii_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014Xxxviii-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, cultural programs are held for two hours on every second Saturday of the month at the district Collector's Conference Hall near Sea Beach Police Station. <a href="/wiki/Odissi_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Odissi dance">Odissi dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odissi_music" title="Odissi music">Odissi music</a> and folk dances are part of this event.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014Xxxviii_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014Xxxviii-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi dance</a> is the cultural heritage of Puri. This dance form originated in Puri from the dances performed by <a href="/wiki/Devadasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Devadasis">Devadasis</a> (Maharis) attached to the Jagannath Temple who performed dances in the Nata <i>mandapa</i> of the temple to please the deities. Though the devadasi practice has been discontinued, the dance form has become modern and classical and is widely popular; many of the Odissi virtuoso artists and gurus (teachers) are from Puri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014XL_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014XL-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the notable Odissi dancers are <a href="/wiki/Kelucharan_Mohapatra" title="Kelucharan Mohapatra">Kelucharan Mohapatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayadhar_Raut" title="Mayadhar Raut">Mayadhar Raut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonal_Mansingh" title="Sonal Mansingh">Sonal Mansingh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sanjukta_Panigrahi" title="Sanjukta Panigrahi">Sanjukta Panigrahi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222442370">.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container>label:first-of-type{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatleft,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tleft{padding:0 0 0 0;margin:0 0 0 0}</style><div class="mapframe-multi-outer-container mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:300px"><div class="switcher-container mapframe-multi-container"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="4" data-lat="19.8" data-lon="85.816666666667" data-overlays="["_b2d7af9207854c717110727f0b72d2b27e8eb36b"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/4/19.8/85.816666666667/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,19.8,85.816666666667,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Puri&revid=1258560129&groups=_b2d7af9207854c717110727f0b72d2b27e8eb36b" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,19.8,85.816666666667,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Puri&revid=1258560129&groups=_b2d7af9207854c717110727f0b72d2b27e8eb36b 2x" alt="Map" /></a><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show zoomed out</span></div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="6" data-lat="19.8" data-lon="85.816666666667" data-overlays="["_b2d7af9207854c717110727f0b72d2b27e8eb36b"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/19.8/85.816666666667/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,19.8,85.816666666667,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Puri&revid=1258560129&groups=_b2d7af9207854c717110727f0b72d2b27e8eb36b" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,19.8,85.816666666667,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Puri&revid=1258560129&groups=_b2d7af9207854c717110727f0b72d2b27e8eb36b 2x" alt="Map" /></a><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show zoomed mid</span></div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="19.8" data-lon="85.816666666667" data-overlays="["_b2d7af9207854c717110727f0b72d2b27e8eb36b"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/19.8/85.816666666667/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,19.8,85.816666666667,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Puri&revid=1258560129&groups=_b2d7af9207854c717110727f0b72d2b27e8eb36b" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,19.8,85.816666666667,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Puri&revid=1258560129&groups=_b2d7af9207854c717110727f0b72d2b27e8eb36b 2x" alt="Map" /></a><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show zoomed in</span></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Earlier, when roads did not exist, people used to walk or travel by animal-drawn vehicles or carriages along beaten tracks to reach Puri. Travel was by riverine craft along the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> up to Calcutta, and then on foot or by carriages. It was only during the Maratha rule that the Jagannath Sadak (Road) was built around 1790. The <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> laid the rail track from Calcutta to Puri, which became operational in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxiii_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxiii-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puri is now well-connected by rail, road and air services.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Train">Train</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Train"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad gauge</a> railway line of the <a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Railway_zone" title="South Eastern Railway zone">South Eastern Railways</a> which connects Puri with <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> and Khorda Road is an important railway junction on this route. The rail distance is 499 kilometres (310 mi) from Kolkata and 468 kilometres (291 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Vishakhapatnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishakhapatnam">Vishakhapatnam</a>. Road network includes <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_203_(India)(old_numbering)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway 203 (India)(old numbering)">NH 203</a> that links the city with Bhubaneswar, the state capital, situated about 60 kilometres (37 mi) away. NH 203 B connects the city with <a href="/wiki/Satapada" class="mw-redirect" title="Satapada">Satapada</a> via <a href="/wiki/Brahmagiri,_Odisha" title="Brahmagiri, Odisha">Brahmagiri</a>. Marine drive, which is part of NH 203 A, connects Puri with Konark. <a href="/wiki/Puri_railway_station" title="Puri railway station">Puri railway station</a> is among the top hundred booking stations of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puri railway station is 1,321 kilometres (821 mi) away from New Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20062_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20062-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rail_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rail-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A proposal was received from the State Government of Odisha for development of a Greenfield Airport at Puri to the Ministry of Civil Aviation seeking 'Site Clearance' approval under GFA Policy.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Puri_International_Airport" title="Puri International Airport">Shree Jagannath International Airport</a> is likely to be operational by 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scs_college_puri.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Scs_college_puri.jpeg/220px-Scs_college_puri.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Scs_college_puri.jpeg/330px-Scs_college_puri.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Scs_college_puri.jpeg/440px-Scs_college_puri.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Samanta Chandra Sekhara College, Puri</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bholanath_Vidyapith" class="mw-redirect" title="Bholanath Vidyapith">Bholanath Vidyapith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biswambhar_Bidyapitha" title="Biswambhar Bidyapitha">Biswambhar Bidyapitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament_High_School_Puri" title="Blessed Sacrament High School Puri">Blessed Sacrament High School Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.A.V_Public_School" class="mw-redirect" title="D.A.V Public School">D.A.V Public School</a>, Puri<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya">Kendriya Vidyalaya</a>, Puri<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_Zilla_School" title="Puri Zilla School">Puri Zilla School</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_Universities">Colleges and Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Colleges and Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Sanskrit_University" title="Central Sanskrit University">Central Sanskrit University</a>, Shri Sadashiv Campus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanashyama_Hemalata_Institute_of_Technology_and_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghanashyama Hemalata Institute of Technology and Management">Ghanashyama Hemalata Institute of Technology and Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shree_Jagannath_Sanskrit_University" title="Shree Jagannath Sanskrit University">Shree Jagannath Sanskrit University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jagannath_Medical_College_and_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Jagannath Medical College and Hospital">Sri Jagannath Medical College and Hospital</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidhu_Bhusan_Das" title="Bidhu Bhusan Das">Bidhu Bhusan Das</a> - Academic and Vice Chancellor, DPI Odisha</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopabandhu_Das" title="Gopabandhu Das">Gopabandhu Das</a> – Social worker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilakantha_Das" title="Nilakantha Das">Nilakantha Das</a> – Social activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Charan_Das" title="Pankaj Charan Das">Pankaj Charan Das</a> – Odissi dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Nalini_Das" title="Prabhat Nalini Das">Prabhat Nalini Das</a> - pro Vice Chancellor, academician, feminist, Dean IIT Kanpur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajapati_Maharaja_Dibyasingha_Deb" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajapati Maharaja Dibyasingha Deb">Gajapati Maharaja Dibyasingha Deb</a> - Odia King</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Garrett" title="Charles Garrett">Charles Garrett</a> – Cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakhi_Khuntia" title="Chakhi Khuntia">Chakhi Khuntia</a> – Freedom fighter <sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayadhar_Mansingh" title="Mayadhar Mansingh">Mayadhar Mansingh</a> - Odia poet and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinaki_Misra" title="Pinaki Misra">Pinaki Misra</a> - Politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelucharan_Mohapatra" title="Kelucharan Mohapatra">Kelucharan Mohapatra</a> – Odissi dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Mohapatra" title="Raghunath Mohapatra">Raghunath Mohapatra</a> – Architect and sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baisali_Mohanty" title="Baisali Mohanty">Baisali Mohanty</a> - ALC Global Fellow at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rituraj_Mohanty" title="Rituraj Mohanty">Rituraj Mohanty</a> – Singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarat_Kumar_Mukhopadhyay" title="Sarat Kumar Mukhopadhyay">Sarat Kumar Mukhopadhyay</a> - Poet, novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarshan_Pattnaik" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudarshan Pattnaik">Sudarshan Pattnaik</a> – Sand Artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayee_Rajguru" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayee Rajguru">Jayee Rajguru</a> - Freedom fighter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Rao" title="Madhusudan Rao">Madhusudan Rao</a> – Odia Poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarshan_Sahoo" title="Sudarshan Sahoo">Sudarshan Sahoo</a> - Sculptor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chari_Kshetra" title="Chari Kshetra">Chari Kshetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark_Dance_Festival" title="Konark Dance Festival">Konark Dance Festival</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Whos_Who-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whos_Who_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whos_Who_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://puri.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/">"Who's Who"</a>. <i>Puri District Administration</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Puri+District+Administration&rft.atitle=Who%27s+Who&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpuri.nic.in%2Fabout-district%2Fwhos-who%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purimunicipality.nic.in/">"Puri City"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130023719/http://purimunicipality.nic.in/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Puri+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpurimunicipality.nic.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakraborty2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chakraborty, Yogabrata (28 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230628053933/https://epaper.thestatesman.com/m5/3725372/Dainik-Statesman/28TH-JUNE-2023#page/1/1">"পুরীধাম ও জগন্নাথদেবের ব্রহ্মরূপ বৃত্তান্ত"</a> [Puridham and the tale of lord Jagannath's legendary 'Bramharup']. <i>dainikstatesmannews.com</i> (in Bengali). Kolkata: <a href="/wiki/Dainik_Statesman" title="Dainik Statesman">Dainik Statesman</a> (The Statesman Group). p. 4. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dainikstatesmannews.com&rft.atitle=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE+%E0%A6%93+%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2023-06-28&rft.aulast=Chakraborty&rft.aufirst=Yogabrata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fepaper.thestatesman.com%2Fm5%2F3725372%2FDainik-Statesman%2F28TH-JUNE-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1513307">"Development of Ramayana and Krishna Circuits"</a>. <i>pib.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pib.gov.in&rft.atitle=Development+of+Ramayana+and+Krishna+Circuits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpib.gov.in%2Fpib.gov.in%2FPressreleaseshare.aspx%3FPRID%3D1513307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxix-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxix_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, p. xxix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxx-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxx_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxx_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, p. xxx.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxi-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxi_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxi_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, p. xxxi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlashoff" class="citation web cs1">Glashoff, Klaus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&tinput=puri&trans=Translate&direction=SE">"Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit"</a>. Spokensanskrit.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003141324/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&tinput=puri&trans=Translate&direction=SE">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sanskrit+Dictionary+for+Spoken+Sanskrit&rft.pub=Spokensanskrit.de&rft.aulast=Glashoff&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspokensanskrit.de%2Findex.php%3Fscript%3DHK%26tinput%3Dpuri%26trans%3DTranslate%26direction%3DSE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnanda201511-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnanda201511_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnanda2015">Ananda 2015</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jagannathyatra-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jagannathyatra_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jagannathyatra.com/about_puri.html">"Jagannathyatra"</a>. Jagannathyatra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051306/http://jagannathyatra.com/about_puri.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jagannathyatra&rft.pub=Jagannathyatra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjagannathyatra.com%2Fabout_puri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti20147-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti20147_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor20025890_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKapoor2002">Kapoor 2002</a>, p. 5890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadasivan2000211-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadasivan2000211_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadasivan2000">Sadasivan 2000</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994699-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994699_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994699_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingSalkinBoda1994699_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRingSalkinBoda1994">Ring, Salkin & Boda 1994</a>, p. 699.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201182-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201182_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201182_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDash2011">Dash 2011</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xliii7-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xliii7_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, p. xliii7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201182–83-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201182–83_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDash2011">Dash 2011</a>, p. 82–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDash201183-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDash201183_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Odisha+TV&rft.atitle=%27Irregularities%27+In+Meter+Installation+By+TPCODL%3A+Puri+Congress+Stages+Dharna%2C+Admin+Sets+Up+Committee&rft.date=2021-09-19&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Vikash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fodishatv.in%2Fnews%2Fmiscellaneous%2F-irregularities-in-meter-installation-by-tpcodl-puri-congress-stages-dharna-160027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20062–3-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20062–3_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManagers2006">Managers 2006</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2004126-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen2004126_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSen2004">Sen 2004</a>, p. 126.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFSen2004 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohapatra201361-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMohapatra201361_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMohapatra2013">Mohapatra 2013</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orissaculture.gov.in/Architecture.asp">"Temple Architecture"</a>. Culture Department, Government of Orissa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707223017/http://www.orissaculture.gov.in/Architecture.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temple+Architecture&rft.pub=Culture+Department%2C+Government+of+Orissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forissaculture.gov.in%2FArchitecture.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seven-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seven_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seven_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.7wonders.org/wonders/asia/india/puri/jagannath-temple.aspx">"Jagannath Temple, India – 7 wonders"</a>. <i>7wonders.org</i>. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612083058/http://www.7wonders.org/wonders/asia/india/puri/jagannath-temple.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2012</span>. <q>The temple is divided into four chambers: Bhogmandir, Natamandir, Jagamohana and Deul</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=7wonders.org&rft.atitle=Jagannath+Temple%2C+India+%E2%80%93+7+wonders&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.7wonders.org%2Fwonders%2Fasia%2Findia%2Fpuri%2Fjagannath-temple.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Official-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Official_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jagannath.nic.in/?q=node/81">"About Jagannath Temple"</a>. Official Website of Shree jagannath temple Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150831140432/http://jagannath.nic.in/?q=node%2F81">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Jagannath+Temple&rft.pub=Official+Website+of+Shree+jagannath+temple+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjagannath.nic.in%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20063–4-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20063–4_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20063–4_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManagers2006">Managers 2006</a>, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fullodisha.com/puri/temple_temple.htm">"Temple information: Jagannath temple"</a>. Full Orissa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150827024854/http://www.fullodisha.com/puri/temple_temple.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temple+information%3A+Jagannath+temple&rft.pub=Full+Orissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fullodisha.com%2Fpuri%2Ftemple_temple.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERavi230-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERavi230_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRavi">Ravi</a>, p. 230.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFRavi (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sri-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sri_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shreekhetra.com/panchatirtha.html">"Panch Tirtha of Puri"</a>. Shreekhetra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015074001/http://shreekhetra.com/panchatirtha.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panch+Tirtha+of+Puri&rft.pub=Shreekhetra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreekhetra.com%2Fpanchatirtha.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarza199310-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarza199310_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStarza1993">Starza 1993</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadan1988161-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadan1988161_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadan1988">Madan1988</a>, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20067-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20067_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManagers2006">Managers 2006</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBansal201230–31-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBansal201230–31_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBansal2012">Bansal 2012</a>, pp. 30–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mahapatra-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mahapatra_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mahapatra_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahapatra" class="citation web cs1">Mahapatra, Bhagaban. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004163057/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2013/jul/engpdf/77-79.pdf">"Significance of Gundicha Temple in Car festival"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. E-Magazine, Government of Orissa. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2013/jul/engpdf/77-79.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Significance+of+Gundicha+Temple+in+Car+festival&rft.pub=E-Magazine%2C+Government+of+Orissa&rft.aulast=Mahapatra&rft.aufirst=Bhagaban&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodisha.gov.in%2Fe-magazine%2FOrissareview%2F2013%2Fjul%2Fengpdf%2F77-79.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanda2012" class="citation news cs1">Panda, Namita (22 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621103006/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120622/jsp/odisha/story_15644438.jsp">"Ready for the Trinity"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120622/jsp/odisha/story_15644438.jsp">the original</a> on 21 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ready+for+the+Trinity&rft.date=2012-06-22&rft.aulast=Panda&rft.aufirst=Namita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1120622%2Fjsp%2Fodisha%2Fstory_15644438.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xl–xli-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xl–xli_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, pp. xl–xli.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xiii-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xiii_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, p. xiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xli-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xli_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xli_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, p. xli.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManagers20062-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20062_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManagers20062_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManagers2006">Managers 2006</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roaddistance.in/odisha/bada-danda-puri-puri-to-gundicha-temple-puri-distance/by-road/">"Bada Danda Puri Puri and Gundicha Temple Puri by Road, Distance Between Bada Danda Puri Puri and Gundicha Temple Puri, Distance by Road from Bada Danda Puri Puri and Gundicha Temple Puri with Travel Time, Gundicha Temple Puri Distance from Bada Danda Puri Puri, Driving Direction Calculator from bada danda puri puri and gundicha temple puri"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818091839/http://www.roaddistance.in/odisha/bada-danda-puri-puri-to-gundicha-temple-puri-distance/by-road/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bada+Danda+Puri+Puri+and+Gundicha+Temple+Puri+by+Road%2C+Distance+Between+Bada+Danda+Puri+Puri+and+Gundicha+Temple+Puri%2C+Distance+by+Road+from+Bada+Danda+Puri+Puri+and+Gundicha+Temple+Puri+with+Travel+Time%2C+Gundicha+Temple+Puri+Distance+from+Bada+Danda+Puri+Puri%2C+Driving+Direction+Calculator+from+bada+danda+puri+puri+and+gundicha+temple+puri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roaddistance.in%2Fodisha%2Fbada-danda-puri-puri-to-gundicha-temple-puri-distance%2Fby-road%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDas198240-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas198240_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas198240_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDas1982">Das 1982</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barik-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barik_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barik_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barik_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barik_70-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barik_70-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarik" class="citation web cs1">Barik, Sarmistha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928213056/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/june_july-2007/engpdf/Pages18-24.pdf">"Festivals in Shri Jagannath Temple"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Odisha. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/june_july-2007/engpdf/Pages18-24.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2012</span>. <q>suffer from fever on the account of elaborate bath and for that they are kept in dietary provisions (No cooked food is served) and are nursed by the Daitas</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nilachakra.org&rft.atitle=Festivals+of+Lord+Sri+Jagannath&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnilachakra.org%2FTemple%2Ffestivals.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/30988-puri-gearing-up-for-2015-nabakalebar.html">"Puri gearing up for 2015 Nabakalebar"</a>. <i>dailypioneer.com</i>. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714162629/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/30988-puri-gearing-up-for-2015-nabakalebar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2015</span>. <q>NILADRI BIJE – Celebrated on 13th day of bright fortnight of Asadha.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nilachakra.org&rft.atitle=Festivals+of+Lord+Sri+Jagannath&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnilachakra.org%2FTemple%2Ffestivals.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahapatra2013" class="citation news cs1">Mahapatra, Prasanta (24 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/worlds-biggest-open-air-theatre--sahi-yatra-begins-at-puri.html">"World's Biggest Open-Air Theatre Sahi Yatra Begins at Puri"</a>. The Pioneer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230303/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/worlds-biggest-open-air-theatre--sahi-yatra-begins-at-puri.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World%27s+Biggest+Open-Air+Theatre+Sahi+Yatra+Begins+at+Puri&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.aulast=Mahapatra&rft.aufirst=Prasanta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypioneer.com%2Fstate-editions%2Fbhubaneswar%2Fworlds-biggest-open-air-theatre--sahi-yatra-begins-at-puri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xl-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xl_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xl_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, p. xl.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aarti-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aarti_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarti_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSahu2016" class="citation news cs1">Sahu, Monideepa (6 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deccanherald.com/content/532849/fire.html">"The great fire"</a>. Deccan Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306214139/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/532849/fire.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+great+fire&rft.date=2016-03-06&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=Monideepa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcontent%2F532849%2Ffire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odisha.gov.in/portal/ViewDetails.asp?vchglinkid=GL010&vchplinkid=PL060&vchslinkid=SL035">"Sand Arts"</a>. Government of Orissa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150926033747/http://www.odisha.gov.in/portal/ViewDetails.asp?vchglinkid=GL010&vchplinkid=PL060&vchslinkid=SL035">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sand+Arts&rft.pub=Government+of+Orissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odisha.gov.in%2Fportal%2FViewDetails.asp%3Fvchglinkid%3DGL010%26vchplinkid%3DPL060%26vchslinkid%3DSL035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaik199695–96-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaik199695–96_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaik1996">Naik 1996</a>, pp. 95–96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGadon2000" class="citation journal cs1">Gadon, Elinor W. (February 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/indian-art-worlds-in-contention-local-regional-and-national-discourses-on-orissan-patta-paintings-by-helle-bundgaard-nordic-institute-of-asian-studies-monograph-series-no-80-richmond-surrey-curzon-1999-247-pp-4500-cloth/F46E8FB8E5D42BF037AA4A8178BDFB75">"Indian Art Worlds in Contention: Local, Regional and National Discourses on Orissan Patta Paintings. By Helle Bundgaard. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Monograph Series, No. 80. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1999. 247 pp. $45.00 (cloth)"</a>. <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>59</b> (1): 192–194. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2658630">10.2307/2658630</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1752-0401">1752-0401</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2658630">2658630</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201436927">201436927</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200829190142/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/indian-art-worlds-in-contention-local-regional-and-national-discourses-on-orissan-patta-paintings-by-helle-bundgaard-nordic-institute-of-asian-studies-monograph-series-no-80-richmond-surrey-curzon-1999-247-pp-4500-cloth/F46E8FB8E5D42BF037AA4A8178BDFB75">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Indian+Art+Worlds+in+Contention%3A+Local%2C+Regional+and+National+Discourses+on+Orissan+Patta+Paintings.+By+Helle+Bundgaard.+Nordic+Institute+of+Asian+Studies+Monograph+Series%2C+No.+80.+Richmond%2C+Surrey%3A+Curzon%2C+1999.+247+pp.+%2445.00+%28cloth%29.&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=192-194&rft.date=2000-02&rft.issn=1752-0401&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A201436927%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2658630%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2658630&rft.aulast=Gadon&rft.aufirst=Elinor+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fjournal-of-asian-studies%2Farticle%2Findian-art-worlds-in-contention-local-regional-and-national-discourses-on-orissan-patta-paintings-by-helle-bundgaard-nordic-institute-of-asian-studies-monograph-series-no-80-richmond-surrey-curzon-1999-247-pp-4500-cloth%2FF46E8FB8E5D42BF037AA4A8178BDFB75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014Xxxviii-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014Xxxviii_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014Xxxviii_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, p. Xxxviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014XL-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014XL_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, p. XL.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaharaj2021" class="citation book cs1">Maharaj, Guru Pandit Shyamal (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sIJVEAAAQBAJ&dq=Some+of+the+notable+Odissi+dancers+are+Kelucharan+Mohapatra,+Mayadhar+Raut,+Sonal+Mansingh,+and+Sanjukta+Panigrahi.&pg=PT53"><i>The Idea of Dance</i></a>. Notion Press.com. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781685097950" title="Special:BookSources/9781685097950"><bdi>9781685097950</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408144529/https://books.google.com/books?id=sIJVEAAAQBAJ&dq=Some+of+the+notable+Odissi+dancers+are+Kelucharan+Mohapatra,+Mayadhar+Raut,+Sonal+Mansingh,+and+Sanjukta+Panigrahi.&pg=PT53">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Idea+of+Dance&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Notion+Press.com&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781685097950&rft.aulast=Maharaj&rft.aufirst=Guru+Pandit+Shyamal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsIJVEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DSome%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bnotable%2BOdissi%2Bdancers%2Bare%2BKelucharan%2BMohapatra%2C%2BMayadhar%2BRaut%2C%2BSonal%2BMansingh%2C%2Band%2BSanjukta%2BPanigrahi.%26pg%3DPT53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxiii-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahanti2014xxxiii_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahanti2014">Mahanti 2014</a>, p. xxxiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMani2014" class="citation book cs1">Mani, J.C. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QweqCQAAQBAJ&dq=Puri+is+now+well-connected+by+rail,+road+and+air+services.&pg=PR33"><i>The Saga of Jagannatha and Badadeula at Puri</i></a>. VIJ Books. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789382652458" title="Special:BookSources/9789382652458"><bdi>9789382652458</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408144524/https://books.google.com/books?id=QweqCQAAQBAJ&dq=Puri+is+now+well-connected+by+rail,+road+and+air+services.&pg=PR33">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saga+of+Jagannatha+and+Badadeula+at+Puri&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=VIJ+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9789382652458&rft.aulast=Mani&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQweqCQAAQBAJ%26dq%3DPuri%2Bis%2Bnow%2Bwell-connected%2Bby%2Brail%2C%2Broad%2Band%2Bair%2Bservices.%26pg%3DPR33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roaddistance.in/west-bengal/kolkata-west-bengal-to-puri-distance/by-road/">"Kolkata West Bengal and Puri By Road, Distance Between Kolkata West Bengal and Puri , Distance By Road From Kolkata West Bengal and Puri with Travel Time, Puri Distance from Kolkata West Bengal, Driving Direction Calculator from kolkata west bengal and puri"</a>. <i>www.roaddistance.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307011902/https://www.roaddistance.in/west-bengal/kolkata-west-bengal-to-puri-distance/by-road/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.roaddistance.in&rft.atitle=Kolkata+West+Bengal+and+Puri+By+Road%2C+Distance+Between+Kolkata+West+Bengal+and+Puri+%2C+Distance+By+Road+From+Kolkata+West+Bengal+and+Puri+with+Travel+Time%2C+Puri+Distance+from+Kolkata+West+Bengal%2C+Driving+Direction+Calculator+from+kolkata+west+bengal+and+puri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roaddistance.in%2Fwest-bengal%2Fkolkata-west-bengal-to-puri-distance%2Fby-road%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html">"Indian Railways Passenger Reservation Enquiry"</a>. <i>Availability in trains for Top 100 Booking Stations of Indian Railways</i>. IRFCA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140510115649/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Availability+in+trains+for+Top+100+Booking+Stations+of+Indian+Railways&rft.atitle=Indian+Railways+Passenger+Reservation+Enquiry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianrail.gov.in%2F7days_Avl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rail-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rail_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilas2005" class="citation book cs1">Silas, Sandeep (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gL7pGaL3vooC&dq=Air,+road,+Train+connectivity+to+Puri&pg=PA75"><i>Discover India by Rail</i></a>. Sterlingpublishers.com. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120729391" title="Special:BookSources/9788120729391"><bdi>9788120729391</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405025556/https://books.google.com/books?id=gL7pGaL3vooC&dq=Air,+road,+Train+connectivity+to+Puri&pg=PA75">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discover+India+by+Rail&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Sterlingpublishers.com&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9788120729391&rft.aulast=Silas&rft.aufirst=Sandeep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgL7pGaL3vooC%26dq%3DAir%2C%2Broad%2C%2BTrain%2Bconnectivity%2Bto%2BPuri%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/SwainShashank/status/1650517779160735744?s=20">"https://twitter.com/SwainShashank/status/1650517779160735744?s=20"</a>. <i>Twitter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FSwainShashank%2Fstatus%2F1650517779160735744%3Fs%3D20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FSwainShashank%2Fstatus%2F1650517779160735744%3Fs%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|title=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/aai-technical-team-visits-proposed-site-of-puri-international-airport/articleshow/90084494.cms?from=mdr">"AAI technical team visits proposed site of Puri international airport"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i>. 8 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307011900/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/aai-technical-team-visits-proposed-site-of-puri-international-airport/articleshow/90084494.cms?from=mdr">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=AAI+technical+team+visits+proposed+site+of+Puri+international+airport&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Findustry%2Ftransportation%2Fairlines-%2F-aviation%2Faai-technical-team-visits-proposed-site-of-puri-international-airport%2Farticleshow%2F90084494.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://davpuri.in/">"Welcome to DAV Public School, Puri"</a>. <i>davpuri.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331070547/http://davpuri.in/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=davpuri.in&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+DAV+Public+School%2C+Puri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdavpuri.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kvsangathan.nic.in/kendriya-vidyalaya-puri">"KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA PURI | KVS- Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan | Government of India"</a>. <i>kvsangathan.nic.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815093024/https://kvsangathan.nic.in/kendriya-vidyalaya-puri">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kvsangathan.nic.in&rft.atitle=KENDRIYA+VIDYALAYA+PURI+%7C+KVS-+Kendriya+Vidyalaya+Sangathan+%7C+Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkvsangathan.nic.in%2Fkendriya-vidyalaya-puri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191331/http://www.odisha.gov.in/portal/LIWPL/event_archive/Events_Archives/144birth_anniversary_chakhi_khuntia.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odisha.gov.in/portal/LIWPL/event_archive/Events_Archives/144birth_anniversary_chakhi_khuntia.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odisha.gov.in%2Fportal%2FLIWPL%2Fevent_archive%2FEvents_Archives%2F144birth_anniversary_chakhi_khuntia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnanda2015" class="citation book cs1">Ananda, Sri G. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xMeVBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA11"><i>Empires of the Vedas Volume IV: The Kingdom of God</i></a>. Art of Unity. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5078-9942-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5078-9942-7"><bdi>978-1-5078-9942-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empires+of+the+Vedas+Volume+IV%3A+The+Kingdom+of+God&rft.pub=Art+of+Unity&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-5078-9942-7&rft.aulast=Ananda&rft.aufirst=Sri+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxMeVBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBansal2012" class="citation book cs1">Bansal, Sunita Pant (1 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KqONAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT30"><i>HIndu Pilgrimage: A journey through the holy places of hindus all over India</i></a>. V&S Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5057-251-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5057-251-1"><bdi>978-93-5057-251-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HIndu+Pilgrimage%3A+A+journey+through+the+holy+places+of+hindus+all+over+India&rft.pub=V%26S+Publishers&rft.date=2012-04-01&rft.isbn=978-93-5057-251-1&rft.aulast=Bansal&rft.aufirst=Sunita+Pant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKqONAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas1982" class="citation book cs1">Das, Manoranjan (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ciFNAQAAIAAJ"><i>The wooden horse: drama</i></a>. Bookland International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+wooden+horse%3A+drama&rft.pub=Bookland+International&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Manoranjan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DciFNAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDash2011" class="citation web cs1">Dash, Abhimanyu (July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329120858/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2011/july/engpdf/82-89.pdf">"Invasions on the Temple of Lord Jagannath, Puri"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Odisha. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2011/july/engpdf/82-89.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Invasions+on+the+Temple+of+Lord+Jagannath%2C+Puri&rft.pub=Government+of+Odisha&rft.date=2011-07&rft.aulast=Dash&rft.aufirst=Abhimanyu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodisha.gov.in%2Fe-magazine%2FOrissareview%2F2011%2Fjuly%2Fengpdf%2F82-89.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBindlossBrownElliottHarding2007" class="citation book cs1">Bindloss, Joe; Brown, Lindsay; Elliott, Mark; Harding, Paul (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QmR5p1tb5mcC&pg=PA253"><i>Northeast India</i></a>. Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74179-095-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74179-095-5"><bdi>978-1-74179-095-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northeast+India&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-74179-095-5&rft.aulast=Bindloss&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=Brown%2C+Lindsay&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Mark&rft.au=Harding%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQmR5p1tb5mcC%26pg%3DPA253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1997" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Roy Eugene (1 January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4Kadb8hYtC0C&pg=PA265"><i>Life Surrendered in God: The Philosophy and Practices of Kriya Yoga</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1495-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1495-0"><bdi>978-81-208-1495-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+Surrendered+in+God%3A+The+Philosophy+and+Practices+of+Kriya+Yoga&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1495-0&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Roy+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4Kadb8hYtC0C%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesRyan2006" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC&pg=PA248"><i>Encyclopedia of Hinduism</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7564-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7564-5"><bdi>978-0-8160-7564-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Constance&rft.au=Ryan%2C+James+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOgMmceadQ3gC%26pg%3DPA248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapoor2002" class="citation book cs1">Kapoor, Subodh (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SDh2WjvLo7gC&pg=PA5890"><i>The Indian Encyclopaedia</i></a>. Cosmo Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7755-257-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7755-257-7"><bdi>978-81-7755-257-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Encyclopaedia&rft.pub=Cosmo+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-81-7755-257-7&rft.aulast=Kapoor&rft.aufirst=Subodh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSDh2WjvLo7gC%26pg%3DPA5890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadan1988" class="citation book cs1">Madan, T. N (1 January 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1_qMH9PY9fQC&pg=PA161"><i>Way of Life: King, Householder, Renouncer : Essays in Honour of Louis Dumont</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0527-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0527-9"><bdi>978-81-208-0527-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Way+of+Life%3A+King%2C+Householder%2C+Renouncer+%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+Louis+Dumont&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0527-9&rft.aulast=Madan&rft.aufirst=T.+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1_qMH9PY9fQC%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManagers2006" class="citation web cs1">Managers, City (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021617/http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/CDP_Puri.pdf">"Puri City DevelopmentPlan 2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Puri Municipality:Government of Odisha. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/CDP_Puri.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Puri+City+DevelopmentPlan+2006&rft.pub=Puri+Municipality%3AGovernment+of+Odisha&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Managers&rft.aufirst=City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjnnurm.nic.in%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F12%2FCDP_Puri.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahanti2014" class="citation book cs1">Mahanti, J C (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QweqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA311"><i>The Saga of Jagannatha and Badadeula at Puri (: Story of Lord Jagannatha and his Temple)</i></a>. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-82652-45-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-82652-45-8"><bdi>978-93-82652-45-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saga+of+Jagannatha+and+Badadeula+at+Puri+%28%3A+Story+of+Lord+Jagannatha+and+his+Temple%29&rft.pub=Vij+Books+India+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-93-82652-45-8&rft.aulast=Mahanti&rft.aufirst=J+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQweqCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohapatra2013" class="citation book cs1">Mohapatra, J (24 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R0aVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61"><i>Wellness In Indian Festivals & Rituals: Since the Supreme Divine is manifested in all the Gods, worship of any God is quite legitimate</i></a>. Partridge Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4828-1689-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4828-1689-1"><bdi>978-1-4828-1689-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wellness+In+Indian+Festivals+%26+Rituals%3A+Since+the+Supreme+Divine+is+manifested+in+all+the+Gods%2C+worship+of+any+God+is+quite+legitimate.&rft.pub=Partridge+Publishing&rft.date=2013-12-24&rft.isbn=978-1-4828-1689-1&rft.aulast=Mohapatra&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR0aVAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaik1996" class="citation book cs1">Naik, Shailaja D. (1 January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oNAwl-jS3gwC&pg=PA95"><i>Traditional Embroideries of India</i></a>. APH Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7024-731-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7024-731-9"><bdi>978-81-7024-731-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Embroideries+of+India&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7024-731-9&rft.aulast=Naik&rft.aufirst=Shailaja+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoNAwl-jS3gwC%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRingSalkinBoda1994" class="citation book cs1">Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M.; Boda, Sharon La (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vWLRxJEU49EC&pg=PA697"><i>International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-04-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-04-6"><bdi>978-1-884964-04-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%3A+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-04-6&rft.aulast=Ring&rft.aufirst=Trudy&rft.au=Salkin%2C+Robert+M.&rft.au=Boda%2C+Sharon+La&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvWLRxJEU49EC%26pg%3DPA697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadasivan2000" class="citation book cs1">Sadasivan, S. N. (1 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA211"><i>A Social History of India</i></a>. APH Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-170-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-170-0"><bdi>978-81-7648-170-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+India&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7648-170-0&rft.aulast=Sadasivan&rft.aufirst=S.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBe3PCvzf-BYC%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarza1993" class="citation book cs1">Starza, O. M. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v4bV3beb0n8C"><i>The Jagannatha Temple at Puri: Its Architecture, Art, and Cult</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09673-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09673-6"><bdi>90-04-09673-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jagannatha+Temple+at+Puri%3A+Its+Architecture%2C+Art%2C+and+Cult&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=90-04-09673-6&rft.aulast=Starza&rft.aufirst=O.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv4bV3beb0n8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuri" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puri&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_Temples_in_Puri" title="Template:Hindu Temples in Puri"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_Temples_in_Puri" title="Template talk:Hindu Temples in Puri"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_Temples_in_Puri" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu Temples in Puri"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Temples_and_sacred_places_in_Puri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Temples and sacred places in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%">Jagannath Temple Complex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Jagannath Temple, Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimala_Temple" title="Vimala Temple">Vimala Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundicha_Temple" title="Gundicha Temple">Gundicha Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagannath_Temple,_Puri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri.jpg/100px-Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri.jpg/150px-Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri.jpg/200px-Jagannath_Temple%2C_Puri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2445" data-file-height="2885" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Tirtha_of_Puri" title="Pancha Tirtha of Puri">Pancha Tirtha of Puri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Indradyumana Tank</li> <li>Rohini Kunda</li> <li>Markandeya Tank</li> <li>Swetaganga Tank</li> <li>The Sea</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%">Notable temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamchandi_Temple" title="Alamchandi Temple">Alamchandi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_Mangala_Temple" title="Bata Mangala Temple">Bata Mangala Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_Narasimha_Temple" title="Chakra Narasimha Temple">Chakra Narasimha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokanatha_Temple" title="Lokanatha Temple">Lokanatha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markandeshwar_Temple" title="Markandeshwar Temple">Markandeshwar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausi_Maa_Temple" title="Mausi Maa Temple">Mausi Maa Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Temple,_Puri" title="Narasimha Temple, Puri">Narasimha Temple, Puri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%">Monasteries and maths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emar_Matha" title="Emar Matha">Emar Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govardhan_Math" title="Govardhan Math">Govardhan Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhakanta_Math" title="Radhakanta Math">Radhakanta Math</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFC569;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahaprasad_(Jagannath_Temple)" title="Mahaprasad (Jagannath Temple)">Mahaprasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilachala" title="Nilachala">Nilachala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nila_Chakra" class="mw-redirect" title="Nila Chakra">Nila Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neela_Madhava" title="Neela Madhava">Neela Madhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samkha_Kshetra" class="mw-redirect" title="Samkha Kshetra">Samkha Kshetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #FFC569;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_temples_in_Puri_district" title="Category:Hindu temples in Puri district">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu holy cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_holy_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> holy cities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Char_Dham" title="Char Dham">Char Dham</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwarkadhish_Temple" title="Dwarkadhish Temple">Dwarkadhish Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Jagannath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathaswamy_Temple" title="Ramanathaswamy Temple">Ramanathaswamy Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chota_Char_Dham" title="Chota Char Dham">Chota Char Dham</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangotri" title="Gangotri">Gangotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri" title="Yamunotri">Yamunotri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri_Temple" title="Yamunotri Temple">Yamunotri Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panch_Kedar" title="Panch Kedar">Panch Kedar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalpeshwar" title="Kalpeshwar">Kalpeshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaheshwar" title="Madhyamaheshwar">Madhyamaheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudranath" title="Rudranath">Rudranath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungnath" title="Tungnath">Tungnath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancharama_Kshetras" title="Pancharama Kshetras">Pancharama Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amararama" title="Amararama">Amararama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draksharama" class="mw-redirect" title="Draksharama">Draksharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksheerarama" title="Ksheerarama">Ksheerarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumararama" title="Kumararama">Kumararama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somarama" title="Somarama">Somarama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Six_Abodes_of_Murugan" title="Six Abodes of Murugan">Six Abodes of Murugan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palani" title="Palani">Palani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Solaimalai_Murugan_Temple,_Pazhamudircholai" class="mw-redirect" title="Arulmigu Solaimalai Murugan Temple, Pazhamudircholai">Pazhamudircholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamimalai" title="Swamimalai">Swamimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruparankundram" title="Thiruparankundram">Thiruparankundram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruttani" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruttani">Thiruttani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchendur" title="Tiruchendur">Tiruchendur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trilinga_Kshetras" title="Trilinga Kshetras">Trilinga Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draksharama" class="mw-redirect" title="Draksharama">Draksharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleshwaram" title="Kaleshwaram">Kaleshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam" title="Srisailam">Srisailam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ashtavinayaka" title="Ashtavinayaka">Ashtavinayaka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenyadri" title="Lenyadri">Lenyadri</a> <ul><li>Girijatmaja</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahad" title="Mahad">Mahad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varadvinayak" title="Varadvinayak">Varadvinayaka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Morgaon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha_Temple,_Morgaon" title="Ganesha Temple, Morgaon">Mayureshwara</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ozar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vigneshwara_Temple,_Ozar" title="Vigneshwara Temple, Ozar">Vighneswara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali,_Raigad" title="Pali, Raigad">Pali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballaleshwar_Pali" title="Ballaleshwar Pali">Ballaleshwara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjangaon" title="Ranjangaon">Ranjangaon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranjangaon_Ganpati" title="Ranjangaon Ganpati">Mahaganapati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhatek" title="Siddhatek">Siddhatek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siddhivinayak_Temple,_Siddhatek" title="Siddhivinayak Temple, Siddhatek">Siddhivinayaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintamani_Temple,_Theur" title="Chintamani Temple, Theur">Theur</a> <ul><li>Chintamani</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jyotirlinga" title="Jyotirlinga">Jyotirlinga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deoghar" title="Deoghar">Deoghar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baidyanath_Temple" title="Baidyanath Temple">Vaidyanath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nageshvara_Jyotirlinga" title="Nageshvara Jyotirlinga">Nageshvara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grishneshwar_Temple" title="Grishneshwar Temple">Grishneshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandwa_district" title="Khandwa district">Khandwa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omkareshwar_Temple" title="Omkareshwar Temple">Omkareshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhas_Patan" title="Prabhas Patan">Prabhas Patan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somnath_temple" title="Somnath temple">Somnath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khed_taluka" title="Khed taluka">Rajgurunagar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhimashankar_Temple" title="Bhimashankar Temple">Bhimashankar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathaswamy_Temple" title="Ramanathaswamy Temple">Ramanathaswamy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam" title="Srisailam">Srisailam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam#The_Temple" title="Srisailam">Mallikājuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimbak" title="Trimbak">Trimbak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimbakeshwar_Shiva_Temple" title="Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple">Trimbakeshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Ujjain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahakaleshwar_Jyotirlinga" title="Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga">Mahakaleshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashi_Vishwanath_Temple" title="Kashi Vishwanath Temple">Kasi Vishvanath</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhoota_Stalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancha Bhoota Stalam">Panchabootha Lingas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachalesvara_Temple" title="Arunachalesvara Temple">Annamalai (Fire)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvannamalai" title="Tiruvannamalai">Tiruvannamalai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Chidambaram (Ether)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekambareswarar_Temple_(Kanchipuram)" title="Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)">Ekambareswarar (Earth)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambukeswarar_Temple,_Thiruvanaikaval" title="Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval">Jambukeswarar (Water)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvanaikaval" title="Thiruvanaikaval">Thiruvanaikaval</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasteeswara_temple" title="Srikalahasteeswara temple">Srikalahasti (Air)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasti" title="Srikalahasti">Srikalahasti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Sabhai" title="Pancha Sabhai">Pancha Sabhas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirukutralam" title="Thirukutralam">Art/Chithiram, Courtallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellaiappar_Temple" title="Nellaiappar Temple">Copper/Thamiram, Nellai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vadaranyeswarar_Temple" title="Sri Vadaranyeswarar Temple">Emerald/Rathinam, Thiruvalangadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Gold/Pon, Thillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Temple,_Madurai" class="mw-redirect" title="Meenakshi Temple, Madurai">Silver/Velli, Madurai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sapta_Puri" title="Sapta Puri">Sapta Puris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Avantika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Kashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Maya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Shakti Peeths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vimala_Temple" title="Vimala Temple">Vimala Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taratarini_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Taratarini Temple">Taratarini Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakhya_Temple" title="Kamakhya Temple">Kamakhya Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalighat_Kali_Temple" title="Kalighat Kali Temple">Kalighat Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukkuteswara_Temple" title="Kukkuteswara Temple">Kukkuteswara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneswaram_Temple" title="Koneswaram Temple">Koneswaram Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakshi_Amman_Temple" title="Kamakshi Amman Temple">Kamakshi Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamundeshwari_Temple" title="Chamundeshwari Temple">Chamundeshwari Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi_Temple,_Kolhapur" title="Mahalakshmi Temple, Kolhapur">Mahalakshmi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biraja_Temple" title="Biraja Temple">Biraja Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopi_Devi_Mandir" title="Alopi Devi Mandir">Alopi Devi Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangla_Gauri_Temple" title="Mangla Gauri Temple">Mangla Gauri Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishalakshi_Temple" title="Vishalakshi Temple">Vishalakshi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha#List_of_51_Shakti_Peethas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kumbha_Mela" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbha Mela">Kumbha Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Kumbh_Mela" title="Haridwar Kumbh Mela">Haridwar Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a>-<a href="/wiki/Trimbak" title="Trimbak">Trimbak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nashik-Trimbakeshwar_Simhastha" title="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha">Nashik-Trimbak Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a> (Prayaga) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayaga Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Ujjain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chhath" title="Chhath">Sun Temple for Chhath Puja</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deo_Surya_Mandir" title="Deo Surya Mandir">Deo Sun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umga_Sun_Temple" title="Umga Sun Temple">Umga Sun Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Navagraha_temples_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Navagraha temples in Tamil Nadu">Navagraha temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suryanar_Kovil" title="Suryanar Kovil">Suryanar Kovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailasanthar_Temple,Thingalur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kailasanthar Temple,Thingalur">Kailasanathar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaitheeswaran_Koil" title="Vaitheeswaran Koil">Vaitheeswaran Koil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swetharanyeswarar_Temple" title="Swetharanyeswarar Temple">Swetharanyeswarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatsahayesvarar_Temple,_Alangudi" title="Apatsahayesvarar Temple, Alangudi">Apatsahayesvarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agniswarar_Temple,_Kanjanur" title="Agniswarar Temple, Kanjanur">Agniswarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirunallar_Saniswaran_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple">Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahu_Stalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahu Stalam">Rahu Stalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagannathaswamy_Temple,_Keezhaperumpallam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagannathaswamy Temple, Keezhaperumpallam">Nagannathaswamy Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><b>Important</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarnath_Temple" title="Amarnath Temple">Amarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundha_Nagnath" title="Aundha Nagnath">Aundha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabaleshwar_Temple,_Gokarna" title="Mahabaleshwar Temple, Gokarna">Gokarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple" title="Kandariya Mahadeva Temple">Khajuraho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudalasangama" title="Kudalasangama">Kudalasangama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_Temple" title="Lingaraja Temple">Lingaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paadal_Petra_Sthalam" title="Paadal Petra Sthalam">Paadal Petra Sthalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadisvara_Temple,_Thanjavur" class="mw-redirect" title="Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyagaraja_Temple,_Tiruvarur" title="Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur">Thiruvarur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkunnathan_Temple" title="Vadakkunnathan Temple">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom_Sree_Mahadeva_Temple" title="Vaikom Sree Mahadeva Temple">Vaikom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(shrine)" title="Samadhi (shrine)">Samadhis</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alandi" title="Alandi">Alandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur_Math" title="Belur Math">Belur Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Ghat" title="Tulsi Ghat">Tulsi Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meherabad" title="Meherabad">Meherabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirdi" title="Shirdi">Shirdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur" title="Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a></li> <li>Panchaganga Ghat</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanthi_Nilayam" title="Prasanthi Nilayam">Prasanthi Nilayam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahobilam" title="Ahobilam">Ahobilam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambaji" title="Ambaji">Ambaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annavaram" title="Annavaram">Annavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachala" title="Arunachala">Arunachala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnana_Saraswati_Temple,_Basar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnana Saraswati Temple, Basar">Basar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Ramachandraswamy_Temple,_Bhadrachalam" title="Sita Ramachandraswamy Temple, Bhadrachalam">Bhadrachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitrakoot,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh">Chitrakoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chottanikkara" title="Chottanikkara">Chottanikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakor" title="Dakor">Dakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple" title="Dakshineswar Kali Temple">Dakshineswar Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deo,_Bihar" title="Deo, Bihar">Deo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmasthala" title="Dharmasthala">Dharmasthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettumanoor" title="Ettumanoor">Ettumanoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaya,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya, India">Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokul" title="Gokul">Gokul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayur" title="Guruvayur">Guruvayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Indraprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jageshwar" title="Jageshwar">Jageshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biraja_Temple" title="Biraja Temple">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalighat" title="Kalighat">Kalighat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi_Temple" title="Vaishno Devi Temple">Katra Vaishno Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatushyamji,_Rajasthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatushyamji, Rajasthan">Khatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollur,_Udupi_district" title="Kollur, Udupi district">Kollur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Kumbakonam" title="List of Hindu temples in Kumbakonam">Kumbakonam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra" title="Kurukshetra">Kurukshetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalagiri" title="Mangalagiri">Mangalagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayapur" title="Mayapur">Mayapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabadwip" title="Nabadwip">Nabadwip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathdwara" title="Nathdwara">Nathdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Prayag</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Triveni Sangam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkar" title="Pushkar">Pushkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpagiri,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Pushpagiri, Andhra Pradesh">Pushpagiri Temple Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishikesh" title="Rishikesh">Rishikesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryali" title="Ryali">Ryali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarimala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabarimala">Sabarimala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Shakti Pitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Lakshmi_Narasimha_temple,_Simhachalam" title="Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam">Simhachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somnath_temple" title="Somnath temple">Somnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonamukhi" title="Sonamukhi">Sonamukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kurmam" title="Sri Kurmam">Sri Kurmam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangam" title="Srirangam">Srirangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(Gandhinagar)" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)">Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(New_Delhi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)">Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura" title="Thrippunithura">Thrippunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchanur" title="Tiruchanur">Tiruchanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirunavaya" title="Tirunavaya">Tirunavaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velliangiri_Mountains" title="Velliangiri Mountains">Velliangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Rajeswara_Temple,_Vemulawada" title="Raja Rajeswara Temple, Vemulawada">Vemulawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Durga_Temple" title="Kanaka Durga Temple">Vijayawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrindavan" title="Vrindavan">Vrindavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lakshmi_Narasimha_Swamy_Temple,_Yadadri" title="Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, Yadadri">Yadagirigutta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aum"><img alt="Aum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/30px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/45px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/60px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><b>Out of India</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ateshgah_of_Baku" title="Ateshgah of Baku">Ateshgah of Baku (Azerbaijan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_S%C6%A1n" title="Mỹ Sơn">Bhadreshwaram (Vietnam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_Talao" title="Ganga Talao">Ganga Talao (Mauritius)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraivan_Temple" title="Iraivan Temple">Iraivan temple (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan_Temple_(Quanzhou)" title="Kaiyuan Temple (Quanzhou)">Kadhalishwaram ruins (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kailash" title="Mount Kailash">Mount Kailash (Tibet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sivan_Temple" title="Sri Sivan Temple">Sivan temple (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanom_Rung_Historical_Park" title="Phanom Rung Historical Park">Sthūlādri (Thailand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_the_Sea" title="Temple in the Sea">Temple in the Sea (Trinidad and Tobago)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasathan" title="Devasathan">Thewasathan Bot Phram</a> (<a href="/wiki/Giant_Swing" title="Giant Swing">Sao Chingcha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banteay_Srei" title="Banteay Srei">Tribhuvanamāhesvaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_temple" title="Balinese temple">Balinese temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besakih_Temple" title="Besakih Temple">Besakih Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surawana" title="Surawana">Candi Surawana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangkuang" title="Cangkuang">Cangkuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto_Temple" title="Ceto Temple">Ceto Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpasar" title="Denpasar">Denpasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieng_Plateau" title="Dieng Plateau">Dieng Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebang" title="Gebang">Gebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedong_Songo" title="Gedong Songo">Gedong Songo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianyar_Regency" title="Gianyar Regency">Gianyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunung_Kawi" title="Gunung Kawi">Gunung Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_Temple" title="Jawi Temple">Jawi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidal_Temple" title="Kidal Temple">Kidal Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marga,_Tabanan" title="Marga, Tabanan">Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pejeng" title="Pejeng">Pejeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penataran" title="Penataran">Penataran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluwatu_Temple" title="Uluwatu Temple">Pura Luhur Ulu Watu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Penataran_Sasih" title="Pura Penataran Sasih">Pura Penataran Sasih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Ulun_Danu_Batur" title="Pura Ulun Danu Batur">Pura Ulun Danu Batur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Ulun_Danu_Bratan" title="Pura Ulun Danu Bratan">Pura Ulun Danu Bratan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Shivagraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhasari_temple" title="Singhasari temple">Singhasari temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukuh" title="Sukuh">Sukuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanah_Lot" title="Tanah Lot">Tanah Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirta_Empul" title="Tirta Empul">Tirta Empul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barahachhetra" class="mw-redirect" title="Barahachhetra">Chataradham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janakpur" title="Janakpur">Janakpurdham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupatinath_Temple" title="Pashupatinath Temple">Pashupatinath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinglaj" title="Hinglaj">Hinglaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_Peeth" title="Sharada Peeth">Sharada Peeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan_Sun_Temple" title="Multan Sun Temple">Multan Sun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katas_Raj_Temples" title="Katas Raj Temples">Katas Raj Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amb_Temples" title="Amb Temples">Amb Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Kali_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalat Kali Temple">Kalat Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarparkar_Temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagarparkar Temples">Nagarparkar Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansehra_Shiva_Temple" title="Mansehra Shiva Temple">Mansehra Shiva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_Temple" title="Lava Temple">Lava Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Sialkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannath Temple, Sialkot">Jagannath Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churrio_Jabal" class="mw-redirect" title="Churrio Jabal">Churrio Jabal Durga Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadh_Belo" title="Sadh Belo">Sadh Belo Island Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafir_Kot" title="Kafir Kot">Kafir Kot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Ishwarams" title="Pancha Ishwarams">Pancheshwarams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketheeswaram_temple" title="Ketheeswaram temple">Ketheeshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneswaram_Temple" title="Koneswaram Temple">Koneswaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munneswaram_temple" title="Munneswaram temple">Munneshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naguleswaram_temple" title="Naguleswaram temple">Naguleshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenavaram_temple" title="Tenavaram temple">Thondeshwaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ati_Konanayakar" title="Ati Konanayakar">Ati Konanayakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataragama" title="Kataragama">Kataragama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokkadicholai_Thaanthonreeswarar_Temple" title="Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswarar Temple">Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswarar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathirakali_Amman_Temple" title="Pathirakali Amman Temple">Pathirakali Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thambiluvil_Kannaki_Amman_Temple" title="Thambiluvil Kannaki Amman Temple">Thambiluvil Kannaki Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thambiluvil_Sri_Sivalinga_Pillayar_Temple" title="Thambiluvil Sri Sivalinga Pillayar Temple">Thambiluvil Sri Sivalinga Pillayar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkovil_Temple" title="Thirukkovil Temple">Thirukkovil Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Puri_district" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Puri_district" title="Template:Puri district"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Puri_district" title="Template talk:Puri district"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Puri_district" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Puri district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Puri_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Puri_district" title="Puri district">Puri district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_Odisha_Vidhan_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha">Constituencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmagiri_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmagiri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Brahmagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatpur_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakatpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Kakatpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimapara_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimapara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Nimapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipili_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipili (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Pipili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabadi_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyabadi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Satyabadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alipada" title="Alipada">Alipada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astaranga" title="Astaranga">Astaranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biranarasingh_Pur" title="Biranarasingh Pur">Biranarasingh Pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biratunga" title="Biratunga">Biratunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmagiri,_Odisha" title="Brahmagiri, Odisha">Brahmagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganeswarpur" title="Ganeswarpur">Ganeswarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gop,_Odisha" title="Gop, Odisha">Gop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark" title="Konark">Konark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimapada" title="Nimapada">Nimapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parikud" title="Parikud">Parikud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipili" title="Pipili">Pipili</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghurajpur" title="Raghurajpur">Raghurajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satpada" title="Satpada">Satpada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basudeipur" title="Basudeipur">Basudeipur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Odisha" title="List of districts of Odisha">Other districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Angul_district" title="Template:Angul district">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Balangir_district" title="Template:Balangir district">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Balasore_district" title="Template:Balasore district">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bargarh_district" title="Template:Bargarh district">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bhadrak_district" title="Template:Bhadrak district">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Boudh_district" title="Template:Boudh district">Boudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuttack_district" title="Template:Cuttack district">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Debagarh_district" title="Template:Debagarh district">Debagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dhenkanal_district" title="Template:Dhenkanal district">Dhenkanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Gajapati_district" title="Template:Gajapati district">Gajapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ganjam_district" title="Template:Ganjam district">Ganjam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jagatsinghpur_district" title="Template:Jagatsinghpur district">Jagatsinghpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jajpur_district" title="Template:Jajpur district">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jharsuguda_district" title="Template:Jharsuguda district">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kalahandi_district" title="Template:Kalahandi district">Kalahandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kandhamal_district" title="Template:Kandhamal district">Kandhamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kendrapara_district" title="Template:Kendrapara district">Kendrapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kendujhar_district" title="Template:Kendujhar district">Kendujhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Khordha_district" title="Template:Khordha district">Khordha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Koraput_district" title="Template:Koraput district">Koraput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Malkangiri_district" title="Template:Malkangiri district">Malkangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayurbhanj_district" title="Template:Mayurbhanj district">Mayurbhanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nabarangpur_district" title="Template:Nabarangpur district">Nabarangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nayagarh_district" title="Template:Nayagarh district">Nayagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuapada_district" title="Template:Nuapada district">Nuapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Rayagada_district" title="Template:Rayagada district">Rayagada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sambalpur_district" title="Template:Sambalpur district">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Subarnapur_district" title="Template:Subarnapur district">Subarnapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sundergarh_district" title="Template:Sundergarh district">Sundergarh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_of_Odisha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_of_Odisha" title="Template:Municipalities of Odisha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_of_Odisha" title="Template talk:Municipalities of Odisha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_of_Odisha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities of Odisha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_of_Odisha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Municipal<br />corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmapur,_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmapur, Odisha">Brahmapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anandapur" title="Anandapur">Anandapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angul" title="Angul">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asika" title="Asika">Asika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbil" title="Barbil">Barbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangir" title="Balangir">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh" title="Bargarh">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baripada" title="Baripada">Baripada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak" title="Bhadrak">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhawanipatna" title="Bhawanipatna">Bhawanipatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biramitrapur" title="Biramitrapur">Biramitrapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudh" title="Boudh">Baudhgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajarajnagar" title="Brajarajnagar">Brajarajnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byasanagar" title="Byasanagar">Byasanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choudwar" title="Choudwar">Choudwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapur" title="Chhatrapur">Chhatrapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debagarh" title="Debagarh">Debagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhenkanal" title="Dhenkanal">Dhenkanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunupur" title="Gunupur">Gunupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinjilicut" title="Hinjilicut">Hinjilicut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagatsinghpur" title="Jagatsinghpur">Jagatsinghpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajpur" title="Jajpur">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatani" title="Jatani">Jatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeypore" title="Jeypore">Jeypore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda" title="Jharsuguda">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joda" title="Joda">Joda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrapara" title="Kendrapara">Kendrapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendujhar" title="Kendujhar">Kendujhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordha" title="Khordha">Khordha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabarangpur" title="Nabarangpur">Nabarangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayagarh" title="Nayagarh">Nayagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuapada" title="Nuapada">Nuapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradeep" title="Paradeep">Paradeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralakhemundi" title="Paralakhemundi">Paralakhemundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulbani" title="Phulbani">Phulbani</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgangpur" title="Rajgangpur">Rajgangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayagada" title="Rayagada">Rayagada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnapur,_Odisha" title="Subarnapur, Odisha">Subarnapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundergarh" title="Sundergarh">Sundergarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcher" title="Talcher">Talcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basudebpur" title="Basudebpur">Basudebpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaleswar" title="Jaleswar">Jaleswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantabanji" title="Kantabanji">Kantabanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koraput" title="Koraput">Koraput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malkangiri" title="Malkangiri">Malkangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattamundai" title="Pattamundai">Pattamundai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rairangpur" title="Rairangpur">Rairangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soro,_Balasore" title="Soro, Balasore">Soro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunabeda" title="Sunabeda">Sunabeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titlagarh" title="Titlagarh">Titlagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umerkote" title="Umerkote">Umerkote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nagar_panchayat" title="Nagar panchayat">NAC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agarpada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agarpada (page does not exist)">Agarpada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athagad" title="Athagad">Athagad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attabira" class="mw-redirect" title="Attabira">Attabira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balimela" title="Balimela">Balimela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balugaon" title="Balugaon">Balugaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamra">Bamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banapur" title="Banapur">Banapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banki,_Odisha" title="Banki, Odisha">Banki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barapali" title="Barapali">Barapali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh" title="Bargarh">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basta,_Odisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basta, Odisha (page does not exist)">Basta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begunia" title="Begunia">Begunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaguntha" title="Belaguntha">Belaguntha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belpahar" title="Belpahar">Belpahar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bheden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bheden (page does not exist)">Bheden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belpada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belpada (page does not exist)">Belpada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak" title="Bhadrak">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhanjanagar" title="Bhanjanagar">Bhanjanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binika" title="Binika">Binika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binjharpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Binjharpur">Binjharpur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bissamcuttack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bissamcuttack (page does not exist)">Bissamcuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhuban" title="Bhuban">Bhuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borigumma" title="Borigumma">Borigumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buguda" title="Buguda">Buguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burla,_India" title="Burla, India">Burla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandikhole" title="Chandikhole">Chandikhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandili" title="Chandili">Chandili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhendipada" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhendipada">Chhendipada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunguripali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunguripali (page does not exist)">Dunguripali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam" title="Ganjam">Ganjam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gop,_Odisha" title="Gop, Odisha">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalpur,_Odisha" title="Gopalpur, Odisha">Gopalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudari,_Rayagada" title="Gudari, Rayagada">Gudari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirakud" title="Hirakud">Hirakud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipatna" title="Jaipatna">Jaipatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarka" title="Jarka">Jarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junagarh,_Kalahandi" title="Junagarh, Kalahandi">Junagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakhyanagar" title="Kamakhyanagar">Kamakhyanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantilo" title="Kantilo">Kantilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantamal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantamal">Kantamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karanjia" title="Karanjia">Karanjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashinagara" title="Kashinagara">Kashinagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabisuryanagar" title="Kabisuryanagar">Kabisuryanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesinga" title="Kesinga">Kesinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khallikote" title="Khallikote">Khallikote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandapada" title="Khandapada">Khandapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khariar" title="Khariar">Khariar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khariar_Road" title="Khariar Road">Khariar Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodala" title="Kodala">Kodala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark" title="Konark">Konark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotpad" title="Kotpad">Kotpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchinda" title="Kuchinda">Kuchinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukudakhandi" title="Kukudakhandi">Kukudakhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muniguda" title="Muniguda">Muniguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narsinghpur" title="Narsinghpur">Narsinghpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niali" title="Niali">Niali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilagiri" title="Nilagiri">Nilagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimapada" title="Nimapada">Nimapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuapada" title="Nuapada">Nuapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmapur" title="Padmapur">Padmapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paikmal" title="Paikmal">Paikmal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallahara" title="Pallahara">Pallahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panikoili" title="Panikoili">Panikoili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parjang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parjang (page does not exist)">Parjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patnagarh" title="Patnagarh">Patnagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipili" title="Pipili">Pipili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polasara" title="Polasara">Polasara</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusottampur" title="Purusottampur">Purusottampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikia" title="Raikia">Raikia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rairakhol" class="mw-redirect" title="Rairakhol">Redhakho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambha,_Odisha" title="Rambha, Odisha">Rambhaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayagada" title="Rayagada">Rayagada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salepur" title="Salepur">Salepur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saintala" title="Saintala">Saintala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheragarh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheragarh (page does not exist)">Sheragarh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simulia,_Odisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simulia, Odisha (page does not exist)">Simulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinapali" title="Sinapali">Sinapali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnapur,_Odisha" title="Subarnapur, Odisha">Subarnapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundergarh" title="Sundergarh">Sundergarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surada" title="Surada">Surada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangi,_Odisha" title="Tangi, Odisha">Tangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbha" title="Tarbha">Tarbha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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